The effect of pre-operative biliary drainage in resectable periampullary lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The effect of a pre-operative biliary stent on complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) remains controversial. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We conducted a meta-analysis according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines, and PubMed, Web of Science Knowledge, and Ovid's databases were searched by the end of February 2023. 35 retrospective studies and 2 randomized controlled trials with a total of 12641 patients were included. RESULTS: The overall complication rate of the pre-operative biliary drainage (PBD) group was significantly higher than the no-PBD group (odds ratio [OR] 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22-1.74; p < 0.0001), the incidence of post-operative delayed gastric emptying was increased in patients with PBD compared those with early surgery (OR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.02-1.43; p = 0.03), and there was a significant increase in post-operative wound infections in patients receiving PBD with an OR of 2.2 (95% CI: 1.76-2.76; p < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS: PBD has no beneficial effect on post-operative outcomes. The increase in post-operative overall complications and wound infections urges the exact indications for PBD and against routine pre-operative biliary decompression, especially for patients with total bilirubin < 250 umol/L waiting for PD.

OBJETIVO: El efecto de una endoprótesis biliar pre-operatoria sobre las complicaciones después de la pancreaticoduodenectomía sigue siendo controvertido. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO: Se llevó a cabo un metaanálisis siguiendo las directrices PRISMA y se realizaron búsquedas en PubMed, Web of Science Knowledge y la base de datos de Ovid hasta finales de febrero de 2023. Se incluyeron 35 estudios retrospectivos y 2 ensayos controlados aleatorizados, con un total de 12,641 pacientes. RESULTADOS: La tasa global de complicaciones del grupo drenaje biliar pre-operatorio (PBD) fue significativamente mayor que la del grupo no-PBD (odds ratio [OR]: 1.46; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95%]: 1.22-1.74; p < 0.0001), la incidencia de vaciado gástrico retardado posoperatorio fue mayor en los pacientes con PBD en comparación con los de cirugía precoz (OR: 1.21; IC95%: 1.02-1.43; p = 0.03), y hubo un aumento significativo de las infecciones posoperatorias de la herida en los pacientes que recibieron PBD (OR: 2.2; IC 95%: 1.76-2.76; p < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONES: El drenaje biliar pre-operatorio no tiene ningún efecto beneficioso sobre el resultado posoperatorio. El aumento de las complicaciones posoperatorias globales y de las infecciones de la herida urge a precisar las indicaciones de PBD y a desaconsejar la descompresión biliar pre-operatoria sistemática, en especial en pacientes con bilirrubina total inferior a 250 µmol/l en espera de pancreaticoduodenectomía.

Efetividade da terapia Reiki para ansiedade pré-operatória na cirurgia cardíaca: ensaio clínico randomizado / Efectividad de la terapia de reiki para ansiedad preoperatoria en cirugía cardíaca: ensayo clínico aleatorizado / Effectiveness of Reiki therapy for preoperative anxiety in cardiac surgery: a randomized clinical trial

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a efetividade de um protocolo de Reiki nos níveis de ansiedade no período pré-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca. Métodos Ensaio clínico controlado e randomizado realizado em um hospital universitário de referência em cardiologia entre junho e dezembro de 2021. Foi realizada randomização em bloco e alocação por sorteio com envelopes selados opacos em dois grupos: Controle (n=44; não submetido a intervenção) e Intervenção (n=44; submetido a duas sessões de Reiki três dias antes e na véspera da cirurgia). Os desfechos principais (ansiedade, bem-estar e tensão muscular) foram avaliados ao longo das sessões usando um modelo de efeitos mistos. Para avaliar o tamanho do efeito foram calculados os valores parciais de eta quadrado (η2p). Resultados Foram determinadas as diferenças nos escores de ansiedade (+2,7 pontos a mais para o controle), bem-estar (-0,78) e tensão muscular (1,27), sendo consideradas estatisticamente significativas (p<0,001). Na análise do tamanho do efeito, o experimento distinguiu melhor a variação na variável ansiedade (η2p=0,74) que nas outras duas variáveis (η2p=0,14; η2p=0,23). Conclusão O estudo oferece evidência favorável para efetividade do Reiki no controle da ansiedade pré-operatória de cirurgia cardíaca.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la efectividad de un protocolo de reiki en los niveles de ansiedad en el período preoperatorio de cirugías cardíacas. Métodos Ensayo clínico controlado y aleatorizado, realizado en un hospital universitario de referencia en cardiología entre junio y diciembre de 2021. La aleatorización se realizó por bloques y la asignación por sorteo con sobres cerrados opacos en dos grupos: Control (n=44, sin intervención) y Experimental (n=44, sometidos a dos sesiones de reiki, una tres días antes y otra en la víspera de la cirugía). Los criterios de valoración principales (ansiedad, bienestar y tensión muscular) fueron evaluados a lo largo de las sesiones, mediante un modelo de efectos mixtos. Para evaluar el tamaño del efecto se calcularon los valores parciales de eta cuadrado (η2p). Resultados Se observaron diferencias en la puntuación de ansiedad (+2,7 puntos más en el grupo de control), bienestar (-0,78) y tensión muscular (1,27), consideradas estadísticamente significativas (p<0,001). En el análisis del tamaño del efecto, el estudio percibió mejor la variación en la variable ansiedad (η2p=0,74) que en las otras dos variables (η2p=0,14; η2p=0,23). Cirugía El estudio ofrece evidencias favorables para la efectividad del reiki en el control de la ansiedad preoperatoria de cirugías cardíacas. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos: RBR-2nhgvn6

Abstract Objective To assess the effectiveness of a Reiki protocol on anxiety levels in the preoperative period of cardiac surgery. Methods This is a controlled and randomized clinical trial carried out in a university reference hospital in cardiology between June and December 2021. Chunk randomization and allocation by draw with opaque sealed envelopes were carried out in two groups: Control (n=44; not subjected to intervention); and Intervention (n=44; submitted to two Reiki sessions three days before and the day before surgery). The main outcomes (anxiety, well-being and muscle tension) were assessed across sessions using a mixed effects model. To assess the effect size, partial eta squared (η2p) values were calculated. Results Differences in anxiety scores (+2.7 points more than the control), well-being (-0.78) and muscle tension (1.27) were determined, being considered statistically significant (p<0.001). In analyzing the effect size, the experiment better distinguished the variation in the anxiety variable (η2p=0.74) than in the other two variables (η2p=0.14; η2p=0.23). Conclusion The study offers favorable evidence for the effectiveness of Reiki in controlling preoperative anxiety after cardiac surgery. Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry: RBR-2nhgvn6

