Biofunctional components and bacterial dynamics of enzymatic and fermentatively prepared rohu (Labeo rohita) egg sauce.

The present study focused on preparing rohu egg sauce using optimized conditions through enzymatic and fermentative methods. The enzymatic preparation of rohu egg sauce (ERS) involved homogenizing the eggs in water at a ratio of 1:0.9 (w/v), followed by the addition of salt (20% w/w) and papain (3% w/w). A mixture containing salt (25% w/w), sugar (7.5% w/w), and inoculum (10% (w/v)) of Pediococcus pentosaceus FSBP4-40 was utilized to prepare fermentatively produced rohu egg sauce (FRS). ERS and FRS were then stored at room temperature (25 ± 2 °C) and 37 °C for 180 days. After storage, both sauces were evaluated for their scavenging activity against DPPH, ABTS, and superoxide anion (SOA). The ERS demonstrated significantly higher DPPH, ABTS, and SOA scavenging activity compared to the FRS, with values of 61.61 ± 7.33%, 71.21 ± 2.14%, and 85.11 ± 4.92%, respectively, as opposed to 37.49 ± 5.34, 52.31 ± 1.76%, and 63.09 ± 2.31%. Significant changes were observed in the fatty acid profile of the sauces during 180 day storage. Furthermore, after 180 days, the bacterial counts in the FRS were much lower than in the ERS. Overall, this study highlights the importance of using enzymes and LAB in accelerating the hydrolytic process to produce biofunctional rohu egg sauce.

Effect of glycine and Pediococcus pentosaceus R1 combined application on the physicochemical properties, oxidative stability, and taste profile of Harbin dry sausages.

This study investigated the effects of the application of glycine (Gly) and Pediococcus pentosaceus R1(Pp), alone or in combination, on the physicochemical properties, oxidative stability, and taste quality of Harbin dry sausages. The results demonstrated that after nine days of fermentation, the Gly + Pp group exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) lower moisture content (19.04%), water activity (0.686), and pH (4.78) values, alongside notably (P < 0.05) higher lactic acid bacteria count (8.11 log CFU/g sausage) and redness value (17.2), compared to the other three groups (P < 0.05). In addition, the dry sausages in the Gly + Pp group exhibited the lowest peroxide value (0.34 meq/kg sausage), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (0.46 MAD/kg sausage), and protein carbonyl content (1.26 nmol/kg protein) during fermentation, followed by the Gly group, Pp group, and control group. Electronic tongue (e-tongue) and sensory evaluations revealed that the combined treatment with P. pentosaceus R1 and Gly resulted in superior taste characteristics. Besides, partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis illustrated that the taste qualities characterized using the e-tongue were accordant with the sensory evaluation consequences, and total free amino acids (FAAs) and organic acids contributed to the dry sausages' taste properties. In conclusion, the combined application of Gly and P. pentosaceus R1 enhanced the physicochemical properties, oxidative stability, and taste profile of Harbin dry sausages.

Eliminating Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Using Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB).

Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, among intestinal bacteria, have lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which induces inflammation of human intestines. However, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can improve human intraintestinal conditions. One reason is that ingestion of LAB prevents bacterial diarrhea. This chapter describes a method of LPS elimination using lactic acid bacteria (LAB). First, the LPS concentration is assayed using an LPS assay kit with the limulus cascade reaction made by limulus amebocyte lysate. Some LABs, four bacillus strains and one coccus strain, have LPS-elimination activity. Particularly, the coccus strain Pediococcus pentosaceus eliminates LPS to 43%. The cells fractionate and eliminate four fractions: the extracellular fraction, cell membrane fraction, cytoplasm fraction, and cell wall fraction. Only the cell wall digesting fraction eliminates LPS to 45%. Results confirm that the LAB eliminates all LPS having O-antigen under a low-sugar medium condition at temperatures of 15-30 °C. This method can be used for assay of LPS elimination by LABs exactly and easily for the probiotics field.

Separation of Lactic Acid Bacteria Using Blue-Native (BN) Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) and Analyses of Lipopolysaccharide-Elimination Protein.

