Influence of reminiscence therapy on mental health and quality of life in elderly patients with unresectable, metastatic gastrointestinal cancer

Reminiscence therapy (RT) attenuates psychological disorders in cancer patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of RT on anxiety, depression, spiritual well-being, and quality of life in elderly patients with unresectable, metastatic gastrointestinal cancer. A total of 222 elderly patients with unresectable, metastatic gastrointestinal cancer were randomized into RT group (RT plus usual care, n=112) or control group (usual care, n=110) with a 6-month intervention. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for Anxiety (HADS-A) and Depression (HADS-D), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being Scale (FACIT-Sp), and Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (QLQ-C30) were evaluated at month (M)0, M1, M3, and M6. Concerning the primary outcome, HADS-A score at M6 decreased in the RT group compared to the control group (P=0.005). As to secondary outcomes, the RT group showed decreased HADS-A scores at M3, anxiety rate at M3, HADS-D scores at M3 and M6, depression rate at M6, as well as greater FACIT-Sp scores at M1, M3, and M6 vs the control group (all P<0.050). Additionally, QLQ-C30 global health score was elevated at M1 (P=0.046) and M6 (P=0.005), functions score was greater at M6 (P=0.038), and symptoms score was lower at M3 (P=0.019) in the RT group than in the control group. Subgroup analysis revealed that the addition of RT was more effective for patients with anxiety or depression at baseline. In summary, RT alleviated anxiety and depression, and improved the spiritual well-being and quality of life within 6 months in elderly patients with unresectable, metastatic gastrointestinal cancer.

Psychosocial symptoms associated with spiritual well-being in Latino patients and caregivers coping with advanced cancer.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship among hopelessness, anxiety, and depression, with spiritual well-being in patients and family caregivers. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was administered to patients (n = 57) and caregivers (n = 57) that incorporated assessments that measured spiritual well-being, depression, anxiety, hopelessness, quality of life, family relationship, burden, fatalism, religiosity, and distress. Logistic regression and cross-tabulation analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between hopelessness, anxiety, and depression, with spiritual well-being. Logistic regression was used to quantify the impact of spiritual well-being on anxiety, depression, and hopelessness. Additionally, cross-tabulations with chi-square tests were conducted to explore associations between severity of hopelessness and severity of anxiety and depression. RESULTS: Logistic regression analyses showed negative associations between spiritual well-being and mental health outcomes, although not all findings were statistically significant. Among caregivers, a significant negative relationship was observed for depression (B = - 0.161, p = 0.022). Hopelessness also exhibited a negative association with spiritual well-being among caregivers (B = - 0.099, p = 0.054) and patients (B = - .152, p = 0.038). Cross-tabulations highlighted significant associations in the severity of hopelessness symptoms with anxiety and depression levels among caregivers (p < .001). CONCLUSION: Results reveal a relationship among psychosocial symptoms among Latino patient-caregivers coping with cancer. By emphasizing spiritual well-being, hopelessness, and anxiety and involving family patients and caregivers in the treatment process as a unit of care. Also, it indicates the need to develop culturally tailored interventions that aim to provide valuable assistance to Latino patients and caregivers coping with cancer.

The Meaning of Life and Religious Coping in the Fight Against Cancer: A Study with Oncology Patients in Brazil in Light of Viktor Frankl's Theory.

This study aimed to describe the perception of the meaning of life and coping strategies of 19 patients with cancer at a public hospital in Brazil. This is descriptive and qualitative research that used Amedeo Giorgi's phenomenological model, and the interpretation was performed in light of Viktor Frankl's theory. Two themes have emerged: (1) the perception of the meaning of life in the experience with cancer and (2) religious coping to fight the disease. This study showed that revealing the meaning of life in the cancer experience contributes to better treatment compliance, a more favorable view of the future and better quality of life. On the other hand, religious coping is the strategy most used by patients who believe in God, showing a greater state of psychological and spiritual well-being.

Spiritual Well-Being Among Users and Non-Users of Psychedelics: A Cross-Sectional Study.

This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) in a Brazilian sample. We analyzed spiritual well-being, defined as existential well-being (EWB) and religious well-being (RWB), among individuals with varying religious and spiritual experiences, both users and non-users of psychedelics. The online cross-sectional survey was conducted in Brazil, from April to June 2022. The psychometric analyses demonstrated reliability and validity based on the internal structure and the relationship with satisfactory external variables concerning the RWB and EWB factors of the SWBS. Validity evidence was shown for both factors (RWB, EWB) with adequate reliability ratings. However, the RWB factor, which was entirely replicated, demonstrated the best group differentiation and internal consistency. Although both factors showed validity, the RWB factor exhibited superior psychometric indices for validity, group discrimination, and reliability. Regarding psychedelics, the association with RWB and EWB demonstrates a U-shaped pattern, as participants who never use these substances typically exhibit higher RWB and EWB indices, succeeded by frequent users. This finding underscores the need for additional studies to further explore the intricate interplay between psychedelics and spiritual well-being.

