Comparative Assessment of the Adhesion Forces of Soft Silicone Materials to the Denture Base Material (PMMA) Conditioned with Sandblasting.

BACKGROUND: In patients undergoing surgery for oral cancer, soft support materials are used to minimise trauma to the soft tissues. Silicone-based liners are widely used in prosthetic dentistry. A prerequisite for long-term Adhesion of the liner to the denture base is largely dependent on the surface preparation of the denture material. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether surface preparation of the acrylic material by sandblasting increases the adhesion of the silicone support material to the acrylic denture plate. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included adhesion testing of four silicone-based soft cushioning materials (Silagum Comfort, Elite Soft Re-lining, Ufi Gel SC, Mucopren Soft) on a total of 270 samples. Each material was tested on 15 samples. Three subgroups with different surfaces were separated: 1 raw-standard surface treatment with a cutter, and 2 sandblasted, with 100 and 350 µm alumina grain at 90°. The samples were subjected to seasoning: 24 h and six weeks. The adhesion force of silicone to acrylic was measured by performing a tensile test using a universal two-column testing machine. RESULTS: The highest bond strength was recorded for Silagum on the surface prepared using 100 µm abrasive and seasoned for 6 weeks (291.5 N). The smallest among the maximum forces was recorded for the Mucopren material (81.1 N). For the Mucopren system with a raw and sand-blasted surface (350 µm), the adhesion strength increased after six weeks. In contrast, the durability of the joint decreased for the 100 µm sandblasted surface. The Elite material exhibited similar values for maximum forces (271.8 N) and minimum forces (21.1 N). The highest strength (226.1 N) was recorded for the sample from the group prepared with 350 µm abrasive and seasoned for 24 h. The lowest value (72.6 N) occurred for the sample from the group with 100 µm abrasive and seasoned for 6 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Sandblasting of acrylic plastic improves adhesion to selected relining silicones. 2. The size of the abrasive employed has an impact on the adhesion between the acrylic plastic and the bedding silicone. 3. In the case of some relining systems (Mucopren), an increase in roughness through sandblasting has the effect of reducing the durability of the bonded joint.

Nine years of patch testing with isocyanates in a clinic of occupational dermatology.

BACKGROUND: Isocyanates are used as starting materials of polyurethane (PU) products. They are relatively important occupational skin sensitizers. OBJECTIVES: To analyse results of a large isocyanate patch test series of 19 isocyanate test substances and 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (MDA), a marker of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) hypersensitivity. METHODS: Test files were screened for positive reactions in the isocyanate series. Patients with positive reactions were analysed for occupation, exposure and diagnosis. RESULTS: In 2010-2019, 53 patients had positive reactions in the series (16% of 338 patients tested). MDA, the well-established screening substance for MDI allergy, was positive in 30 patients, an in-house monomeric MDI test substance in 23 patients and 3 different polymeric MDI test substances in 19-21 patients. We diagnosed 16 cases of occupational allergic contact dermatitis (OACD) from MDI including 3 pipe reliners. Hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate (HDI) oligomers in paint hardeners caused 5 cases of OACD, more cases than 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI; n = 3) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI; n = 1) put together. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to previous studies, polymeric MDI test substances were not superior to a monomeric MDI. Pipe reliners may get sensitised not only by epoxy products and acrylates but also by MDI in hardeners of PU pipe coatings. HDI oligomers were the second most important causes of OACD after MDI.

Effect of soft denture liners on complete denture treatments: A systematic review.

PURPOSE: This systematic review examined the effectiveness of soft denture relining (SDR) materials. STUDY SELECTION: A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and ICHUSHI was conducted up to July 26, 2020. Target outcomes were patient satisfaction, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL), masticatory ability (MA), denture functional duration, residual ridge resorption (RRR), and microbial contamination. An organization specializing in literature searches performed the reference searches, and two reviewers independently selected the literature sources, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias. The reviewers resolved any disagreements concerning the assortment of literature sources through discussion. SDR included acrylic- and silicone-based materials, which were evaluated separately. RESULTS: Reviewers selected 7, 5, 11, 1, 4, and 6 studies to assess patient satisfaction, OHRQOL, MA, functional duration, RRR, and microbial contamination, respectively. The results confirmed that SDR improved patient satisfaction, OHRQOL, MA, and RRR. However, the functional duration of SDR material is shorter than that of hard denture relining (HDR) or acrylic resin material. Furthermore, SDR material is more susceptible to microbial contamination in the long term. The risk of bias for the included studies tended to be high because of specific issues (difficulty in blinding SDR versus HDR). CONCLUSIONS: For patients who wear complete dentures, SDR often provides beneficial outcomes such as pain reduction and recovery from MA. However, caution should be exercised regarding their use owing to insufficient functional duration and the possibility of microbial contamination during long-term use.