Some gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. among intestinal bacteria might induce inflammation of human intestines. However, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) display anti-inflammatory activity, which improves the intestinal environment. Particularly, the cell surface protein on Pediococcus pentosaceus exhibits high LPS elimination activity, which is expected to provide anti-inflammatory activity in the intestines. This chapter describes that surface proteins are separable using Blue-Native PAGE, which relies upon the theory that protein binds with Coomassie brilliant blue to produce a negative charge for easy separation.

Probiotic and immunostimulating effects of live and heat-killed Pediococcus pentosaceus TAP041.

The selected strain, TAP041, showing an excellent ability to reduce the glyoxal and methylglyoxal levels, was identified by 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis as Pediococcus pentosaceus. It demonstrated probiotic properties, including acid, bile salt, pancreatin, lysozyme tolerance, gut adhesion, and auto/coaggregation. In RAW264.7 macrophages, both live and heat-killed strains induced nitric oxide production and activated inducible nitric oxide synthase. RAW264.7 treated with P. pentosaceus TAP041 increased the expression level of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, and cyclooxygenase-2, and regulated the expression of c-Jun amino-terminal kinase, p38, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. These findings suggest that both live and heat-killed P. pentosaceus TAP041 can be used as potential immunostimulatory agents in functional food additives. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-024-01530-2.

Fish gut-derived probiotic Pediococcus pentosaceus alleviates gossypol-induced intestinal inflammation by inhibiting NLRC3/NF-κB/IL-1ß signal pathway in Nile tilapia.

Cottonseed meal (CSM) and cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) serve as protein alternatives to fish meal and soybean meal in the feed industry. However, the presence of gossypol residue in CSM and CPC can potentially trigger severe intestinal inflammation, thereby restricting the widespread utilization of these two protein sources. Probiotics are widely used to prevent or alleviate intestinal inflammation, but their efficacy in protecting fish against gossypol-induced enteritis remains uncertain. Here, the protective effect of Pediococcus pentosaceus, a strain isolated from the gut of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), was evaluated. Three diets, control diet (CON), gossypol diet (GOS) and GOS supplemented with P. pentosaceus YC diet (GP), were used to feed Nile tilapia for 10 weeks. After the feeding trial, P. pentosaceus YC reduced the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the proximal intestine (PI) and distal intestine (DI). Following a 7-day exposure to Aeromonas hydrophila, the addition of P. pentosaceus YC was found to increase the survival rate of the fish. P. pentosaceus YC significantly inhibited the oxidative stress caused by gossypol, which was evidenced by lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as higher activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in PI and DI. Addition of P. pentosaceus YC significantly inhibited enteritis, with the lower expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (il-1ß, il-6, il-8) and higher expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines tgf-ß. RNA-seq analysis indicated that P. pentosaceus YC supplementation significantly inhibited nlrc3 and promoted nf-κb expression in PI and DI, and the siRNA interference experiment in vivo demonstrated that intestinal inflammation was mediated by NLRC3/NF-κB/IL-1ß signaling pathway. Fecal bacteria transplantation experiment demonstrated that gut microbiota mediated the protective effect of P. pentosaceus YC. These findings offer valuable insights into the application of P. pentosaceus YC for alleviating gossypol-induced intestinal inflammation in fish.

Impact of Pediococcus pentosaceus YF01 on the exercise capacity of mice through the regulation of oxidative stress and alteration of gut microbiota.

Using treadmill training, this study replicated human exercise conditions and triggered exercise-induced fatigue in mice to examine the potential of Pediococcus pentosaceus YF01 in delaying this fatigue by regulating oxidative stress and its impact on the exercise capacity and gut microbiota of mice. The exercise capacity of mice was tested by conducting exhaustion tests, determining histopathological changes in mouse tissues, detecting the levels of serum biochemical markers, and evaluating the mRNA expression levels of relevant genes. YF01 prolonged the exhaustion time of mice, increased the serum levels of oxidative stress-related markers T-AOC, CAT, and GSH, as well as GLU and LA levels in the mice. YF01 decreased the levels of hepatic-related markers AST and ALT, as well as exercise-related markers LDH, BUN, UA, and CRE in the mice. YF01 upregulated the mRNA expression of MyHc I, SIRT1, and PGC in muscle tissues, as well as SOD1, SOD2, and CAT in both liver and muscle tissues. YF01 also downregulated the mRNA expression of MyHc IIa, MyHc IIb, and MyHc IIx in muscle tissues. Furthermore, YF01 increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Lachnospiraceae in the gut microbiota of mice. In conclusion, P. pentosaceus YF01 may affect the exercise capacity of mice by modulating oxidative stress levels, thereby offering novel ideas for developing of sports science and human health.