Loneliness, spiritual well-being, and death perception, as well as their risk factors in urological cancer patients

Cancer patients commonly suffer from loneliness, poor spiritual status, and fear of death; however, these evaluations are rarely revealed in urological cancer patients. Thus, this study aimed to assess the loneliness, spiritual well-being, and death perception, as well as their risk factors in urological cancer patients. A total of 324 urological (including renal, bladder, and prostate) cancer patients and 100 healthy controls were included. The University of California and Los Angeles loneliness scale (UCLA-LS), functional assessment of chronic illness therapy-spiritual well-being (FACIT-Sp), and death attitude profile-revised (DAP-R) scores were evaluated. The results showed that the UCLA-LS score was higher, but the FACIT-Sp score was lower in urological cancer patients than in healthy controls. According to the DAP-R score, fear of death, death avoidance, and approaching death acceptance were elevated, but neutral acceptance was lower in urological cancer patients than in healthy controls. Among urological cancer patients, the UCLA-LS score was highest but the FACIT-Sp score was lowest in bladder cancer patients; regarding the DAP-R score, fear of death and death avoidance were highest, but approaching death acceptance was lowest in bladder cancer patients. Interestingly, single/divorced/widowed status, bladder cancer diagnosis, higher pathological grade, surgery, systemic treatment, and local treatment were independent factors for higher UCLA-LS score or lower FACIT-Sp score. In conclusion, urological cancer (especially bladder cancer) patients bear increased loneliness and reduced spiritual well-being; they also carry higher fear of death, death avoidance, and approaching death acceptance but lower neutral acceptance of death.

Cross-Cultural Analysis of Spiritual Bypass: A Comparison Between Spain and Honduras.

Religion and spirituality (R/S) serve as coping mechanisms for circumstances that threaten people's psychological well-being. However, using R/S inappropriately to deal with difficulties and problems in daily life may include the practice of Spiritual Bypass (SB). SB refers to avoiding addressing emotional problems and trauma, rather than healing and learning from them. On the other hand, coping strategies may be determined by the cultural context. This study aims to describe the presence of SB in individuals who may have experienced stressful situations and to understand the influence of culture on SB by comparing SB in two culturally different groups. The sample consists of a total of 435 people, 262 of Honduran nationality and 173 of Spanish nationality. Both groups are approximately equivalent in age and gender. The degree of SB, stressful events, perception of social support and spiritual well-being are examined, respectively, through the Spiritual Bypass Scale, and specific items and subscales from the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Spiritual Wellbeing. The results showed a higher spiritual well-being and use of SB in the Honduran sample as compared to the Spanish sample, but similar social support and stressful events. Furthermore, some of the factors predicting SB were different between the two samples. While age and a greater number of R/S practices were important in both samples, for the Honduran sample the variables that best explained SB were being a Christian, having greater social support, fewer stressful events, and greater attendance at church or temple. For the Spanish sample, however, the variable that best explained SB was studying R/S texts. Therefore, SB must be understood within the culture in which it develops, since in different cultural contexts it appears to relate to differing factors. Thus, SB becomes a possible functional or dysfunctional coping strategy depending on the social context.

Comprehension and acceptance of the Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy with a Puerto Rican patient diagnosed with advanced cancer: A case study.

BACKGROUND: Meaning-centered psychotherapy (MCP) is a structured psychotherapeutic intervention that aims to improve existential and spiritual well-being in patients with advanced cancer. To validate it, several efficacy studies with predominantly non-Hispanic white patients have been done. Puerto Ricans residing on the island are a largely overlooked segment of the US Latinx population. They have a strong national identity and are embedded in a collectivist culture which shares the Spanish language, cultural traditions, and an emphasis on familism, a cultural factor that values the role of the family in ensuring the well-being of its members. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to present a case study focused on a Puerto Rican advanced cancer patient who underwent MCP to assess the comprehension and acceptance of the MCP intervention. METHOD: We used a mixed-methods study design that included the taking of ethnographic notes, and pre- and post-test assessments of the scores the patient received on all the measures (using validated scales). The ethnographic notes were analyzed to determine the participant's comprehension and acceptance of the MCP intervention. Content analysis was performed on the ethnographic notes by three independent coders using a deductive coding approach. Pre- and post-interview assessments were conducted to explore changes in distress, spiritual well-being, and self-perceived quality of life. RESULTS: A Latino patient with stage III cancer, low income, and low literacy skills showed low comprehension of the concepts of meaning, the finite, legacy, and moderate comprehension and acceptance of the concepts of the search for hope, purpose in life, connecting with life, courage, life's limitations, and sources of meaning. However, the patient showed high comprehension of death and dying (i.e., meaningful death). The patient showed low acceptance of death and dying concepts and high acceptance of the integration of family members into the therapy. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: Additional studies are needed to address cultural themes and to improve the comprehensibility and acceptance of the manual's content and the central MCP concepts. The findings suggest that MCP has the potential of being a feasible form of psychotherapy for Latinx patients suffering from distress, low spiritual well-being, and low self-perceived QOL.

Bienestar Espiritual y Funcionalidad del Paciente Crónico Complejo Hospitalizado en una Institución de Bogotá / Spiritual Well-being and Functionality of the Complex Chronic Patient Hospitalized in an Institution of Bogotá