Influence of hydrothermal aging on the shear bond strength of 3D printed denture-base resin to different relining materials.

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the repairability of three-dimensional printed (3DP) denture bases based on different conventional relining materials and aging. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The groups for surface characterization (surface-roughness and contact-angle measurements) were divided based on the denture base and surface treatment. Shear bond strength test and failure-mode analysis were conducted by a combination of three variables: denture base, relining materials, and hydrothermal aging (HA). The initial characterization involved quantifying the surface roughness (n = 10) and contact angle (n = 10) of denture base specimens with and without sandblasting (SB) treatment. Four relining materials (Kooliner [K], Vertex Self-Curing [V], Tokuyama Rebase II (Normal) [T], and Ufi Gel Hard [U]) were applied to 3DP, heat-cured (HC), and self-cured (SC) denture-base resin specimens. Shear bond strength (n = 15) and failure-mode analyses (n = 15) were performed before and after HA, along with evaluations of the fractured surfaces (n = 4). Statistical analyses were performed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for surface characterization, and a three-way ANOVA was conducted for shear bond strength. RESULTS: The surface roughness peaked in HC groups and increased after SB. The 3DP group displayed significantly lower contact angles, which increased after treatment, similar to the surface roughness. The shear bond strength was significantly lower for 3DP and HC denture bases than for SC denture bases, and peaked for U at 10.65 ± 1.88 MPa (mean ± SD). HA decreased the shear bond strength relative to untreated samples. Furthermore, 3DP, HC, and SC mainly showed mixed or cohesive failures with V, T, and U. K, on the other hand, trended toward adhesive failures when bonded with HC and SC. CONCLUSION: This study has validated the repairability of 3DP dentures through relining them with common materials used in clinical practice. The repairability of the 3DP denture base was on par with that of conventional materials, but it decreased after aging. Notably, U, which had a postadhesive application, proved to be the most effective material for repairing 3DP dentures.

Effect of Professional Denture Cleaning on Surface Roughness of Silicone or Acrylic Soft Relining Materials.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of combining mechanical (ultrasonic) and chemical cleaning (using denture cleaners) on the surface roughness of silicone or acrylic soft relining materials. The silicone soft relining material with the lowest Shore A hardness and a acrylic soft relining material routinely used in Japan were selected. Four groups were established based on type of treatment: immersion in water (W); ultrasonic cleaning in tap water (U); ultrasonic cleaning in a hypochlorous acid denture cleanser (HU); or ultrasonic cleaning in an acidic denture cleanser (AU). Following the tests, surface roughness was determined as the arithmetic mean height of the surface (Sa) and maximum height (Sz). Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Bonferroni correction for a multiple comparison. No significant difference was observed in the Sa or Sz of the silicone soft relining material between the 4 groups. Significant differences were observed in the Sa of the acrylic soft relining material between Groups W and HU (p=0.008) and between Groups W and AU (p=0.008), but no significant differences in the Sz among the 4 groups. Combining U with AU or U with HU yielded no increase in the surface roughness of the silicon soft relining material. The surface roughness of the acrylic soft relining material showed an increase, however, with the combination treatments used.

Relining of a Bridging Covered Stent to Treat a Rare Cause of Type IIIc Endoleak Following Fenestrated Endovascular Aneurysm Repair.