Pediococcus pentosaceus PP34 Ameliorates 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Intestinal Mucositis via Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Restoring the Gut Microbiota.

Chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis based on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) slows down the progress of cancer treatment and causes significant suffering to patients. Pediococcus pentosaceus (P. pentosaceus), as a type of LAB, has a range of probiotic properties, including antioxidant, immune benefits, and cholesterol-lowering effects, which are attracting increasing attention. However, studies on the protective effect of P. pentosaceus against chemotherapeutic-induced intestinal mucositis caused by 5-FU remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential relieving effects of P. pentosaceus PP34 on 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis and its mechanism. In the present study, a P. pentosaceus PP34 solution (2 × 109 CFU/mL) was administered daily by gavage followed by intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU to model intestinal mucositis. The body weight, serum biochemical indices, jejunal pathological organization, and expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in the jejunum were examined. The results indicated that the mice induced with 5-FU developed typical intestinal mucositis symptoms and histopathological changes with intense inflammatory and oxidative responses. Moreover, the gut microbiota was disturbed, while PP34 effectively decreased the oxidative reactions and the expression levels of inflammatory mediators and regulated the gut microbiota in 5-FU-exposed mice. Taken together, the study indicated that P. pentosaceus PP34 ameliorates 5-Fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis via inhibiting oxidative stress and restoring the gut microbiota.

Pediococcus pentosaceus MIANGUAN2 Alleviates Influenza Virus Infection by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Enhancing Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production.

Influenza, a severe respiratory disease caused by the influenza virus, has long been a prominent threat to human health. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that oral administration with probiotics may increase the immune response to lung infection via the gut-lung axis leading to the alleviation of the pulmonary disease. In this study, we evaluated the effects of oral administration of Pediococcus pentosaceus MIANGUAN2 (MIANGUAN2) on influenza infection in a mouse model. Our results showed that oral administration of MIANGUAN2 significantly improved weight loss, lung index, and lung pathology, and decreased lung viral load of influenza-infected mice. Additionally, MIANGUAN2-treated mice showed significantly lower levels of TNF-α, IL-1ß, IFN-γ, and IL-12p70 and higher production of IL-4 in the lung. In accordance with this, the transcriptome analysis of the lung indicated that MIANGUAN2-treated mice had reduced expression of inflammation markers, such as TNF, apoptosis, and the NF-Kappa B pathway. Furthermore, the administration of MIANGUAN2 restored the SCFAs profiles through regulating the gut microbiota. SCFA-producing bacteria, such as p_Firmicutes, f_Lachnospiraceae, and f_Ruminococcaceae, were enriched in the MIANGUAN2-treated group compared with PBS-treated group. Consistently, the concentrations of SCFAs in the MIANGUAN2 group were significantly higher than those in the PBS-treated group. In addition, the concentrations of SCFAs were positively correlated with SCFA-producing bacteria, such as Ruminococcus, while being negatively correlated with the virial titers and proinflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, this animal study suggests that Pediococcus pentosaceus MIANGUAN2 may alleviate the influenza infection by altering the gut microbiota composition and increasing the levels of gut microbiota-derived SCFAs.

Influence of Pediococcus pentosaceus GT001 on Performance, Meat Quality, Immune Function, Antioxidant and Cecum Microbial in Broiler Chickens Challenged by Salmonella typhimurium.

