Spanish Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Intensive Care Unit Delirium Playbook.

Background: A lack of high-quality provider education hinders the delivery of standard-of-care delirium detection and prevention practices in the intensive care unit (ICU). To fill this gap, we developed and validated an e-learning ICU Delirium Playbook consisting of eight videos and a 44-question knowledge assessment quiz. Given the increasing Spanish-speaking population worldwide, we translated and cross-culturally adapted the playbook from English into Spanish. Objective: To translate and culturally adapt the ICU Delirium Playbook into Spanish, the second most common native language worldwide. Methods: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation process included double forward and back translations and harmonization by a 14-person interdisciplinary team of ICU nurses and physicians, delirium experts, methodologists, medical interpreters, and bilingual professionals representing many Spanish-speaking global regions. After a preeducation quiz, a nurse focus group completed the playbook videos and posteducation quiz, followed by a semistructured interview. Results: The ICU Delirium Playbook: Spanish Version maintained conceptual equivalence to the English version. Focus group participants posted mean (standard deviation) pre- and post-playbook scores of 63% (10%) and 78% (12%), with a 15% (11%) pre-post improvement (P = 0.01). Participants reported improved perceived competency in performing the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU and provided positive feedback regarding the playbook. Conclusion: After translation and cultural adaptation, the ICU Delirium Playbook: Spanish Version yielded significant knowledge assessment improvements and positive feedback. The Spanish playbook is now available for public dissemination.

Contributions for the Validation of the European Portuguese Version of the Vascular Quality of Life-6 Questionnaire for Peripheral Artery Disease.

INTRODUCTION: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an occlusive atherosclerotic disease of the arteries of the extremities of the body that affects more than 230 million people worldwide. The most common symptom is intermittent claudication, described as leg pain which occurs mainly while walking. The symptoms impair the ambulation and functional capacity of patients, leading to loss of mobility, disease deterioration, increased risk of other cardiovascular diseases, and lower quality of life (QoL). Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the VascuQol-6 questionnaire for the Portuguese population to obtain a quick, sensitive, and easy-to-use way to assess the QoL of Portuguese patients diagnosed with PAD. METHODS: The Vascular Quality of Life-6 Questionnaire (VascuQoL-6) was adapted and translated into European Portuguese using standard validation methodology, including 115 patients with a mean age of 64.67 (7.23) years, with PAD with IC stable for more than three months; and ABI < 0.9 at rest. VascuQoL-6, SF-36, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and the PAD Knowledge Questionnaire (PADKQ) were used. Reliability, construct validity analysis through convergent and discriminant validity, known-group validity, and responsiveness analysis were tested. RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha was 0.64 and the average inter-item correlation was 0.27, indicating acceptable internal consistency. VascuQoL-6 was positively associated with SF-36 Physical Component Summary and Mental Component Summary scores (r = 0.64, p < 0.01 and r = 0.42, p < 0.01, respectively). In turn, there was no significant correlation between VascuQoL-6 scores and the PADKQ or IPAQ. A statistically significant difference between groups according to IC severity [F(2.47) = 8.35, p < 0.001] was found. A paired samples t-test showed differences between VascuQol-6 scores before a walking program (M = 15.65, SD = 3.09), and after a walking program (M = 17.41, SD = 2.71), t(67) = 3.94, p ≤ 0.001. CONCLUSION: The VascuQoL-6 is a six-item instrument to assess the QoL associated with PAD with good psychometric properties, convergent and discriminant validity with SF-36, PADKQ and IPAQ. The instrument proved to have known group validity and responsiveness.

BCLA CLEAR Presbyopia: Management with contact lenses and spectacles.

This paper seeks to outline the history, market situation, clinical management and product performance related to the correction of presbyopia with both contact lenses and spectacles. The history of the development of various optical forms of presbyopic correction are reviewed, and an overview is presented of the current market status of contact lenses and spectacles. Clinical considerations in the fitting and aftercare of presbyopic contact lens and spectacle lens wearers are presented, with general recommendations for best practice. Current options for contact lens correction of presbyopia include soft simultaneous, rigid translating and rigid simultaneous designs, in addition to monovision. Spectacle options include single vision lenses, bifocal lenses and a range of progressive addition lenses. The comparative performance of both contact lens and spectacle lens options is presented. With a significant proportion of the global population now being presbyopic, this overview is particularly timely and is designed to act as a guide for researchers, industry and eyecare practitioners alike.

Interpretation services used for non-English language speaking patients with head and neck cancer: Findings from a tertiary London cancer centre.

Background: Treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC) can lead to profound changes in swallowing function and nutrition. UK HNC standards recommend informational counselling is provided pre-treatment by the dietitian and speech and language therapist (SLT). Non-english speaking patients treated in English speaking countries have poorer treatment outcomes. UK guidance recommends all patients should have access to interpretation services where required. This audit aimed to investigate the language needs and utilisation of interpretation services for patients with HNC attending pre-treatment clinics. Methods: A retrospective casenote audit over two-years (2021-2023) of all patients attending pre-treatment clinics in a centralised London cancer centre. Information was collected from electronic hospital records on demographics, disease/treatment characteristics, first language; categorised as English primary language (EPL), non-English primary language (NEPL) and interpretation requirements; formal (professional interpreters) or informal (patients friends/relatives). Data was processed and collated using Microsoft Excel (Version 2308). Descriptive statistics were conducted using Excel Analysis ToolPak. Results: 408 patients were included. Most patients were male (67%), aged 61 ± 13 years. 18% (n = 74) had NEPL; 58 required interpretation services. Formal interpretation service was provided in 43% (n = 25), informal services in 33% (n = 19), and no service in 24% (n = 14). Non-adherence to formal services included lack of/inaccurate documentation of language needs, patient preference and lack of available interpreters. Conclusion: This audit indicated that barriers exist in utilising formal interpretation services. Future research should investigate how this can be optimised to ensure necessary language support is provided consistent with guidelines that promote equality, diversity, and inclusion.

Estrategias de traducción de textos médicos del inglés al español en el marco de la formación doctoral

Introducción: Perfeccionar las habilidades de comunicación y comprensión del inglés en los momentos actuales es una necesidad indispensable para aquellos que realizan estudios de maestría y doctorado, pues les permite divulgar los resultados de sus investigaciones con mayor precisión, así como asimilar claramente la literatura especializada que consulten. Objetivo: Analizar algunas de las principales estrategias de traducción empleadas por los participantes en el curso de comprensión y comunicación de los resultados de investigación. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación educativa en el periodo 2021-2022 en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos, para lo cual se seleccionó una muestra de 42 profesionales, matriculados en los programas de formación doctoral en ciencias biomédicas, estomatológicas y psicológicas. A tal efecto, se empleó la observación como método para describir el proceso de entrenamiento en traducción de textos médicos del inglés al español. Resultados: La estrategia más empleada por los doctorandos fue la traducción literal, que se halló en los 107 fragmentos analizados y en 86,9 % de estos fue la única aplicada; a esta le siguió la transposición (70,0 %). Los calcos léxicos constituyeron la estrategia menos usada, pues solo figuraron en 11,2 % de los textos médicos traducidos del inglés al español. Conclusiones: Las estrategias más utilizadas fueron la traducción literal y la transposición, lo cual se debe a que las estructuras léxicas y sintácticas sirven de base para establecer analogías entre los idiomas español e inglés y, por tanto, facilitan la reexpresión que conlleva el proceso de traducción.

Introduction: Improving communication and understanding skills in English at present is an indispensable necessity for those who conduct masters and doctorate studies, since they allow them to disclose the results of research with more precision, as well as to clearly assimilate the specialized literature. Objective: To analyze some of the main translation strategies used by the participants in the course about understanding and communication research results. Methods: An educational study was carried out in the period 2021-2022 at the University of Medical Sciences in Cienfuegos, with a sample of 42 professionals enrolled in doctoral training programs of biomedical, stomatological and psychological sciences. For this purpose, observation was used as a method to describe the training process in translation of medical texts from English to Spanish. Results: The most used strategy by doctorate students was literal translation, which was found in the 107 fragments analyzed, and it was the only one applied in 86.9% of the cases; followed by transposition (70.0%). Lexical calque was the least used strategy, as it only appeared in 11.2% of the medical texts translated from English to Spanish. Conclusions: The most used strategies were literal translation and transposition, which is due to the fact that lexical and syntactic structures serve as a basis for establishing analogies between Spanish and English languages and, therefore, facilitate the re-expression involved in translation process.

Translation and validation to Portuguese of a 60-item questionnaire to evaluate theoretical knowledge in fundus examination / Tradução e validação para o português de um questionário de 60 itens para avaliação do conhecimento teórico no exame de fundo de olho

ABSTRACT Purpose: To translate and validate a questionnaire that evaluates the theoretical knowledge regarding fundus examination. Methods: A 60-item multiple-choice English questionnaire that investigates various aspects of knowledge regarding fundus examination was translated into Portuguese. The process involved translation, back-translation, and evaluation by an expert committee. The resulting questionnaire was applied to final-year medical students and ophthalmology residents. Each included subject answered the questionnaire twice, with an interval of one week between each application. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, inter-rater reliability, and percentage agreement were calculated. Results: Thirty participants were included (25 medical students and 5 ophthalmology residents). The pass-fail cutoff was calculated at 46, the theoretical false positives were 8.7% and the theoretical false negatives were 2.8%. The observed false positive and false negative rates were 0%. Among the 60 items, test-retest reliability was strong in 17 items, which one had a negative correlation, moderate in 14 items, which one had a negative correlation, and weak in 29 items; inter-rater reliability of 34 items was under 0.4, 17 items were between 0.4 and 0.6, and 8 items were above 0.6. One item had a negative kappa. Among the percent agreement, 10 items were between 40%-60% agreement, 50 were above 60% agreement, and 18 were above 80%. Cronbach's alpha was calculated as 0.674. Conclusions: The translated questionnaire provided a standard instrument for future research and interventions to improve medical education in ophthalmology.

RESUMO Objetivos: Traduzir e validar para o português um questionário para avaliar o conhecimento teórico no exame de fundo de olho. Métodos: Um questionário de múltipla escolha de 60 questões em inglês, ao qual avalia diversos aspetos do conhecimento no exame de fundo de olho, foi traduzido para o português. O processo envolveu uma tradução, re-tradução e avaliação por um comitê de especialistas. O questionário resultante foi aplicado em estudantes de medicina do último ano e médicos-residentes em oftalmologia. Cada indivíduo respondeu o questionário duas vezes, com um intervalo de uma semana entre cada aplicação. A consistência interna, a confiança teste-reteste, a confiança entre avaliadores e a porcentagem de concordâncias foram calculadas. Resultados: Trinta participantes foram incluídos (25 estudantes de medicina e 5 residentes em oftalmologia). A nota de corte para aprovação-reprovação foi calculada em 46, sendo os falsos positivos teóricos de 8,7% e os falsos negativos teóricos 2,8%. No mesmo corte, os falsos positivos e falsos negativos observados foi de 0%. Dentre os 60 itens, a confiança teste-reteste foi forte em 17 itens, sendo que um apresentou uma correlação negativa, moderada em 14 itens, sendo que um apresentou uma correlação negativa, e fraca em 29 itens; a confiança inter-examinador foi inferior a 0,4 em 34 itens, entre 0,4 e 0,6 em 17 itens, e acima de 0,6 em 8 itens. Um dos itens apresentou um valor negativo. A porcentagem de concordância foi entre 40-60% em 10 itens, superior a 60% em 50 itens e acima de 80% em 18 itens. O alfa de Crombach foi calculado com 0,674. Conclusões: O questionário traduzido propicia um instrumento padronizado para futuras pesquisas e intervenções às quais visem aprimorar o ensino em oftalmologia.

Translation and cultural adaptation of the Children's Experiences of Dental Anxiety Measure (CEDAM) to Brazilian Portuguese / Tradução, adaptação cultural e análise das propriedades psicométricas da "Children's Experiences of Dental Anxiety Measure" para uso em crianças brasileiras

Objetivo: A escala Children's Experiences of Dental Anxiety Measure (CEDAM) foi originalmente desenvolvida em Inglês para avaliar importantes aspectos da ansiedade odontológica em crianças. Os objetivos do estudo foram traduzir e realizar a adaptação cultural da CEDAM para o Português Brasileiro. Material e Métodos: A CEDAM consiste de 14 itens, medidos por escala Likert de 3 pontos, que indica a intensidade da ansiedade odontológica. O questionário foi traduzido para o Português Brasileiro, retraduzido para o Inglês, revisado por um Comitê de Especialistas e pré-testado em 10 escolares de oito a doze anos. Resultados: O Comitê Revisor de Especialistas comparou as versões original, traduzida (T1, T2) e retraduzida (BT1, BT2) e recomendou algumas mudanças a fim de obter uma boa compreensão dos itens. No pré-teste, somente a questão 8 não foi compreendida por uma criança, isto é, a versão traduzida foi bem compreendida por mais de 85% dos participantes. Conclusão: A versão brasileira da CEDAM foi culturalmente adaptada para a população avaliada de crianças.(AU)

Objective: The Children's Experiences of Dental Anxiety Measure (CEDAM) was originally developed in English to assess important aspects of dental anxiety for children. The aims of the study were to translate and perform the cultural adaptation of the CEDAM to Brazilian Portuguese. Material and Methods: The CEDAM consists of 14 items, measured by a Likert scale of 3 points, that indicates the intensity of dental anxiety. The questionnaire was translated to Brazilian Portuguese, back-translated to English, reviewed by an Expert Committee and pretested in 10 eight- to twelve-year-old schoolchildren. Results: The Expert Committee Review compared the original, translated (T1, T2) and back-translated (BT1, BT2) versions and recommended some changes in order to achieve good understanding of the items. In the pretest, only question 8 was misunderstood by one child, i.e., the translated version was well-understood by more than 85% of the participants. Conclusion: The Brazilian CEDAM was culturally adapted for the evaluated population of children(AU)

Tradução e adaptação transcultural do questionário "Quality of Alimentation" para o português brasileiro / Translation and cross cultural adaptation of the questionnaire "Quality of Alimentation" for brazilian portuguese

