Why avoid naming diseases after animals? The case of "Molluscum contagiosum".

For over 200 years, the name molluscum contagiosum-a dermatological disease-has unfairly associated molluscs (the second largest group of animals on the planet) with this highly contagious infectious disease. Herein, arguments are presented demonstrating the serious problem of continuing to use this name, including animal welfare concerns. Thus, to minimize any unnecessary impacts on the biodiversity and conservation of molluscs, we follow WHO best practices in naming diseases to suggest the use of the new term 'wpox' or 'water warts' as a synonym for molluscum contagiosum.

Cold urticaria as a complication of cryotherapy in the treatment of viral warts.

Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen has been established as the first-line treatment for pediatric patients with viral warts. Cold-induced urticaria (CU) is a rare skin reaction triggered by cold stimuli. We present the case of a pediatric patient with viral warts who developed CU after receiving cryotherapy.

Association of tobacco use and the presence of anal warts in people who attend the anal Neoplasia clinic in Puerto Rico.

Background: Limited research exists regarding the association between smoking and anal warts. In this study, we evaluated this association among a clinic-based Hispanic population in Puerto Rico. Methods: Cross-sectional study among eligible patients seen at the Anal Neoplasia Clinic of the University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center (2016-2023) (n = 920). Sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected from medical records. Patients underwent a high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) during the clinical visit; physicians assessed anal condylomas on HRA. Poisson regression models with robust standard errors were used to evaluate the association between smoking and anal warts. Demographic and clinical factors were also assessed. Results: The mean age of participants was 45.8 ± 13.1 years, 66.4 % were men, and 21.6 % were current smokers. While 10.8 % self-reported a history of anogenital condylomas, 18.9 % had anal condylomas on clinical evaluation. A higher prevalence of anal condylomas was observed among current smokers (PR = 1.28, 95 % CI: 0.94-1.75) in comparison to non-smokers in adjusted analysis, but this was not statistically significant. However, a higher prevalence of anal condylomas was observed among younger individuals (PR = 0.96, 95 % CI: 0.96-0.98) and individuals with anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) as compared to those with benign histology (PR = 1.74. 95 % CI: 1.09-2.77). Conclusions: Although current smoking seemed to be positively associated with anal condylomas in this high-risk Hispanic population, this finding was not statistically significant as the power to detect an association was limited. However, younger age and HSIL diagnosis were associated with a higher prevalence of anal condylomas.

Impacto Terapêutico da Associação do Uso de Imiquimode e Criocirurgia no Tratamento de Verrugas Subungueais e Periungueais: Relato de Caso / Therapeutic Impact of the Association of Imiquimod Use and Cryosurgery in the Treatment of Subungual and Periungual Warts: Case Report

Introdução: Habitualmente, as verrugas virais são causadas pelo papilomavírus humano (HPV) e, embora tenham tendência à resolu- ção espontânea, quando crônicas, conferem resistência terapêutica. Objetivo: Divulgar um caso de sucesso terapêutico da associação do uso de imiquimode e criocirurgia para verrugas virais periungueais e subungueais. Relato do caso: O relato é de um homem de 56 anos, com cinco anos de evolução de verrugas subungueais e periungueais distribuídas na maioria dos dedos das mãos. Anteriormente, foi tratado com antifúngicos pelo resultado micológico, sem sucesso. Foi submetido à biópsia subungueal, cujo anatomopatológico confirmou verruga plana. Foi proposto o tratamento combinado de imiquimode creme 5% e criocirurgia. Evoluiu com resolução completa das lesões virais. Conclusão: Os autores demonstram a importância dos achados anatomopatológicos no diagnóstico de verrugas virais recalcitrantes, bem como é ressaltada a eficácia da associação do uso de imiquimode e criocirurgia.

Introduction: Viral warts are usually caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), and although they tend to resolve spontaneously, when chronic, they confer therapeutic resistance. Aim: To report a case of therapeutic success of imiquimod and cryosurgery combination for periungual and subungual viral warts. Case Report: The report is of a 56-year-old man with five years of evolution of subungual and periungual warts distributed on most fingers of the hands. Previously, he received treatment with antifungal drugs due to the mycological result, but it was unsuccessful. He underwent a subungual biopsy, whose pathology confirmed the flat wart. A combined treatment of imiquimod cream 5% and cryosurgery was proposed. The patient evolved with complete resolution of the viral lesions. Conclusion: The authors demonstrate the importance of pathological findings in the diagnosis of recalcitrant viral warts, as well as the efficacy of the association of imiquimod and cryosurgery.

Clinical and Molecular Profile of Patients With Condyloma Acuminatum Treated in the Brazilian Public Healthcare System.

Condyloma acuminatum is a common clinical outcome of human papillomavirus (HPV) in men. A prospective investigation was performed of the clinical and molecular profile of 122 patients with condyloma acuminatum treated by the Brazilian public healthcare system. The patients were evaluated clinically. The fragments were submitted to molecular analysis for the identification of HPV genotypes. A total of 104 (85.2%) patients presented multiple warts and 18 (14.8%) presented a single wart. The predominant location was the body of the penis (48.4% of cases of multiple warts and 7.4% of cases of single warts), and 49 (40.2%) cases were recurrences and 73 (59.8%) were initial occurrences. Regarding sexual activity, 56 patients (45.9%) had multiple partners and 65 (53.3%) had a single partner. The most frequent genotype was HPV6 (70%). In conclusion, the most frequent anatomic location of condyloma acuminatum was the body of the penis in the present sample. The present findings suggest that the natural history of infection by HPV is not yet completely known and that greater care is needed to ensure clinical safety in the follow-up of these patients due to the oncogenic potential.

