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1.
BMC Public Health ; 24(1): 2744, 2024 Oct 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39379902

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Childhood psychological abuse (CPA) is highly associated with depression among college students. However, the underlying mechanisms between these variables need further exploration. This study aims to investigate internet addiction as a mediating factor and alexithymia and its different dimensions as moderating factors, to further complement the psychological mechanisms between CPA and depression among college students. METHODS: A self-report survey was conducted on 625 college students from two universities in Hunan Province, China. The survey included CPA, internet addiction, alexithymia, and depression. Descriptive and correlational analyses were performed on these variables, and a moderated mediation model was constructed. RESULTS: CPA is positively correlated with depression, internet addiction, and alexithymia among college students. Internet addiction partially mediates the relationship between CPA and depression among college students, while alexithymia enhances the relationship between CPA and internet addiction as well as depression among college students. The moderating effect of the different dimensions of alexithymia is inconsistent, with the modulation effect of difficulty in identifying feelings being the strongest. CONCLUSION: This study further elucidates the psychological mechanisms between CPA and depression among college students. Internet addiction serves as a mediating factor, while alexithymia may strengthen the relationship between CPA and internet addiction, as well as between CPA and depression.


Subject(s)
Affective Symptoms , Depression , Internet Addiction Disorder , Students , Humans , Male , Female , Students/psychology , Students/statistics & numerical data , Affective Symptoms/psychology , Affective Symptoms/epidemiology , China/epidemiology , Young Adult , Universities , Internet Addiction Disorder/psychology , Internet Addiction Disorder/epidemiology , Depression/epidemiology , Depression/psychology , Adolescent , Self Report , Adult , Surveys and Questionnaires , Internet
2.
Violence Against Women ; : 10778012241277894, 2024 Sep 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39223964

ABSTRACT

Through life story interviews with victims of psychological abuse, we offer new empirical evidence for a tactic of coercive control: mental health weaponization. Shaped by structural vulnerabilities, mental health weaponization involves three key features: gendered accusations that victims are "crazy" and emotionally unstable; leveraging victims' past traumas against them, particularly that they form "bad" attachments to men; mobilizing victims' mental health diagnoses or symptoms against them to cast them as noncredible. This article enhances our understanding of controlling and abusive tactics in intimate relationships by showing how they are rooted in social inequalities at the intersection of gender and mental health status.

3.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39200655

ABSTRACT

While emerging research is highlighting the significant effects of culture on marital and family relationships, studies investigating relationship intimacy and abuse in non-Western cultures are non-existent. This investigation assessed relationship intimacy in Pakistani women experiencing trauma symptoms (PTSD) from domestic abuse (DA) who received a culturally informed trauma intervention in a context that differs greatly in values and assumptions about marital relationships relative to Western traditions. Forty women meeting inclusion criteria were assessed on domestic violence type and characteristics (both victim and perpetrator characteristics), PTSD symptomology, and three aspects of relationship intimacy: engagement, communication, and shared friendships. PTSD symptomology and relationship intimacy were reassessed post-intervention. Results indicated significant changes in engagement and communication intimacy following the intervention, with engagement decreasing and communication increasing. The third aspect of intimacy, namely, shared friendships, showed no change. Engagement and overall intimacy showed significant negative correlations with physical abuse, though not with sexual or psychological/emotional abuse. These findings are interpreted within a cultural context where women have few options for leaving an abusive relationship. As such, the results highlight the importance of culture when studying facets of intimate relationships and the need to use culturally informed assessments to better understand the experience of intimacy within abusive relationships.