Consulta pré-cirúrgica de enfermagem: a informação a transmitir ao utente submetido a cirurgia ambulatória / Pre-surgical nursing consultation: the information to be given to patients undergoing outpatient surgery

Este relatório final de Estágio de Natureza Profissional (ENP) tem por objetivo desenvolver um relato fundamentado e reflexivo, que permita espelhar as atividades desenvolvidas no contexto de estágio, que levaram à aquisição e desenvolvimento de Competências em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica, mais especificamente, na área de enfermagem à pessoa em situação crítica. O ENP surge como complemento da formação académica decorrente da componente de especialização, no âmbito do Curso de Mestrado em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica, da Escola Superior de Saúde do Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo. Este ENP foi realizado numa Unidade de Cirurgia Ambulatória pertencente a um Centro Hospitalar do Norte de Portugal. O contexto em que este decorreu contribuiu com um vasto leque de experiências, que propiciaram a concretização dos objetivos propostos, nomeadamente a aquisição das competências nos diferentes domínios da especialidade em Enfermagem Médico- Cirúrgica. Estas incluem o desenvolvimento da componente de investigação, inerente também ao percurso académico do Curso de Mestrado. Nesta área, foi desenvolvido o estudo sobre a informação a transmitir ao utente na Consulta Pré-Cirúrgica de Enfermagem (CPCE) para preparação do utente submetido a Cirurgia Ambulatória (CA). A CPCE deve ser fundamentada na melhor evidência científica e nos Padrões de Qualidade dos Cuidados de Enfermagem, possuir metodologia própria, proporcionar uma visão holística e personalizar os cuidados de enfermagem, na resposta às necessidades de informação e objetivos do utente (Ordem dos Enfermeiros, 2006). Neste sentido, foi realizado um estudo de Revisão Integrativa da Literatura (RIL), com o objetivo de descrever a evidência científica sobre que informação transmitir ao utente na CPCE, com a finalidade de obter resultados aplicáveis ao contexto de CA. Os resultados da RIL evidenciaram a informação a proporcionar ao utente na CPCE, possibilitando a definição das necessidades informativas do utente. Esta evidência será útil para incorporar num modelo de CPCE e preparação do utente submetido a CA.

This final report of Professional Internship (PI) aims to develop a reasoned and reflective report, which allows to mirror the activities developed in the internship context, which led to the acquisition and development of Competencies in Medical-Surgical Nursing, more specifically, in the area of nursing to the person in critical situation. The PI comes as a complement to the academic training resulting from the specialization component, within the scope of the Master's Course in Medical-Surgical Nursing, at the Escola Superior de Saúde of the Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo. This PI was carried out in an Ambulatory Surgery Unit belonging to a Hospital Center in the North of Portugal. The context in which it took place contributed with a wide range of experiences, which enabled the achievement of the proposed objectives, namely the acquisition of skills in the different fields of the specialty in Medical-Surgical Nursing. These include the development of the research component, which is also inherent to the academic path of the Master's Course. In this area, a study was carried out on the information to be transmitted to the patient in the Pre-Surgical Nursing Consultation (PSNC) to prepare the patient undergoing Ambulatory Surgery (AS). The PSNC must be based on the best scientific evidence and the quality standards of nursing care, have its own methodology, provide a holistic view and personalize nursing care, in response to the patient's information needs and objectives (Order of Nurses, 2006). In this sense, an Integrative Literature Review (ILR) study was carried out, with the aim of describing the scientific evidence on what information to transmit to the patient in PSNC, with the aim of obtaining results applicable to the context of AS. The results of the ILR highlighted the information to be provided to the patient in the PSNC, enabling the definition of the patient's information needs. This evidence will be useful to incorporate into a PSNC model and preparation of the patient undergoing AS.

Abordagem da anemia em situações específicas na mulher: importância e evidências para a tomada de decisão / Specific Anemia Management in Women: Significance and Evidence-Based Decision-Making

A Organização Mundial de Saúde estima que aproximadamente 30% das mulheres na menacme apresentam anemia ferropriva, com implicações significativas para a saúde e a qualidade de vida delas. A anemia é definida com base nos níveis de hemoglobina e pode variar em gravidade. Essa condição resulta em comprometimento da capacidade de transporte de oxigênio, exigindo mecanismos compensatórios do organismo. Além disso, pacientes que enfrentam perda sanguínea aguda e crônica e distúrbios hemorrágicos estão em risco elevado de desenvolver anemia. O Programa Patient Blood Management (PBM) surge como uma abordagem centrada no paciente, enfocando deficiência de ferro, anemia, coagulopatia e perda de sangue. O Patient Blood Management propõe a otimização da gestão do sangue do paciente, evitando transfusões desnecessárias e promovendo uma abordagem mais conservadora. Este artigo aborda a relevância da deficiência de ferro durante a gestação e a menacme, bem como as estratégias de tratamento no período pré-operatório. A suplementação de ferro, seja por via oral ou endovenosa, é fundamental para tratar a anemia ferropriva, enquanto as hemotransfusões são reservadas para casos mais graves. A abordagem sistemática da anemia é crucial para garantir melhores desfechos em cirurgias ginecológicas e no período gestacional. A suplementação de ferro, principalmente via intravenosa, surge como uma opção terapêutica eficaz e rápida, enquanto a hemotransfusão, apesar de útil em situações específicas, apresenta riscos associados que devem ser cautelosamente avaliados.

Analysis of muscle mass by computed tomography in patients with head and neck cancer: a prospective study / Análise da massa muscular por tomografia computadorizada em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço: um estudo prospectivo

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the preoperative muscle mass of patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) with computed tomography (CT), comparing the results obtained through analysis of cross-sectional areas at the level of the third lumbar vertebra (L3) with those obtained through analysis of cross-sectional areas at the levels of the third cervical and fourth thoracic vertebrae (C3 and T4, respectively). Materials and Methods: A total of 63 patients with HNC were evaluated preoperatively. Using CT, we assessed muscle mass at L3, as well as at C3 and T4. Results: Most (73.0%) of the patients had low muscle mass at L3, whereas 50.8% had a normal body mass index. The cross-sectional area at L3 correlated strongly with those at C3 and T4 (r = 0.831 and r = 0.763, respectively; p < 0.001 for both). In addition, the muscle mass index at L3 correlated strongly with those at C3 and T4 (r = 0.781 and r = 0.715, respectively; p < 0.001 for both). Conclusion: Low muscle mass appears to be highly prevalent in patients with HNC. Measurements at C3 and T4 could represent alternative means of assessing muscle mass in such patients.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar e comparar a massa muscular de pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço (CCP) durante o período pré-operatório com tomografia computadorizada (TC), por meio da análise das áreas transversais no nível da terceira vértebra lombar (L3) em comparação com níveis cervical (C3) e torácico (T4). Materiais e Métodos: Sessenta e três pacientes com CCP foram avaliados no pré-operatório. A TC foi utilizada para avaliar a massa muscular de L3, assim como as secções transversais de C3 e T4. Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes (73,0%) tinha baixa massa muscular analisada pela TC de L3, mas índice de massa corpórea normal (50,8%). Também foi observada forte correlação entre as áreas e o índice de massa muscular (IMM) de L3 com C3 (área: r = 0,831, p < 0,001; IMM: r = 0,781, p < 0,001) e T4 (área: r = 0,763, p < 0,001; IMM: r = 0,715, p < 0,001). Conclusão: A baixa massa muscular é altamente prevalente em pacientes com CCP. As análises de TC em C3 e T4 podem representar opção para avaliar a massa muscular em pacientes com CCP.

