Lipidic extract of whole tomato reduces hyperplasia, oxidative stress and inflammation on testosterone-induced BPH in obese rats.

PURPOSE: Tomato is an important source of lycopene, a carotenoid that has been emerging as a natural preventive agent for prostate disease. Moreover, tomato contains other components with a wide range of physiological properties, but their potential beneficial effects on prostatic hyperplasia (PH) during obesity have not been completely established. In this study, we compared the effect of a lipidic extract of tomato saladette (STE) with Serenoa repens (SR) on obese rats with PH. METHODS: Forty-eight Wistar rats were divided in Control (C) and Obese (Ob) treated without (n = 12) and with (n = 36) testosterone enanthate (TE), once a week for 8 weeks to induce PH. After 4 weeks, SR and STE were administered. Biochemical parameters, oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines production were determined. RESULTS: TE increased prostate weight and caused prostatic hyperplasia in C group, and these effects were exacerbated by obesity. SR and STE reverted the increase in prostate weight and hyperplasia caused by TE in C and Ob groups. Obesity increased LDL, TGs, NOx and MAD, but decreased HDLc, GSx, SOD and CAT. SR reverted the effects of obesity, but these were significantly reduced and HDLc increased with STE. Obesity and TE increased TNFα, IL-1ß and IL-6 levels, but these were partially reverted by STE compared with SR. CONCLUSIONS: Excess of fat tissue increases the alterations by PH. STE diminishes these alterations compared with SR, suggesting its beneficial effect to improve prostate function. Whole tomato lipid extract could serve as sole therapy or as an adjunct to pharmacological treatment for PH.

Beneficial effects of lipidic extracts of saladette tomato pomace and Serenoa repens on prostate and bladder health in obese male Wistar rats.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with increased risk of a number of serious medical conditions, including urological disorders. This study investigated the effect of lipidic extracts of saladette tomato pomace (STP) and Serenoa repens (SR) on the prostate and bladder in a rat obese model induced by high-carbohydrate diet. RESULTS: High-sucrose-fed rats showed higher prostate weight as well as increased contractility and stromal and epithelial hyperplasia in the prostate. Treatment with STP and SR improved contractility and diminished hyperplasia and hypertrophy in the prostate. Obese animals also showed impaired bladder contractility, but neither extract reversed this deterioration. In the histological study, a disarray in the process of smooth muscle cell proliferation with non-parallel fibers was observed; interestingly, treatment with STP and SR led to improvement in this derangement. CONCLUSION: These findings indicated impaired contractility and hyperplasia in the prostate and bladder of obese rats induced by high sucrose. STP and SR could enhance prostate function by reducing contractility and hyperplasia and improve smooth muscle fiber structure and decrease cell proliferation in the bladder, suggesting their possible health-beneficial effects on lower urinary tract symptoms. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Effect of Serenoa Repens on Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory and Growth Factors in Obese Wistar Rats with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

Serenoa repens has been widely used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms; however, most of the studies have been conducted in individuals with normal weight and not obese. In this study, the effects of a lipidic extract of S. repens, in markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and growth factors, in obese rats with testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia, were investigated. Total nitrites, malondialdehyde, total glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activity were measured; in addition, assays for inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6 and the growth factors basic fibroblast growth factor (FGFb) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were performed. The obese rats had a higher prostate weight compared with controls. S. repens significantly decreased prostate weight, total nitrites, and malondialdehyde; improved total glutathione, SOD, and catalase activity; and significantly reduced inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-6) and growth factors (VEGF and FGFb). S. repens showed high antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity in obese rats, suggesting that their use could be beneficial in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Fracciones lipídicas obtenidas a partir de frutos de Serenoa repens recolectados en Cuba / Lipid fractions obtained from fruits of Serenoa repens harvested in Cuba

Introducción: los extractos lipídicos de los frutos de Serenoa repens, una palma nativa de los EE. UU., se usan para tratar la hiperplasia prostática benigna. Aunque esta especie fue introducida en el Jardín Botánico Nacional de Cuba hace algunos años, los extractos lipídicos de sus frutos aún no habían sido estudiados. Objetivo: determinar las principales características organolépticas, físicas y químicas de extractos lipídicos obtenidos de frutos de S. repens recolectados en Cuba. Métodos: se recolectaron frutos secos y frutos maduros frescos de S. repens, los últimos se secaron a temperatura ambiente y a 80 ºC. Los 3 grupos de frutos secos se molieron y extrajeron con hexano en Söxhlet. Los extractos lipídicos se secaron y se determinaron sus principales características. Los componentes estudiados se determinaron mediante cromatografía de gases, en algunos casos con detección por espectrometría de masas. Resultados: los extractos presentaron características organolépticas y físicas, así como contenidos de ácidos grasos (componentes mayoritarios) y ésteres etílicos que coincidieron con lo descrito en la literatura, mientras que los contenidos de esteroles y alcoholes grasos resultaron superiores a los publicados antes para esta especie. También se identificaron alcoholes grasos no encontrados previamente en estos extractos: 1-eicosanol, 1-docosanol, 1-heptacosanol, 1-nonacosanol, 1-dotriacontanol y 1-tetratriacontanol. Conclusiones: de manera general, los extractos lipídicos de frutos de S. repens recolectados en Cuba presentaron características similares a las reportadas para los extractos de esta especie, aunque se encontraron algunas diferencias, como son mayores contenidos de esteroles y alcoholes grasos, y la presencia de algunos alcoholes grasos no identificados antes.