This study evaluated the effects of Pediococcus pentosaceus GT001 on Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)-challenged broiler chickens. Two hundred Ross 708 broiler day-old chicks with comparable weight were distributed at random into four treatments with five replicates and ten chicks per replicate. The following were the treatment groups: (B) basal diet (control); (B + S) basal diet and birds were challenged with S. typhimurium at 1.0 × 107 cfu/g; (B + P) basal diet + Pediococcus pentosaceus GT001 at 4.0 × 108 cfu/g; (B + P + S) basal diet + P. pentosaceus GT001 at 4.0 × 108 cfu/g and birds were challenged with S. typhimurium at 1.0 × 107 cfu/g. There was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the body weight of the Salmonella-infected birds compared to the other treatment groups. However, the FCRs of the broilers were comparable among the different treatment groups (p > 0.05). The lipid profile and liver function indices measured were significantly enhanced in the P. pentosaceus GT001-supplemented groups (B + P and B + P + S) compared to the group that was Salmonella-challenged (p < 0.05) but were similar to those in the control group. The serum antioxidant activities, such as the T-AOC, SOD, CAT, GHS-Px and MDA, were significantly improved in the P. pentosaceus GT001-supplemented groups (B + P and B + P + S) (p < 0.05). The MDA was similar in the B + P and B + P + S groups, but both were significantly lower than the control and the Salmonella groups. The administration of P. pentosaceus GT001 enhanced the lipase and amylase levels in both the serum and intestine of the broilers (p < 0.05). The immunoglobin (IgA, IgG, IgM) and cytokine (IL-10 and IL-6) levels in the serum were significantly higher in the B, B + P and B + P + S treatment groups (p < 0.05). The immune-related organs (bursa and spleen) were significantly influenced in the birds fed with P. pentosaceus GT001. No significant variation was noted among all the dietary treatments in terms of the measured meat quality indices. The small intestinal digesta content of the Salmonella load was below a detectable range after 14 days of infection (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed among the different treatment groups in terms of the breast pH, drip loss and meat color (p > 0.05). The inclusion of P. pentosaceus GT001 also modified the community structure in the cecum. This indicates that it has health benefits and could be incorporated in the broiler diet.

The effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 3-19 and Pediococcus pentosaceus 18-1 on preventing the accumulation of biogenic amines and promoting the production of volatile organic compounds during sour meat fermentation.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are frequently used in meat fermentation, and mixed stater cultures are reported to perform better than single ones. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 3-19 and Pediococcus pentosaceus 18-1 were chosen from 28 sour-meat-origin strains to examine the effects of single and combined inoculation on sour meat quality. Natural fermentation was used as a control to investigate changes in pH, water activity (aw), amino acid nitrogen (AN), texture, microbial diversity, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during fermentation. The pH and aw of each inoculation group were significantly decreased, and AN content was significantly increased. The inoculation of P. pentosaceus 18-1 significantly reduced putrescine, cadaverine, and tryptamine content (p < 0.05), while the inoculation of Lpb. plantarum 3-19 significantly reduced cadaverine amounts (p < 0.05). At the fermentation endpoint, the total biogenic amines content in the C group was 992.96 ± 14.07, which was 1.65, 2.57, and 3.07 times higher than that in the Lp, Pe, and M groups, respectively. The mixed inoculation group combined the advantages of both strains and decreased total biogenic amines most significantly. At the end of fermentation, the VOCs in C, Lp, Pe, and M groups were 10.11, 11.56, 12.45, and 13.39 times higher than those at the beginning of fermentation. Inoculation promoted the production of key VOCs (OAV > 2000) such as heptanal, octanal, and (E)-2-nonanal. The mixed inoculation group had the highest variety and content of VOCs and the highest content of the above key VOCs, significantly enhancing its fruity, floral, ester, and other aromas. Sensory evaluation indicated that the M group had the best overall acceptability. Finally, it was suggested that a combination of Lpb. plantarum 3-19 and P. pentosaceus 18-1 is a novel and efficient starter culture for processing sour meat since they lower the amounts of biogenic amines in the meat and promote the production of VOCs.

