ABSTRACT
Introducción: el ACV constituye un problema de salud y la trombólisis sistémica una estrategia de reperfusión con alto nivel de evidencia para su tratamiento. Los reportes nacionales sobre su utilización son escasos. Objetivos: comunicar y analizar los resultados de esta terapia en el Hospital de Clínicas. Establecer predictores de buena evolución, hemorragia intracraneana y mortalidad. Métodos: estudio observacional analítico de los pacientes trombolizados en el Hospital de Clínicas (2010-2021). Resultados: se realizó trombólisis sistémica a 268 pacientes. La mediana del NIHSS al ingreso fue 12 puntos. Un 42% fueron infartos totales de la circulación anterior. La cardioembolia constituyó la etiopatogenia más frecuente. El 59,3% de los pacientes fueron externalizados con independencia funcional y 55,2% con déficit neurológico mínimo. Las tasas de hemorragia intracraneana sintomática y mortalidad fueron 7,1% y 18,7% respectivamente. El 57% de los pacientes se trataron con tiempo puerta aguja ≤60 minutos. El porcentaje de trombólisis en el total de ACV fue 18,9%. La edad, NIHSS al ingreso e internación en unidad de ACV se comportaron como variables importantes para predecir buena evolución, hemorragia intracraneana y muerte. Discusión y conclusiones: se comunicó la mayor casuística nacional sobre el tema. Los parámetros de efectividad y seguridad del tratamiento fueron comparables a los reportados internacionalmente. Se destacaron los buenos tiempos puerta aguja y tasa trombólisis sobre ACV totales como indicadores satisfactorios de calidad asistencial. La internación en unidad de ACV se comportó como un factor predictor de independencia funcional y protector frente a mortalidad hospitalaria.
Introduction: Strokes are a health problem and systemic thrombolysis constitutes a reperfusion strategy backed up by significant evidence on its positive therapeutic impact. National reports on its use are scarce. Objectives: To report and analyze results obtained with this therapeutic approach at the Clinicas Hospital. To establish predictive factors for a good evolution, intracranial hemorrhage and mortality. Method: Observational, analytical study of thrombolysed patients at Clinicas Hospital (2010-2021). Results: Systemic thrombolysis was performed in 268 patients. Average NIHSS score was 12 points when admitted to hospital.42 % of cases were total anterior circulation infarct (TACI). Cardioembolic ischaemmic stroke was the most frequent etiopahogenesis. 59.3% of patients were discharged with functional independence and 55.2% had minimal neurologic deficit. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and mortality rates were 7.1% and 18.7% respectively. 57% of patients were assisted within ≤60 minutes they showed up at the ER. Thrombolysis percentage in total number of strokes was 18.9%. Age, NIHSS score upon arrival to hospital and admission to the stroke unit were significant variables to predict a good evolution, intracranial hemorrhage and death. Discussion and conclusions: The large number of cases in the country was reported. Effectiveness and safety parameters for this treatment were comparable to those reported internationally. The good door-to-needle time and thrombolysis rate versus total number of strokes stood out as satisfactory indicators of healthcare quality. Admission to the stroke unit behaved as a predictive factor of functional independence and it protected patients from hospital mortality.
Introdução: o AVC é um problema de saúde sendo a trombólise sistêmica uma estratégia de reperfusão com alto nível de evidência para seu tratamento. Os dados nacionais sobre seu uso são escassos. Objetivos: comunicar e analisar os resultados desta terapia no Hospital de Clínicas. Estabelecer preditores de boa evolução, hemorragia intracraniana e mortalidade. Métodos: estudo observacional analítico de pacientes trombolisados no Hospital de Clínicas (2010-2021). Resultados: a trombólise sistêmica foi realizada em 268 pacientes. A mediana do índice NIHSS na admissão foi de 12 pontos. 42% eram infartos totais da circulação anterior. A cardioembolia foi a etiopatogenia mais frequente. 59,3% dos pacientes tiveram alta da unidade com independência funcional e 55,2% com déficit neurológico mínimo. As taxas de hemorragia intracraniana sintomática e mortalidade foram de 7,1% e 18,7%, respectivamente. 57% dos pacientes foram tratados com tempo porta-agulha ≤60 minutos. A porcentagem de trombólise no AVC total foi de 18,9%. Idade, NIHSS na admissão e internação na unidade de AVC se comportaram como variáveis importantes para prever boa evolução, hemorragia intracraniana e óbito. Discussão e conclusões: este trabajo inclui a maior casuística nacional sobre o tema. Os parâmetros de eficácia e segurança do tratamento foram comparáveis aos descritos na bibliografia internacional. Foram destacados como indicadores satisfatórios da qualidade do atendimento os bons tempos porta-agulha e taxa de trombólise em relação ao AVC total. A internação em unidade de AVC comportou-se como preditor de independência funcional e protetor contra a mortalidade hospitalar.