Subject(s)
Domestic Violence , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Humans , Female , Pakistan/ethnology , Adult , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology , Domestic Violence/psychology , Middle Aged , Spouses/psychology , Young Adult , Interpersonal Relations
4.
Eur J Psychotraumatol ; 15(1): 2382651, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39051621

ABSTRACT

Background: The western region of China has a dense population, relatively underdeveloped economy, and a significant number of left-behind children. Currently, the prevalence of adolescent psychological abuse, neglect, and the factors associated with these issues in the region remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate the current status of adolescent psychological abuse and neglect and its associated factors in this region.Methods: Data were collected from 50 schools in western China through cluster sampling to target adolescents aged 12 to 18. A comprehensive survey form was used to collect socio-demographic characteristics of adolescents. The Child Psychological Abuse and Neglect Scale was employed to assess the current psychological abuse and neglect of adolescents. Independent samples t-tests were used for inter-group comparisons. A Directed Acyclic Graph was constructed for controlling confounding variables. Subsequently, binary logistic regression analysis was performed, and a nomogram risk factors model was developed using R Studio.Results: This study included 12,743 teenagers, with an average age of 15.53(±1.39) years. Among them, 4,965 individuals, accounting for 39.0%, reported experiences of psychological abuse, while 4,167 individuals, accounting for 32.7%, reported experiences of neglect. The rates of psychological abuse and neglect in adolescents are influenced by gender, grade, left-behind experience, parental marital status, and living on campus (P < .05).Conclusion: Adolescents in western China exhibit higher rates of psychological abuse and neglect compared to those in the eastern and northern regions of China. Gender, grade, left-behind experience, and family factors significantly influence the psychological abuse and neglect of adolescents.


This study is the first large-scale, multi-centre, cross-sectional analysis of psychological abuse and neglect among youth in Western China, a region with relatively underdeveloped economic and social conditions.This article fills in the gap in the region's research on psychological abuse and neglect by addressing the issues of small sample size, limited coverage, and a lack of variables included.This provides a crucial theoretical foundation for enhancing the mental well-being of youth in this region and preventing psychological and mental illnesses among youth.


Subject(s)
Child Abuse , Humans , Adolescent , China/epidemiology , Male , Female , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Child Abuse/statistics & numerical data , Child Abuse/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Child , Emotional Abuse/statistics & numerical data , Emotional Abuse/psychology , Schools
5.
Am J Epidemiol ; 2024 Jun 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38897985

ABSTRACT

Dating abuse research on lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) populations tends to aggregate LGB participants for comparisons with heterosexuals and often excludes non-assaultive dating abuse and abuse that takes place on online dating applications. In the present study, we used the Pew Research Center's 2019 American Trends Panel Wave 56 dataset (N = 4712) to compare ever experiencing several types of non-assaultive on- and offline dating abuse between bisexual women (n = 402), lesbian women (n = 207), heterosexual women (n = 1802), bisexual men (n = 225), gay men (n = 575), and heterosexual men (n = 1501). We found that gay men and bisexual women generally had the greatest odds of experiencing online dating abuse. Bisexual and heterosexual women had the greatest odds of experiencing some offline abuse (e.g., being touched in an uncomfortable way), but gay men and bisexual women and men had the greatest odds of experiencing other offline abuse (e.g., having their contact information or a sexual image of them shared non-consensually). Findings highlight how assessments of non-assaultive dating abuse in on- and offline contexts via analyses of more specified gender/sex/ual identity groups can broaden understandings of dating abuse victimization, especially among sexual minority populations.

6.
Front Sports Act Living ; 6: 1406949, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38903389

ABSTRACT

The present study offers novel insight into the topic of experienced and observed emotional abuse by researching factors that affect athletes' responses to emotional abuse by coaches. The research aimed to explore three main questions: (1) whether athletic identity was associated with the prevalence of emotionally abusive coaching practices, and (2) disclosure of emotional abuse, and (3) whether demographic variations existed in the frequency of emotional abuse, athletic identity, and disclosure of the abuse. Study participants who filled in an anonymous digital survey consisted of athletes from elite to leisure levels living in Finland (N = 3687, aged 12-80, gender 61% female, 37.7% male, 0.8% other genders). The research findings highlighted three key insights. Firstly, Pearson correlations revealed that a salient athletic identity was related to a higher prevalence of emotional abuse. Secondly, ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis tests between-groups indicated that particularly children were susceptible to the abuse. Thirdly, a mediation analysis showed that self-identity (aspect of athletic identity) influenced the relationship between experienced emotional abuse and disclosure, by reducing disclosure. As a result, holistic identity development is recommended for athletes and particularly children in sports.