PURPOSE: To present a rare cause of type III endoleak via the left renal artery (LRA) fenestration following fenestrated endovascular aneurysm repair (FEVAR) and to describe a successful reintervention for treating this endoleak. TECHNIQUE: The patient presented with a type IIIc endoleak following FEVAR, due to inadvertent placement of the LRA bridging balloon expandable covered stent (BECS) via the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) fenestration, but deployed outside the SMA fenestration. The proximal part of the BECS was positioned outside of the main body. This caused a type IIIc endoleak via the open LRA fenestration. Reintervention was performed by relining the LRA with a new BECS. First, access to the lumen of the previously placed BECS was gained using a re-entry catheter, followed by placement of a new BECS via the LRA fenestration. Completion angiography, and computerized tomography angiography (CTA) at 3 months follow-up showed total obliteration of the endoleak and patency of the LRA. CONCLUSION: Placement of a bridging stent via an incorrect fenestration during FEVAR is a rare cause of type III endoleak. In certain cases, successful treatment of such an endoleak could be achieved by perforation and relining of the misplaced BECS via the correct fenestration of the target vessel. CLINICAL IMPACT: To our best knowledge, a type IIIc endoleak following fenestrated endovascular aneurysm repair, due to placement of a bridging covered stent through an incorrect fenestration and deployed short of the fenestration, has not been described before. Reintervention was performed with perforation of the previously placed covered stent and relining using a new bridging covered stent. The technique presented here was successful for treating the endoleak in this case and could help guide clinicians when dealing with this or similar complications.

Digital duplication of maxillary complete denture: A dental technique.

OBJECTIVE: This technique aims to construct a virtual, well-adapted maxillary denture from an existing, ill-fitting denture in completely edentulous patients. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: A functional impression is made using the loose maxillary denture, and a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the entire old denture is carried out. The obtained digital imaging and communication in medicine (DICOM) file was segmented using an image computing platform software (3D slicer). The resultant Standard Tessellation Language (STL) file was 3D printed in porcelain white-like resin, then colored and characterized. CONCLUSIONS: The technique introduces a high-quality digital denture replicate with good retention, that can replace the traditional duplication technique. It can also be used as a relining method for old dentures. This proposed digital technique reduces the number of clinical appointments while also providing a digital library for future denture manufacture. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The proposed technique offers a high-quality digital denture replicate that can replace the traditional duplication technique. This digital technique also reduces the number of clinical appointments required for denture duplication.

Prophylactic relining for bridging stent compression after thoracoabdominal endovascular aneurysm repair: Myth or reality?

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Target vessels related complications are one of the most important 'Achille's heel' of complex thoracoabdominal endovascular procedures. The aim of this report is to describe a case of spontaneous bridging stent-graft (BSG) delayed expansion in a patient treated for type III mega-aortic syndrome, associated with aberrant right subclavian artery and independent origin of the two common carotid arteries. METHODS: The patient underwent different surgical procedures (ascending aorta replacement with carotid arteries debranching, bilateral carotid-subclavian bypass with subclavian origins embolization and TEVAR in zone 0, associated with a multibranched thoracoabdominal endograft deployment). Visceral vessels stenting was performed using balloon-expandable BSGs for celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery and right renal artery, while for the left renal artery a 6 × 60 mm self-expandable BSG was deployed.The first follow-up (FU) by computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed a severe compression of the left renal artery BSG. Considering the challenging access to the directional branches (SAT's debranching and a tightly curve of the steerable sheath inside the branched main body), a conservative treatment was considered, performing a control CTA after 6-months. RESULTS: Six months later, the CTA demonstrated a spontaneous expansion of the BSG, with a two-fold increase in the minimum stent diameter, excluding the need for new reinterventions such as angioplasty or BSG relining. CONCLUSIONS: Directional branch compression is a frequent complication during BEVAR; however, in this case, it spontaneously resolved after 6 months, without the need for secondary adjunctive procedures. Further studies on predictor factors for BSG related adverse events and regarding spontaneous delayed BSGs' expansion mechanisms are needed.

Outcomes of Directional Branches of the T-Branch Off-the-Shelf Multi-Branched Stent-Graft.

