ABSTRACT
Background: Higher alcohol use and military sexual assault (MSA) are associated with increased risk of death by suicide. Risk for death by suicide is rapidly increasing among females, who report higher rates of MSA, yet actual death by suicide and alcohol use are higher among males. It is not well understood whether higher alcohol use confers greater suicide risk in male or female service members and veterans who have experienced MSA.Objective: To determine whether the association between alcohol misuse and suicide risk was moderated by biological sex in a sample of male and female service members (N = 400, 50% female) who reported MSA.Method: Participants completed surveys of alcohol use and suicide risk as well as a demographic inventory. Linear regression with an interaction term was used to determine if suicide risk differed by sex and alcohol use severity after accounting for discharge status, sexual orientation, and age.Results: Average scores on the suicide risk measure were consistent with an inpatient psychiatric sample and scores on the AUDIT-C were indicative of a probable positive screen for alcohol misuse. Suicide risk was most pronounced among males who reported higher levels of hazardous alcohol use. A sensitivity analysis examining suicide risk by sex and screening results for alcohol misuse (positive/negative) showed that men with a probable positive screen had higher suicide risk.Discussion: The current study provides novel findings on suicide risk among survivors of military sexual violence by including both male and female survivors. Interventions to decrease suicide risk following MSA may consider alcohol reduction strategies, and optimizing these interventions in males. Engaging military culture at both the US Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs to encourage more healthy alcohol consumption may mitigate this public health concern. Future research may consider how country of origin relates to these associations.
Average scores for the suicide risk measure and alcohol use were high among a sample of male and female survivors of military sexual assault.Suicide risk was most pronounced among males who reported higher levels of hazardous alcohol use.A sensitivity analysis examining suicide risk by sex and screening results for alcohol misuse (positive/negative) showed that men with a probable positive screen had higher suicide risk.
Subject(s)
Alcoholism , Military Personnel , Sex Offenses , Suicide , Veterans , Female , Male , Humans , Alcoholism/epidemiology , EthanolABSTRACT
La adherencia terapéutica, es un hecho variante y complejo ya que son diversos los factores que influyen en él. En los países desarrollados la adherencia terapéutica de los pacientes que padecen enfermedades crónicas es del 50%, requiriendo acciones de prevención y promoción de la salud, que se ven intensificadas cuando la falta de adherencia terapéutica está unida al abuso de sustancias y la dependencia de alcohol. El señor D.R. es un paciente varón de 69 años con paresia crural izquierda, trastorno de la marcha, dependencia para las ABVD y AIVD, HTA, ateromatosis carotidea, mala adherencia terapéutica, abuso de alcohol, sobrepeso e hipercolesterolemia, que ingresa en el hospital en el servicio de Neurología tras sufrir un ictus isquémico. Durante este ingreso, se distingue el progreso en el nivel de implicación y compromiso del paciente con su propia salud. A través de la taxonomía NANDA-I, NOC y NIC, se llevó a cabo un plan de cuidados, aplicando un lenguaje estandarizado y con intervenciones basadas en la evidencia científica. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Treatment Adherence and Compliance , Alcoholism , Paresis/therapyABSTRACT
Familiares de dependentes de álcool vivem intenso sofrimento emocional que os vulnerabiliza a ponto de necessitarem cuidado profissional. No Brasil, o Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas (CAPs AD) é o serviço público de referência no atendimento psicossocial a usuários de álcool e outras drogas. A partir da constatação da inexistência de artigos científicos sobre intervenções com familiares dos dependentes de álcool no CAPs AD, dada a profusão de trabalhos que tratam do dependente ou das políticas públicas que fundamentam o serviço, elaboramos três hipóteses sobre essa lacuna. A primeira propõe que na base dessa ausência de modalidades terapêuticas específicas esteja a concepção de que o cuidado aos familiares no CAPs AD é o mesmo e independe das peculiaridades de cada substância psicoativa. A segunda hipótese parte do fato de que a constante ameaça de aniquilamento dos próprios CAPs AD e a consequente luta para sua sobrevivência comprometeria pesquisas para o desenvolvimento de intervenções cada vez mais especializadas. E, finalmente, a hipótese de que a maior demanda de atendimento de usuários de mais de uma substância desarticularia a proposição de intervenções com familiares de dependentes de álcool. Esperamos que este estudo contribua para a elaboração de intervenções mais afinadas às necessidades desse público.
