Using PDO threads: A scarcely studied rejuvenation technique. Case report and systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Thread lifting procedures for facial rejuvenation have made great strides with the development of absorbable threads. Although they have gained fame among plastic surgeons and dermatologists, there have been very few studies published in scientific articles on the effects of absorbable threads in facial rejuvenation, as well as few studies published by aesthetic physicians. The most effective and efficient techniques to determine the adequate place to insert the reabsorbable thread, and the different ways to evaluate the effectiveness of these aesthetic procedures, are still unknown. OBJECTIVES: This review aims to identify, in the scientific literature, the evaluation techniques for a safe and correct insertion of PDO threads in facial rejuvenation procedures. METHODOLOGY: A review of scientific literature was performed using the following list of keywords, descriptors, or thesauri: PDO threads, aesthetics, facial rejuvenation. Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were used for the literature search. Articles from years 2012-2022 were selected. The reference lists of the identified articles were included. (16) out of (35) articles associated with the topic were selected. Simple and compound searches were performed with the keywords and very few rigorous studies about the use of PDO threads for aesthetic procedures were found. RESULTS: Very few rigorous scientific studies on the use of PDO threads for facial rejuvenation procedures were found. There is a strong theoretical and methodological gap on this subject, and, also, on the evaluation techniques that could be used for the safe and correct insertion of the threads. CONCLUSION: The bibliographic information found shows a huge theoretical and methodological gap in the subject of procedures for facial rejuvenation with PDO threads, as well as the techniques and tools employed to guarantee the correct insertion of the threads.

Association of PDO threads and technologies-Facial treatment protocols.

BACKGROUND: Aging is part of the immutable characteristics of the human being, and the search for treatments to alleviate the undesirable effects of aging is frequent in the dermatological office. AIMS: This work proposes the technique of association of PDO threads with technologies and the description of the facial treatment protocols. METHODS: For contextualization, two case studies of two patients subjected to the procedure are analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: In recent years, there have been marked changes in facial rejuvenation techniques using PDO threads and these have shown satisfactory results for collagen biostimulation. Having technologies in dermatological clinics is a frequent reality, and sometimes, some doctors are in doubt about when to use them associated with PDO wires and in which sequence it should be done, ensuring patient safety and maintaining the integrity of the wires. This article aims to bring clarity about how to use technology and when is the right time. It is also intended to clarify that the PDO wire can be used in conjunction with the microfocused ultrasound technology, since the melting point of the PDO polymer is between 110° and 115°C.

The Portuguese Serrana goat breed: a review.

Goats were among the first animals to be domesticated over 10,000 years ago and are part of human societies since the beginning of agriculture. Goats play a major role both in commercial farming systems and in subsistence agriculture systems, particularly in tropical, subtropical and Mediterranean regions where they are crucial for the supply of meat, milk, fibre and dung. This review concerns the Serrana breed, the most important and numerous indigenous goat breed from Portugal that was furthermore exported to other regions of the world, notably South America during the Portuguese colonization. Herein, we describe the origin and history of the breed as well as the productive performance and most common production systems. Finally, we address the local and traditional PDO (protected denomination of origin) and PGI (protected geographical indication) that are produced from these animals.

Small interfering RNA for cancer treatment: overcoming hurdles in delivery.

In many ways, cancer cells are different from healthy cells. A lot of tactical nano-based drug delivery systems are based on the difference between cancer and healthy cells. Currently, nanotechnology-based delivery systems are the most promising tool to deliver DNA-based products to cancer cells. This review aims to highlight the latest development in the lipids and polymeric nanocarrier for siRNA delivery to the cancer cells. It also provides the necessary information about siRNA development and its mechanism of action. Overall, this review gives us a clear picture of lipid and polymer-based drug delivery systems, which in the future could form the base to translate the basic siRNA biology into siRNA-based cancer therapies.

Authentication of Greek PDO Kalamata Table Olives: A Novel Non-Target High Resolution Mass Spectrometric Approach.