BACKGROUND: A controversy on bridging covered stent (BCS) choice, between self-expanding (SECS) and balloon-expandable (BECS) stents, still exists in branched endovascular repair. This study aimed to determine the primary target vessel (TV) patency in patients treated with the t-Branch device and identify factors impairing the outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective study was undertaken, including patients treated with the t-Branch (Cook Medical, Bloomington, IN, USA) between 2014 and 2019 (early 2014-2016; late 2017-2019). The endpoint was the primary patency (CT: celiac trunk, SMA, superior mesenteric artery, RRA: right renal artery, LRA: left renal artery) during the follow-up. Any branch instability event was assessed. The factors affecting the patency were determined using multivariable regression models and Kaplan-Meier analyses. RESULTS: In total, 2018 TVs were analyzed; 1542 SECSs and 476 BECSs. The CT patency was 99.8% (SE 0.2%) at the 1st month, with no other event. The SMA patency was 97.8% (SE 1) at the 12th month. The RRA patency was 96.7% (SE 2) at the 24th month. The LRA patency was 99% (SE 0.4) at the 6th month. Relining was the only factor independently associated with the SMA patency (OR 8.27; 95% CI 1.4-4.9; p = 0.02). The freedom from instability was 62% (SE 4.3%) and 45% (SE 5.4%) at the 24th month and 36th month. No significant difference was identified between the BECSs and SECSs in the early or late experience. CONCLUSION: BCS for the t-Branch branches performed with a good primary patency during the short-term follow-up. The type of BCS did not influence the patency. Relining might be protective for SMA patency.

Guessing the sequence of multiple relinings with AFX and nitinol-based cuff: "A riddle, wrapped in a mystery, inside an enigma".

OBJECTIVE: Knowing the structural and technical features of both the older and newer aortic endografts is an essential tool to understand off-the-shelf combinations of different devices used to treat challenging abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) anatomies or failures of previous endovascular aneurysm repairs (EVAR). METHODS: We present a case of a 72-year-old male with history of AAA and evidence of multiple past EVAR interventions who presented with abdominal pain. With no reliable surgical history, we attempted to delineate the types of different endograft parts implanted and the sequence of relining procedure based on plain X-ray projections and combined computed tomography along with intraoperative angiography. RESULTS: A tubular endograft was presented with a distal fracture of its endoskeleton, and relined with the same type unibody bifurcate. The latter was extended proximally with an AFX extension of a characteristic radiopaque continuous rim. Angiographic findings intraoperatively excluded the latter as part of the initial procedure. Moreover, an extra nitinol-based cuff was identified centrally. CONCLUSION: In diagnostic challenges involving multiple relining attempts of different endograft parts, careful analysis of the imaging findings, based on knowledge of the structural and technical features of both the older and newer endografts is necessary for proper diagnosis, identification of potential problems and complications and intervention planning, if needed.

Glass fiber posts relining: can composite opacity influence retention to root canal dentin?

This study aimed at evaluating the influence of glass-fiber post (GFP) relining with composites of different opacities on resin cement layer thickness (CLT), bond strength (BS) to root dentin, and resin cement degree of conversion (DC%). Standardized roots of 52 bovine incisors had their canals prepared and were distributed into 4 groups (n = 10 for CLT and BS; n = 3 for DC%) according to the post used: WP3 (Control)-Whitepost DC3; groups DE, EN and TR-Whitepost DC0.5 relined, respectively, with dentin, enamel, and translucent shade composites. After cementation, specimens were sectioned into six 1.0 mm-thick discs that were submitted to push-out BS test. CLT and failure pattern were evaluated using a stereomicroscope and DC% by micro-Raman spectroscopy. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey test (α = 0.05). The control group showed greater CLT than all relined groups (p < 0.05), which did not differ from each other (p > 0.05). Groups relined with low opacity composites (TR; EN) showed the highest BS and DC% means (p < 0.05). BS was not different among root thirds (p > 0.05), while DC% decreased from cervical to apical third (p < 0.05). Adhesive failures between cement and dentin were predominant, except for group DE with frequent mixed failures. It could be concluded that composite opacity did not influence CLT, which was thinner when GFP were relined and that relining GFP with lower opacity composites led to higher BS and DC%.