El presente estudio tiene como propósito establecer la relación que existe entre el bienestar espiritual y la funcionalidad de los pacientes crónicos complejos hospitalizados en una institución de tercer nivel de atención. Metodología: El estudio, de carácter descriptivo correlacional, contó con una muestra que reunía los siguientes criterios de inclusión: pacientes hospitalizados en una institución de tercer nivel de atención, considerados como pacientes crónicos complejos, mayores de 18 años y sin alteración cognitiva. Se incluyeron en el estudio 100 pacientes, internados en los servicios de hospitalización general de la institución de salud, los cuales cumplieron con los criterios definidos y se seleccionaron en un muestreo por conveniencia. Para el presente estudio se utilizaron la Escala de bienestar espiritual de Ellison®, en sus componentes existencial y religioso para evaluar el bienestar espiritual y la escala PULSES, que establece la funcionalidad determinando el nivel de dependencia, a través de la puntuación de diferentes aspectos. El análisis se realizó utilizando el coeficiente de Sperman. Resultados: Los resultados evidenciaron que no existe relación estadística significativa entre el bienestar espiritual y la funcionalidad, con un coeficiente de correlación de 0,147 con un valor p de 0,144. Respecto al bienestar religioso no se pudo establecer una correlación con la funcionalidad, y tampoco para el caso del bienestar existencial se estableció una relación con el desempeño adecuado de los pacientes en sus actividades cotidianas. El 79% de los participantes tuvieron un bienestar espiritual alto y ninguno presentó bienestar espiritual bajo. Respecto a la funcionalidad el 9% presentó un grado de dependencia alto, el 41% dependencia mediana y el 29% dependencia baja.

The present study aims to establish the relationship between spiritual well-being and functionality in complex chronic patients hospitalized in a tertiary care institution. Methodology: The descriptive correlational study had a sample that met the following inclusion criteria: patients hospitalized in a tertiary care institution, considered complex chronic patients, older than 18 years and without cognitive impairment. The study included 100 patients, selected in a convenience sampling, admitted to the general hospitalization services of the health institution, who met the defined criteria. Two scales were used for this study: the Ellison Spiritual Well-being Scale in its existential and religious components, to assess spiritual well-being and the PULSES scale, which establishes functionality by determining the level of dependency through the scoring of different aspects. Regarding the analysis, this was carried out using the Sperman coefficient. Results: The results showed that there is not a statistically significant relationship between spiritual well-being and functionality, with a correlation coefficient of 0.147 with a "p" value of 0.144. Regarding religious well-being, a correlation with functionality could not be established and neither between existential well-being with the adequate performance of patients in their daily activities. According to the percentages, 79% of the participants had high spiritual well-being and none had low spiritual well-being. In terms of functionality, 9% presented a high degree of dependency, 41% a medium one and 29% a low dependency.

Measuring Spiritual Well-Being in Brazilian Adolescents with Chronic Illness Using the FACIT-Sp-12: Age Adaptation of the Self-Report Version, Development of the Parental-Report Version, and Validation.

Spiritual well-being is a major issue in health care, but instruments for measuring this construct in adolescents are lacking. This study adapted the 12-item Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-being Scale (FACIT-Sp-12) for use with Brazilian adolescents with chronic diseases and developed a parental observer-rated version, using an expert panel, back-translation, and cognitive interviews with 72 participants. The psychometric properties of both versions were verified with two- and three-factor models by testing with 212 participants. The self- and parental-reported versions showed face validity, content validity, and acceptable levels of internal consistency for the overall scale and the two-factor model. The convergent validity was satisfactory for most items in both two- and three-factor models, but there was a lack of discrimination in the three-factor model using multitrait-multimethod analysis. This study presents the first instrument to assess the spiritual well-being of adolescents from their point of view and to allow their parents to serve as evaluators. However, we recommend further psychometric testing of the self- and parental-report scales to assess spiritual well-being in adolescents with chronic diseases in Brazil.

Bienestar espiritual en el ámbito hospitalario: aportes para la humanización en salud / Spiritual well-being in the hospital environment: contributions for health humanization / Bem-estar espiritual no âmbito hospitalar: contribuições para a humanização em saúde

Resumen: El objetivo del presente artículo es determinar el bienestar espiritual (BE) del personal de enfermería y su aporte ético a la humanización en salud. El método seguido corresponde al enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal. El muestreo es no probabilístico, constituido por 148 enfermeros de dos instituciones de salud de la ciudad de Bogotá (A y B). Se aplicó instrumento SHALOM-3 para medir el bienestar espiritual (disonancia y armonía) en los dominios personal, trascendental, ambiental y comunal. En cuanto a los resultados, la evaluación del BE mostró un alto porcentaje de armonía en las dos instituciones; sin embargo, se encontraron porcentajes de disonancia en la institución B, en los dominios trascendental (16% vs 22%), ambiental (12% vs 19%) y personal (11% vs 18%). Se destaca la importancia del Bienestar Espiritual para la humanización de los servicios de salud en el ámbito hospitalario, dado que contribuye a la mejora continua y a la garantía de calidad, preocupaciones relevantes para la bioética en el estudio del clima ético en las instituciones de salud.

Abstract: The objective of this article is to determine the spiritual well-being (SW) of nursing staff and their ethical contribution to health humanization. The method followed corresponds to the quantitative, descriptive and transversal approach. The sampling is not probabilistic, consisting of 148 nurses from two health institutions in the city of Bogotá (A and B). The SHALOM-3 instrument was applied to measure spiritual well-being (dissonance and harmony) in the personal, transcendental, environmental and communal domains. Regarding the results, the evaluation of the BE showed a high percentage of harmony in the two institutions; however, percentages of dissonance were found in institution B, in the transcendental (16% vs. 22%), environmental (12% vs. 19%) and personal (11% vs. 18%) domains. The importance of Spiritual Wellbeing for the humanization of health services in the hospital field is highlighted, since it contributes to a continuous improvement and quality assurance, both relevant concerns for bioethics in the study of the ethical climate in healthcare institutions.