Trasplante renal en receptor pediátrico: consideraciones y estrategias de evaluación preoperatoria / Renal transplantation in pediatric recipients: Considerations and preoperative assessment strategies

Introducción y objetivo El trasplante renal en la población pediátrica difiere del trasplante en adultos en muchos aspectos. Esta revisión se centrará en los aspectos exclusivos del receptor pediátrico. Material y métodos Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la escasa literatura existente sobre la evaluación preoperatoria del trasplante renal en receptor pediátrico con un enfoque educativo. La búsqueda bibliográfica permitió identificar publicaciones en inglés entre enero de 2000 y octubre de 2022. Los estudios publicados se identificaron mediante búsquedas en las siguientes bases de datos electrónicas: PubMed (Medline), WHO/UNAIDS, Google-Scholar, Semantic-Scholar y Research Gate. En aras de la eficacia y la fiabilidad, se utilizaron ensayos controlados aleatorizados, metaanálisis, revisiones sistemáticas de alta calidad y estudios grandes recientes bien diseñados, si estaban disponibles. Se realizaron búsquedas en internet para obtener información pertinente adicional (definiciones, políticas o directrices). Resultados El manejo de las anomalías urogenitales congénitas y la disfunción del tracto urinario inferior, junto con la evaluación urológica pediátrica preoperatoria óptima para el trasplante renal en niños, se ha abordado según la bibliografía disponible. Adicionalmente, se han mencionado consideraciones particulares relativas al trasplante preventivo y al trasplante de un riñón de tamaño adulto en un lactante o un niño pequeño. Conclusiones Los resultados del trasplante renal en niños han mejorado progresivamente en los últimos 15años. El trasplante de donante vivo emparentado ofrece los mejores resultados, y el trasplante preventivo puede ayudar a evitar la diálisis. Las consideraciones quirúrgicas y médicas, tanto en el tratamiento pretrasplante como en el postrasplante del receptor renal pediátrico, son extremadamente importantes para obtener resultados mejores a corto y a largo plazo (AU)

Introduction and objective Renal transplantation in the pediatric population differs from adults in many aspects. This review will focus on the unique issues of the pediatric recipient. Material and methods A narrative review on the scarce literature regarding preoperative evaluation before kidney transplantation of the paediatric recipient with an educational focus was conducted. The literature search allowed for identification of publications in English from January 2000 to October 2022. Published studies were identified by searching the following electronic databases: PubMed (Medline), WHO/UNAIDS, Google-Scholar, Semantic-Scholar and Research Gate. For efficiency and reliability, recent randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, high quality systematic reviews and large well-designed studies were used if available. Internet searches were conducted for other relevant information (definitions, policies or guidelines). Results Management of congenital urogenital anomalies and lower urinary tract dysfunction along with optimal pediatric urological preoperative assessment for renal transplantation in children is addressed in the light of the available literature. Furthermore, particular considerations including pre-emptive transplantation, transplantation of an adult-size kidney into an infant or small child is discussed. Conclusions Outcomes of renal transplantation in children have shown progressive improvement over the past 15years. Transplantation with living related donor gives the best results and pre-emptive transplantation provides with benefits of avoiding dialysis. Surgical and medical considerations in both the pre-transplant and post-transplant management of the pediatric kidney recipient are extremely crucial in order to achieve better short and long-term results (AU)

Enfermera de práctica avanzada en Programa de Prehabilitación Quirúrgica / The Advanced Practice Nurse in a Surgical Prehabilitation Program

La rehabilitación multimodal engloba una serie de medidas y estrategias preoperatorias, intraoperatorias y posoperatorias, en la que se incluye la prehabilitación quirúrgica como parte de la fase preoperatoria del proceso quirúrgico. Entre los objetivos del Programa de Prehabillitación Quirúrgica destacan: a) mejorar el estado de salud del paciente, interviniendo sobre parámetros modificables de calidad de vida, funcionalidad y comorbilidades que le permitan afrontar la cirugía en condiciones más óptimas; b) reducir las complicaciones posoperatorias; c) disminuir estancia hospitalaria y reingresos; d) reducir costes sanitarios. Este programa está liderado por una enfermera de práctica avanzada que trabaja, de forma colaborativa e interdisciplinar con un internista, para realizar un abordaje integral del paciente, disminuyendo el número de derivaciones a otros especialistas, y consiguiendo una reducción de los tiempos de atención necesarios para su preparación quirúrgica. El Programa de Prehabilitación Quirúrgica se puso en marcha a mediados de 2019 en el Hospital Infanta Cristina (Madrid, España) con inclusión de 25 pacientes. En 2020 se atendieron 144, en 2021 fueron 276 y en 2022 480 pacientes. En estos años se han registrado resultados clínicos relevantes: mejora de la funcionalidad y calidad de vida; disminución de complicaciones, reingresos, días de estancia y necesidad de concentrados de hematíes; así como un ahorro de aproximadamente 400.000 euros.(AU)

Multimodal rehabilitation encompasses a series of preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative measures and strategies, including Surgical Prehabilitation as part of the preoperative stage in the surgical process. Some of the objectives of the Surgical Prehabilitation Program stand out: a) to improve the health status of the patient, with interventions over modifiable parameters of quality of life, functionality and comorbidity, allowing them to face surgery in optimal conditions: n) to reduce postoperative complications; c) to reduce the hospital stay and re-admissions; d) to reduce healthcare costs. This program is led by an Advanced Practice Nurse, working in a collaborative and interdisciplinary way with an Internal Medicine Specialist, for a comprehensive approach to the patient, reducing the number of referrals to other specialists, and achieving a reduction in the times of care required for their surgical preparation. The Surgical Prehabilitation Program was initiated by mid-2019 at the Hospital Infanta Cristina (Madrid, Spain), and included 25 patients. In 2020, 144 patients were managed, 276 in 2021, and 480 patients in 2022. Relevant clinical results have been registered in these years: an improvement in functionality and quality of life; reduction in complications, readmissions, hospitalization days, and need for packed red blood cells; as well as savings of approximately 400,000 euros.(AU)