Introduction: lipid extracts from the fruits of Serenoa repens, a native palm from the United States of America, are used to treat benign prostate hyperplasia. Although this species was introduced in the National Botanic Garden of Cuba some years ago, the lipid extracts of its fruits had not been studied yet. Objective: to determine the main organoleptic, physical and chemical characteristics of lipid extracts from the fruits of S. repens harvested in Cuba. Methods: dried fruits and fresh ripe fruits of S. repens were harvested. Fresh fruits were dried at room temperature and at 80 ºC. The three groups of dried fruits were grounded and extracted with hexane in Söxhlet equipment. The main characteristics of the dried lipid extracts were determined. The studied components were determined by gas chromatography, in some cases with mass spectrometry detection. Results: organoleptic and physical characteristics as well as the contents of fatty acids (major components) and ethyl esters of the studied extracts agreed with that described in literature, whereas those of sterols and fatty alcohols were higher than those previously reported for this species. some fatty alcohols not previously reported in these extracts, that is, 1-eicosanol, 1-docosanol, 1-heptacosanol, 1-nonacosanol, 1-dotriacontanol and 1-tetratriacontanol.were also identified. Conclusions: Generally speaking, the lipid extracts from the fruits of S. repens harvested in Cuba presented characteristics similar to those reported for the extracts of this species, although some differences were also found, such as the content of sterols and fatty alcohols and the presence of some fatty alcohols not previously reported in the literature.

Estudo exploratório da utilização de saw palmetto no tratamento da hiperplasia benigna da próstata por urologistas de Porto Alegre / Investigation study concerning the saw palmetto use for the benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment by urologists in Porto Alegre

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a utilização de fitoterápicos a base de saw palmetto na terapia sintomática da hiperplasia benigna da próstata (HBP) por médicos urologistas da cidade de Porto Alegre. Consistiu em um estudo transversal, exploratório, por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada aplicada a urologistas de Porto Alegre. A amostra foi obtida utilizando catálogo do plano de saúde UNIMED- Porto Alegre. A randomização foi realizada através de sistemática aleatória, sendo sorteados trinta e cinco médicos, dos quais 21 foram selecionados para realização da pesquisa através de questionário. Todos os urologistas entrevistados avaliam e tratam pacientes com hiperplasia benigna da próstata. O saw palmetto não foi citado como terapia medicamentosa de 1ª ou 2ª escolhas no tratamento da HBP. O grupo farmacológico mais freqüentemente utilizado para o tratamento da HBP foi ∝-bloqueadores. Mais da metade dos médicos entrevistados relata ter conhecimento sobre a utilização do saw palmetto, principalmente através de artigos científicos. Os resultados indicam que o saw palmetto não é prescrito pelos urologistas em Porto Alegre, todavia a maior parte destes profissionais tem conhecimento sobre sua utilização.

The aim of this work was to assess the prescription of saw palmetto phytomedicines for improving symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by urologists in Porto Alegre (Brazil). The study was transversal and exploratory consisting of a semi-structured interview with urologists. The sample was obtained from the UNIMED Catalog - Porto Alegre (Brazil). The randomization was made by chance, being selected thirty-five physicians. The first twenty-one who accepted to participate were interviewed. All the interviewed urologists treat patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The saw palmetto was not mentioned as the first or second choice for treating BPH. The α-blockers were the most mentioned pharmacological group. However, more than half of urologists have heard about the use of saw palmetto and most of them gathered the information in scientific papers. The results indicate that saw palmetto is not prescribed for urologists in Porto Alegre, although most of them have knowledge about this phytomedicine.

Effects of D-004, a lipid extract of the fruit of the Cuban royal palm (Roystonea regia) or the lipidosterolic extract of saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) on the sexual activity in male rats: A controlled, experimental study.

BACKGROUND: The etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is not completely understood, but hormonal changes in aging men seem to be pivotal. Dihydrotestosterone, a potent, active metabolite of testosterone, is formed by the enzymatic action of prostate 5α-reductase and causes cell growth and hyperplasia. Consistent with this action, male sexual dysfunction has been clinically documented to be among the drug-related adverse events associated with 5α-reductase inhibitors. The lipidosterolic extract of saw palmetto (LESP) fruit (Serenoa repens) has been used to treat BPH. D-004, a lipid extract of Roystonea regia Royal palm fruit, has been found to prevent prostatic hyperplasia induced by testoste-rone in rodents and to competitively inhibit prostate 5α-reductase activity in vitro. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of D-004 and LESP, administered as single or repeated doses, on the sexual activity in male rats. METHODS: This controlled, experimental study was conducted at the Pharmacology Department, Centre of Natural Products, National Centre for Scientific Research, Havana City, Cuba. Adult male Wistar rats weighing 250 to 300 g were randomized into 5 groups: 2 groups treated orally with D-004 (400 and 800 mg/kg); 2 groups treated orally with LESP (400 and 800 mg/kg); and 1 control group orally administered a water vehicle. Sexual activity behavior (the number of mounts and intromissions, mount latency, and intromission latency) was assessed during 2 observation periods: 90 minutes after the initial dose and at the end of the 30-day treatment. Latency was defined as time elapsed between the first mount and intromission. RESULTS: A total of 50 rats (mean [SD] age, 10 [3] weeks; mean [SD] weight, 295 [10] g) were included in the experiment. There were no significant difterences in the mean number of mounts, intromissions, mount latency, or intromission latency in the groups treated with single or repeated doses of D-004 or LESP (400 and 800 mg/kg) compared with the controls. There was also no between-group difterence in mating behavior among the active treatment groups. All rats survived up to study completion, with normal behavior (weight gain, food intake, daily observations, without any sign of toxicity). There were no observable adverse events during the study. CONCLUSIONS: D-004 and LESP administered as a single dose or repeated doses for 30 days did not significantly affect male rat sexual activity behavior compared with a vehicle control group.