Resumo: O objetivo do presente artigo é determinar o bem-estar espiritual (BEE) da equipe de enfermagem e sua contribuição ética para a humanização em saúde. O método corresponde ao enfoque quantitativo, descritivo e transversal. A amostragem é não probabilística, constituída por 148 enfermeiros de duas instituições de saúde da cidade de Bogotá (A e B). Usou-se instrumento SHALOM-3 para medir o bem-estar espiritual (dissonância e harmonia) nos domínios pessoal, transcendental, ambiental e comunitário. Quanto aos resultados, a avaliação do BEE mostrou uma alta porcentagem de harmonia nas duas instituições; no entanto, encontraram-se porcentagens de dissonância na instituição B, nos domínios transcendental (16% v. 22%), ambiental (12% v. 19%) e pessoal (11% v. 18%). Destaca-se a importância do Bem-estar Espiritual para a humanização dos serviços de saúde no âmbito hospitalar, dado que contribui para a melhora contínua e a garantia de qualidade, preocupações relevantes para a bioética no estudo do clima ético nas instituições de saúde

Cuidado espiritual: una mirada desde el modelo de manejo de síntomas y el cuidado paliativo / Spiritual care: A look from the perspective of the model of symptom management and palliative care / Cuidado espiritual: um olhar a partir do modelo de manejo dos sintomas e cuidados paliativos

Objetivo: describir el cuidado espiritual a partir de la revisión de literatura científica relacionada con el cuidado paliativo y su arti - culación con los componentes del modelo conceptual del manejo de síntomas de Patricia Larson y colaboradores. Metodología: revisión sistemática de la literatura científica sobre cuidado espiritual y paliativo, publicada entre el 2002 y el 2018, siguiendo los lineamientos de Ganong y teniendo en cuenta los componentes del modelo del manejo de síntomas de Patricia Larson y cola - boradores: experiencia del síntoma, estrategia de manejo del síntoma y resultado del manejo del síntoma. Resultados: de los 56 artículos identificados inicialmente, 50 cumplieron con los criterios de selección y se clasificaron según los componentes del modelo del manejo de síntomas. Se encontró conceptualización de espiritualidad, escalas de valoración, intervenciones y beneficios del cuidado espiritual en pacientes con necesidades paliativas. Conclusiones: el cuidado espiritual parte de percibir la experiencia del proceso de enfermedad o etapa de fin de vida, para identificar las necesidades espirituales de las personas a través de la valoración con escalas validadas y el uso de diagnósticos relacionados con la dimensión espiritual. Las estrategias de manejo que incluyen el cuidado espiritual comienzan con el acompañamiento y la escucha activa del paciente, de donde se derivan las intervenciones de segundo y tercer nivel descritas en la literatura. Se requiere preparación de los profesionales en enfermería para orientar planes de cuidado espiritual fundamentados desde el modelo que exponen Larson y colaboradores para el manejo de síntomas.

Objective: To describe spiritual care from the perspec - tive of scientific literature related to palliative care, taking into account the components of the Conceptual Model of Symptom Management, as stated by Patricia Larson and collaborators. Methodology: Systematic review, following Ganong's guidelines, of publications made between 2002 and 2018 that are related to spiritual care and palliative care and articulated with the components of Patricia Larson's Symptom Management Model: symptom experience, symptom management strategy, and result of symptom management. Results: Of the 56 articles initially identified, 50 met the selection criteria and were classified according to the components of the Symptom Management Model. We found conceptualization of spirituality, scales for its assess - ment, interventions and benefits of spiritual care in patients with palliative needs. Conclusions: Spiritual care starts with perceiving the experience during the disease process or end-of-life stage, and includes timely identification of spiri - tual needs, their assessment through validated scales, and the use of diagnoses related to the spiritual dimension. The management strategies involved in spiritual care start from the accompaniment and active listening to the patient, from which the second and third level interventions described by the literature are derived. It is necessary to prepare nursing professionals which guide management strategies through the use of the model of Larson and collaborators, to manage - ment of symptoms in clinical practice.

Objetivo: descrever cuidados espirituais a partir da revisão da literatura científica relacionada aos cuidados paliativos, levando em conta os componentes do Modelo Conceitual de Manejo dos Sintomas de Patricia Larson, e colaboradores. Metodologia: revisão sistemática, seguindo as orientações de Ganong, de publicações realizadas entre 2002 e 2018, relacionadas aos cuidados espirituais e cuidados paliativos, articuladas aos componentes do Modelo de Gerenciamento de Sintomas de Patricia Larson: experiência, estratégia e resultado do manejo do sintoma. Resultados: dos 56 artigos inicialmente identificados, 50 preencheram os critérios de seleção e foram classificados de acordo com os componentes do Modelo de Gerenciamento de Sintomas. Encontramos conceituação de espiritualidade, escalas para sua avaliação, intervenções e benefícios do cuidado espiritual em pacientes com necessidades paliativas. Conclusões: o cuidado espir - itual começa com a percepção da experiência do processo da doença ou do estágio final da vida, e inclui a identificação de necessidades espirituais, sua avaliação através de escalas validadas, e o uso de diagnósticos relacionados à dimensão espiritual. As estratégias de manejo que incluem o cuidado espiritual partem do acompanhamento e da escuta ativa do paciente, a partir dos quais derivam as intervenções de segundo e terceiro nível descrito na literatura. É necessário preparar e capacitar os profissionais de enfermagem que orientam as estratégias de gestão através do o modelo de Larson e colaboradores.