Implementación de una app de cuidados perioperatorios en cirugía torácica electiva / Implementation of a perioperative care App in elective thoracic surgery

Introducción: La inconsistencia en el diseño e implementación de los programas de cuidados perioperatorios limita su universalización, y es aquí donde las tecnologías en salud pueden estandarizar estos procesos. El objetivo del estudio es crear una app para smartphone con un programa de cuidados perioperatorios, implementarla en un grupo de pacientes programados para un procedimiento quirúrgico torácico y evaluar su utilización. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo y descriptivo. Se creó una app (Fissios App) que contiene 40 recomendaciones perioperatorias y un programa de 10 ejercicios de fisioterapia respiratoria. A los pacientes se les recomendó utilizarla antes y después de la cirugía; para medir su utilización se creó y se aplicó un cuestionario. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables de los pacientes, las respuestas del cuestionario y se evaluó su asociación. Resultados: Se incluyeron 131 pacientes, el 60,3% eran varones con una mediana de edad de 62 años (51-71), y el 26,72% habían completado estudios secundarios. El 89,3% resaltaron la facilidad para descargar y configurar la app. Más del 90% de los pacientes valoraron positivamente la claridad para explicar los ejercicios respiratorios y las recomendaciones perioperatorias. Ciento cuatro (79,4%) pacientes destacaron la contribución del uso de la app para afrontar el postoperatorio. Conclusiones: Se creó una app (Fissios App) con un programa de cuidados perioperatorios y se implementó satisfactoriamente sin importar la edad ni el nivel educativo de los pacientes. La herramienta explica claramente la información contenida, y su uso antes de la cirugía les ayudó a afrontar el postoperatorio, con un nivel adecuado de exigencia física y de tiempo de uso. (AU)

Introduction: The design and implementation inconsistency of perioperative care programs limits their universalization, and it is where e-Health can standardize these processes. The objective of the study is to create a Smartphone app with a perioperative care program, implement it in a group of patients scheduled for a thoracic surgical procedure, and evaluates its use. Methods: A prospective and descriptive study. We created a Smartphone app (Fissios App) which contains 40 perioperative recommendations and 10 chest physical exercises. Patients were recommended to use it before and after surgery; to measure its use, we created and applied a questionnaire. A descriptive analysis of patient variables and questionnaire responses was performed and their association evaluated. Results: One hundred fourpatients were included, the 60.3% were men with a median age of 62 years (51-71), and 26.72% had completed high school. The 89.3% of patients highlighted the ease of downloading and setting up the app. More than 90% of patients positively assessed clarity in explaining chest physical exercises and perioperative recommendations. One hundred four (79.4%) patients highlighted the contribution of the use of the app during the preoperative period to face the postoperative period. Conclusions: We created a Smartphone app (Fissios App) with a perioperative care program and it was successfully implemented regardless of the age or educational level of patients. The tool clearly explains the information contained and the patients reported that its use before surgery helped them to face the postoperative period, with an appropriate level of physical demand and time of use. (AU)

Renal transplantation in pediatric recipients: Considerations and preoperative assessment strategies.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Renal transplantation in the pediatric population differs from adults in many aspects. This review will focus on the unique issues of the pediatric recipient. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A narrative review on the scarce literature regarding preoperative evaluation before kidney transplantation of the paediatric recipient with an educational focus was conducted. The literature search allowed for identification of publications in English from January 2000 to October 2022. Published studies were identified by searching the following electronic databases: PubMed (MEDLINE), WHO/UNAIDS, Google-Scholar, Semantic-Scholar and Research Gate. For efficiency and reliability, recent randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, high quality systematic reviews and large well-designed studies were used if available. Internet searches were conducted for other relevant information (definitions, policies or guidelines). RESULTS: Management of congenital urogenital anomalies and lower urinary tract dysfunction along with optimal pediatric urological preoperative assessment for renal transplantation in children is addressed in the light of the available literature. Furthermore, particular considerations including pre-emptive transplantation, transplantation of an adult-size kidney into an infant or small child is discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Outcomes of RT in children have shown progressive improvement over the past 15 years. Transplantation with living related donor gives the best results and pre-emptive transplantation provides with benefits of avoiding dialysis. Surgical and medical considerations in both the pre-transplant and post-transplant management of the pediatric kidney recipient are extremely crucial in order to achieve better short and long-term results.

Revisión sistemática sobre el papel de la 18F-FDG PET/TC preoperatoria para el pronóstico y la estratificación de riesgo en pacientes con cáncer de endometrio / A systematic review about the role of preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT for prognosis and risk stratification in patients with endometrial cancer

objetivo Analizar la literatura disponible sobre el valor pronóstico de los parámetros metabólicos de la 18F-FDG PET/TC preoperatoria y su utilidad en la estratificación de riesgo en pacientes con cáncer de endometrio (CE). Material y métodos En búsquedas de Pubmed se utilizó «(endometr* OR uter*) AND (PET OR FDG)» como palabras clave desde enero-2000 hasta junio-2020. Se revisaron referencias en los artículos incluidos buscando posibles publicaciones no incluidas en la primera búsqueda. Se incluyeron los estudios que evaluaron el valor pronóstico de la 18F-FDG PET/TC preoperatoria y su papel para la estratificación del riesgo en pacientes con CE. Los artículos no originales (revisiones, editoriales, cartas, casos legales, entrevistas, informes de casos, etc.) no fueron incluidos. Resultados Veintiséis estudios (1.918 pacientes) fueron elegidos según los criterios de inclusión en esta revisión. Se incluyeron 13 estudios (939 pacientes) relacionados con el papel pronóstico de la 18F-FDG PET/TC preoperatoria y 14 estudios (1.036 pacientes) relacionados con su papel en la estratificación de riesgo. Parámetros como SUVmáx, volumen tumoral metabólico (VTM) y glicólisis total de lesión (GTL) del tumor primario fueron analizados. Conclusiones El SUVmáx preoperatorio es útil para realizar diagnósticos no invasivos y decidir la estrategia terapéutica adecuada, ya que podría utilizarse como marcador pronóstico independiente de recurrencia y supervivencia en el CE. Además, tanto VTM como GTL preoperatorios podrían ser factores pronósticos independientes para predecir recurrencia y supervivencia, pero, aun no existe suficiente evidencia científica. La utilidad del SUVmáx para la estratificación del riesgo es limitada (no existe literatura suficiente acerca de que la 18F-FDG PET/TC pueda sustituir la estadificación quirúrgica), aunque el VTM y la GTL sí que son más precisos y tienen un valioso papel en la estratificación del riesgo del CE (AU)