7.
BMC Psychiatry ; 24(1): 410, 2024 May 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38816793

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Childhood psychological abuse (CPA) are highly correlated with depression among college students, but the underlying mechanisms between variables need further exploration. This study aims to investigate internet addiction as a mediating factor and alexithymia as a moderating factor, in order to further elucidate the potential risk factors between CPA and depression among college students. METHODS: A self-report survey was conducted among 1196 college students from four universities in three provinces in China. The survey included measures of CPA, internet addiction, alexithymia, and depression. Descriptive and correlational analyses were performed on these variables, and a moderated mediation model was constructed. RESULTS: CPA was positively correlated with depression among college students, as well as internet addiction with alexithymia. Internet addiction partially mediated the relationship between CPA and depression among college students, while alexithymia strengthened the relationships among the paths in the moderated mediation model. CONCLUSION: This study provides further insights into the psychological mechanisms underlying the relationship between CPA and depression among college students. Internet addiction serves as a mediating factor in this relationship, while alexithymia may enhance the strength of the relationships among the three variables.


Subject(s)
Affective Symptoms , Depression , Internet Addiction Disorder , Students , Humans , Male , Students/psychology , Female , Young Adult , Universities , China/epidemiology , Depression/psychology , Internet Addiction Disorder/psychology , Adult , Affective Symptoms/psychology , Adolescent , Mediation Analysis , Self Report , Adult Survivors of Child Abuse/psychology , Risk Factors
8.
Behav Sci (Basel) ; 14(5)2024 May 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38785883

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to further understand psychological abuse in sports and contribute to the development of elite sports and athletes' persistent performance by identifying the causal effects of psychological abuse on elite athletes' exercise stress, job satisfaction, intention to quit exercise, and quality of life (QOL). Data were collected from 363 elite South Korean male athletes (ages ≥ 20 years) from August to September 2023. The independent variable for comparative analysis was the presence or absence of psychological abuse in elite male athletes by coaches. The participants were divided into two groups: a non-abuse-experienced group (Group 1) and an abuse-experienced group (Group 2). Participants' demographic and athletic background information (e.g., career and sport) were also collected. This study showed that the three factors (exercise stress, intention to quit exercise, and QOL) were higher in Group 2 than in Group 1. These findings provide a meaningful analysis of the impact of psychological abuse on the mental health, persistence, and overall QOL of elite male athletes that can be used to develop countermeasures and policies against psychological abuse that threatens the mental health of elite athletes.

9.
Int J Womens Health ; 16: 593-603, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38633886

ABSTRACT

Background: Infertility affects one in six couples globally and is compounded by stigma and violence, particularly for women, in Jordan's culture. While existing research has illuminated societal pressures faced by infertile women, there is, yet no comprehensive understanding of the violence they encounter in their daily lives. Objective: This Interpretative Phenomenological study seeks to unravel the experiences of infertile women regarding societal violence in Jordan. By focusing on different types of community violence - physical, psychological, and emotional - The study aims to provide nuanced insights into the challenges these women confront. It also endeavors to identify contributing factors, including societal attitudes, cultural beliefs, and individual encounters, while informing policy and practice to mitigate this issue. Methods: Employing a qualitative approach, this study conducted semi-structured interviews with purposively sampled infertile women. Thematic analysis was utilized to uncover recurring patterns and themes, facilitating a comprehensive exploration of their experiences. Results: Five main themes were identified: How the surrounding people view me as an infertile woman; I am suffocated by their questions; they interfere in the smallest details; I got burned and turned to ashes, and I have no right to complain; The problem of childbearing and the treatment plan is a matter for me and my husband only; and who supports me and what do I want from those around me? Implications: This study's implications are significant for policy and practice. By foregrounding the prevalent violence faced by infertile women, it underscores the urgency of interventions. Raising awareness, providing education, and extending support can counteract societal stigma and violence. Creating a more compassionate societal fabric can ensure a safer, more inclusive environment for these women.