Evaluation of Tensile Bonding Strength of Permanent Soft Relining Material to Denture Base Acrylic Resin after Erbium:Yttrium- Aluminum-Garnet Laser Treatment - An in vitro Study.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to assess the effectiveness of erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser surface pretreatment at various pulse durations of exposure on increasing the tensile bonding strength of permanent soft relining material and acrylic resin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Polymethyl methacrylate resin samples were fabricated and grouped as comparison group (no laser surface pretreatment) and three test groups (received Er:YAG laser surface pretreatment at various pulse durations of 10 s, 20 s, and 30 s) for bonding with the permanent soft relining material, Molloplast B. Following the surface pretreatment, the samples were tested for tensile stress using a universal testing machine. Loads at the point of failure were noted and the tensile bond strength values were obtained. Parametric tests of one-way-ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests were done. RESULTS: The highest tensile bonding strength was recorded in Group C, and the control group recorded the lowest bonding strength. CONCLUSION: Er:YAG laser surface pretreatment at 10 Hz, 3 W, and 300 mJ for 30 s improved the bonding strength of the permanent soft relining material to heat-processed acrylic resin material.

Prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and bone turnover markers concerning bone mineral density in older persons.

Owing to the early tooth loss in a large population, the need for removable prosthodontic therapy has widely increased. Loss of teeth can occur due to trauma, periodontal disease, dental caries, and/or oral health negligence. The removable prosthesis is preferred over other teeth replacement methods owing to its cost-effectiveness. However, due to continuous alveolar bone resorption, relining of the removable prosthesis is needed regularly. We aimed to assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and bone turnover marker concerning bone mineral density. Eighty complete denture wearers either in the maxilla or in the mandible or both constituted the study sample. Before the study, all subjects were explained the procedures of the study, and informed consent was obtained before proceeding with the study. Subjects were instructed to provide an early morning sample in a fasting state as serum osteocalcin (OCN) and C-terminal telopeptide (C-Tx) have diurnal variations. Blood samples were collected, and samples were ruled out for 25-OH vitamin D, serum OCN, and C-TX. To determine the association between frequency of relining and bone turnover marker, the collected data were subjected to statistical evaluation. Significant correlations were seen between bone C-Tx, turnover markers (p<0.001), and frequency of denture relining and osteocalcin (p<0.001). No statistically significant effect of gender, vitamin D levels, age, calcium levels, vitamin D supplements, and diabetes was seen on denture relining frequency. The present study concludes that an elevated level of the bone turnover markers such as OCN and C-Tx increases the frequency of relining.

Stent-Graft Relining Using the Altura Endograft for Type Ia and IIIb Endoleaks after Kissing Iliac Arteries Stent.

A 79 years old man, affected by serious comorbidities, occurred to the Emergency Room of our Hospital complaining abdominal pain. He was previously submitted to kissing iliac arteries stent for iliac aneurysms. An urgent CT scan showed a type Ia and a type IIIb endoleaks with left common iliac artery enlargement, occlusion of both hypogastric arteries and inferior mesenteric artery, and a severe stenosis of the right iliac external artery. We opted for a relining with a two-piece D-shaped Altura endograft for the aorta, with bilateral iliac components, landing at the level of the external iliac arteries. Postoperative course was uneventful with no endoleak or endograft migration on CT scan control at 6 months.

Surface Characterization, Biocompatibility and Antifungal Efficacy of a Denture-Lining Material Containing Cnidium officinale Extracts.

Herein, we investigated the surface characterization and biocompatibility of a denture-lining material containing Cnidium officinale extracts and its antifungal efficacy against Candida albicans. To achieve this, a denture-lining material containing various concentrations of C. officinale extract and a control group without C. officinale extract were prepared. The surface characterization and biocompatibility of the samples were investigated. In addition, the antifungal efficacy of the samples on C. albicans was investigated using spectrophotometric growth and a LIVE/DEAD assay. The results revealed that there was no significant difference between the biocompatibility of the experimental and control groups (p > 0.05). However, there was a significant difference between the antifungal efficiency of the denture material on C. albicans and that of the control group (p < 0.05), which was confirmed by the LIVE/DEAD assay. These results indicate the promising potential of the C. officinale extract-containing denture-lining material as an antifungal dental material.