Objective To analyse the available literature on the prognostic value of preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters and their usefulness in risk stratification in patients with endometrial cancer (EC). Material and methods Pubmed searches used «(endometr* OR uter*) AND (PET OR FDG)» as keywords from January-2000 to June-2020. References in included articles were checked for possible publications not included in the first search. Studies evaluating the prognostic value of preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT and its role for risk stratification in patients with EC were included. Non-original articles (reviews, editorials, letters, legal cases, interviews, case reports, etc.) were not included. Results Twenty-six studies (1918 patients) were selected according to the inclusion criteria in this review. Thirteen studies (939 patients) related to the prognostic role of preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT and 14 studies (1036 patients) related to its role in risk stratification were included. Parameters such as SUVmax, metabolic tumour volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of the primary tumour were analysed. Conclusions Preoperative SUVmax is useful for non-invasive diagnosis and for deciding the appropriate therapeutic strategy, as it could be used as an independent prognostic marker for recurrence and survival in EC. In addition, both preoperative VTM and GTL could be independent prognostic factors for predicting recurrence and survival, but there is still insufficient scientific evidence. The usefulness of SUVmax for risk stratification is limited (there is insufficient literature that 18F-FDG PET/CT can replace surgical staging), although VTM and GTL are more accurate and have a valuable role in risk stratification of EC. However, larger multicentre studies with adequate follow-up time are needed to confirm these findings (AU)

Implementation of a perioperative care App in elective thoracic surgery.

INTRODUCTION: The design and implementation inconsistency of perioperative care programs limits their universalization, and it is where e-Health can standardize these processes. The objective of the study is to create a Smartphone App with a perioperative care program, implement it in a group of patients scheduled for a thoracic surgical procedure, and evaluates its use. METHODS: A prospective and descriptive study. We created a Smartphone app (Fissios App) which contains 40 perioperative recommendations and 10 chest physical exercises. Patients were recommended to use it before and after surgery; to measure its use, we created and applied a questionnaire. A descriptive analysis of patient variables and questionnaire responses was performed and their association evaluated. RESULTS: One hundred four patients were included, 60.3% were men with a median age of 62 years (51-71), and 26.72% had completed high school. The 89.3% of patients highlighted the ease of downloading and setting up the app. More than 90% of patients positively assessed clarity in explaining chest physical exercises and perioperative recommendations. One hundred four (79.4%) patients highlighted the contribution of the use of the app during the preoperative period to face the postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS: We created a Smartphone app (Fissios App) with a perioperative care program and it was successfully implemented regardless of the age or educational level of patients. The tool clearly explains the information contained and the patients reported that its use before surgery helped them to face the postoperative period, with an appropriate level of physical demand and time of use.

A systematic review about the role of preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT for prognosis and risk stratification in patients with endometrial cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the available literature on the prognostic value of preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters and their usefulness in risk stratification in patients with endometrial cancer (EC). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Pubmed searches used "(endometr* OR uter*) AND (PET OR FDG)" as keywords from January-2000 to June-2020. References in included articles were checked for possible publications not included in the first search. Studies evaluating the prognostic value of preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT and its role for risk stratification in patients with EC were included. Non-original articles (reviews, editorials, letters, legal cases, interviews, case reports, etc.) were not included. RESULTS: Twenty-six studies (1918 patients) were selected according to the inclusion criteria in this review. Thirteen studies (939 patients) related to the prognostic role of preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT and 14 studies (1036 patients) related to its role in risk stratification were included. Parameters such as SUVmax, metabolic tumour volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of the primary tumour were analysed. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative SUVmax is useful for non-invasive diagnosis and for deciding the appropriate therapeutic strategy, as it could be used as an independent prognostic marker for recurrence and survival in EC. In addition, both preoperative VTM and GTL could be independent prognostic factors for predicting recurrence and survival, but there is still insufficient scientific evidence. The usefulness of SUVmax for risk stratification is limited (there is insufficient literature that 18F-FDG PET/CT can replace surgical staging), although VTM and GTL are more accurate and have a valuable role in risk stratification of EC. However, larger multicentre studies with adequate follow-up time are needed to confirm these findings.

Ansiedade no período pré-operatório: uma análise bibliométrica / Anxiety in the preoperative period: a bibliometric analysis / Ansiedad en el periodo preoperatorio: un análisis bibliométrico

Objetivo: caracterizar os indicadores bibliométricos da produção científica disponível em periódicos online que abordam a ansiedade no período pré-operatório. Método: Trata-se de uma análise bibliométrica descritiva com abordagem quantitativa de base documental. Para a busca utilizou-se sete bases de dados, com os descritores "ansiedade" e "período pré-operatório". Realizado análise estatística descritiva simples. Resultados: Foram encontrados 10224 artigos e após análises 148 artigos constituíram-se a amostra do estudo. Conclusão: Os indicadores bibliométricos indicam que a produção científica acerca da ansiedade pré-operatória destaca-se no âmbito nacional e internacional, tendo portanto, predomínio as publicações nacionais no idioma inglês, com sistema de produção em coautoria; o Brasil, os EUA e a Turquia foram os países que mais publicaram, sendo a grande maioria no cenário acadêmico das universidades brasileiras. As publicações foram realizadas por diferentes áreas do conhecimento, com destaque para as áreas médica e de enfermagem, o que indica um caráter interdisciplinar acerca da temática.

Objective: to characterize the bibliometric indicators of science available in online journals that address anxiety in the preoperative period. Method: This is a descriptive bibliometric analysis with a document-based quantitative approach. For the search, seven databases were used, with the descriptors "anxiety" and "preoperative period". Simple descriptive statistical analysis. Results: 10224 articles were found and after analysis 148 articles constituted the study sample. Conclusion: The bibliometric indicators indicate that the scientific production about pre-surgical anxiety stands out at the national and international level, having, therefore, domain of national publications in the English language, with a co-authorship production system; Brazil, the USA and Turkey were the countries that published the most, with the vast majority in the academic scenario of Brazilian universities. The publications were carried out by different areas of knowledge, with emphasis on the medical and nursing areas, which indicates an interdisciplinary character regarding the theme.