RESUMO Objetivo Traduzir e adaptar transculturalmente o questionário "Quality of Alimentation" do inglês para a língua portuguesa do Brasil. Método O processo de tradução e adaptação transcultural do questionário "Quality of Alimentation" segue as seguintes etapas: tradução por dois tradutores bilíngues nativos do idioma alvo, síntese das versões e retradução por dois tradutores nativos do idioma de origem e, por fim, revisão da retradução para submissão a um comitê de juízes especialistas. Uma vez aprovado, o questionário seguiu para teste com usuários a fim de avaliar a clareza, compreensibilidade e aceitabilidade da versão traduzida. Resultados Na versão final em português brasileiro do questionário "Quality of Alimentation" o instrumento mostrou-se de claro entendimento e fácil aplicabilidade. Conclusão O questionário traduzido e adaptado para o português brasileiro, representa um passo significativo para melhora na avaliação da intolerância alimentar pós cirurgia bariátrica. Novos estudos são necessários para a validação das propriedades psicométricas do instrumento no Brasil.

ABSTRACT Purpose We aimed to provide translation and cultural adaptation of the questionnaire "Quality of Alimentation" from English to Brazilian Portuguese. Methods The transcultural translation process consisted of the following steps: translation of the original English version to Portuguese by two bilingual translators native in the targeted language; Reverse translation by two translators native in the original language; Review of reverse translation; Review of the Portuguese version from the questionnaire by a local committee of experts in bariatric surgery; Pre-trial to evaluate of clarity, comprehension, and overall acceptability by the target population. Results In its final Portuguese version, the questionnaire "Quality of alimentation" was found to be of clear comprehension and easy applicability. Conclusion The questionnaire's translation and cultural adaptation for Brazilian Portuguese represents an important step towards improving food tolerance evaluation following bariatric surgery. Further studies are however necessary for validation of its psychometric properties in Brazil.

Plant mRNAs move into a fungal pathogen via extracellular vesicles to reduce infection.

Cross-kingdom small RNA trafficking between hosts and microbes modulates gene expression in the interacting partners during infection. However, whether other RNAs are also transferred is unclear. Here, we discover that host plant Arabidopsis thaliana delivers mRNAs via extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. A fluorescent RNA aptamer reporter Broccoli system reveals host mRNAs in EVs and recipient fungal cells. Using translating ribosome affinity purification profiling and polysome analysis, we observe that delivered host mRNAs are translated in fungal cells. Ectopic expression of two transferred host mRNAs in B. cinerea shows that their proteins are detrimental to infection. Arabidopsis knockout mutants of the genes corresponding to these transferred mRNAs are more susceptible. Thus, plants have a strategy to reduce infection by transporting mRNAs into fungal cells. mRNAs transferred from plants to pathogenic fungi are translated to compromise infection, providing knowledge that helps combat crop diseases.

Beyond translation: Transcreation of a clinicians' guide to structure discussions about health-related values with Latinx patients throughout cancer.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to ensure accurate translation and cultural appropriateness of a guide designed to help oncology clinicians provide person-centered care to Spanish-speaking Latinx patients with cancer. METHODS: Initial translation of a clinician-patient values discussion guide in open-ended question format ("Guide") was pretested in interviews with 27 Spanish-speaking individuals, followed by national expert panel review. At three sites, semi-structured, in-depth, audio-recorded interviews in the participant's preferred language (Spanish/English) were then conducted with Latinx patients receiving systemic treatment for a solid tumor malignancy and family joining them at clinic. RESULTS: Interviews of 43 patient/family participants representing diverse Latinx communities addressed the Guide's understandability, acceptability, relevance and responsiveness. Rapid analysis of interviews contributed to cultural adaptation/transcreation of the Guide for a pilot interventional trial. CONCLUSION: Moving beyond translation to transcreation can help promote inclusion, equity, and cultural sensitivity in oncologic care/communication. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Clinicians now have a linguistically- and culturally-adapted guide including questions and prompts to help structure discussions in Spanish or English of health-related values with Latinx patients receiving oncologic care.

Translational profiling identifies sex-specific metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming of cortical microglia/macrophages in APPPS1-21 mice with an antibiotic-perturbed-microbiome.

BACKGROUND: Microglia, the brain-resident macrophages perform immune surveillance and engage with pathological processes resulting in phenotype changes necessary for maintaining homeostasis. In preceding studies, we showed that antibiotic-induced perturbations of the gut microbiome of APPPS1-21 mice resulted in significant attenuation in Aß amyloidosis and altered microglial phenotypes that are specific to male mice. The molecular events underlying microglial phenotypic transitions remain unclear. Here, by generating 'APPPS1-21-CD11br' reporter mice, we investigated the translational state of microglial/macrophage ribosomes during their phenotypic transition and in a sex-specific manner. METHODS: Six groups of mice that included WT-CD11br, antibiotic (ABX) or vehicle-treated APPPS1-21-CD11br males and females were sacrificed at 7-weeks of age (n = 15/group) and used for immunoprecipitation of microglial/macrophage polysomes from cortical homogenates using anti-FLAG antibody. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and label-free quantification was used to identify newly synthesized peptides isolated from polysomes. RESULTS: We show that ABX-treatment leads to decreased Aß levels in male APPPS1-21-CD11br mice with no significant changes in females. We identified microglial/macrophage polypeptides involved in mitochondrial dysfunction and altered calcium signaling that are associated with Aß-induced oxidative stress. Notably, female mice also showed downregulation of newly-synthesized ribosomal proteins. Furthermore, male mice showed an increase in newly-synthesized polypeptides involved in FcγR-mediated phagocytosis, while females showed an increase in newly-synthesized polypeptides responsible for actin organization associated with microglial activation. Next, we show that ABX-treatment resulted in substantial remodeling of the epigenetic landscape, leading to a metabolic shift that accommodates the increased bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands associated with microglial polarization in a sex-specific manner. While microglia in ABX-treated male mice exhibited a metabolic shift towards a neuroprotective phenotype that promotes Aß clearance, microglia in ABX-treated female mice exhibited loss of energy homeostasis due to persistent mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired lysosomal clearance that was associated with inflammatory phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Our studies provide the first snapshot of the translational state of microglial/macrophage cells in a mouse model of Aß amyloidosis that was subject to ABX treatment. ABX-mediated changes resulted in metabolic reprogramming of microglial phenotypes to modulate immune responses and amyloid clearance in a sex-specific manner. This microglial plasticity to support neuro-energetic homeostasis for its function based on sex paves the path for therapeutic modulation of immunometabolism for neurodegeneration.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the new Reynell developmental language scales to Brazilian Portuguese.

OBJECTIVE: Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of The New Reynell Developmental Language Scales (NRDLS) to Portuguese spoken in Brazil. METHOD: We followed the steps recommended in the manual Multilingual Toolkit da NRDLS: translation of the test, adaptation of items from the scales, and use of NRDLS in a pilot study with Brazilian children. It was included a back-translation and analysis by a group of specialists in the area that helped to review the adapted version. A quantitative descriptive analysis of results from the pilot group was performed, and we used a one-way repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: The Brazilian Portuguese version of the NRDLS seems very similar to the original NRDLS in terms of conceptual equivalence. The children understood well the translated and adapted words, and they had more difficulty in the last sessions. Some of the mistakes made by the children helped us to adapt specific items for a better evaluation of the abilities of Brazilian children. CONCLUSION: The suggestions in the Multilingual Toolkit, the input from the group of specialists, and the experience with the children in the pilot group helped the adaptation of the NRDLS to Brazilian Portuguese. The adapted version of NRDLS was effective, it reflected the gradual evolution of complexity in the scales. We suggest the application of the adapted version in a large group of children with normal development to validate it.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the FRAIL scale for critically ill patients in Spain.

AIM: To translate and culturally adapt the FRAIL scale into Spanish and perform a preliminary test of diagnostic accuracy in patients admitted to intensive care units. DESIGN: Cross-sectional diagnostic study. METHODS: Five intensive care units (ICU) in Spain were participated. Stage 1: Three native Spanish-speaking bilingual translators familiar with the field of critical care translated the scale from English into Spanish. Stage 2: Three native English-speaking bilingual translators familiar with critical care medicine. Stage 3: Authors of the original scale compared the English original and back-translated versions of the scale. Stage 4: Five nurses with more than 5 years of ICU experience and five critical care physicians assessed the comprehension and relevance of each of the items of the Spanish version in 30 patients of 3 different age ranges (<50, 50-65 and >65 years). RESULTS: The FRAIL scale was translated and adapted cross-culturally for patients admitted to intensive care units in Spain. The process consisted of four stages: translation, back translation, comparison and pilot test. There was good correspondence between the original scale and the Spanish version in 100% of the items. The participating patients assessed the relevance (content validity) and comprehensibility (face validity) of each of the items of the first Spanish version. The relevance of some of the items scored low when the scale was used in patients younger than 65 years. CONCLUSIONS: We have cross-culturally adapted the FRAIL scale, originally in English, to Spanish for its use in the critical care medical setting in Spanish-speaking countries. IMPLICATIONS FOR PROFESSIONALS: Physicians and nurses can apply the new scale to all patients admitted to the intensive care units. Nursing care can be adapted according to frailty, trying to reduce the side effects of admission to these units for the most fragile patients. REPORTING METHOD: The manuscript's authors have adhered to the EQUATOR guidelines, using the COSMIN reporting guideline for studies on the measurement properties of patient-reported outcome measures. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: In a pilot clinical study, we applied the first version of the FRAIL-Spain scale to intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Five nurses with more than 5 years of ICU experience and five critical care physicians assessed the relevance (content validity) and comprehensibility (face validity) of the five items of the first Spanish version. Relevance was assessed using a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (no relevance) to 4 (high relevance), and comprehensibility was assessed as poor, acceptable or good. Each health professional applied the scale to three patients (total number of patients = 30) of three different age ranges (<50, 50-65 and >65 years) and recorded the time of application of the scale to each patient. Although the frailty scales were initially created by geriatricians to be applied to the elders, there is little experience with their application in critically ill patients of any age. Therefore, more information is needed to determine the relevance of using this scale in critical care patients. In this pilot study, we considered that nurses and critical care physicians should evaluate frailty using this adapted scale in adult patients admitted to the Intensive Care Units.