Preliminary validarion of Fry's Spiritual Leadership Model in Colombian and Ecuadorian workers / Validação preliminar do modelo de liderança espiritual de Fry em trabalhadores colombianos e equatorianos / Validación preliminar del modelo de liderazgo espiritual de Fry en trabajadores colombianos y ecuatorianos

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the validity of the Spiritual Leadership model proposed by Fry (2003). Spiritual Leadership Questionnaire [SLT] (Fry & Matherly, 2006) was applied to 279 workers from Colombia and Ecuador. The two samples were equivalent by sex, age, education level and work experience. According to the results, all dimensions of the questionnaire showed to be highly consistent (alpha above .85) except Commitment dimension. Likewise, it found that just one of 35 items that composed the scale shows low item-scale correlation. In the most of the cases, the relationships between variables as well as the adjustment index of the model were lower than reported by Fry previously, which limited the construct validity. External evidences of validity of the model, demonstrated that the work experience and level of charge were significant for Spiritual Leadership dimensions. These findings were related to the psychometrics requirement of the scale and regarding of measured construct with organizational behavior. Finally, it is point out some research limitations and provide some suggestions for future studies.

Resumo O propósito deste estudo foi examinar a validade do modelo de liderança espiritual (Spiritual Leadership Theory, SLT) proposto por Fry (2003). Aplicou-se o Questionário de Liderança Espiritual (SLT Survey) (Fry & Matherly, 2006) a 279 trabalhadores da Colômbia e do Equador. Ambas as amostras foram equivalentes com respeito a sexo, idade, nível de formação e experiência profissional. De acordo com os resultados, todas as dimensões do instrumento, exceto a de Compromisso, demonstraram ser altamente consistentes (alpha superior a .85). Também se constatou que apenas um item dos 35 que compõem o instrumento apresentou baixa correlação item-escala. Na maioria dos casos, as relações entre as variáveis e os índices de ajuste do modelo foram menores que o indicado por Fry, o que limitou a validade de constructo. As evidências externas da validade do modelo demonstraram que a experiência profissional e o nível do cargo são significativos para as dimensões da liderança espiritual. Discutem-se essas descobertas com relação aos requerimentos psicométricos do instrumento e a relação do constructo medido com aspectos do comportamento organizacional. Finalmente, indicam-se as limitações do estudo e fazem-se recomendações para futuras pesquisas.

Resumen El propósito de este estudio fue examinar la validez del modelo de liderazgo espiritual propuesto por Fry (2003). Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Liderazgo Espiritual [SLT] (Fry & Matherly, 2006), a 279 trabajadores de Colombia y Ecuador. Ambas muestras fueron equivalentes respecto a sexo, edad, nivel de formación y experiencia laboral. De acuerdo con los resultados, todas las dimensiones del instrumento, excepto la de compromiso, demostraron ser altamente consistentes (alpha superior a .85). Asimismo, se encontró que solo un ítem de los 35 que componen el instrumento presentó baja correlación ítem-escala. En la mayoría de los casos, las relaciones entre las variables y los índices de ajuste del modelo fueron menores a lo reportado por Fry, lo que limitó la validez de constructo. Las evidencias externas de la validez del modelo demostraron que la experiencia laboral y el nivel del cargo son significativos para las dimensiones del liderazgo espiritual. Se discuten estos hallazgos respecto a los requerimientos psicométricos del instrumento y la relación del constructo medido con aspectos del comportamiento organizacional. Finalmente, se señalan las limitaciones del estudio y se hacen recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones.

Espiritualidade na formação acadêmica em psicologia no Rio Grande do Sul / Spirituality in psychology academic training: a comparative study of senior and freshmen undergradute students in Rio Grande do Sul

Embora estudos científicos recentes comprovem correlação positiva entre espiritualidade e saúde, outros apontam a espiritualidade do psicólogo como menor que a da população em geral. Visando analisar a espiritualidade de acadêmicos de psicologia, foram investigados 1.064 estudantes (672 calouros e 392 formandos) de todas as universidades gaúchas com formandos em 2009. Foram aplicados questionário biossociodemográfico, questionário sobre valores e aspectos espirituais e religiosos, Escala de Bem-Estar Espiritual e Subescala de espiritualidade, religiosidade e crenças pessoais do World Health Organization Quality of Life Group-100. Os resultados revelaram que formandos apresentam índices significativamente menores de Bem-Estar Espiritual (t = 3,769; p < 0,001). Eles também referem acreditar significativamente menos em Deus, força superior e/ou energia (χ² = 10,03; p < 0,001). Além disso, a importância da espiritualidade na clínica psicológica e no enfrentamento de situações cotidianas também é menor para os formandos (p < 0,001). Esses dados indicam que provavelmente o curso de psicologia contribua para o declínio da espiritualidade, o que revela a necessidade de reavaliação sobre como a espiritualidade está sendo abordada na graduação...

Many studies discuss the positive correlation between spirituality and health and some highlight the fact that the psychologists' spirituality is significantly lower than that of the population. This study aimed to analyze the level of spirituality of 1,064 psychology students (672 freshmen and 392 senior students) from all universities in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The instruments used included a sociodemographic questionnaire, a questionnaire covering spiritual and religious aspects and values, the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, and the Spirituality, Religiousness and Personal Beliefs Sub-scale of the World Health Organization Quality of Life -100 instrument. The results revealed that the senior students had significantly lower levels of spiritual well-being (t = 3.769; p < 0.001). They believed in God, a superior being and/or energy, significantly less frequently than the freshmen (χ2 = 10.03; p < 0.001). Likewise, for the senior students the importance of spirituality in the psychological practice and in coping with day-to-day situations was always indicated as significantly lower than for the freshmen (p < 0.001). These data indicate that the undergraduation in psychology possibly contributes to a decline in spirituality among its students, highlighting the need to reassess how spirituality is being approached in the undergraduate psychology courses...