Objetivo: Caracterizar los indicadores bibliométricos de la producción científica disponible en revistas online que abordan la ansiedad en el periodo preoperato- rio. Método: Se trata de un análisis bibliométrico descriptivo con un enfoque cuantitativo de base documental. Para a busca utilizou-se sete bases de dados, com os descritores "an- siedade" e "período pré-operatório". Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo simple. Resultados: Fueron encontrados 10224 artículos y después del análisis 148 artículos con- stituyeron la muestra del estudio. Conclusión: Los indicadores bibliométricos indican que la producción científica sobre ansiedad preoperatoria se destaca nacional e internacional- mente, con predominio, por lo tanto, de publicaciones nacionales en inglés, con sistema de producción en coautoría; Brasil, EE.UU. y Turquía fueron los países que más publica- ron, y la gran mayoría en el ámbito académico de universidades brasileñas. Las publica- ciones fueron realizadas por diferentes áreas del conocimiento, especialmente las áreas médica y de enfermería, lo que indica un carácter interdisciplinario sobre el tema.

Protótipo de aplicativo para a educação do paciente antes da revascularização miocárdica / Application prototype for patient education before coronary artery bypass graft surgery / Application prototype for patient education before coronary artery bypass graft surgery / Prototipo de aplicación para la educación de pacientes antes de la revascularización miocárdica

Resumo Objetivo Analisar o conteúdo e usabilidade de um protótipo de aplicativo móvel para apoiar a educação do paciente no pré-operatório de revascularização miocárdica. Métodos Estudo metodológico, quantitativo, baseado no referencial design instrucional contextualizado. Na etapa de análise realizou-se revisão de escopo e um estudo qualitativo com 13 pacientes com a finalidade de identificar o conteúdo para compor o aplicativo. Na etapa de design e desenvolvimento estruturou-se o conteúdo. Durante a implementação, procedeu-se a configuração dos recursos e, na avaliação, utilizou-se a técnica Delphi, com a avaliação do conteúdo a partir dos critérios de Pasquali e a usabilidade do aplicativo por meio do ERGOLIST por 20 juízes na primeira rodada e 16 na segunda. Usou-se, para análise, o coeficiente de validade de conteúdo, considerado válido acima de 0,8 e o percentual de concordância igual ou superior a 80%. Realizou-se o teste binomial em cada item para determinar o nível de significância (p<0,05). Resultados A análise do conteúdo resultou em um coeficiente de validade de conteúdo superior a 0,8 e percentual de concordância superior a 80% em todos os critérios analisados. Já a usabilidade, apresentou percentual superior a 90% em todos os itens. Todos os itens analisados apresentaram significância estatística. O aplicativo OrientaRVM foi composto por 90 telas que formam o menu inicial e nove seções: entenda mais sobre o coração; entenda a sua doença; entenda a cirurgia de ponte de safena ou ponte mamária; cuidados antes da cirurgia; cuidados após a cirurgia; reabilitação e mudanças no estilo de vida; registros do paciente; agenda; quiz. Conclusão O OrientaRVM apresenta conteúdo confiável, funcionalidade adequada e foi recomendado para ser utilizado como recurso auxiliar na educação do paciente antes da revascularização miocárdica.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar el contenido y la usabilidad de un prototipo de aplicación móvil para apoyar la educación de pacientes en el preoperatorio de revascularización miocárdica. Métodos Estudio metodológico, cuantitativo, basado en el marco referencial de diseño instruccional contextualizado. En la etapa de análisis se realizó la revisión de alcance y un estudio cualitativo con 13 pacientes con la finalidad de identificar el contenido para componer la aplicación. En la etapa de diseño y desarrollo se estructuró el contenido. Durante la implementación se realizó la configuración de los recursos y, en la evaluación, se utilizó el método Delphi, con la evaluación del contenido a partir de los criterios de Pasquali y la usabilidad de la aplicación por medio de ERGOLIST por 20 jueces en la primera ronda y 16 en la segunda. Para el análisis se usó el coeficiente de validez de contenido, considerado válido superior a 0,8 y el porcentaje de concordancia igual o superior al 80 %. Se realizó la prueba binominal en cada ítem para determinar el nivel de significación (p<0,05). Resultados El análisis del contenido dio como resultado un coeficiente de validez de contenido superior a 0,8 y porcentaje de concordancia superior al 80 % en todos los criterios analizados. Por otro lado, la usabilidad presentó un porcentaje superior al 90 % en todos los ítems. Todos los ítems analizados presentaron significación estadística. La aplicación OrientaRVM estuvo compuesta por 90 pantallas que forman el menú inicial y nueve secciones: entienda más sobre el corazón; entienda su enfermedad; entienda la cirugía de bypass coronario o puente mamario; cuidados antes de la cirugía; cuidados después de la cirugía; rehabilitación y cambios en el estilo de vida; registros del paciente; agenda; quiz. Conclusión OrientaRVM presenta contenido confiable, funcionalidad adecuada y fue recomendado para su uso como recurso auxiliar en la educación del paciente antes de la revascularización miocárdica.

Abstract Objective To analyze the content and usability of a mobile application prototype to support patient education in the preoperative period of myocardial revascularization. Methods This is a quantitative methodological study based on the contextualized instructional design framework. In the analysis stage, a scoping review and a qualitative study were carried out with 13 patients to identify the content to compose the application. In the design and development stage, content was structured. In the implementation stage, resources were configured. In the assessment stage, the Delphi technique was used, with content assessment from the Pasquali criteria and application usability through the ERGOLIST by 20 judges in the first round and 16 in the second. For analysis, the Content Validity Coefficient was used, considered valid above 0.8 and the percentage of agreement equal to or greater than 80%. The binomial test was performed on each item to determine the significance level (p<0.05). Results Content analysis resulted in a Content Validity Coefficient greater than 0.8 and a percentage of agreement greater than 80% in all analyzed criteria. Usability, on the other hand, presented a percentage greater than 90% in all items. All items analyzed were statistically significant. The OrientaRVM application was composed of 90 screens that form the initial menu and nine sections: understand more about the heart; understand your illness; understand coronary artery bypass graft surgery or breast bypass surgery; care before surgery; care after surgery; rehabilitation and lifestyle changes; patient records; schedule; quiz. Conclusion OrientaRVM presents reliable content, adequate functionality and was recommended to be used as an auxiliary resource in patient education before myocardial revascularization.