Validation of the Simplified Chinese Palliative Care Nursing Self-Competence Scale: Two Cross-sectional Studies.

BACKGROUND: Due to the increasing burden of life-limiting illnesses, the need for palliative care has increased. Nurses' palliative care competence is a vital factor in improving its accessibility. A reliable instrument is needed to measure nurses' competence in providing palliative care. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to translate and culturally adapt the Palliative Care Nursing Self-Competence Scale (PCNSC) into the Palliative Care Nursing Self-Competence Scale-Simplified Chinese (PCNSC-SC). METHODS: Two cross-sectional studies were conducted after content validity had been confirmed during the instrument's translation and adaption. The convergent validity, construct validity, internal consistency, and homogeneity were evaluated in both the first and second studies. Test-retest reliability was assessed only in the first study. Clinical nurses who had a registered nurse qualification certificate and at least 12 months of work experience from a tertiary hospital in Hubei, China participated in the 2 studies. RESULTS: The PCNSC-SC contains 8 dimensions and 34 items, based on goodness-of-fit indices and confirmatory factor analysis. The Cronbach's alpha of the PCNSC-SC was .984 and .990 in the 2 studies, respectively. The test-retest reliability of the PCNSC-SC after 2 weeks was .717. CONCLUSION: The PCNSC-SC can be used to evaluate perceived self-competence in palliative care of Chinese nurses with good reliability and validity.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the anchor points of the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium scale into Portuguese / Tradução e adaptação transcultural dos pontos âncoras da escala Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium para língua portuguesa

ABSTRACT Objective: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium anchor points from English to Brazilian Portuguese. Methods: For the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the anchor points, all steps recommended internationally were followed after authorization for use by the lead author. The stages were as follows: translation of the original version into Portuguese by two bilingual translators who were native speakers of the target language, synthesis of the versions, reverse translation by two translators who were native speakers of the source language, review and synthesis of the back-translation, review by a committee of experts and preparation of the final version. Results: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the anchor points was conducted in accordance with recommendations. The linguistic and semantic issues that arose were discussed by a committee of judges, with 91.8% agreement, as determined using a Likert scale, after changes by consensus. After reanalysis by the authors, there were no changes, resulting in the final version, which was easy to understand and administer. Conclusion: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the anchor points of the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium scale into Portuguese spoken in Brazil were successful, maintaining the linguistic and semantic properties of the original instrument. The table of anchor points is easy to understand and will be helpful during the assessment of children younger than 24 months using the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium scale.

RESUMO Objetivo: Traduzir e realizar a adaptação transcultural dos pontos âncoras da escala Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium do inglês para a língua portuguesa do Brasil. Métodos: O processo de tradução e adaptação transcultural dos pontos âncoras seguiu todas as etapas recomendadas internacionalmente após a autorização de uso pela autora principal. As etapas foram: tradução da versão original para língua portuguesa por dois tradutores bilíngues nativos do idioma-alvo; síntese das versões; tradução reversa por dois tradutores nativos do idioma de origem; revisão e síntese da retradução; revisão por um comitê de juízes formado por especialistas e elaboração da versão final. Resultados: O processo de tradução e adaptação transcultural dos pontos âncoras seguiu as recomendações. As questões linguísticas e semânticas que surgiram foram discutidas pelo comitê de juízes, no qual se observou concordância de 91,8% pela escala de Likert com pequenas alterações de forma consensual. Após reanálise dos autores, não houve alterações, resultando na versão final, de fácil compreensão e administração. Conclusão: A tradução e a adaptação transcultural dos pontos âncoras da escala de Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium para a língua portuguesa falada no Brasil foram bem-sucedidas com manutenção das propriedades linguísticas e semânticas do instrumento original. A tabela dos pontos âncoras mostrou ser de fácil compreensão e auxílio durante a avaliação das crianças abaixo de 24 meses por meio da escala de Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium.

Operationalising masculinities in theories and practices of gender-transformative health interventions: a scoping review.