10.
Int. j. clin. health psychol. (Internet) ; 24(1): [100416], Ene-Mar, 2024. tab, ilus
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-230355

ABSTRACT

Background: Experiences of childhood psychological maltreatment have been found to be associated with various mental health outcomes, and this association persists into adulthood.Objective: This study investigated whether some types of psychological maltreatment are more harmful than others; whether the harms associated with different types of psychological maltreatment are generalized or specific to particular domains of psychopathology; and whether the associations vary by gender. Method: Participants (N = 544, 63.9 % mother as primary caregiver) were Chinese adults from various regions in China. Participants completed measures of childhood psychological maltreatment experiences perpetrated by their primary caregiver and the mental health outcomes of depression, anxiety, anger, physical aggression, and hostility. The data were analyzed in a hierarchical model in which depression and anxiety were defined as indicators of an internalizing factor, while anger, physical aggression, and hostility were defined as indicators of an externalizing factor. Internalizing and externalizing then defined a higher-order general psychopathology factor. The results suggested equivalent harms of psychological abuse and psychological neglect. Further, the associations between psychological maltreatment and mental health were not unique to specific symptom domains but showed broadband associations with general psychopathology. Results: These findings suggest that trans-diagnostic interventions may be the most effective approach for addressing the mental health impacts of psychological maltreatment. Conclusion: Childhood psychological maltreatment may pose a broadband risk for any and all forms of psychopathology.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Child Abuse , Adverse Childhood Experiences , Depression , Anxiety , Hostility , China , Psychology, Clinical , Mental Health , Psychopathology
11.
BMC Psychiatry ; 24(1): 64, 2024 Jan 23.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38262997

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Adolescent suicidal ideation are associated with factors including psychological abuse/neglect, sleep problems, and depressed mood, but the systematic effects of these factors on suicidal ideation remain unclear, which is a research gap this work aims to fill. METHODS: A multi-center, the cluster sampling method was employed to collect general demographic data, such as age, gender, the experience of being left behind, and parents' marital status, from 12,192 students across 17 secondary schools in China. The Child Psychological Abuse and Neglect Scale (CPANS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Chinese version of the Depressed mood, Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 Items (DASS-21) and Chinese version of Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory (PANSI) were utilized. Data were analyzed using t-tests, chi-square tests, correlation analyses, and structural equation modeling mediation analyses. RESULTS: The prevalence of psychological abuse/neglect and adolescent suicidal ideation was 34.8% and 13%, respectively. This mediation analysis suggests that, in the relationship between psychological abuse/neglect and suicidal ideation, sleep problems and depressed mood play both parallel and sequential mediating roles. CONCLUSION: Sleep problems and depressed mood play a mediating role in the development of suicidal ideation in adolescents. Good sleep habits and depressed mood interventions help reduce the risk of suicidal ideation in adolescents who experience psychological neglect/abuse.


Subject(s)
Sleep Wake Disorders , Suicidal Ideation , Child , Humans , Adolescent , Emotional Abuse , Anxiety , China
12.
Child Maltreat ; 29(2): 283-296, 2024 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36907656