Verrugas plantares recalcitrantes tratadas exitosamente con sólo una sesión de Láser PDL. A propósito de 3 casos / Recalcitrant plantar warts successfully treated with one PDL session. About 3 cases

Resumen Las verrugas plantares son una patología común en la población. Estas lesiones son a menudo dolorosas y recidivantes. Entre los tratamientos más utilizados están las terapias tópicas destructivas y menos frecuentemente el tratamiento quirúrgico. Sin embargo, con frecuencia recurren, por lo que representan un desafío para el dermatólogo. Presentamos 3 casos de pacientes varones adultos con verrugas plantares recalcitrantes que fueron tratadas exitosamente con una sola sesión de láser PDL, sin recidiva luego de 8 a 12 meses de seguimiento.

Abstract Plantar warts are a common pathology in the population. These lesions are often painful and recurring. Among the most used treatments are topical destructive therapies, and less frequently, surgical treatment. However, they frequently recur, so they represent a challenge for the dermatologist. We present 3 adult males with a recalcitrant plantar wart that were successfully treated with a single PDL laser session, without relapse after 8-12 months of follow-up.

Tipificación del virus del papiloma humano en lesiones de cavidad bucal. Estudio desarrollado en los servicios de estomatología, Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cartagena y el Hospital Alemán de Buenos Aires / Typing of human papillomavirus in oral cavity lesions in stomatology services at the Faculty of Dentistry of the Universidad de Cartagena and the Hospital Alemán de Buenos Aires

Objetivo: describir las características clínicas epidemiológicas en cavidad bucal de la infección por VPH y la asociación con su tipificación molecular. Métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico de corte transversal en 52 pacientes que acudieron a los servicios de estomatología en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cartagena y al Hospital Alemán de Buenos Aires, a quienes se les abrió historia clínica y se les practicó prueba de PCR en tiempo real para la tipificación del VPH. Resultados: el análisis de los datos se efectuó a través de frecuencia y porcentaje. En cuanto a la parte inferencial, se usó la prueba chi cuadrado con un nivel de confianza P<0,05. De los 52 pacientes analizados, 67.3% eran mujeres con un predominio de edad entre los 50-59 años. El serotipo mayormente encontrado fue VPH 6, seguido del VPH 11 y otros tipos de VPH. La lesión elemental más preponderante fue la verrugosidad y la ubicación de predominio, la lengua. Conclusión: las infecciones por VPH se manifiestan frecuentemente en cavidad bucal con verrugosidades en lengua. Su estudio epidemiológico, incluyendo su tipificación, permitiría encontrar lesiones características para un diagnóstico, seguimiento y tratamiento oportuno.

Objective: Analyze the most common epidemiological clinical characteristics of HPV infection in the oral cavity and its molecular typing. Methods: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was carried out in 52 patients who attended the stomatology services of the Universidad de Cartagena and the Hospital Alemán de Buenos Aires; a complete clinical history was carried out, including stomatological examination, biopsy, pathological study and real-time PCR test for HPV typing. Results: The data analysis was carried out by means of frequency and percentage. Regarding the inferential part, the chi-square test was used with a confidence level of P <0.05. Of the 52 studied patients 67.3% were women; with a predominant age between 50-59 years. The most common serotype found was HPV 6, followed by HPV 11 and other types of HPV. The predominant lesion was the wart and the predominant location, the tongue. Conclusion: The HPV infections are frequently manifested in oral cavity with Verrugosities in language and its typing, would allow a timely diagnosis of pharynx cancer.

Hallazgos en piel en pacientes con infección por VIH en Bogotá / Skin findings in patients with HIV infection in Bogotá

RESUMEN Objetivo Describir los hallazgos en piel y las características sociodemográficas de pacientes VIH positivos atendidos en un centro de remisión en Bogotá. Métodos Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, incluyendo adultos con infección por VIH atendidos en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio de Bogotá, entre abril de 2019 y febrero de 2020. A partir de un interrogatorio, un examen físico y la revisión de historias clínicas, se registraron hallazgos en piel, datos de terapia antirretroviral recibida, conteo de linfocitos CD4+ y carga viral para VIH, así como pruebas micológicas e histopatológicas (cuando fueron necesarias). Resultados Se evaluó un total de 168 pacientes que, en su mayoría, eran hombres (88,7%), en la cuarta década de la vida, de orientación HSH (77,4%), con fototipos del II al IV (97%) y manejados con terapia antirretroviral (94,6%). Se encontraron hallazgos en piel en el 97,6% de los pacientes, siendo más frecuentes las infecciones (43,8%), específicamente los condilomas anogenitales, principalmente en pacientes con <200 linfocitos CD4+/mm3, seguidas por las condiciones inflamatorias (35,4%), principalmente dermatitis seborreica y acné. Este último, más frecuente en pacientes con >200 linfocitos CD4+/mm3. Conclusiones Los hallazgos más frecuentes en piel fueron: dermatitis seborreica, condilomas anogenitales, verrugas virales, moluscos contagiosos y micosis superficiales, que se asemeja a lo reportado en poblaciones con buen control inmunovirológico de la enfermedad. La alta prevalencia de condilomas anogenitales nos invita a implementar estrategias de tamización para VPH, así como de educación en infecciones de transmisión sexual.

ABSTRACT Objetive To describe the skin findings and sociodemographic characteristics of HIV-positive patients attended at a medical center in Bogotá. Methods Descriptive observational study, including adults with HIV infection attended at the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio de Bogotá, between April 2019 and February 2020. Based on an interrogation, physical examination and review of medical records, skin fin-dings, data on antiretroviral therapy received, CD4+ lymphocyte count and viral load for HIV, as well as mycological and histopathological tests (when necessary) were recorded. Results A total of 168 patients were evaluated, most of whom were men (88.7%), in the fourth decade of life, of MSM orientation (77.4%), with phototypes II to IV (97%) and managed with antiretroviral therapy (94.6%). Skin findings were found in 97.6% of patients, with infections being more frequent (43.8%), specifically anogenital condylomas, mainly in patients with <200 CD4+ lymphocytes/mm3, followed by inflammatory conditions (35.4%), mainly seborrheic dermatitis and acne. The latter, more frequent in patients with >200 CD4+ lymphocytes/mm3. Conclusions The most frequent skin findings were: seborrheic dermatitis, anogenital condylomas, viral warts, molluscum contagiosum and superficial mycosis, which is similar to that reported in populations with good immunovirological control of the disease. The high prevalence of anogenital condylomas invites us to implement screening strategies for HPV, as well as education on sexually transmitted infections.

The Annual costs of treating genital warts in the Public Healthcare Sector in Peru.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the cost of six different techniques used to treat Genital Warts and the annual average cost of treating a typical GW patient in Peru. To estimate the annual economic burden diagnosing and treating GW in the Peruvian public healthcare system. METHODS: We developed a prevalence-based, cost-of-illness study from the provider's perspective, the healthcare facilities under the purview of Peruvian Ministry of Health. We used an activity-based costing approach. We conducted primary data collection in three regions in Peru and supplemented it with governmental data. Uncertainty of the costing estimates was assessed via Monte Carlo simulations. We estimated the average cost and associated confidence intervals for six treatment options - three topical and three surgical - and the overall cost per patient. RESULTS: The average treatment cost per patient was 59.9USD (95 %CI 45.5, 77.6). Given a population of 18.4 million adults between 18 and 60 years of age and a GW prevalence of 2.28 %, the annual cost of treating GW was 25.1 million USD (uncertainty interval 16.9, 36.6). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first quantification of the economic burden of treating genital warts in Peru and one of the few in Latin America. The costing data did not include other healthcare providers or out-of-pocket expenditures, and hence we present a conservative estimate of the COI of GW in Peru. Our findings bring attention to the financial burden of treating GW, a vaccine-preventable disease.

HPV-induced condylomata acuminata treated by Photodynamic Therapy in comparison with trichloroacetic acid: A randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: This is a randomized controlled clinical trial comparing Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and the application of trichloracetic acid (TAA) in the treatment of HPV condyloma in the perianal and vulva regions. Design, Randomised controlled, open label, trial. They were allocated to each treatment following randomization by a computer program. SETTING: Women Health Ambulatory in São Carlos city, São Paulo State in the Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: 36 patients evaluated. 31 patients fulfilled the study requirements. INTERVENTION: Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) versus trichloracetic acid (TAA). The PDT protocol used the prodrug methyl aminolevulinate incubated for 3 hours and irradiation at 630 nm (100 J/cm²). In the treatment using TAA, warts received a small amount of acid using a cotton swab. Both treatments were repeated weekly until the lesions disappeared completely or until 10 sessions were completed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Clinical analysis. Follow-up between 12 and 30 months after the complete treatment. RESULTS: A total of 16 patients were treated with PDT and 15 patients with TAA. A complete response rate of 60% for TAA and 63% for PDT, with a recurrence rate of 33% for TAA and 0% for PDT. CONCLUSION: PDT appears not only to treat lesions due to physical destruction of condyloma and subclinical lesions, but also to modulate the immune system and/or also to decrease the local viral load, suggesting a lower recurrence compared to the TAA group.

Detección de papilomavirus humano en mucosa oral en hombres con verrugas anogenitales / Detection of human papillomavirus in oral mucosa in men with anogenital warts

El virus del papiloma humano (HPV) es el agente etiológico de infecciones de transmisión sexual relacionadas con procesos oncogénicos genitales y orales. La biología molecular, mediante la identificación de los tipos virales involucrados, proporciona precisión diagnóstica con un enfoque epidemiológico. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la presencia de HPV en la mucosa oral de hombres con verrugas anogenitales y correlacionar los genotipos detectados en ambas muestras. Se estudiaron 26 pacientes varones con verrugas anogenitales que acudieron al Instituto de Dermatología de la ciudad de Resistencia (Argentina). La presencia de HPV en muestras orales y anogenitales se estudió mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) y la genotipificación se realizó mediante PCR-RFLP. La prevalencia de HPV oral en pacientes con HPV anogenital fue del 46,2% (12/26). Se encontraron dieciocho genotipos con alto riesgo oncogénico en muestras orales de pacientes con infecciones únicas o múltiples y el tipo 16 fue el más frecuente (6 pacientes). Catorce genotipos en muestras orales fueron de bajo riesgo oncogénico, el más frecuente fue el tipo 6 (10 pacientes). En muestras anogenitales el genotipo 6 fue el más frecuente (13 pacientes), solo o en coinfección. Se encontró una alta prevalencia de HPV oral de malignidad de alto grado en nuestra población y coinfección con tipos oncogénicos. Las prácticas de sexo oral fueron la principal conducta de riesgo para la infección, lo que quedó demostrado por el hallazgo simultáneo del mismo tipo de HPV en muestras orales y anogenitales

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiologic agent of sexually transmitted infections related to genital and oral oncogenic processes. Molecular biology provides accurate diagnosis with an epidemiological approach, by identifying the viral types involved. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of HPV in oral mucosa from men with anogenital warts and to correlate the genotypes detected in both samples. Twenty-six male patients suffering anogenital warts who attended to the Institute of Dermatology in Resistencia (Argentina) were studied. The presence of HPV in oral and anogenital samples was studied by PCR and genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP. The prevalence of oral HPV in patients with anogenital HPV was 46.2% (12/26). Eighteen genotypes with high oncogenic risk were found in oral samples of patients with single or multiple infections and type 16 was the most frequent (6 patients). Fourteen genotypes in oral samples were of low oncogenic risk and the most frequent was type 6 (10 patients). In anogenital samples the genotype 6 was the most frequent (13 patients), alone or in co-infection. A high prevalence of high-grade malignancy oral HPV in our population and co-infection with oncogenic types were found. Oral sex practices were the main risk factor for infection, which was demonstrated by the simultaneous finding of the same HPV type in oral and anogenital samples

Cryotherapy plus low-dose oral isotretinoin vs cryotherapy only for the treatment of anogenital warts: a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Anogenital warts are a common human papillomavirus infection. They cause emotional distress, especially when they are in the anogenital region. Cryotherapy is a first-line treatment. Previous clinical trials and case series have reported variable results with retinoids (isotretinoin) as adjuvant therapy. OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and efficacy of low-dose oral isotretinoin as adjuvant treatment of anogenital warts. METHODS: Forty-six patients with anogenital warts were randomly assigned to isotretinoin + cryotherapy (n = 23) or only cryotherapy (n = 23). Patients were allocated via an interactive web-based randomization system. Evaluators were blinded to treatments. Isotretinoin 20 mg/daily + cryotherapy or cryotherapy were prescribed for 6 weeks. Patients were followed for 4 months. Genotyping of lesions was performed before treatment started. Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) were measured at the beginning and end of therapy. All patients completed the study. RESULTS: Both Groups had 50% clearance at the end of treatment. Recurrence in the combined group was not significantly lower than in the cryotherapy group (P = 0.59). Improvement was observed in the DLQI of all patients in both groups (P = 0.001). No suicidal intention was detected with the C-SSRS. Two patients (one in each group) had liver function test abnormalities after treatment. CONCLUSION: Combined therapy showed a slight not significant efficacy for anogenital warts in Hispanic patients. Low-dose isotretinoin seems to be safe even when it is used with cryotherapy on anogenital warts. TRIAL REGISTRATION: On April 25, 2019 with registration number DE19-00004, CONBIOÉTICA-19-CEI-001-20160404. Prospectively registered.

Criocirurgia com nitrogênio líquido versus ácido tricloroacético no tratamento de verruga peniana por papilomavírus humano (HPV): um ensaio clínico randomizado / Cryosurgery with liquid nitrogen versus trichloroacetic acid in the treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV) penile wart: a randomized controlled trial

Introdução: verrugas anogenitais são a infecção sexualmente transmissível prevalente (0,5%) entre atendimentos dermatológicos. Dentre as estratégias de tratamento, destacam-se a crioterapia com nitrogênio líquido (NL) e causoterapia com ácido tricloroacético (ATA). Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia do NL versus ATA no tratamento de verrugas penianas em pacientes de instituição pública brasileira. Métodos: ensaio clínico aberto, paralelo e randomizado. Em cada visita, as verrugas foram contadas e submetidas à crioterapia (10s) ou à causoterapia (ATA 80%), após randomização. A principal variável dependente foi a contagem de lesões antes e após quatro semanas de tratamento. Foram analisados: eliminação completa, idade, imunossupressão, tabagismo, topografia e escolaridade. Resultados: foram avaliados 142 tratamentos em 52 participantes. Houve predominância de adultos jovens, menor escolaridade, e a principal topografia afetada foi a haste. A redução percentual média por sessão foi 48% para o NL e 26% para o ATA (p=0,11). Clearance completo foi atingido por 42 (81%) participantes, sendo que 39 (75%; IC95%: 64-85%) atingiram o clearance em até três sessões. A idade associou-se à pior taxa de resposta terapêutica (ß=-0,09; p<0,01). Conclusões: NL e ATA mostraram-se eficazes na terapêutica das verrugas penianas, sem diferença entre os tratamentos. A idade foi associada à pior resposta terapêutica.

Background: Anogenital warts are the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection (0.5%) among dermatological consultations. Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen (LN) and therapy with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) are remarkable among the treatment strategies. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of LN versus TCA in to treat penile warts in patients from a Brazilian public institution. Methods: Open, parallel, randomized clinical trial. Following randomization, the warts were counted and submitted to cryotherapy (10s) or case therapy (TCA 80%) in each visit. The primary dependent variable was the lesion count before and after four weeks of treatment. We assessed the following variables: complete clearance, age, immunosuppression, smoking, topography, and education. Results: 142 treatments were evaluated in 52 participants. There was a predominance of young adults, and the main topography affected was the penis shaft. The mean reduction rate per session was 48% for LN and 26% for TCA (p=0.11). 42 (81%) participants achieved complete clearance, with 39 (75%; 95% CI: 64-85%) reaching clearance in up to three sessions. Age was associated with a worse therapeutic response rate (ß =-0.09; p<0.01). Conclusions: LN and TCA proved to be effective to treat penile warts, without difference between treatments. Age was associated with a worse therapeutic response

Vitamina D intralesional em múltiplas verrugas plantares recorrentes - Um estudo cego, prospectivo e controlado por placebo / Intralesional vitamin D in multiple recurrent plantar warts - A single, blind, prospective, placebo-controlled study

Introdução: As verrugas, são proliferações epidérmicas benignas da pele. A maioria dos pacientes procura orientação médica, pois as verrugas são cosmeticamente inaceitáveis e podem ser dolorosas. As verrugas plantares, em particular, são tipicamente refratárias ao tratamento que requer várias sessões. As modalidades terapêuticas disponíveis são limitadas pela alta taxa de recorrência, dor e cicatrizes. Em contraste, as abordagens imunoterapêuticas estimulam o sistema imunológico do hospedeiro, aumentando a imunidade celular para eliminar o vírus. Objetivo: Avaliar a segurança e eficácia da injeção intralesional de vitamina D3 no tratamento de múltiplas verrugas plantares recorrentes. Métodos: Um total de 60 pacientes com verrugas plantares múltiplas recorrentes, foram divididos em dois grupos de 30. No grupo 1, 0,5ml de vitamina D intralesional foi injetado na base da maior verruga e no grupo 2, injetou-se 0,5ml de solução salina normal. As sessões foram repetidas a cada 2 semanas por no máximo 4 sessões e os pacientes foram acompanhados por um período de 12 meses. Resultados: No grupo de estudo, a eliminação completa foi observada em 73,3% (22) e nos controles, 70% dos pacientes não apresentaram resposta. Conclusão: A vitamina D3 intralesional é uma opção de tratamento segura e eficaz em verrugas plantares.

Introduction: Warts or verrucae, caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), are a benign epidermal proliferation of the skin. Most patients seek medical advice as warts are cosmetically unacceptable and can be painful. Plantar warts, in particular, are typically refractory to treatment requiring multiple treatment sessions. High recurrence rates, pain, and scarring limit the available therapeutic modalities. In contrast, immunotherapeutic approaches stimulate the host immune system by enhancing cellular immunity to eliminate the virus. Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of intralesional vitamin D3 injection to treat multiple recurrent plantar warts. Methods: 60 patients with multiple recurrent warts were divided into two groups of 30 each. Group 1 received 0.5 ml intralesional vitamin D in the base of the largest wart, and Group 2 received 0.5 ml of normal saline. The sessions were repeated every two weeks for a maximum of four sessions, and patients were followed up for 12 months to detect any recurrences. Results: The study group showed complete clearance in 73.3% (22) individuals, while most controls (70%) showed no response. Conclusion: Intralesional vitamin D3 is a safe and effective treatment option for multiple recurrent plantar warts.

Protocolo Brasileiro para Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis 2020: infecção pelo papilomavírus humano (HPV) / Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: human papillomavirus (HPV) infection / Protocolo Brasileño para Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual 2020: infección por papilomavirus humano (PVH)

O artigo aborda a infecção pelo papilomavírus humano (human papillomavirus, HPV), tema constitutivo do Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas para Atenção Integral às Pessoas com Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis, publicado pelo Ministério da Saúde. Tal documento foi elaborado com base em evidências científicas e validado em discussões e consenso entre especialistas. São apresentados aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos, bem como orientações para os gestores e profissionais de saúde no diagnóstico, tratamento e prevenção da infecção pelo HPV. Este tema representa importante problema de saúde pública, haja vista essa infecção sexualmente transmissível ser a mais prevalente no mundo, capaz de desencadear o processo oncogênico do câncer do colo uterino, além de possibilitar a ocorrência de verrugas anogenitais. Neste artigo, são apresentadas informações importantes para o conhecimento do HPV, estratégias de ação para a prevenção e controle da infecção, uma assistência de qualidade e tratamento efetivo da doença.

This article addresses human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, this being one of the topics covered by the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The Protocol and Guidelines have been developed based on scientific evidence and validated in discussions with specialists. This article presents epidemiological and clinical aspects, as well as guidelines for health service managers and health workers about diagnosing and treating people with papillomavirus infection. This theme is an important public health problem, since it is the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection in the world, capable of triggering the oncogenic process of cervical cancer, as well as the possibility anogenital warts occurring. Important information is presented for gaining knowledge about HPV, as well as action strategies for infection prevention and control, provision of quality care and effective treatment of the disease.

El tema del papilomavirus humano (PVH) es uno de los capítulos del Protocolo Clínico y Conductas Terapéuticas para la Atención Integral a Personas con Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual, publicado por el Ministerio de Salud de Brasil. Este documento fue desarrollado en base a evidencia científica y validado en discusiones con especialistas. Se presentan aspectos epidemiológicos y clínicos, así como guías para gestores y profesionales de la salud en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención de la infección por papilomavirus. Este tema constituye uno de los principales problemas de salud pública, pues además de ser la infección transmitida sexualmente más prevalente en todo el mundo, puede tener implicaciones para el proceso oncogénico del cáncer de cuello uterino y la posibilidad de presentar verrugas anogenitales. Se presenta información sobre estrategias de acciones de prevención y control, las cuales son importantes para entender el problema, ofrecer asistencia de calidad y tratamiento efectivo.

Protocolo Brasileiro para Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis 2020: infecção pelo papilomavírus humano (HPV) / Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: human papillomavirus (HPV) infection / Protocolo Brasileño para Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual 2020: infección por papilomavirus humano (PVH)

Resumo O artigo aborda a infecção pelo papilomavírus humano (human papillomavirus, HPV), tema constitutivo do Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas para Atenção Integral às Pessoas com Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis, publicado pelo Ministério da Saúde. Tal documento foi elaborado com base em evidências científicas e validado em discussões e consenso entre especialistas. São apresentados aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos, bem como orientações para os gestores e profissionais de saúde no diagnóstico, tratamento e prevenção da infecção pelo HPV. Este tema representa importante problema de saúde pública, haja vista essa infecção sexualmente transmissível ser a mais prevalente no mundo, capaz de desencadear o processo oncogênico do câncer do colo uterino, além de possibilitar a ocorrência de verrugas anogenitais. Neste artigo, são apresentadas informações importantes para o conhecimento do HPV, estratégias de ação para a prevenção e controle da infecção, uma assistência de qualidade e tratamento efetivo da doença.

Abstract This article addresses human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, this being one of the topics covered by the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The Protocol and Guidelines have been developed based on scientific evidence and validated in discussions with specialists. This article presents epidemiological and clinical aspects, as well as guidelines for health service managers and health workers about diagnosing and treating people with papillomavirus infection. This theme is an important public health problem, since it is the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection in the world, capable of triggering the oncogenic process of cervical cancer, as well as the possibility anogenital warts occurring. Important information is presented for gaining knowledge about HPV, as well as action strategies for infection prevention and control, provision of quality care and effective treatment of the disease.

Resumen El tema del papilomavirus humano (PVH) es uno de los capítulos del Protocolo Clínico y Conductas Terapéuticas para la Atención Integral a Personas con Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual, publicado por el Ministerio de Salud de Brasil. Este documento fue desarrollado en base a evidencia científica y validado en discusiones con especialistas. Se presentan aspectos epidemiológicos y clínicos, así como guías para gestores y profesionales de la salud en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención de la infección por papilomavirus. Este tema constituye uno de los principales problemas de salud pública, pues además de ser la infección transmitida sexualmente más prevalente en todo el mundo, puede tener implicaciones para el proceso oncogénico del cáncer de cuello uterino y la posibilidad de presentar verrugas anogenitales. Se presenta información sobre estrategias de acciones de prevención y control, las cuales son importantes para entender el problema, ofrecer asistencia de calidad y tratamiento efectivo.

Epidermodisplasia verruciforme y carcinoma epidermoide - diagnóstico y tratamiento / Verruciform epidermodysplasia and epidermoid carcinoma - diagnosis and treatment

La epidermodisplasia verruciforme es una genodermatosis precancerosa de tipo autosómica recesiva, infrecuente, de distribución mundial. Los portadores de esta enfermedad presentan una inmunodepresión celular selectiva contra determinados tipos de virus papiloma humano, sobre todo con los genotipos 5 y 8, desarrollando desde edades tempranas de la vida lesiones semejantes a pitiriasis versicolor, verrugas planas y queratosis seborreicas, muy extendidas, crónicas y refractarias al tratamiento. Es habitual la aparición de carcinomas escamosos múltiples, especialmente en el contexto de cofactores carcinogénicos como el sol. Presentamos a un paciente con diagnóstico de epidermodisplasia verruciforme, que evidenciaba lesiones tipo verrugas planas, queratosis seborreicas y carcinoma escamoso, la cual fue tratada con excéresis con margen de seguridad y reconstrucción con injerto de piel parcial y colocación de sistema de aspiración sellada al vacío con buena evolución.

Verruciform epidermodysplasia is a rare, autosomal recessive precancerous genodermatosis with a worldwide distribution. Carriers of this disease present a selective cellular immunosuppression against certain types of human papilloma virus, especially with genotypes 5 and 8, developing from early ages of life lesions similar to pityriasis versicolor, flat warts and seborrheic keratoses, very widespread, chronic and refractory to treatment. Multiple squamous cell carcinomas are common, especially in the context of carcinogenic cofactors such as the sun. We present a patient with a diagnosis of verruciform epidermodysplasia, who evidenced flat wart-like lesions, seborrheic keratoses and squamous carcinoma, which was treated with excision with a margin of safety and reconstruction with partial skin graft and placement of a vacuum-sealed aspiration system with good evolution.

Factores asociados a la aceptabilidad de la vacuna contra el virus del papiloma humano, Huánuco, Perú / Factors associated with the acceptability of the human papillomavirus vaccine, Huanuco, Peru

INTRODUCCIÓN: El virus del papiloma humano (VPH) produce la infección viral transmitida por vía sexual más frecuente del mundo. Una estrategia para reducir las tasas de infección por este virus es la vacunación a mujeres jóvenes de entre 9 a 13 años, por lo que es imperioso asegurar el máximo grado de aceptabilidad a la vacuna. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento, las actitudes y creencias asociados a la aceptabilidad de la vacuna contra el VPH en los padres de Huánuco. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal analítico en 168 padres. Las asociaciones se evaluaron con la prueba de χ2 con un 95% de confianza, p significativa < 0,05. RESULTADOS: La media de la edad fue 35,08 años. El 27,3% de padres no aceptaba la vacuna. Se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa entre el nivel de conocimiento medio-alto (p = 0,017), actitudes positivas hacia las vacunas (p < 0,001), ausencia de creencias (p < 0,001), religión católica (p = 0,002) y presencia de estudios en el grado de instrucción (p = 0,016) con la aceptabilidad hacia la vacuna. Aquellos padres en los que se evidenciaba la presencia de creencias tenían 6,56 veces más probabilidades de no aceptar la vacuna. CONCLUSIONES: Los factores asociados a la aceptabilidad de la vacuna contra el VPH son el nivel de conocimiento medio-alto, actitudes positivas hacia las vacunas, ausencia de creencias, religión católica y presencia de estudios en el grado de instrucción.

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) produces the most frequent sexually transmitted viral infection in the world. A strategy to reduce infection rates for this virus is vaccination to young women between 9 and 13 years, so it is imperative to ensure the highest degree of acceptability to the vaccine. AIM: To determine the level of knowledge, attitudes and beliefs associated with the acceptability of the HPV vaccine in the parents of a rural and urban area of ​​the Huanuco. METHODS: Analytical cross-sectional study in 168 parents. The χ2 test was used to assess associations, with 95% confidence, p significant < 0.05. RESULTS: The mean age was 35.08 years, 67% had secondary education and 27.3% of parents did not accept the vaccine. A statistically significant relationship was found between the level of medium-high knowledge (p = 0.017), positive attitudes towards vaccines (p < 0.001), absence of beliefs (p < 0.001), Catholic religion (p = 0.002) and presence of studies in the degree of education (p = 0.016) with the acceptability towards the vaccine. Those parents whose beliefs were evidenced were 6.56 times more likely not to accept the human papillomavirus vaccine. CONCLUSIONS: The factors associated with the acceptability of the human papillomavirus vaccine are the level of knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, religion and the degree of instruction.

Sex differences in the prevalence and determinants of HPV-related external genital lesions in young adults: a national cross-sectional survey in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: External genital lesions (EGL) are the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We aimed to evaluate the prevalence, determinants and sex differences in EGL among young adults from Brazil. METHODS: Overall, 7694 participants (aged 16 to 25 years) underwent an interview, genital examination and sampling for HPV genotyping. RESULTS: The prevalence of EGL was 4.08% (234) and is more frequent in men (5.72%) than women (2.31%) (p <  0.001). Genital lesions were significantly associated with male sex, infection by high-risk and multiple HPV types, having more than two sexual partners in the last year, smoking status and the presence of other STI. While alcohol use was associated with a higher prevalence of EGL in women, same-sex sexual relationship increase the prevalence in men. In the EGL group, 67.79% (p = 0.032) were positive for HPV infection and the types HPV6 and HPV11 were the most prevalent ones. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of EGL in young adults was consistently high, and most cases were associated with genital HPV infection and STIs. Although men have a higher prevalence, both sexes share most genital lesion determinants. The promotion of sexual education and vaccination especially focus in young men, who are usually outside the targets of primary health care programmes, can prevent EGL in Brazilian young adults.