Gender-transformative health interventions that involve men and boys are gaining global reach, adaptability to specific geographical, population and epidemiological contexts, public endorsement, and conceptual sophistication. However, the ways in which masculinities are conceptualised and operationalised in theory and practice across these interventions remains unclear. The purpose of this scoping review is to map intervention studies that conceptually grapple with masculinities and analyse: a) how the concept of masculinities is adapted and operationalised in gender-transformative interventions, with respect to intervention population and context, b) what the relationship between the concept of masculinities and its wider theoretical embedding is, and c) on which levels transformation can be observed when working with 'masculinities'.We conducted a search in APA Psych Articles, APA PsycINFO, and CINAHL via EBSCO, MedLine, PubMed, and Web of Sciences (December 2021) looking for peer-reviewed studies on gender-transformative health interventions which engaged with masculinities conceptually. There were no restrictions regarding language, publication date, or geography. Forty-two articles were included in this review. Our abductive analysis finds that 'hegemonic masculinities' is a central concept in almost all included studies. This shows how the concept is adaptable to a range of different intervention contexts. The review further identifies five theoretical approaches, that help operationalise masculinities on an analytical level: feminist framework, affect theory, critical pedagogy, theories of social change, and ecological approaches. Lastly, this review draws out six levels on which transformation can be observed in the intervention outcomes: relational level, symbolic level, material level, affective level, cognitive-behavioural level, and community-structural level. The discussion underlines that processes and practices of (gender) transformation also require engagement with theories of transformation more widely and advocates for theoretical pluralism. Lastly, implications for practice, including preventative, ecological and community-based care models, are drawn out.

Ethanol-induced transcriptional and translational changes in Aldh1l1-Egfp/Rpl10a cortical astrocyte cultures.

The role astrocytes play in brain development and function has garnered greater attention as the diversity of roles they are involved in has become apparent. We have previously shown that ethanol-exposed astrocytes alter neuronal neurite outgrowth in an in vitro co-culture system and that ethanol alters the astrocyte-produced extracellular matrix (ECM) in vitro, with similar alterations in vivo. In this study, we utilized the translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) procedure in Aldh1l1-EGFP/Rpl10a transgenic mouse primary cortical astrocyte cultures to transcriptionally and translationally profile the astrocyte response to ethanol. We found a large number of differences between the total RNA pool and the translating RNA pool, indicating that the transcriptional state of astrocytes may not always reflect the translational state of astrocytes. In addition, there was a considerable overlap between ethanol-dysregulated genes in the total RNA pool and the translating RNA pool. Comparisons to published datasets indicate the in vitro model used here is most similar to PD1 or PD7 in vivo cortical astrocytes, and the ethanol-regulated genes showed a significant overlap with models of chronic ethanol exposure in astrocytes, a model of third-trimester ethanol exposure in the hippocampus and cerebellum, and an acute model of ethanol exposure in the hippocampus. These findings will further our understanding of the effects of ethanol on astrocyte gene expression and protein translation and how these changes may alter brain development and support the use of in vitro astrocyte cultures as models of neonatal astrocytes.

Minnesota Tobacco Withdrawal Scale revision 2020, validated Czech translation.

Most smokers are addicted to tobacco or nicotine not only psychosocially but also physically, what results in withdrawal symptoms after they miss their dose. These are one of the major barriers to quitting. In the treatment of tobacco dependence, the evaluation of the degree of withdrawal symptoms helps to guide psychobehavioral intervention and, above all, the choice of the type, dose, and duration of pharmacotherapy. The Minnesota Withdrawal Symptoms Scale is one of the most widely used for this purpose, revised in 2020. We present a validated translation of this update.

Validación para la población portuguesa de la “international consultation on incontinence questionnaire-urinary incontinence short form” (ICIQ-UI SF) / Validação para a população portuguesa do “international consultation on incontinence questionnaire-urinary incontinence short form” (ICIQ-UI SF) / Validation of the “International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire – Urinary Incontinence Short form (ICIQ-UISF) for the Portuguese population

Introducción: La Incontinencia urinaria puede considerarse una condición común asociada con el proceso de envejecimiento con síntomas extremadamente incapacitantes, siendo de dos a tres veces más frecuente en mujeres que en hombres. El uso de instrumentos validados para el diagnóstico inicial de la incontinencia urinaria es fundamental para obtener uniformidad y sistematización en la valoración de esta condición. Objetivo: Adaptar y validar el International Consultation Questionnaire Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF) para la población portuguesa. Método: Dos traducciones independientes del ICIQ-UI SF fueron realizadas por traductores portugueses con fluidez en inglés. Después de armonizarlos, la traducción resultante fue retrotraduzida de forma independiente por dos traductores ingleses que hablan portugués con fluidez. La versión final del ICIQ-UI SF al portugués se aplicó a 90 usuarios de la consulta externa de urología, ingresados de urología y consulta de ginecología de un hospital ubicado en Gaia. Se evaluaron las propiedades psicométricas y la fiabilidad del cuestionario. Resultados: No se observaron cambios en el formato original del ICIQ-UI SF al final del proceso de traducción y adaptación del instrumento. La edad promedio de los participantes fue de 55 años. La consistencia interna fue alta, como lo demuestra el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach (0,85). El coeficiente de Pearson para las preguntas 3 y 4 fue de 0,88 y para las preguntas 4 y 5 fue de 0,82. La evaluación se consideró satisfactoria y estadísticamente significativa. Conclusión: La versión portuguesa del ICIQ-UI SF se validó con éxito, lo que permitió aplicarlo a la población portuguesa con confiabilidad y validez de constructo satisfactorias. (AU)