Bond strength of conventional, subtractive, and additive manufactured denture bases to soft and hard relining materials.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the tensile and flexural strength of poured, subtractive, and additive manufactured denture base methacrylates bonded to soft and hard relining materials after hydrothermal cycling and microwave irradiation. METHODS: This study included a conventional (CB), subtractive (SB), and additive (AB) base material as well as a soft (SCR) and hard (HCR) chairside and one hard laboratory-side (HLR) relining material. Reference bodies of the base materials and bonded specimens to the relining materials were produced with a rectangular cross-section. The specimens were either pre-treated by water storage (50 h, 37 °C), hydrothermal cycling (5000 cycles, 5 °C and 55 °C, 30 s each), or microwave irradiation (6 cycles, 640 W, 3 min, wet). A tensile and four-point bending test were performed for a total of 504 specimens. Data were analysed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with post-hoc Tukey tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS: In comparison with the other reference groups SB showed marginally higher tensile and flexural strength (p < 0.047). Bond strength to SCR was affected neither by the base material nor by the pre-treatment (p > 0.085). HCR demonstrated twice the bond strength to AB compared with SB and CB (p ≤ 0.001). HLR showed the highest bond strength to CB (p ≤ 0.001). There was no difference between the specimens after hydrothermally cycling and microwave irradiation (p > 0.318). SIGNIFICANCE: The bond strength of hard relining materials to subtractive and additive manufactured denture bases differ compared with conventional pouring.

Endovascular relining of a Dacron graft for refractory perigraft seroma.

Although perigraft seroma (PGS) is a well-known complication of vascular surgery, optimal therapy has not yet been established. A 90-year-old patient underwent a bypass from the right subclavian artery to the left carotid and subclavian arteries for debranching thoracic endovascular aortic repair. Four years post-surgery, computed tomography revealed PGS at the anastomosis site. Percutaneous needle aspiration and surgical drainage were ineffective in treating PGS. We performed a relining procedure using covered stents for the bypass graft that resolved the PGS. This procedure is minimally invasive, avoids graft excision, and can be especially valuable for elderly patients.

Evaluation of chemical disinfection and microwave irradiation on denture base materials: An in vitro study.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effect of chemical disinfection and microwave irradiation on the surface hardness and roughness of two commercially available hard relining materials (Ufi Gel hard, GC Kooliner) and one denture base resin (Trevalon). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 72 specimens (n = 24) were divided into four groups. C: Not disinfected, Cl: disinfected with 4% chlorhexidine solution, Gl: disinfected with 2% glutaraldehyde solution, Mw: disinfected with microwave irradiation (650 W; 6 min). Hardness and roughness measurements were made after polymerisation, 1st day, 14th day and 28th day. RESULTS: Ufi Gel hard showed an increased roughness after 1st day (P = 0.021) following chemical disinfection and GC Kooliner showed similar results after 14th day (P < 0.05). Microwave irradiation showed a significant increase in surface roughness value after 1st day (P < 0.05) for both Ufi Gel hard and GC Kooliner. Hardness of both Ufi Gel (12.131 to 7.333 VHN) and Kooliner (9.133 to 5.276 VHN) was significantly reduced by chemical disinfection, while microwave irradiation resulted in an increased surface hardness of Kooliner (from 9.126 to 12.713 VHN) and Ufi Gel hard (from 11.698 to 14.940VHN). Results for Trevalon were not significant for both the disinfection methods. CONCLUSIONS: Microwave irradiation increased the surface roughness and hardness of Ufi Gel hard and Kooliner, while chemical disinfection resulted in a decreased hardness and increased roughness of both hard relining materials. There was no effect of either of the disinfection methods on Trevalon.

Application of Soft Relining Materials in Dental Medicine - Clinical Results.

AIM: The objective of this study was to carry out an in vivo investigation of patients wearing dentures relined with soft materials, assuming their positive and negative alterations in time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A direct survey method was used to gather data from 23 patients included in this study (11 male and 12 female patients). Twenty-seven dentures were made (12 partial and 15 total dentures) 9 of which in chairside procedures, 11 - in a laboratory, and 7 were made using the direct-indirect method. Patients were included in regular follow-ups at one month and six months, and at one, two, and three years after dentures delivery. The study started in 2014 and continued till 2017. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: All participants completed questionnaires which included questions related to changes in retention and stability of the relined dentures, changes in color and softness, in bond strength, and inflammation. CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences in the behavior of the different groups of materials at six months. After six months we observed decline in the bond strength of the vinyl-polysiloxane (VPS) materials, as well as increased staining and hardness in the poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA).