ABSTRACT
Background: The unprecedented outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) drastically spread worldwide, resulting in extraordinary measures put in place in various countries including Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) countries. Objective: To assess the factors associated with compliance with the public health measures imposed by various SSA countries. Method: Cross sectional study using self-administered surveys distributed on social media platforms between April 18th and May 16th, 2020, corresponding with the mandatory lockdown period in most SSA countries. Multivariate analysis examined the associated factors. Results: The prevalence of hand hygiene, quarantine, self isolation practices, wearing of face mask and attending large gatherings during COVID-19 were 94%, 39%, 31%, 64% and 14%, respectively. In multivariate models, older age 49+ years: adjusted OR 2.13, 95%CI 1.22,3.71), females (OR 1.41,95%CI 1.03,1.93), Central African countries (OR 3.73,95%CI 2.02,6.87) were associated with wearing face mask. Living alone (aOR 1.52,95%CI 1.04,2.24) during the lockdown was associated with avoiding large gatherings including religious events. Female respondents (aOR 1.61, 95%CI 1.30, 2.00), married (aOR 1.71,95%CI 1.33,2.21) and unemployed (aOR 1.62,95%CI 1.25,2.09) SSAs were more likely to practice self-quarantine measures. Conclusion: The low prevalence of mitigation practices suggest the need for targeted education campaign programs to sensitise the population.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Pandemics , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/prevention & control , Communicable Disease Control , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Public Health , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
Cerca de 90 a 95% de todos os tipos de câncer estão associados ao estilo de vida, sendo que um terço se correlaciona à alimentação, incluindo bebidas alcoólicas. Neste estudo, procuramos identificar a percepção pública de brasileiros sobre álcool e câncer. Foi realizada uma pesquisa construída com o auxílio da ferramenta online SurveyMonkey® divulgada pelo Facebook®. A amostra contou com 231 participantes entre 13 e 45anos, de 25 diferentes estados brasileiros e de todas as classes sociais. A maioria dos participantes (83%) acredita que a propaganda de bebidas alcóolicas influencia os outros, mas não a si próprios (87%). Baseadonos resultados, sugerimos uma estratégia de comunicação em saúde...
Approximately 90-95% of all cancers are associated with lifestyle, and a third of them is correlated to food,including alcohol consumption. In this study, we try to identify public perception of Brazilian alcohol consumptionand cancer. We did a survey constructed with an online tool: the SurveyMonkey® and announcedby Facebook®. The sample included 231 participants between 13 and 45 years old, from 25 different Brazilianstates and from all social classes. Brazilian people (83%) believe that alcohol advertisements influenceothers, but not themselves (87%). Based on the results, we suggest a strategy for health communication...
Aproximadamente 90 a 95% de todos los cánceres están asociados con el estilo de vida, y un tercio serelaciona con los alimentos, incluidas las bebidas alcohólicas. Este estudio trata de identificar la percepciónpública de los brasileños acerca del alcohol y del cáncer. Se realizó una búsqueda construida con la ayuda dela herramienta online SurveyMonkey® lanzada por el Facebook®. La muestra incluyó 231 participantesentre 13 y 45 años, procedentes de 25 estados brasileños diferentes y de todas las clases sociales. La mayoríade los participantes (83%) cree que la publicidad de la bebida alcohólica afecta a los demás, pero no a símismos (87%). Con base en los resultados, sugerimos una estrategia de comunicación en salud...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Alcohol Drinking/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Internet , Neoplasms , Perception , Propaganda , Risk-Taking , Self Efficacy , Brazil , Consumer Behavior , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Life Style , Social MediaABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: On Farm Emergency Slaughter (OFES) is the slaughter outside the slaughterhouse, of an otherwise healthy animal, which has suffered an accident that, for welfare reasons, prevented its transport to a slaughterhouse. The procedure is designed to prevent the transport of welfare compromised animals, which may have veterinary certification to slaughterhouses for Casualty Slaughter (CS), and provides an alternative to the euthanasia and disposal of injured animals that are otherwise fit for human consumption. The aim of this study was to analyse the operation of OFES in the Republic of Ireland between 1st January 2011 and 31st December 2013. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Animal Identification and Movement electronic database of the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine. Two structured surveys were designed, one for Official Veterinarians (OVs) who work in slaughterhouses and the second for Private Veterinary Practitioners (PVPs) who work in food animal practice in the Republic of Ireland. Surveys were administered through SurveyMonkey. The total number of bovines slaughtered and the number that underwent OFES in Northern Ireland and the Netherlands were obtained from the Northern Ireland Department of Agriculture and Rural Development and the Netherlands Food and Consumer Safety Authority. RESULTS: OFES is neither widely available nor used in the Republic of Ireland. Results from the OV survey showed that Food Business Operators consider that facilitation of OFES would be detrimental to business. Data from the 5 slaughterhouses which offer OFES showed that acceptance criteria are not standardised. Results from the PVP survey showed that 77 % (n = 79) of PVPs were willing to certify animals for OFES. Fifty four percent (n = 49) were aware of slaughterhouses in their area that provided the service of OFES and 64 % (n = 57) stated a willingness to certify the transport of acutely injured animals to slaughterhouses for CS. Data from the Northern Ireland Department of Agriculture and Rural Development and the Netherlands Food and Consumer Safety Authority indicated a low level of uptake of OFES in the Republic of Ireland compared to Northern Ireland and the Netherlands. CONCLUSION: Based on results reported here, criteria for assessment of risk associated with accepting animals for OFES should be reconsidered. A review of the systems pertaining to OFES and its implementation should be undertaken, including the level and quality of training of all stakeholders, with a view to making OFES more widely available in the Republic of Ireland.