Food science continually requires the development of novel analytical methods to prevent fraudulent actions and guarantee food authenticity. Greek table olives, one of the most emblematic and valuable Greek national products, are often subjected to economically motivated fraud. In this work, a novel ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) analytical method was developed to detect the mislabeling of Greek PDO Kalamata table olives, and thereby establish their authenticity. A non-targeted screening workflow was applied, coupled to advanced chemometric techniques such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) in order to fingerprint and accurately discriminate PDO Greek Kalamata olives from Kalamata (or Kalamon) type olives from Egypt and Chile. The method performance was evaluated using a target set of phenolic compounds and several validation parameters were calculated. Overall, 65 table olive samples from Greece, Egypt, and Chile were analyzed and processed for the model development and its accuracy was validated. The robustness of the chemometric model was tested using 11 Greek Kalamon olive samples that were produced during the following crop year, 2018, and they were successfully classified as Greek Kalamon olives from Kalamata. Twenty-six characteristic authenticity markers were indicated to be responsible for the discrimination of Kalamon olives of different geographical origins.

In Vitro Degradation of Polydioxanone Lifting Threads in Hyaluronic Acid.

Recently, some clinicians have proposed implanting polydioxanone (PDO) threads imbibed in hyaluronic acid (HA), arguing that this may reinforce the lifting effects. However, this is controversial because PDO sutures are hydrophilic and the presence of HA could increase the rate of hydrolysis. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the degradation of PDO lifting threads in HA through ultramicroscopy. It was a qualitative research and preclinical trial. Three, 1-cm-long, segments of 23-G PDO threads were immersed in 1.5-mL non-crosslinked HA in previously labeled, sterile microcentrifuge tubes. These were observed by ultramicroscopy at 4× and 10× after 24, 48, and 72 h. Microphotographs taken after 24 h show structural changes in the fibers, presenting an increase in interlaminar spaces and dilution of violet pigmentation. At 48 h, degradation continues. PDO hygroscopy is observed as aqueous content between the peripheral layers and the central core of the thread. At 72 h, as the pigment is released, larger empty spaces are observed in the central column of the thread, and there is disorganization of the peripheral fibrils with fraying all along the fiber. HA induces rapid biodegradation of the PDO thread by hydrolysis beginning 24 h after contact of the thread with the biomaterial. The non-crosslinked HA is a powerful catalyzing agent for hydrolytic degradation of the PDO thread, because this thread is highly hydrophilic. Clinically, embedding PDO threads in HA accelerates biodegradation of the suture.

A Reliable Stem Cell Carrier: An Experimental Study in Wistar Rats.

INTRODUCTION: Treatments based on cell biology need reliable and precise carriers for reaching the desired targets. For that reason, a PDO-based cell carrier was idealized, with the purpose of carrying stem cells to distant sites at room temperature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three modalities of the same carrier were evaluated: one containing undifferentiated human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs); one loaded with stem cells induced to neurogenic differentiation (DPSCNs); and one without cells (Blank). The carriers were implanted in sciatic nerve gaps in 48 Wistar rats that were divided in three groups. Two other rats were included in a SHAM control group. Immunohistochemical, histological and clinical analyses were performed in two, four, six and eight weeks of time. RESULTS: Efficacy of human stem cell transportation at room temperature to rats was attested. Moreover, it was possible to confirm that those cells show tropism for inflamed environments and are also prone to induction of neurogenesis in the first two weeks, vanishing after that period. CONCLUSION: Clinical evaluation of the animals' gait recovery shows a promising perspective of success with the inclusion of stem cell-loaded PDO tubes in nerve gaps, which may be positively compared to previously published studies. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors - www.springer.com/00266.

Brown rice authenticity evaluation by spark discharge-laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.

Rice is the most consumed food worldwide, therefore its designation of origin (PDO) is very useful. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an interesting analytical technique for PDO certification, since it provides fast multielemental analysis requiring minimal sample treatment. In this work LIBS spectral data from rice analysis were evaluated for PDO certification of Argentine brown rice. Samples from two PDOs were analyzed by LIBS coupled to spark discharge. The selection of spectral data was accomplished by extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), an algorithm currently used in machine learning, but rarely applied in chemical issues. Emission lines of C, Ca, Fe, Mg and Na were selected, and the best performance of classification were obtained using k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) algorithm. The developed method provided 84% of accuracy, 100% of sensitivity and 78% of specificity in classification of test samples. Furthermore, it is simple, clean and can be easily applied for rice certification.