Subject(s)
Thrombolytic Therapy , Stroke/therapy , Cerebral Infarction , Evaluation of Results of Therapeutic Interventions , Intracranial Hemorrhages , Observational StudyABSTRACT
Introduction: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death in Latin America, a region with countless gaps to be addressed to decrease its burden. In 2018, at the first Latin American Stroke Ministerial Meeting, stroke physician and healthcare manager representatives from 13 countries signed the Declaration of Gramado with the priorities to improve the region, with the commitment to implement all evidence-based strategies for stroke care. The second meeting in March 2020 reviewed the achievements in 2 years and discussed new objectives. This paper will review the 2-year advances and future plans of the Latin American alliance for stroke. Method: In March 2020, a survey based on the Declaration of Gramado items was sent to the neurologists participants of the Stroke Ministerial Meetings. The results were confirmed with representatives of the Ministries of Health and leaders from the countries at the second Latin American Stroke Ministerial Meeting. Results: In 2 years, public stroke awareness initiatives increased from 25 to 75% of countries. All countries have started programs to encourage physical activity, and there has been an increase in the number of countries that implement, at least partially, strategies to identify and treat hypertension, diabetes, and lifestyle risk factors. Programs to identify and treat dyslipidemia and atrial fibrillation still remained poor. The number of stroke centers increased from 322 to 448, all of them providing intravenous thrombolysis, with an increase in countries with stroke units. All countries have mechanical thrombectomy, but mostly restricted to a few private hospitals. Pre-hospital organization remains limited. The utilization of telemedicine has increased but is restricted to a few hospitals and is not widely available throughout the country. Patients have late, if any, access to rehabilitation after hospital discharge. Conclusion: The initiative to collaborate, exchange experiences, and unite societies and governments to improve stroke care in Latin America has yielded good results. Important advances have been made in the region in terms of increasing the number of acute stroke care services, implementing reperfusion treatments and creating programs for the detection and treatment of risk factors. We hope that this approach can reduce inequalities in stroke care in Latin America and serves as a model for other under-resourced environments.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Access to acute stroke unit (ASU) care is known to vary worldwide. We aimed to quantify regional variations in the various components of ASU care. METHOD: Secondary analysis of the Head Positioning in acute Stroke Trial (HeadPoST), an international, multicentre, cluster crossover trial of head-up versus head-down positioning in 11,093 acute stroke patients at 114 hospitals in 9 countries. Patients characteristics and 11 standard components of processes of care were described according to ASU admission within and across four economically-defined regional groups (Australia/UK, China [includes Taiwan], India/Sri Lanka, and South America [Brazil/Chile/Colombia]). Variations in process of ASU care estimates were obtained in hierarchical mixed models, with adjustment for study design and potential patient- and hospital-level confounders. RESULTS: Of 11,086 patients included in analyses, 59.7% (n = 6620) had an ASU admission. In China, India/Sri Lanka and South America, ASU patients were older, had greater neurological severity and more premorbid conditions than non-ASU patients. ASU patients were more likely to receive reperfusion therapy and multidisciplinary care within regions, but the components of care varied across regions. With Australia/UK as reference, patients in other regions had a lower probability of receiving reperfusion therapy, especially in India/Sri Lanka (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.12-0.63) and multidisciplinary care (mainly in formal dysphagia assessment, physiotherapy and occupational therapy). CONCLUSION: There is significant variation in the components of stroke care across economically-defined regions of the world. Ongoing efforts are required to reduce disparities and optimise health outcomes, especially in resource poor areas. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: HeadPoST is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02162017).