ABSTRACT

Maltreatment type, severity, and chronicity are predictors of poor youth outcomes, yet youth reported perpetrators of abuse have gone largely unstudied. Little is known about variation in perpetration across youth characteristics (e.g., age, gender, placement type) and abuse features. This study aims to describe youth reported perpetrators of victimization within a foster care sample. 503 youth in foster care (ages 8-21 years) reported on experiences of physical, sexual, and psychological abuse. Follow up questions assessed abuse frequency and perpetrators. Mann-Whitney U Tests were used to compare central tendency differences in number of perpetrators reported across youth characteristics and victimization features. Biological caregivers were commonly endorsed perpetrators of physical and psychological abuse, though youth also reported high levels of peer victimization. For sexual abuse, non-related adults were commonly reported perpetrators, however, youth reported higher levels of victimization from peers. Older youth and youth residing in residential care reported higher numbers of perpetrators; girls reported more perpetrators of psychological and sexual abuse as compared to boys. Abuse severity, chronicity, and number of perpetrators were positively associated, and number of perpetrators differed across abuse severity levels. Perpetrator count and type may be important features of victimization experiences, particularly for youth in foster care.


Subject(s)
Crime Victims , Sex Offenses , Male , Adult , Female , Humans , Adolescent , Crime Victims/psychology , Sexual Behavior , Peer Group , Foster Home Care/psychology
13.
Sichuan Mental Health ; (6): 243-248, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM (Western Pacific) | ID: wpr-1039256

ABSTRACT

BackgroundMobile phone addiction has attracted widespread attention in society, and psychological abuse and neglect is an important factor in predicting mobile phone addiction, whereas limited research has been done to evaluate its impact on mobile phone addiction. ObjectiveTo explore the correlation of psychological abuse and neglect with mobile phone addiction, and to test the pathway of self-esteem and interpersonal alienation, so as to provide references for preventing and curbing mobile phone addiction in junior high school students. MethodsIn May 2022, a cluster sampling was utilized to select 800 students in two middle schools in a county of Hainan Province, and all students were assessed using Child Psychological Abuse and Neglect Scale (CPANS), Mobile Phone Addiction Index (MPAI), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (SES) and Interpersonal Alienation Scale of Adolescent StudentsAlienation Scale. Pearson correlation analysis was adopted to determine the correlation among the above-mentioned scales, and Process Macro 3.5 for SPSS was used to test the mediation effect. ResultsCPANS score was negatively correlated with SES score (r=-0.278, P<0.01), and positively correlated with Interpersonal Alienation Scale score and MPAI score (r=0.471, 0.372, P<0.01). SES score was negatively correlated with Interpersonal Alienation Scale score and MPAI score (r=-0.438, -0.196, P<0.01). Interpersonal Alienation Scale score was positively correlated with MPAI score (r=0.392, P<0.01). Interpersonal alienation (indirect effect value was 0.104) played a mediation role in the relationship between psychological abuse and neglect and mobile phone addiction. Self-esteem and interpersonal alienation exhibited a chained mediation effect on the relationship between psychological abuse and neglect and mobile phone addiction (indirect effect value was 0.026), accounting for 6.99% of the total effect. ConclusionPsychological abuse and neglect can not only directly predict mobile phone addiction, but also can indirectly affect mobile phone addiction through separate mediation of interpersonal alienation or chained mediation of self-esteem and interpersonal alienation. [Funded by High-level Talent Project of Hainan Natural Science Foundation (number, 721RC511)]

14.
Violence Against Women ; 30(1): 189-206, 2024 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37750288

ABSTRACT

The content validity of the Measure of Psychologically Abusive Behaviors (MPAB) was examined via qualitative content analysis of interviews conducted with 262 women who experienced intimate partner violence. Data were coded using MPAB categories and items. Approximately 73.4% of the data were represented by the MPAB at both the category and severity levels; half of the data mapped onto "severe" items. At the category level, 12.3% of the data did not map onto the MPAB; 15.5% of the data mapped onto a category but did not match a severity level. Results support the content validity of the MPAB.