Efeitos do congelamento prévio à maturação na aceitação sensorial da cor da carne bovina / Effects of freezing/thawing and aging on sensorial beef color

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do congelamento prévio a maturação (0 e 14 dias) sobre a aceitação sensorial da cor da carne bovina, comparando com amostras não-congeladas. O congelamento reduziu os valores de pH das amostras (de 5,58 para 5,48) e aumentou a proporção de oximioglobina (de 69 para 73%) nas amostras não-maturadas. Todos os índices de cor foram afetados pelo tempo de maturação, ficando mais claras (maior L*), com tonalidade vermelha mais alaranjada (maior h) e mais intensa (maior C*). O congelamento reduziu os valores de L*, sendo que as amostras congeladas e maturadas por 14 dias foram percebidas como mais claras e reduziu a intenção de compra dos avaliadores. Conclui-se que o congelamento tem pouco efeito sob a coloração da carne, mas a maturação subsequente reduziu a sua aceitação.(AU)

Efeitos do congelamento prévio à maturação na aceitação sensorial da cor da carne bovina / Effects of freezing/thawing and aging on sensorial beef color

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do congelamento prévio a maturação (0 e 14 dias) sobre a aceitação sensorial da cor da carne bovina, comparando com amostras não-congeladas. O congelamento reduziu os valores de pH das amostras (de 5,58 para 5,48) e aumentou a proporção de oximioglobina (de 69 para 73%) nas amostras não-maturadas. Todos os índices de cor foram afetados pelo tempo de maturação, ficando mais claras (maior L*), com tonalidade vermelha mais alaranjada (maior h) e mais intensa (maior C*). O congelamento reduziu os valores de L*, sendo que as amostras congeladas e maturadas por 14 dias foram percebidas como mais claras e reduziu a intenção de compra dos avaliadores. Conclui-se que o congelamento tem pouco efeito sob a coloração da carne, mas a maturação subsequente reduziu a sua aceitação.

El jurel Trachurus murphyi y las variables ambientales de macroescala

Se analiza información de diversas variables ambientales de macroescala disponibles desde 1876 para el Pacífico Sudoriental y datos más recientes de desembarques y biomasas de jurel Trachurus murphyi Nichols 1920 en el mar peruano en relación con áreas probables de masas de agua equivalentes a Aguas Costeras Frías (ACF) y Aguas Subtropicales Superficiales (ASS). Se concluye que el Índice de Oscilación Decadal del Pacífico (PDO) presenta expresiones de variabilidad coherentes con las encontradas para el Índice de Oscilación del Sur (SOI) y que los cambios observados en las biomasas de T. murphyi en el mar peruano reflejan cambios en la disponibilidad del recurso asociado a patrones de variabilidad seculares (SOI) y decadales (PDO). Tales fluctuaciones en la disponibilidad del recurso afectan las pesquerías de Ecuador, Perú y norte de Chile, las que muestran variaciones importantes en sus desembarques y habrían dado una imagen sesgada de la abundancia conduciendo a diagnósticos errados de la real situación del recurso. Estos patrones de variabilidad afectarían también las manifestaciones de El Niño, haciendo que se inicien en otoños o primaveras australes dependiendo de si el PDO imperante es negativo o positivo. Por otro lado, en función a la distancia euclidiana de las varianzas del SOI se identifican periodos de alta (1876 - 1925 y 1976 - 2012) y baja (1926 - 1975) variabilidad; y con el PDO se diferencian periodos cálidos (1925 - 1944 y 1975 - 1994), frio (1945 - 1974) y templados o interfaces (1895 - 1924 y 1995 - 2012), siendo estos últimos producto de la interacción con los momentos de alta variabilidad

This paper analyses information on various macro environmental variables available since 1876 for the Southeast Pacific and more recent data on Jack mackerel Trachurus murphyi (Nichols, 1920) landings and biomass in the Peruvian sea, relating them to probable areas of water masses equivalent to Cold Coastal Waters (CCW) and Subtropical Surface Waters (SSW). It is concluded that the index of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) presents expressions of variability that are consistent with those found for the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and that the detected changes in biomass of Jack mackerel T. murphyi in the Peruvian sea reflect changes in the availability of the fish stock associated with secular (SOI) and decadal (PDO) variability patterns. These fluctuations in stock availability impact fisheries in Ecuador, Peru and northern Chile, which show significant variations in their landings and would have given a biased picture of the state of abundance, leading to wrong diagnoses of the real situation of the exploited stocks. These patterns of variability would also affect the appearance of El Niño, making them start in the southern hemisphere autumn or spring depending on whether the current PDO is positive or negative. Periods of high (1876 - 1925 and 1976 - 2012) and low (1926 - 1975) variability are also identified in relation to the Euclidean distance of the variances of the SOI; and in relation to the PDO a distinction is made between warm (1925 - 1944 and 1975 - 1994), cold (1945 - 1974) and tempered or interface periods (1895 - 1924 and 1995 - 2012), the latter being explained by the interaction between periods of high variability