New recreational category associated with common wart transmission / Nova prática recreativa associada à transmissão de verrugas vulgares / Nueva práctica recreativa asociada a la transmisión de verrugas vulgares

ABSTRACT Introduction "Altinha", a variant of beach soccer that is very popular on the beaches of Rio de Janeiro, is a recreational activity that adapts the basics of beach soccer to a game with a circular formation, with the participation of several players who mainly use the following parts of their bodies: feet, legs, head, knees and trunk. Since it is a Brazilian pursuit, the relationship between "altinha" and skin infections is poorly described. The authors report six cases of patients diagnosed with common warts, seeking to correlate the development of these lesions with participation in "altinha". Clinical Case Six patients, young adults from Rio de Janeiro who play "altinha" on Rio's beaches, with complaints of painless verrucous lesions, were assessed. Physical examination revealed cracked normochromic keratotic papules mainly affecting feet and legs of the dominant limb. In light of the medical history and physical examination, the diagnosis was of vulgar warts. The patients were treated with cryosurgery, obtaining satisfactory results. Discussion The sport and its outdoor environmental conditions favor transmission of the human papillomavirus due to exposure to factors such as humidity, sweating and trauma, besides direct contact with the infected skin of other players and with colonized surfaces. "Altinha" is played barefoot, and the equipment of choice is the soccer ball, which is constantly shared between players, leading to trauma caused not only by the ball, but also by the sand. Moreover, the activity demands physical exertion from participants, resulting in sweating and potential physical contact. Conclusion With the increasing popularity of "altinha" among beachgoers, dermatologists must be aware of the sun protection habits of these individuals. They must also be mindful of the need to examine their skin for related dermatosis and to warn them of the risk of infection by the human papillomavirus in this new sport. Level of Evidence IV; Case series.

RESUMO Introdução A "altinha", variante do futebol de areia, bastante difundida nas praias cariocas, é uma atividade recreativa que adapta fundamentos do futebol de areia à prática em círculo, com a participação de vários jogadores, que usam principalmente os seguintes segmentos: pés, pernas, cabeça, joelhos e tronco. Por ser uma prática brasileira, a relação entre a "altinha" e infecções cutâneas é pouco descrita. Os autores relatam seis casos de pacientes diagnosticados com verruga vulgar, buscando correlacionar o desenvolvimento dessas lesões à prática da "altinha". Caso Clínico Seis pacientes jovens adultos do Rio de Janeiro e praticantes da "altinha" em praias cariocas, com queixa de lesões verrucosas indolores foram avaliados. Ao exame, apresentavam pápulas normocrômicas, ceratóticas, fissuradas, que acometiam principalmente pés e pernas do membro dominante. Mediante anamnese direcionada e exame físico, o diagnóstico foi verruga vulgar. Os pacientes foram tratados com criocirurgia, e os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios. Discussão O esporte e as condições externas da prática esportiva favorecem a transmissão do papilomavírus humano devido à exposição a fatores como umidade, sudorese e trauma, além do contato direto com a pele infectada de outros esportistas e com superfícies colonizadas. Os participantes praticam a "altinha" descalços e usam como equipamento uma bola de futebol, que é constantemente compartilhada pelos jogadores, o que leva a trauma tanto com a bola quanto com a areia. Além disso, a atividade exige esforço físico dos participantes, que gera sudorese, e eventual contato físico. Conclusão Com a prática cada vez mais frequente da "altinha" entre os frequentadores de praias, o dermatologista deve estar atento não só aos hábitos de proteção solar desses indivíduos, como também ao exame da pele em busca de dermatoses relacionadas, assim como alertar para o risco de infecção pelo papilomavírus humano nessa nova modalidade. Nível de Evidência IV; Série de casos .

RESUMEN Introducción La "altinha", una variante de fútbol playa, muy difundida en las playas del Rio de Janeiro, es una actividad recreativa que adapta los fundamentos del fútbol playa a la práctica en círculo, con la participación de varios jugadores, que utilizan principalmente los siguientes segmentos: pies, piernas, cabeza, rodillas y torso. Como una práctica brasileña, la relación entre "altinha" y las infecciones cutáneas está poco descrita. Los autores relatan seis casos de pacientes diagnosticados con verruga vulgar buscando correlacionar el desarrollo de estas lesiones con la práctica de "altinha". Caso Clínico Se evaluaron seis pacientes adultos jóvenes de Rio de Janeiro y practicantes de la "altinha" en sus playas, quejándose de lesiones verrugosas indoloras. En el examen, presentaron pápulas normocrómicas, queratóticas y fisuradas que afectaron principalmente a los pies y las piernas de la extremidad dominante. En vista de la anamnesis y el examen físico, el diagnóstico fue de verruga vulgar. Los pacientes fueran tratados con criocirugía, y los resultados fueron satisfactorios. Discusión El deporte y las condiciones externas de la práctica deportiva favorecen la transmisión del virus del papiloma humano en virtud de la exposición a factores como humedad, sudoración y trauma, además del contacto directo con la piel infectada de otros deportistas y con superficies colonizadas. Los jugadores practican la "altinha" descalzos y usan un balón de fútbol como equipo, que es constantemente compartida, lo que resulta en trauma tanto con el balón como con la arena. Asimismo, la actividad requiere esfuerzo físico de los participantes, lo que genera sudoración y eventual contacto físico. Conclusión Con la práctica cada vez más frecuente de la "altinha" entre los frecuentadores de las playas, el dermatólogo debe ser consciente no solo de los hábitos de protección solar de estos individuos, sino también de examinar la piel en busca de dermatosis relacionadas, así como alertarlos sobre el riesgo de infección por el virus del papiloma humano en esta nueva modalidad. Nivel de Evidencia IV; Serie de casos.