Subject(s)
Aggression , Intimate Partner Violence , Humans , Female
15.
Int J Clin Health Psychol ; 24(1): 100416, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37822450

ABSTRACT

Background: Experiences of childhood psychological maltreatment have been found to be associated with various mental health outcomes, and this association persists into adulthood. Objective: This study investigated whether some types of psychological maltreatment are more harmful than others; whether the harms associated with different types of psychological maltreatment are generalized or specific to particular domains of psychopathology; and whether the associations vary by gender. Method: Participants (N = 544, 63.9 % mother as primary caregiver) were Chinese adults from various regions in China. Participants completed measures of childhood psychological maltreatment experiences perpetrated by their primary caregiver and the mental health outcomes of depression, anxiety, anger, physical aggression, and hostility. The data were analyzed in a hierarchical model in which depression and anxiety were defined as indicators of an internalizing factor, while anger, physical aggression, and hostility were defined as indicators of an externalizing factor. Internalizing and externalizing then defined a higher-order general psychopathology factor. The results suggested equivalent harms of psychological abuse and psychological neglect. Further, the associations between psychological maltreatment and mental health were not unique to specific symptom domains but showed broadband associations with general psychopathology. Results: These findings suggest that trans-diagnostic interventions may be the most effective approach for addressing the mental health impacts of psychological maltreatment. Conclusion: Childhood psychological maltreatment may pose a broadband risk for any and all forms of psychopathology.

16.
Trauma Violence Abuse ; 25(1): 630-647, 2024 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37052388

ABSTRACT

Coercive control is an under researched type of intimate partner violence (IPV). The aims of this review were to (a) synthesize all available evidence regarding associations with coercive control and mental health outcomes including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), complex PTSD, and depression; and (b) compare these with associations involving broader categories of psychological IPV. Primary studies which measured associations of coercive control with PTSD, complex PTSD, depression, or other mental health symptoms, were identified via a systematic search of electronic databases (PsycINFO, Medline, CINAHL, Scopus). Eligible studies involved observational designs and reported associations between coercive control and mental health outcomes, among participants who were at least 18 years old. Studies were published in peer-reviewed journals and English language. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to synthesize correlational data from eligible studies. The search identified 68 studies while data from 45 studies could be included in the meta-analyses. These indicated moderate associations involving coercive control and PTSD (r = .32; 95% confidence interval [.28, .37]) and depression (r = .27; [.22, .31]). These associations were comparable to those involving psychological IPV and PTSD (r = .34; [.25, .42]) and depression (r = .33; [.26, .40]). Only one study reported on the relationship between coercive control and complex PTSD and meta-analyses could not be performed. This review indicated that coercive control exposure is moderately associated with both PTSD and depression. This highlights that mental health care is needed for those exposed to coercive control, including trauma-informed psychological interventions.


Subject(s)
Intimate Partner Violence , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Humans , Adolescent , Psychotherapy , Mental Health , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology , Coercion
17.
Front Psychol ; 14: 1286139, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38111869

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Stemming from a stress appraisal and coping perspective, the present investigation developed a methodology for assessing how individuals appraise abusive dating relationship conflicts (Study 1) and the implications of such appraisals for informing coping responses to abusive interactions (Study 2). Methods: Participants ranging in age from 17 to 29 years (Study 1: 102 males, 339 females; Study 2: 88 males, 362 females) completed a survey in which they were presented with a series of 10 scenarios that conveyed relationship conflict cues that were ostensibly aligned with various forms of psychological abuse. Results: Factor analyses indicated that blatant actions conducted in privacy were differentiated from more ambiguous public forms of psychological abuse, in that the latter were appraised by both males and females as more abusive. Females were further likely to appraise blatant conflicts as more threatening but at the same time more resolvable. Participants who had encountered abuse in their own intimate relationships were especially likely to appraise conflicts as abusive, threatening and uncontrollable. Such appraisals were associated with greater endorsement of avoidant coping strategies in response to an abusive encounter, irrespective of personal relationship experiences. Discussion: It is suggested that how individuals appraise relationship conflicts may be key to their ability to cope effectively with such encounters or to provide appropriate support to those experiencing psychologically abusive relationships.