Pediococcus pentosaceus Endocarditis in a Patient With Recent Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation and Liver Cirrhosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is increasingly being used in the management of severe aortic stenosis, mainly in older and/or medically compromised patients, due to its minimally invasive nature. As in any valve replacement procedure, endocarditis is a recognized complication, more so in TAVI patients, in whom comorbidities are highly prevalent. We report the case of a 70-year-old male with a history of liver cirrhosis and a recent TAVI, who presented with recurrent fever and sustainedPediococcus pentosaceus bacteremia. The diagnosis of endocarditis was delayed, as the microorganism was initially discarded as a contaminant, given that Pediococci are rarely described as human pathogens. However, in cirrhotic patients, microbiota may cause intermittent bacteremia and thereby affect prosthetic valves. Transthoracic echocardiography was not helpful in validating the diagnosis, as is often the case in TAVI patients. Transesophageal echocardiography was deemed perilous, due to esophageal varices complicating the underlying cirrhosis. Therefore, endocarditis diagnosis was based on sustained bacteremia and Duke's criteria, including the presence of high fever, a predisposing cardiac lesion, splenic infarction, and the exclusion of an alternative diagnosis. Moreover, cirrhosis enhanced the side effects of treatment and led to the need for regimen changes and prolonged hospitalization. Given the precariousness of the situation, confirmation of treatment success by 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-FDG PET-CT) scan was sought. This is the first reported case of Pediococcus TAVI endocarditis in a cirrhotic patient, highlighting the unique challenges in the diagnosis and management of TAVI endocarditis in patients with co-existing conditions.

Marine Pediococcus pentosaceus E3 Probiotic Properties, Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis, and Safety Assessment.

Probiotics play a significant role in enhancing health, and they are well known for bacteriocins production. Evaluating probiotics' whole-genome sequence provides insights into their consumption outcomes. Thus, genomic studies have a significant role in assessing the safety of probiotics more in-depth and offer valuable information regarding probiotics' functional diversity, metabolic pathways, and health-promoting mechanisms. Marine Pediococcus pentosaceus E3, isolated from shrimp gut, exhibited beneficial properties, indicating its potential as a probiotic candidate. Phenotypically, E3 strain was susceptible to most antibiotics assessed, tolerant to low pH and high bile salt conditions, and revealed no hemolysin activity. Interestingly, E3-neutralized CFS revealed significant antibacterial activity against pathogens under investigation. Therefore, the concentrated CFS was prepared and evaluated as a natural biopreservative and showed outstanding antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, integrated-based genome assessment has provided insight into probiotic characteristics at the genomic level. Whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed that the E3 genome possesses 1805 protein-coding genes, and the genome size was about 1.8 Mb with a G + C content of 37.28%. Moreover, the genome revealed the absence of virulence factors and clinically related antibiotic genes. Moreover, several genes consistent with probiotic microorganisms' features were estimated in the genome, including stress response, carbohydrate metabolism, and vitamin biosynthesis. In addition, several genes associated with survival and colonization within the gastrointestinal tract were also detected across the E3 genome. Therefore, the findings suggest that insights into the genetic characteristics of E3 guarantee the safety of the strain and facilitate future development of E3 isolate as a health-promoting probiotic and source of biopreservative.

Influence of different culture media on the antimicrobial activity of Pediococcus pentosaceus ST65ACC against Listeria monocytogenes.

Pediococcus pentosaceus ST65ACC is a bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from Brazilian artisanal cheese that is capable of inhibiting different food pathogens, mainly Listeria monocytogenes. The production of bacteriocins can be influenced by several growth conditions, such as temperature, pH, and medium composition. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different culture media on the production of bacteriocins and antimicrobial activity of P. pentosaceus ST65ACC on L. monocytogenes Scott A. The strains were inoculated alone and in coculture in four different media: BHI broth, MRS broth, meat broth, and reconstituted skim milk (RSM) 10% (w/v). The culture media were then incubated at 37 °C for 96 h, and count analysis, pH measurement, and bacteriocin production were performed at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. L. monocytogenes was inhibited to nondetectable levels in coculture with P. pentosaceus ST65ACC in MRS broth within 96 h, consistent with the high production of bacteriocin throughout the analysis period (3,200-12,800 AU/mL). However, lower inhibitory activities of P. pentosaceus ST65ACC on L. monocytogenes Scott A were recorded in BHI, RSM, and meat broth, with low or no production of bacteriocins at the analyzed times. The composition of these culture media may have repressed the production and activity of bacteriocins and, consequently, the antagonist activity of P. pentosaceus ST65ACC on L. monocytogenes Scott A. The results showed that the antimicrobial activity was more effective in MRS broth, presenting greater production of bacteriocins and less variability when compared to the other media analyzed.