Clinical results of combined penetrating keratoplasty and vitreoretinal surgery / Resultados clínicos da combinação de ceratoplastia penetrante e cirurgia vitreorretiniana

ABSTRACT Purpose: The study aimed to assess the anatomical and functional success rates of penetrating keratoplasty with temporary keratoprosthesis-assisted vitreoretinal surgery. Methods: This retrospective study included 15 eyes of 14 patients, recording demographic characteristics, pre-operative anterior and posterior segment pathologies, intraoperative complications, postoperative graft status, retinal attachment, and complications and evaluating anatomical and functional success rates. Results: The mean follow-up period was 29.8 ± 19.1(6-60) months. The most common pre-operative corneal pathology was graft abscess (7 eyes [46.7%]), and the most common diagnosis of the posterior segment was endophthalmitis (7 eyes [46.7%]). Five (33.3%) cases had visual acuity between 0.001-0.08. Pre-operative endophthalmitis was diagnosed in all five cases with anatomical failure.Conclusion: Temporary keratoprosthesis-assisted vitreoretinal surgery with penetrating keratoplasty is an effective method to treat acute/subacute pathologies of the concomitant anterior and posterior segment. However, results may vary on a case-by-case basis. Pre-operative endophthalmitis is a poor prognostic factor for long-term success.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as taxas de sucesso anatômico e funcional da ceratoplastia penetrante associada à cirurgia vitreorretiniana assistida por ceratoprótese temporária. Métodos: Foram incluídos neste estudo retrospectivo 15 olhos de 14 pacientes. Registraram-se as características demográficas, as patologias pré-operatórias dos segmentos anteriores e posteriores, as complicações perioperatórias, a condição pós-operatória do implante e a fixação e as complicações da retina. Foram avaliadas as taxas de sucesso anatômico e funcional. Resultados: O período médio de acompanhamento foi de 29,8 ± 19,1(6-60) meses. A patologia corneana pós-operatória mais comum foi o abscesso do implante (7 olhos, 46,7%) e o diagnóstico mais comum no segmento posterior foi a endoftalmite (7 olhos, 46,7%). Cinco casos (33,3%) mostraram acuidade visual entre 0,001 e 0,08. Foi diagnosticada endoftalmite pré-operatória em todos os 5 casos com insucesso anatômico. Conclusão: A cirurgia vitreorretiniana assistida por ceratoprótese temporária associada à ceratoplastia penetrante é um método eficaz de tratamento de patologias agudas e subagudas concomitantes nos segmentos anterior e posterior. Porém, os resultados podem variar de caso a caso. A endoftalmite pré-operatória é um fator de pior prognóstico de sucesso de longo prazo.

Baros protocol in a university hospital: what is the importance in the postoperative results of bariatric surgery? / Protocolo baros em hospital universitário: qual a importância nos resultados pós-operatórios de cirurgia bariátrica?

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Although bariatric surgery is highly effective for the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities, preoperative weight loss has an impact on its results. AIMS: The aim of this study was to correlate preoperative weight loss with the outcome of bariatric surgery using the Bariatric Analysis and Reporting Outcome System scores. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, observational study with 43 patients undergoing bariatric surgery that compared a group of 25 patients with a percentage of preoperative excess weight loss ³8% with a group of 18 patients with a percentage of preoperative excess weight loss <8% or with weight gain. The research took place at the bariatric surgery outpatient clinic of the Oswaldo Cruz University Hospital with patients 1 year after the surgery. RESULTS: Patients had a mean age of 40.8 years (42.7 percentage of preoperative excess weight loss ≥8% vs. 38.2 percentage of preoperative excess weight loss <8%, p=0.095). No significant difference was found between the two groups regarding preoperative comorbidities and body mass index at entry into the program. Higher preoperative body mass index (48.69 vs. 44.0; p=0.029) was observed in the group with percentage of preoperative excess weight loss <8%. No significant difference was found regarding the percentage of excess weight loss (71.4±15.4%; percentage of preoperative excess weight loss ≥8% vs. 69.47%±14.5 percentage of preoperative excess weight loss <8%; p=0.671), the result of the surgery according to the Bariatric Analysis and Reporting Outcome System scores protocol, the resolution of comorbidities, the quality of life, and the surgical complications between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the available data, it is reasonable that bariatric surgery should not be denied to people who have not achieved pre-established weight loss before surgery.

RESUMO RACIONAL: Apesar da cirurgia bariátrica ser altamente eficaz para o tratamento da obesidade e suas comorbidades, ainda não está bem estabelecido o impacto da perda de peso pré-operatória em seus resultados. OBJETIVOS: Correlacionar a perda de peso pré-operatória com o resultado da cirurgia bariátrica pelos escores do método Bariatric Analysis and Reportig Outcome System. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional transversal com 43 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia bariátrica que comparou um grupo de 25 pacientes com percentual de perda do excesso de peso pré-operatória igual ou maior a 8% com um grupo de 18 pacientes com percentual de perda do excesso de peso pré-operatória menor a 8% ou com ganho de peso. A pesquisa ocorreu no ambulatório de Cirurgia Bariátrica do Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz com pacientes após um ano da cirurgia. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes tinham uma média de idade de 40,8 anos (42,7 percentual de perda do excesso de peso pré-operatória ≥8% vs 38,2 percentual de perda do excesso de peso pré-operatória <8%, p=0.095). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos em relação às comorbidades pré-operatórias e o IMC na entrada do programa. Foi observado maior IMC pré-operatório (48,69 vs 44,0; p=0,029) no grupo com percentual de perda do excesso de peso pré-operatória <8%. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas em relação ao percentual de perda do excesso de peso (71,4±15,4%; percentual de perda do excesso de peso pré-operatória ≥8% vs 69,47±14,5% percentual de perda do excesso de peso pré-operatória <8%, p=0,671), ao resultado da cirurgia pelo protocolo Bariatric Analysis and Reportig Outcome System, a resolução das comorbidades, a qualidade de vida e as complicações cirúrgicas entre os dois grupos. CONCLUSÕES: Com base nos dados disponíveis é condizente que a cirurgia bariátrica não seja negada a pessoas que não atingiram uma perda de peso pré-estabelecida antes da cirurgia.

Coping religioso-espiritual de pacientes no período pré-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca / Coping religioso-espiritual de pacientes en el período preoperatorio de cirugía cardíaca / Religious-spiritual coping of patients in the preoperative period of cardiac surgery

Objetivo: avaliar o coping religioso-espiritual em pacientes no período pré-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca. Método: estudo transversal, analítico, no qual foram avaliados 62 pacientes internados no período pré-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca, entre os meses setembro e dezembro de 2020, em dois hospitais de referência em cirurgia cardíaca no Nordeste do Brasil. Resultados: os pacientes apresentaram um alto uso do coping religioso-espiritual total, com predominância para o positivo. Os principais fatores utilizados para o coping religioso-espiritual positivo foram Posição positiva frente a Deus e Afastamento através Deus/Religião/Espiritualidade. Conclusão: os enfermeiros podem considerar e investir em intervenções que favoreçam o coping positivo, visando repercutir melhor experiência do paciente diante de estressores importantes, como a cirurgia cardíaca.