18.
Child Abuse Negl ; 146: 106504, 2023 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37857193

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Despite the recognition of emotional abuse (EA) as the most pervasive and harmful of all forms of child maltreatment, it is argued to be less understood than other forms of child maltreatment. EA is regarded as a standalone form for maltreatment and an essential factor embedded in all other forms of maltreatment of children, such as physical and sexual abuse. Thus, it is crucial for child welfare workers to understand EA, as one of their core mandates is to prevent and protect children from all forms of maltreatment. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore how child welfare workers in Norway describe and understand EA. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: The study included 24 child welfare workers in 6 child welfare offices in Norway. METHODS: The data were obtained from focus group interviews and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Overall, the findings reveal that EA was unfamiliar to the child welfare workers, and that there is a low degree of awareness on EA among the study participants. Further, EA is closely connected to whether parents provide sufficient emotional care for their children and is understood as part of the complex situation surrounding the child. CONCLUSIONS: This article concludes with the need for reflective and sensitive discussions regarding understanding and awareness of EA in child welfare work. This has the potential to lead to greater insights into how EA is understood by child welfare workers as well as to enhance child welfare workers' abilities to describe, communicate about, and document EA.


Subject(s)
Child Abuse , Emotional Abuse , Child , Humans , Child Welfare , Child Abuse/psychology , Emotions , Norway/epidemiology
19.
Child Abuse Negl ; 145: 106432, 2023 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37683404

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Prior research on child maltreatment has focused on distinct features of maltreatment (type, severity, chronicity) important for youth outcomes, yet perpetrators of child maltreatment reported by youth have gone largely unstudied. The present study examines connections between perpetrators, the total number and type of perpetrators reported, and the frequency at which each type of perpetrator was reported across 24 relationship types to provide a foundation for future research seeking to provide comprehensive measurement of perpetrator profiles. METHODS: Data from 503 youth in foster care (8-21 years old) were collected through the Studying Pathways to Adjustment and Resilience in Kids (SPARK) Project. Youth reported on their history of physical, sexual, and psychological maltreatment. Social Network Analysis (SNA) was used to visualize links between perpetrators within maltreatment type and paired samples t-tests were used to compare differences between network edge weights. RESULTS: Full sample SNA results were highly interconnected and variable across maltreatment types. Biological parents and peers were the most common perpetrators of physical and psychological abuse with peers and non-family adults being most common for sexual abuse. Family and community member groupings were most distinct in the physical and psychological abuse networks whereas in the sexual abuse network, ties between perpetrators were more equidistant. CONCLUSIONS: Differences exist in perpetrator profiles across maltreatment types, adding a layer of complexity to how maltreatment experiences are captured, and variability in profiles might provide insight to differing youth outcomes. Understanding individual youth perpetrator profiles could be used to inform foster care placements and reduce the risk of revictimization.


Subject(s)
Child Abuse , Social Network Analysis , Adult , Child , Humans , Adolescent , Young Adult , Emotional Abuse , Parents , Peer Group
20.
Medicina (Kaunas) ; 59(9)2023 Sep 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37763763

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives: The global population is undergoing rapid aging, resulting in an increase in geriatric syndromes and hidden health issues such as elder abuse. However, the prevalence of elder abuse varies across different settings. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and factors associated with elder abuse at the outpatient department of a super-tertiary care hospital in northern Thailand. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 210 elderly patients who visited Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital between May and August 2022. The participants completed several assessments, including the Mini-Cog, Thai Geriatric Depression Scale-6, Core Symptom Index-15, FRAIL scale, Barthel Activities of Daily Living, Interview Guideline for Screening for Elder Abuse, and Diagnostic Criteria for Elder Abuse. Fisher's exact test was used to examine the association between the factors and elder abuse. Results: The Screening for Elder Abuse yielded noteworthy results, with 15.7% of the elderly patients having experienced psychological abuse. However, only a smaller subset of study participants, comprising five individuals or 2.38%, met the diagnostic criteria for elder abuse. Furthermore, statistical analysis revealed no significant correlation between elder abuse and the other factors examined in the study. Conclusions: As a result, it is crucial for hospitals to consider preventive measures and implement routine screening protocols.

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