Genotypic and Phenotypic Characteristics of Lactic Acid Bacteria Associated with Forage Plants in the Native Grassland of Western Inner Mongolia and Their Application for Alfalfa Silage Fermentation.

This study was conducted to investigate the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) associated with forage plants in the native grassland of western Inner Mongolia and to evaluate their effects on alfalfa silage fermentation. Forage plants and their spontaneous fermentation silages were analysed using culture-based techniques for LAB isolation; the phenotypic properties and 16S rDNA and pheS or rpoA gene sequences of the isolates were evaluated; alfalfa was ensiled with four additive combinations: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum (GI19), Lact. plantarum subsp. plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus (GI19+GI51), GI19 and 20 g/kg fresh matter of sucrose (GI19+S), and GI19+GI51+S, for 60 d. A total of 73 strains belonging to 16 species were isolated. All isolates grew at 5-45 °C and in 3.0% NaCl, and most of them grew in 6.5% NaCl. Enterococcus faecalis and Lact. plantarum were 26.03% and 17.81% of the total isolates, respectively. All additives improved the silage quality, while GI19+S was more effective for alfalfa ensiling with a higher lactic acid content and lower pH, undesirable microorganism counts, and acetic acid and NH3-N contents than remnant additives. In conclusion, the LAB species were diverse, and most of them possessed good cryotolerance and osmotolerance; GI19+S was the optimal inoculant for alfalfa fermentation improvement.

Whole-genome analysis suggesting probiotic potential and safety properties of Pediococcus pentosaceus DSPZPP1, a promising LAB strain isolated from traditional fermented sausages of the Basilicata region (Southern Italy).

Introduction: Many lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains are currently gaining attention in the food industry and various biological applications because of their harmless and functional properties. Given the growing consumer demand for safe food, further research into potential probiotic bacteria is beneficial. Therefore, we aimed to characterize Pediococcus pentosaceus DSPZPP1, a LAB strain isolated from traditional fermented sausages from the Basilicata region of Southern Italy. Methods: In this study, we analyzed the whole genome of the P. pentosaceus DSPZPP1 strain and performed in silico characterization to evaluate its applicability for probiotics and use in the food industry. Results and Discussion: The whole-genome assembly and functional annotations revealed many interesting characteristics of the DSPZPP1 strain. Sequencing raw reads were assembled into a draft genome of size 1,891,398 bp, with a G + C content of 37.3%. Functional annotation identified 1930 protein-encoding genes and 58 RNAs including tRNA, tmRNA, and 16S, 23S, and 5S rRNAs. The analysis shows the presence of genes that encode water-soluble B-group vitamins such as biotin, folate, coenzyme A, and riboflavin. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that the DSPZPP1 strain can synthesize class II bacteriocin, penocin A, adding importance to the food industry for bio-enriched food. The DSPZPP1 genome does not show the presence of plasmids, and no genes associated with antimicrobial resistance and virulence were found. In addition, two intact bacteriophages were identified. Importantly, the lowest probability value in pathogenicity analysis indicates that this strain is non-pathogenic to humans. 16 s rRNA-based phylogenetic analysis and comparative analysis based on ANI and Tetra reveal that the DSPZPP1 strain shares the closest evolutionary relationship with P. pentosaceus DSM 20336 and other Pediococcus strains. Analysis of carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) identified glycosyl transferases (GT) as a main class of enzymes followed by glycoside hydrolases (GH). Our study shows several interesting characteristics of the isolated DSPZPP1 strain from fermented Italian sausages, suggesting its potential use as a promising probiotic candidate and making it more appropriate for selection as a future additive in biopreservation.

Genomic characterization and probiotic potential assessment of an exopolysaccharide-producing strain Pediococcus pentosaceus LL-07 isolated from fermented meat.