Subject(s)
Stroke , Australia , Brazil , Chile , China , Colombia , Humans , India , Quality of Health Care , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Stroke/epidemiology , Stroke/therapy , TaiwanABSTRACT
Resumen: Introducción: el ataque cerebrovascular (ACV) es un importante problema de salud por su alta morbi-mortalidad; en Uruguay representa la primera causa de discapacidad en el adulto. La atención en unidades interdisciplinarias, especializadas en ACV (UACV) se vincula con una disminución en la morbi-mortalidad y mejoría en la independencia al alta. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto del programa de abordaje precoz, protocolizado y sostenido, en pacientes con ACV asistidos por el Equipo de Rehabilitación integrado a la UACV del HC. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo, de cohorte; con un grupo de usuarios de la UACV (n=79) versus grupo histórico (GH) de población asistida fuera del contexto de UACV (n=77). Se tomaron como indicadores: días de internación, complicaciones e impacto funcional del ACV. Resultados: ambas muestras fueron estadísticamente comparables, considerando α<0.05. En la modalidad UACV hubo una franca disminución de las complicaciones extra-neurológicas (21.5% vs 58% del GH), en especial de las infecciosas: urinarias (3.8% vs 21.8% GH) y respiratorias bajas (17.7% vs 27.3% GH); la mortalidad (5.06% vs 10.4% GH) y los días de internación (17.2 días vs 33.5 días del GH). Los pacientes presentaron mejores resultados funcionales al alta, requiriendo menor prescripción de ayudas técnicas: silla de ruedas (18% vs. 45.9% GH), andador o bastón (18% vs 21.6% GH). Conclusiones: el abordaje mediante la modalidad de UACV exhaustiva, influye positivamente en la independencia, calidad asistencial, costos asistenciales y sociales.
Abstract: Introduction: stroke is an important health problem due to its high morbidity and mortality; In Uruguay it represents the first cause of disability in the adult. Attention in interdisciplinary stoke units (SU), is associated with a decrease in morbi-mortality and improvement in independence at hospital discharged. Objective: evaluation of the impact of an early, protocolized and sustained rehabilitation program, at the stroke unit where rehabilitation team take part. Material and method: We carried out a prospective, descriptive, cohort study; with a group of SU patients (n = 79) versus historical group (HG) assisted in general hospital (n = 77). The following indicators were taken: hospitalization days, complications and functional impact of stroke. Results: Both samples were statistically comparable, considering α<0.05. In SU modality there was a frank reduction of extra-neurological complications (21.5% vs 58% of GH), especially of the urinary tract infections (3.8% vs. 21.8% HG) and respiratory infections (17.7% vs 27.3% HG); Mortality (5.06% vs 10.4% HG) and days of hospitalization (17.2 days vs 33.5 days of HG). The patients presented better functional results at hospital discharge requiring less prescription of technical aids: wheelchair (18% vs. 45.9% HG), walker or walking stick (18% vs 21.6% HG). Conclusions: the approach through an exhaustive SU modality has positive effects in patient independence, assistance quality, care and social costs.
Resumo: Introdução: o ataque cerebrovascular (CVA) é um importante problema de saúde devido à sua alta morbidade e mortalidade; No Uruguai, representa a primeira causa da deficiência no adulto. A atenção em unidades interdisciplinares, especializadas em LCA (UACV), está associada a uma diminuição da morbi-mortalidade e à melhoria da independência na alta. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto do programa de tratamento precoce, protocolizado e sustentado em pacientes com AVC assistidos pela Equipe de Reabilitação Integrada à UACV do HC. Material e método: Realizamos estudo prospectivo, descritivo e de coorte; com um grupo de usuários UACV (n = 79) versus grupo histórico (GH) de população assistida fora do contexto UACV (n = 77). Foram utilizados os seguintes indicadores: dias de hospitalização, complicações e impacto funcional do AVC. Resultados: Ambas as amostras foram estatisticamente comparáveis, considerando α<0,05. Na modalidade UACV houve uma clara diminuição nas complicações extra neurológicas (21,5% vs 58% da GH), especialmente nas infecciosas: urinária (3,8% vs 21,8% GH) e baixa respiratória (17,7% vs 27,3% GH) ; mortalidade (5.06% vs 10.4% GH) e dias de internação (17.2 dias vs 33.5 dias de GH). Os pacientes apresentaram melhores resultados funcionais na alta, exigindo menos prescrição de auxiliares técnicos: cadeira de rodas (18% vs. 45,9% de GH), andador ou bastão (18% contra 21,6% de GH). Conclusões: a abrangente abordagem UACV influencia positivamente a independência, a qualidade dos cuidados, os custos sociais e de bem-estar.