Espiritualidade na formação acadêmica em psicologia no Rio Grande do Sul / Spirituality in psychology academic training: a comparative study of senior and freshmen undergradute students in Rio Grande do Sul

Embora estudos científicos recentes comprovem correlação positiva entre espiritualidade e saúde, outros apontam a espiritualidade do psicólogo como menor que a da população em geral. Visando analisar a espiritualidade de acadêmicos de psicologia, foram investigados 1.064 estudantes (672 calouros e 392 formandos) de todas as universidades gaúchas com formandos em 2009. Foram aplicados questionário biossociodemográfico, questionário sobre valores e aspectos espirituais e religiosos, Escala de Bem-Estar Espiritual e Subescala de espiritualidade, religiosidade e crenças pessoais do World Health Organization Quality of Life Group-100. Os resultados revelaram que formandos apresentam índices significativamente menores de Bem-Estar Espiritual (t = 3,769; p < 0,001). Eles também referem acreditar significativamente menos em Deus, força superior e/ou energia (χ² = 10,03; p < 0,001). Além disso, a importância da espiritualidade na clínica psicológica e no enfrentamento de situações cotidianas também é menor para os formandos (p < 0,001). Esses dados indicam que provavelmente o curso de psicologia contribua para o declínio da espiritualidade, o que revela a necessidade de reavaliação sobre como a espiritualidade está sendo abordada na graduação.(AU)

Many studies discuss the positive correlation between spirituality and health and some highlight the fact that the psychologists' spirituality is significantly lower than that of the population. This study aimed to analyze the level of spirituality of 1,064 psychology students (672 freshmen and 392 senior students) from all universities in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The instruments used included a sociodemographic questionnaire, a questionnaire covering spiritual and religious aspects and values, the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, and the Spirituality, Religiousness and Personal Beliefs Sub-scale of the World Health Organization Quality of Life -100 instrument. The results revealed that the senior students had significantly lower levels of spiritual well-being (t = 3.769; p < 0.001). They believed in God, a superior being and/or energy, significantly less frequently than the freshmen (χ2 = 10.03; p < 0.001). Likewise, for the senior students the importance of spirituality in the psychological practice and in coping with day-to-day situations was always indicated as significantly lower than for the freshmen (p < 0.001). These data indicate that the undergraduation in psychology possibly contributes to a decline in spirituality among its students, highlighting the need to reassess how spirituality is being approached in the undergraduate psychology courses.(AU)

Adaptação e validação da Escala de Bem-estar Espiritual (EBE / Adaptation and validation of Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWS)

O presente estudo visou adaptar e validar a Escala de Bem-estar Espiritual (EBE). Os participantes deste estudo foram adultos (N=506) de 16 a 78 anos (M=38,03 anos; DP=15,07), sendo 237 homens (46,8 por cento) e 269 mulheres (53,2 por cento), residentes em Porto Alegre (RS, Brasil). Foram realizadas análises fatoriais e a solução de dois fatores foi a mais adequada, explicando 47,97 por cento da variância total. Os 20 itens da escala apresentaram cargas fatoriais superiores a 0,38, nos dois fatores. A consistência interna (calculada pelo alfa de Cronbach) dos fatores foi de 0,92 para o Bem-estar religioso e 0,85 para bem-estar espiritual e de 0,92 para a escala geral. Os resultados encontrados reforçam as qualidades psicométricas da escala indicando sua aplicabilidade em estudos sobre religiosidade e espiritualidade no contexto local.(AU)

The aim of the present study was adapt and assess the validity of Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS). The participants of this study were adults (N=506), from 16 to 78 years old (M=38,03 years; SD=15,07), and 237 (46,8 percent) were male and 269 (53,2 percent) were female, residents in Porto Alegre (Brazil). Factor analyses were conducted to determine the dimensions and a two factor solution was found to be more adequate, explaining 47,97 percent of total variance. The scale included 20 items with factor loadings larger than 0,38 in both factors. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alphas) for the factors was 0,92 for religious well-being and e 0,85 for existencial well-being and 0,92 for general scale. The results strengthen the psychometric qualities of the scale indicating their applicability in the study of religiosity and spirituality in the local context.(AU)

Qualidade de vida e bem-estar espiritual em pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS / Quality of life and spiritual well being in individuals with HIV/AIDS / Cualidad de vida y bienestar espiritual en personas que viven con VIH/Sida

Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade de vida e bem-estar espiritual em pessoas vivendo com HIV/Aids. A amostra foi constituída de 200 pessoas vivendo com HIV/Aids (111 mulheres e 89 homens), de 19 a 67 anos, 143 sintomáticos e 57 assintomáticos. Do total, 62,5 por cento faziam uso de terapia anti-retroviral. Os resultados apontam para a correlação significativa entre os domínios da qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-HIV bref) e bem-estar espiritual (SWBS). O domínio da qualidade de vida, espiritualidade, religiosidade e crenças pessoais e a subescala bem-estar religioso apresentaram os escores mais altos. Obtiveram-se correlações altamente significativas entre os domínios da qualidade de vida física, relações sociais e espiritualidade, religiosidade e crenças pessoais, e os do bem-estar religioso, bem-estar existencial e bem-estar espiritual no grupo sintomático/Aids. Discute-se a importância das variáveis religiosidade e espiritualidade no processo de resiliência e de proteção à saúde. A importância da inserção dos fatores de proteção à saúde necessita ser destacada nas pesquisas, nas intervenções do psicólogo e no planejamento de políticas públicas de saúde.