Objetivo: evaluar el coping religioso-espiritual en pacientes en el período preoperatorio de cirugía cardíaca. Método: estudio transversal, analítico, en el cual fueron evaluados 62 pacientes internados en el período preoperatorio de cirugía cardíaca, entre los meses septiembre y diciembre de 2020, en dos hospitales de referencia en cirugía cardíaca en el nordeste de Brasil. Resultados: los pacientes presentaron un alto uso del coping religioso-espiritual total, con predominio para el positivo. Los principales factores utilizados para el coping religioso-espiritual positivo fueron Posición positiva frente a Dios y Alejamiento a través de Dios/Religión/Espiritualidad. Conclusión: los enfermeros pueden considerar e invertir en intervenciones que favorezcan el afrontamiento positivo, buscando repercutir mejor experiencia del paciente ante estresantes importantes, como la cirugía cardíaca.

Objective: to evaluate the religious-spiritual coping in patients in the preoperative period of cardiac surgery. Method: cross-sectional, analytical study, in which 62 patients hospitalized in the preoperative period of cardiac surgery, between September and December 2020, in two reference hospitals in cardiac surgery in northeastern Brazil, were evaluated. Results: the patients showed a high use of religious-spiritual coping, with predominance for the positive. The main factors used for positive religious-spiritual coping were Positive position towards God and Distancing through God/Religion/Spirituality. Conclusion: nurses can consider and invest in interventions that favor positive coping, aiming to reflect better patient experience in the face of important stressors, such as cardiac surgery.

Actualidades en valoración preoperatoria y riesgo anestésico: un enfoque práctico para cirugía no cardíaca / Currents in preoperative assessment and anesthetic risk: a practical approach on non cardiac surgery

Resumen: Nuevas herramientas han surgido como modelos predictores de riesgo cardiovascular y pulmonar en valoración preoperatoria y riesgo anestésico. Desde el estudio publicado por Goldman en 1977, han surgido diversas escalas ya validadas, predictoras de complicaciones cardiovasculares como el riesgo cardíaco revisado por Lee y las calculadoras del National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP). La valoración de la capacidad funcional es obligatoria, estudios de gabinete como electrocardiograma, radiografía de tórax y, en algunos casos, el uso adecuado de un ecocardiograma, espirometría, entre otros. Las complicaciones pulmonares postoperatorias pueden predecirse basados en el modelo de ARISCAT. En una era en la que las consultas de subespecialistas y el exceso de estudios sólo agregan costo sin mejorar los resultados sustancialmente, los anestesiólogos debemos tomar una responsabilidad clara para la valoración preoperatoria de pacientes quirúrgicos.

Abstract: New tools have emerged as predictive models of cardiovascular and pulmonary risk, in preoperative assessment and anesthetic risk. Since the study published by Goldman in 1977, several scales have already been validated, predictors of cardiovascular complications such as the cardiac risk reviewed by Lee and the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) calculators. The assessment of functional capacity is mandatory, extension studies such as electrocardiogram, chest radiography, and in some cases, the proper use of an echocardiogram, spirometry, among others. Postoperative pulmonary complications can be predicted based on the ARISCAT model. In an era in which subspecialist consultations and overstudies only add cost without substantially improving results, anesthesiologists must take a clear responsibility for the preoperative assessment of surgical patients.

Prevalencia de portación nasal de Staphylococcus aureus sensible y resistente a la meticilina en candidatos a artroplastia total de cadera o rodilla / Prevalence of nasal carriage of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in candidates for total hip or knee arthroplasty

INTRODUCIÓN Las infecciones perioperatorias en cirugía de reemplazo articular son fuente importante de morbimortalidad, así como de altos costos económicos y sociales, tanto para el paciente como para su entorno. La colonización preoperatoria por Staphylococcus aureus ha sido reconocida como un factor de riesgo importante para desarrollar una infección de sitio quirúrgico.El objetivo de este estudio es conocer la prevalencia de portación nasal de S. aureus, tanto sensible a la meticilina (SASM) como resistente a la meticilina (SARM), en pacientes candidatos a cirugía de reemplazo articular de cadera o rodilla. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS Se realizó un estudio observacional de una cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes con indicación de artroplastia total de cadera (ATC) y rodilla (ATR) electiva por artrosis severa en un hospital público de Chile. Los pacientes fueron sometidos a tamizaje preoperatorio de portación, cultivándose muestras obtenidas mediante hisopado de ambas fosas nasales. Los datos del laboratorio fueron recopilados y presentados como porcentaje de portación de S. aureus. RESULTADOS Se estudiaron 303 pacientes consecutivos de ATC y 343 de ATR. En total, 483 de los 646 pacientes (74,7%) tuvieron estudio preoperatorio de portación nasal. Se identificaron 123 pacientes (25,4%) portadores de S. aureus, de los cuales sólo 2 (0,41%) casos correspondieron a SARM. CONCLUSIÓN La prevalencia de portación nasal de S. aureus obtenida fue de 25%, similar a lo reportado en otras series. La prevalencia de SARM (0.41%), sin embargo, estuvo bajo lo descrito en la literatura internacional (0,6­6%). Sería de utilidad, dada la alta prevalencia de portación descrita en nuestro trabajo y de acuerdo a evidencia publicada recientemente, realizar protocolos de descolonización universales, sin necesidad de realizar tamizaje preoperatorio.

INTRODUCTION Surgical-site infections in joint replacement surgery are an important source of morbidity and mortality that entail high economic and social burden both for the patient and their environment. Preoperative colonization by Staphylococcus aureus has been recognized as an important risk factor for the development of surgical-site infection. The aim of the present study is to determine the prevalence of nasal colonization by S. aureus, both methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) in patients who are candidates for total replacement of the hip or knee joints. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective observational study of a cohort of 646 patients with an indication to undergo total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) due to severe osteoarthritis was performed in a Public Hospital in Chile. The patients were submitted to a preoperative screening for S. aureus carriage, and the culture samples were obtained by swabbing both nostrils. The laboratory data was collected and presented as a percentage of carriage. RESULTS We consecutively examined 303 THA and 343 TKA patients. A total of 483 of the 646 patients (74.7%) underwent a preoperative study of nasal carriage. We identified 123 (25.4%) S. aureus carriers, and only found 2 (0.41%) cases corresponding to MRSA. CONCLUSION We found a prevalence of nasal carriage of S. aureus of 25.4%, a rate similar to that reported in other series. The prevalence of MRSA (0.41%), however, was lower than that reported in the international literature (0.6­6%). Given the high prevalence of carriage described in our work and according to recently published data, it would be worthwhile to carry out universal decolonization protocols, without the need for preoperative screening.