BACKGROUND: The genomic information available for Pediococcus pentosaceus is primarily derived from fermented fruits and vegetables, with less information available from fermented meat. P. pentosaceus LL-07, a strain isolated from fermented meat, has the capability of producing exopolysaccharides (EPS). To assess the probiotic attributes of P. pentosaceus LL-07, we conducted whole-genome sequencing (WGS) using the PacBio SequelIIe and Illumina MiSeq platforms, followed by in vitro experiments to explore its probiotic potential. RESULTS: The genome size of P. pentosaceus LL-07 is 1,782,685 bp, comprising a circular chromosome and a circular plasmid. Our investigation revealed the absence of a CRISPR/Cas system. Sugar fermentation experiments demonstrated the characteristics of carbohydrate metabolism. P. pentosaceus LL-07 contains an EPS synthesis gene cluster consisting of 13 genes, which is different from the currently known gene cluster structure. NO genes associated with hemolysis or toxin synthesis were detected. Additionally, eighty-six genes related to antibiotic resistance were identified but not present in the prophage, transposon or plasmid. In vitro experiments demonstrated that P. pentosaceus LL-07 was comparable to the reference strain P. pentosaceus ATCC25745 in terms of tolerance to artificial digestive juice and bile, autoaggregation and antioxidation, and provided corresponding genomic evidence. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed the safety and probiotic properties of P. pentosaceus LL-07 via complete genome and phenotype analysis, supporting its characterization as a potential probiotic candidate.

Draft genome sequencing of Pediococcus pentosaceus strains isolated from cow milk.

We sequenced the genomes of Pediococcus pentosaceus strains MBBL4 and MBBL6, isolated from raw milk samples of healthy cows. The draft genomes of the MBBL4 and MBBL6 were 1,896,831 bp and 1,849,397 bp, respectively, and were fragmented into 58 and 42 contigs, with coverages of 118.2× and 128.7×, respectively.

Assessment of the feed additive consisting of Pediococcus pentosaceus DSM 14021 for all animal species for the renewal of its authorisation (Chr. Hansen A/S).

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the assessment of the application for renewal of Pediococcus pentosaceus DSM 14021, a technological additive for all animal species. The applicant has provided evidence that the additive currently on the market complies with the existing conditions of authorisation. The Panel concluded that the additive remains safe for all animal species, consumers and the environment under the authorised conditions of use. Regarding user safety, the Panel considers that any exposure through skin and respiratory tract is considered a risk. The Panel cannot conclude on the eye irritation potential of the additive due to the lack of data. There is no need for assessing the efficacy of the additive in the context of the renewal of the authorisation.

Minor impact of probiotic bacteria and egg white on Tenebrio molitor growth, microbial composition, and pathogen infection.

The industrial rearing of the yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) for feed and food purposes on agricultural by-products may expose larvae and adults to entomopathogens used as biocontrol agents in crop production. Bacterial spores/toxins or fungal conidia from species such as Bacillus thuringiensis or Metarhizium brunneum could affect the survival and growth of insects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential benefits of a wheat bran diet supplemented with probiotic bacteria and dried egg white on larval development and survival and its effects on the gut microbiome composition. Two probiotic bacterial species, Pediococcus pentosaceus KVL B19-01 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WJB, were added to wheat bran feed with and without dried egg white, as an additional protein source, directly from neonate larval hatching until reaching a body mass of 20 mg. Subsequently, larvae from the various diets were exposed for 72 h to B. thuringiensis, M. brunneum, or their combination. Larval survival and growth were recorded for 14 days, and the bacterial microbiota composition was analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing prior to pathogen exposure and on days 3 and 11 after inoculation with the pathogens. The results showed increased survival for T. molitor larvae reared on feed supplemented with P. pentosaceus in the case of co-infection. Larval growth was also impacted in the co-infection treatment. No significant impact of egg white or of P. pentosaceus on larval growth was recorded, while the addition of Lb. plantarum resulted in a minor increase in individual mass gain compared with infected larvae without the latter probiotic. On day 14, B. thuringiensis was no longer detected and the overall bacterial community composition of the larvae was similar in all treatments. On the other hand, the relative operational taxonomic unit (OTU) abundance was dependent on day, diet, and probiotic. Interestingly, P. pentosaceus was present throughout the experiments, while Lb. plantarum was not found at a detectable level, although its transient presence slightly improved larval performance. Overall, this study confirms the potential benefits of some probiotics during the development of T. molitor while underlining the complexity of the relationship between the host and its microbiome.