Current study evaluates the quality of life and spiritual well-being in HIV/Aids people. Two hundred HIV individuals were taken as samples (111 women and 89 men), aged between 19 to 67 years old, 143 symptomatic/Aids and 57 asymptomatic, 62.5 percent had taken anti-retroviral therapy. Results point to a significant correlation between the quality of life (WHOQOL-HIV bref) and spiritual well being (SWB). The spiritual, religiosity and personal beliefs and the subscale religious well being had the highest scores. Significant correlations were obtained in symptomatic/Aids group between quality of life concerning physical, social relationship and spiritual, religiosity and personal beliefs with the religious well-being, the existential well being and the spiritual well-being. The importance of the variables religiosity and spirituality within the resilience and health protection process was also discussed. Discussing health protection in research, in psychologist's interventions and in health public policies should be enhanced.

Este estudio tuvo el objetivo de evaluar la cualidad de vida y bienestar espiritual de personas viviendo con VIH/SIDA. La muestra fue de 200 pacientes viviendo con VIH/SIDA (111 mujeres y 89 hombres), de 19 a 67 años, 143 sintomáticos y 57 asintomáticos, del total, 62,5 por ciento hacían uso de terapia antirretroviral. Los resultados apuntan hacia la correlación significativa entre los dominios de la cualidad de vida (WHOQOL-HIV bref) y bienestar espiritual (SWBS). El dominio de la cualidad de vida, espiritualidad, religiosidad y creencias personales como la subescala bienestar religioso presentaron los escores más altos. Se obtuvieron correlaciones altamente significativas entre los dominios de cualidad de vida físico, relaciones sociales y espiritualidad, religiosidad y creencias personales con el bienestar religioso, existencial y espiritual del grupo sintomático/SIDA. Se discute la importancia de las variables religiosidad y espiritualidad en el proceso de resiliencia y de protección a la salud. La importancia de la inserción de los factores de protección a la salud necesita ser destacada en las investigaciones, en las intervenciones del psicólogo y en el planeamiento de políticas públicas de salud.

Qualidade de vida e bem-estar espiritual em pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS / Quality of life and spiritual well being in individuals with HIV/AIDS / Cualidad de vida y bienestar espiritual en personas que viven con VIH/Sida

Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade de vida e bem-estar espiritual em pessoas vivendo com HIV/Aids. A amostra foi constituída de 200 pessoas vivendo com HIV/Aids (111 mulheres e 89 homens), de 19 a 67 anos, 143 sintomáticos e 57 assintomáticos. Do total, 62,5 por cento faziam uso de terapia anti-retroviral. Os resultados apontam para a correlação significativa entre os domínios da qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-HIV bref) e bem-estar espiritual (SWBS). O domínio da qualidade de vida, espiritualidade, religiosidade e crenças pessoais e a subescala bem-estar religioso apresentaram os escores mais altos. Obtiveram-se correlações altamente significativas entre os domínios da qualidade de vida física, relações sociais e espiritualidade, religiosidade e crenças pessoais, e os do bem-estar religioso, bem-estar existencial e bem-estar espiritual no grupo sintomático/Aids. Discute-se a importância das variáveis religiosidade e espiritualidade no processo de resiliência e de proteção à saúde. A importância da inserção dos fatores de proteção à saúde necessita ser destacada nas pesquisas, nas intervenções do psicólogo e no planejamento de políticas públicas de saúde.(AU)

Current study evaluates the quality of life and spiritual well-being in HIV/Aids people. Two hundred HIV individuals were taken as samples (111 women and 89 men), aged between 19 to 67 years old, 143 symptomatic/Aids and 57 asymptomatic, 62.5 percent had taken anti-retroviral therapy. Results point to a significant correlation between the quality of life (WHOQOL-HIV bref) and spiritual well being (SWB). The spiritual, religiosity and personal beliefs and the subscale religious well being had the highest scores. Significant correlations were obtained in symptomatic/Aids group between quality of life concerning physical, social relationship and spiritual, religiosity and personal beliefs with the religious well-being, the existential well being and the spiritual well-being. The importance of the variables religiosity and spirituality within the resilience and health protection process was also discussed. Discussing health protection in research, in psychologist's interventions and in health public policies should be enhanced.(AU)

Este estudio tuvo el objetivo de evaluar la cualidad de vida y bienestar espiritual de personas viviendo con VIH/SIDA. La muestra fue de 200 pacientes viviendo con VIH/SIDA (111 mujeres y 89 hombres), de 19 a 67 años, 143 sintomáticos y 57 asintomáticos, del total, 62,5 por ciento hacían uso de terapia antirretroviral. Los resultados apuntan hacia la correlación significativa entre los dominios de la cualidad de vida (WHOQOL-HIV bref) y bienestar espiritual (SWBS). El dominio de la cualidad de vida, espiritualidad, religiosidad y creencias personales como la subescala bienestar religioso presentaron los escores más altos. Se obtuvieron correlaciones altamente significativas entre los dominios de cualidad de vida físico, relaciones sociales y espiritualidad, religiosidad y creencias personales con el bienestar religioso, existencial y espiritual del grupo sintomático/SIDA. Se discute la importancia de las variables religiosidad y espiritualidad en el proceso de resiliencia y de protección a la salud. La importancia de la inserción de los factores de protección a la salud necesita ser destacada en las investigaciones, en las intervenciones del psicólogo y en el planeamiento de políticas públicas de salud.(AU)

