Toll-like receptor signaling pathway involved in pathogenesis of thromboangiitis obliterans through activating of NF-κB.

OBJECTIVES: The pathogenic mechanisms of Thromboangiitis Obliterans (TAO) are not entirely known and autoimmune inflammation plays a vital role in the initiation and continuance of TAO activity. The authors investigated in this study the role of the TLR signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of TAO. METHODS: First, the authors detected the expressions of MyD88, TRIF and NF-κB in vascular walls of 46 patients with TAO and 32 patients with trauma and osteosarcoma by western blot assay. Second, the authors detected the cellular localization of MyD88, TRIF and NF-κB in vascular walls of patients with TAO by immunofluorescent assay. RESULTS: The protein expressions of MyD88, TRIF and NF-κB were much higher in vascular walls of TAO patients (p < 0.05). Higher expressions of MyD88 and NF-κB were detected both on vascular endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells of TAO patients. However, higher expression of TRIF was just detected on vascular smooth muscle cells of TAO patients. CONCLUSIONS: These dates suggest that the TLR signaling pathway might play an important role in the pathogenesis of TAO, it might induce vasospasm, vasculitis and thrombogenesis to lead to the pathogenesis and progression of TAO.

Toll-like receptor signaling pathway involved in pathogenesis of thromboangiitis obliterans through activating of NF-κB

Abstract Objectives The pathogenic mechanisms of Thromboangiitis Obliterans (TAO) are not entirely known and autoimmune inflammation plays a vital role in the initiation and continuance of TAO activity. The authors investigated in this study the role of the TLR signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of TAO. Methods First, the authors detected the expressions of MyD88, TRIF and NF-κB in vascular walls of 46 patients with TAO and 32 patients with trauma and osteosarcoma by western blot assay. Second, the authors detected the cellular localization of MyD88, TRIF and NF-κB in vascular walls of patients with TAO by immunofluorescent assay. Results The protein expressions of MyD88, TRIF and NF-κB were much higher in vascular walls of TAO patients (p < 0.05). Higher expressions of MyD88 and NF-κB were detected both on vascular endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells of TAO patients. However, higher expression of TRIF was just detected on vascular smooth muscle cells of TAO patients. Conclusions These dates suggest that the TLR signaling pathway might play an important role in the pathogenesis of TAO, it might induce vasospasm, vasculitis and thrombogenesis to lead to the pathogenesis and progression of TAO.

Morphological Description of the Early Events during the Invasion of Acanthamoeba castellanii Trophozoites in a Murine Model of Skin Irradiated under UV-B Light.

Skin infections have been associated with Acanthamoeba, nevertheless the events during skin invasion and UV-B light effects on it are unknown. The early morphological events of Acanthamoeba castellanii skin invasion are shown in SKH-1 mice that were chronically UV-B light irradiated. Mice that developed skin lesions (group 1) were topical and intradermally inoculated with A. castellanii trophozoites and sacrificed 48 h or 18 days later. Mice that showed no skin lesions (group 2) were intradermally inoculated and sacrificed 24, 48 or 72 h later. Mice ventral areas were considered controls with and without trophozoites intradermally inoculated. Skin samples were processed by histological and immunohistochemistry techniques. In group 1, trophozoites were immunolocalized in dermal areas, hair cysts, sebaceous glands, and blood vessels, and collagen degradation was observed. One of these mice shown trophozoites in the spleen, liver, and brain. In group 2, few trophozoites nearby collagenolytic activity zones were observed. In control samples, nor histological damage and no trophozoites were observed. Adherence and collagenolytic activity by A. castellanii were corroborated in vitro. We can infer that UV-B light irradiated skin could favor A. castellanii invasiveness causing damage in sites as far away as the brain, confirming the invasive capacity and pathogenic potential of these amphizoic amoebae.

Experimental toxicity of Aeromonas spp. In mouse’s small intestine: Ultrastructural aspects / Aspectos ultraestructurales de la toxicidad experimental producida por Aeromonas spp. En el intestino delgado de ratón / Aspectos ultra-estruturais da toxicidade experimental produzida por Aeromonas spp. No intestino delgado de rato

Ultrastructural aspects of mouse small intestinal tissue cultures infected with Aeromonas spp. strains are described. High resolution light and transmission electron microscopy were used to assess the bacterial pathogenic mechanism, the ultrastructural changes that take place during the colonization of the intestinal tract and the interaction of Aeromonas spp. with the host epithelium. After 24h of culture, chains of vesicles were seen on the outer surface of the Aeromonas’ membrane. The vesicles were also found on the enterocyte surface. After 48h of culture, lysis of the epithelial intestinal cells, mononuclear phagocytic cells, phagocytic eosinophils and phagocyted Aeromonas were observed.

Se describen aspectos ultraestructurales del tejido intestinal de ratón cultivado e infectado con Aeromonas spp. Se utilizó microscopía de luz de alta resolución y microscopía electrónica de transmisión para evaluar los mecanismos patogénicos bacterianos, los cambios ultraestructurales que ocurren durante la colonización del tracto intestinal por Aeromonas spp. y la interacción de éstas con el epitelio huésped. En los cultivos de 24h se observaron vesículas distribuidas en cadenas sobre la superficie de la membrana externa de las Aeromonas. Estas vesículas se observaron unidas a la superficie del enterocito. En los cultivos de 48h se observó lisis de la superficie epitelial del intestino, migración de células fagocíticas mononucleares y presencia en la cavidad intestinal de eosinófilos fagocíticos, algunos conteniendo Aeromonas en su interior.

Descrevem-se aspectos ultra-estruturais do tecido intestinal de rato cultivado e infectado com Aeromonas spp. Utilizaram-se microscopia de luz de alta resolução e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão para avaliar os mecanismos patogênicos bacterianos, As mudanças ultra-estruturais que ocorrem durante a colonização do tracto intestinal por Aeromonas spp. e a interação destas com o epitélio hospede. Nos cultivos de 24h se observaram vesículas distribuídas em cadeias sobre a superfície da membrana externa das Aeromonas. Estas vesículas se observaram unidas à superfície do enterócito. Nos cultivos de 48h se observou lise da superfície epitelial do intestino, migração de células fagocíticas mononucleares e presença na cavidade intestinal de eosinófilos fagocíticos, alguns contendo Aeromonas no seu interior.