Introduction: Urinary incontinence can be considered a common condition associated with the aging process with extremely disabling symptoms, being two to three times more prevalent in women than in men. The use of validated instruments for the initial diagnosis of urinary incontinence is essential to obtain uniformity and systematization in the assessment of this condition. Objective: To adapt and validate the International Consultation Questionnaire Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF) for the Portuguese population. Methodology: Two independent translations of the ICIQ-UI SF were performed by Portuguese translators fluent in English. After harmonizing them, the resulting translation was independently back translated by two English translators fluent in Portuguese. The final version of the ICIQ-UI SF into Portuguese was applied to 90 users of the outpatient urology, urology and gynecology inpatient clinic of a hospital located in Gaia. The psychometric properties and reliability of the questionnaire were evaluated. Results: No changes to the original format of the ICIQ-UI SF were observed at the end of the instrument's translation and adaptation process. The average age of participants was 55 years. Internal consistency was high, as demonstrated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.85). Pearson's coefficient for questions 3 and 4 was 0.88 and for questions 4 and 5 it was 0.82. The evaluation was considered satisfactory and statistically significant. Conclusion: The Portuguese version of the ICIQ-UI SF was successfully validated, making it possible to apply it to the Portuguese population with satisfactory reliability and construct validity. (AU)

Introdução: A incontinência urinária pode ser considerada como uma condição comum associada ao processo de envelhecimento com sintomas extremamente incapacitantes, sendo duas a três vezes mais prevalente nas mulheres do que nos homens. A utilização de instrumentos validados para o diagnóstico inicial da incontinência urinária, é fundamental para obter uma uniformização e sistematização na avaliação desta condição. Objetivo: Adaptar e validar para a população portuguesa o International Consultation Questionnaire Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF)Metodologia: Foram realizadas duas traduções independentes do ICIQ-UI SF por tradutores portugueses, fluentes na língua inglesa. Após harmonização das mesmas, a tradução resultante foi retrotraduzida de forma independente por dois tradutores ingleses, fluentes em português. A versão final do ICIQ-UI SF para o português foi aplicado a 90 utentes da consulta externa de urologia, internamento de urologia e de ginecologia de um hospital, localizado em Gaia. Foram avaliadas as propriedades psicométricas e a confiabilidade do questionário. Resultados: Nenhuma alteração ao formato original do ICIQ-UI SF foi observada no final do processo de tradução e adaptação do instrumento. A idade média dos participantes foi de 55 anos. A consistência interna foi alta, como demonstrado pelo coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach (0,85). O coeficiente de Pearson para as perguntas 3 e 4 foi de 0,88 e para as perguntas 4 e 5 foi de 0,82. A avaliação foi considerada satisfatória e estatisticamente significativa. Conclusão: A versão para português do ICIQ-UI SF foi validada com sucesso tornando possível a sua aplicação na população portuguesa com satisfatória confiabilidade e validade de construto. (AU)

Russian-language translation and cultural adaptation of the Norwegian 'Patient Experience Questionnaire'.

The availability of patient-reported experience measures (PREM) is an unmet need in Russian healthcare. Objective: To translate, adapt culturally, and validate PREM for outpatients. Methods: A core set of questions from the Patient Experience Questionnaire (PEQ, in Norwegian, available in English) was translated to Russian (forward-backward translation). Acceptability, construct validity, and reliability were assessed. Patients aged ≥18 y.o. were invited to complete the questionnaire via QR-code within 24 h after a medical encounter. Results: A questionnaire with adequate conceptual and linguistic equivalence was obtained. For four questions, a rating scale was replaced by Likert-type. A total of 308 responses were received (median age 55 y.o., 52% females). The correlation matrix was factorable. Four factors were extracted using varimax rotation: 1) outcome of this specific visit; 2) communication experiences; 3) communication competency; 4) emotions after this visit. These explained 65.4% of the total variance. Three items were excluded. The model was confirmed to be adequate. The Cronbach alpha was >0.9. Item-total correlation confirmed discriminative validity. Conclusion: These preliminary results show that the Russian version of PEQ, adapted to national features, shows good psychometric properties. External validation is needed for the broad implementation of this PREM. Innovation: This research is first attempt to use PREM in the Russian Federation. The use of quick response codes is feasible and eases survey conduction. The more PREMs are used the higher the quality of healthcare.