Bienestar espiritual en pacientes con cáncer de mama identificado a través de la relación enfermera-paciente / Spiritual well-being in patients with identified breast cancer through the relation nurse-patient

Introducción: El cáncer de mama es una experiencia devastadora, implica situaciones que provocan problemas fisiológicos, psicológicos, sociales y espirituales. La relación enfermera-paciente propuesta por Hildergard E. Peplau es esencialmente el marco en el que las creencias, valores, actitudes y conocimiento del paciente y de la enfermera pueden emplearse para explorar y comprender la dinámica de una existencia sana, en donde el bienestar espiritual juega un papel importante. Objetivo: Identificar el bienestar espiritual en pacientes con cáncer de mama, en la fase de orientación a través de la relación enfermera-paciente Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, con 25 pacientes, se utilizó cuestionario basado en Facit-SP-12, que forma parte de la evaluación funcional en terapia oncológica en relación con calidad de vida, con una confiabilidad de 0.8992. Resultados: El 88% de las pacientes presentó bienestar espiritual bueno y regular 12%. Discusión: El reconocimiento de implicaciones psicológicas y sociales de enfermedades crónicas ha dado lugar a que los profesionales establezcan objetivos de atención relacionado con comunicación efectiva entre cuidadores de la salud y el paciente. La mayoría de las personas presentaron bienestar espiritual bueno, y la relación interpersonal permitió explorar y comprender creencias valores y actitudes, con la finalidad de conducir a la salud, como cualidad dinámica que permite la experiencia potencial del bienestar físico y social, que confiere la oportunidad de vivir bien y en armonía.

Introduction: Breast cancer is a devastating experience which implies situations that provoke physiological, psychological, social, and spiritual problems. The relation nurse-patient proposed by Hildergard E. Peplau is essentially the frame in which the beliefs, values, attitudes and knowledge of the patient and nurse may be used to explore and understand the dynamics of a healthy existence, where the spiritual well-being plays an important role. Objective: To identify the spiritual well-being in breast cancer patients, in the phase of orientation through the relation nurse-patient. Methodology: Transversal, descriptive study done in 25 patients. A questionnaire based on Facit-Sp 12 that is part of the functional evaluation in oncology therapy related to the quality of life was utilized. The confidentiality was of 0.8992. Results: The good spiritual well-being was present in 88% of the patients and the regular spiritual well-being in 12% of them. Discussion: Acknowledgment of psychological and social implications due to chronic diseases, has lead the professionals to establish during their assistance objectives related to effective Communication between health caregivers, and the patient. The most of people showed up a good spiritual well-being, and the interpersonal relationship allowed exploring and understanding beliefs, values, and attitudes, with the objective of leading to health, as a dynamic trait that allows the potential experience of physical, and social well-being that confers the opportunity of living fine and in harmony.

Bienestar espiritual y ansiedad en pacientes diabéticos

El presente estudio investigó la correlación entre los niveles de bienestar espiritual y los niveles de ansiedad-estado, en una muestra de 190 pacientes obtenida por medio de muestreo no probabilístico; los criterios de inclusión fueron: adultos de 35 a 85 años de edad, diagnosticados con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, se excluyeron los pacientes con demencia. El marco teórico que guió el estudio es el Modelo de Adaptación de Callista Roy. El diseño fue descriptivo, transversal, correlacional . La muestra poblacional se distribuyó normalmente con una potencia de 80. Se utilizó el cuestionario de espiritualidad de Reed y la escala de ansiedad-estado de Spielberger ; los instrumentos presentaron una consistencia interna favorable con un Alpha de Cronbach de .894 y .847 respectivamente. La información se recabó de cuatro instituciones de salud, una del primer nivel y tres del segundo nivel de atención. El análisis de los datos se llevó a cabo a través del paquete estadístico SPSS versión 13. La edad media de los participantes fue de 57,36 años, con una desviación estándar de 11,4; el 55% fueron del sexo femenino, el 83,2% profesa la religión católica, el 51,5% presenta algún tipo de complicación asociada a la diabetes. El coeficiente de correlación entre el bienestar espiritual y la ansiedad-estado fue significativo. Estos resultados apoyan la hipótesis del estudio que refiere a mayor espiritualidad menor nivel de ansiedad-estado, situación que invita a profundizar en el estudio de estos fenómenos tanto en el área educativa como asistencial en la disciplina de enfermería.

The present study investigated the correlation between the levels of spiritual well-being and the levels of anxiety-been, in a sample of 190 patients obtained by means of nonprobabilístic sampling, the inclusion criteria were: adults of 35 to 85 years of age, diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2, excluded the patients with dementia. The theoretical frame that guided the study is the Model of Adaptation of Roy. The design was descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational . The population sample was distributed normally with a power of the 80. It was used the questionnaire of espirituality of Reed and the scale of anxiety-been of Spielberger ; the instruments displayed a favorable internal consistency with a Alpha de Cronbach of 894 and 877 respectively. The information was successfully obtained of four institutions of health, one of first level and three of the second level of attention. The analysis of the data was carried out through statistical package SPSS version 13th. The average age of the participants was of 57,36 years with a standard deviation of 11,4; 55% were female gender, the 83,2% professes the catholic religion, the 51,5% presents some type of complication associated to diabetes. The coefficient of correlation between the spiritual well-being and anxiety-been was significant. These results support the hypothesis of the study that refers to greater spirituality smaller level of anxiety-been; situation that it invites to deepen as much in the study of these phenomena in the educative area as welfare in the nursing discipline.