Family members of alcohol dependents live intense emotional suffering that makes them vulnerable to the point of needing professional care. In Brazil, the Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drugs (CAPSad) is the public service of reference in psychosocial care for users of alcohol and other drugs. Based upon the lack of studies on interventions for family members of alcohol dependents in the CAPSad, contrasting with the profusion of works that deal with the dependent or the public policies that support the service, we elaborated three hypotheses about this gap. The first one proposes that at the center of this abscense of specific therapeutic modalities there is the idea that care for family members in the CAPSad is the same and does not depend on the peculiarities of each psychoactive substance. The second hypothesis derives from the fact that the constant threat of annihilation of the CAPSad themselves and the struggle for their survival would compromise the development of increasingly specialized interventions. At last, the hypothesis that the greater demand for assistance from multiple substance users would dismantle the proposal of interventions with family members of alcohol dependents. We expect that this study will contribute to the development of interventions in accord with the needs of this audience.
Familiares de dependientes de alcohol viven intenso sufrimiento emocional que los vulnera hasta que necesiten cuidado profesional. En Brasil, el Centro de Atención Psicosocial Alcohol y Drogas (CAPs AD) es el servicio público referencial a la atención psicosocial a usuarios de alcohol y drogas. Desde la constatación de la inexistencia de ensayos sobre intervenciones con familiares de dependientes de alcohol en CAPs AD, dada la profusión de trabajos que tratan del dependiente o de las políticas públicas que fundamentan el servicio, se elaboró tres hipótesis sobre esa brecha. La primera propone que en la base de esa ausencia de modalidades terapéuticas específicas esté una concepción de que el cuidado a los familiares en CAPs AD es lo mismo y no depende de las peculiaridades de cada material psicoactivo. La segunda hipótesis parte del hecho de que la constante amenaza de aniquilación de los CAPs AD y consecuente lucha para su sobrevivencia comprometería investigaciones al desarrollo de intervenciones todavía más especializadas. Finalmente, la hipótesis de que la mayor demanda de atención a usuarios de más de una sustancia desestructuraría la proposición de intervenciones con familiares de dependientes de alcohol. Se espera que este estudio contribuya a la elaboración de intervenciones específicas a las necesidades de ese público.
Subject(s)
Family , Alcoholism , Family Therapy , Mental Health Services , Psychological DistressABSTRACT
Background: Filipino migrant workers in Macao are vulnerable to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and addictive behaviours due to trauma histories, postmigration stressors, and access to alcohol and gambling venues. While PTSD addiction comorbidity is well-established in the existing literature, such research among migrant workers is lacking.Objective: The current study investigated differential relations between PTSD symptoms and addictive behaviours in a polytrauma exposed sample of Filipino domestic workers in Macao (SAR), China.Methods: Data were collected from 1375 Filipino migrant workers; data from a subsample of 1200 participants who reported an index traumatic event and PTSD symptoms were used in the analyses. Participants responded to the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, gambling disorder symptoms checklist from DSM-5, and The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. We estimated a regularized partial correlation network structure of PTSD symptoms and addictive behaviours employing graphical LASSO and extended Bayesian information criterion.Results: PTSD symptoms of arousal and negative emotions had bridge connections with gambling disorder symptoms; while PTSD symptoms of arousal, restricted affect, negative emotions, and emotional reactivity had bridge connections with alcohol misuse.Conclusions: PTSD's arousal and negative emotion symptoms were common in the networks of PTSD and addictive behaviours, while PTSD's restricted affect and emotional reactivity symptoms were unique to the network of PTSD and alcohol misuse. Treatment of the comorbidity of PTSD and addictive behaviours may yield optimal effects when tailored to these symptoms.
A network analytic study was conducted to explore patterns of comorbidity among international migrants.Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms are associated with addiction symptoms among female Filipino migrant workers in Macau.Negative emotions symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder are associated with both gambling disorder and alcohol misuse.Restricted affect and emotional reactivity are associated with alcohol misuse only.
Subject(s)
Alcoholism , Behavior, Addictive , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Humans , Female , Macau/epidemiology , Bayes Theorem , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychologyABSTRACT
Las situaciones de estrés psicológico, como la actual pandemia COVID-19,pueden implicar un aumento del consumo de alcohol y otras drogas de abuso como estrategia inadecuada de afrontamiento en profesionales sanitarios. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo estudiar el incremento de la ingesta de alcohol y drogas de abuso en los trabajadores hospitalarios. Persigue también, mediante un análisis de regresión logística, definir qué perfil de trabajadores el más vulnerable a este comportamiento. Para ello se realizó un estudio transversal en un hospital terciario en Madrid, España, durante la primera oleada de COVID-19. Participaron en el estudio un total de 657 trabajadores del hospital, 536 de ellos sanitarios y 121 no sanitarios. La recogida de datos se realizó a través de una encuesta en línea que incluía preguntas sobre hábitos básicos de salud, condiciones del entorno laboral, datos sociodemográficos, así como la versión de 12 ítems del Cuestionario de Salud General. El 17,1%declaró haber aumentado su consumo de alcohol y/o drogas de abuso durante el período analizado. Se asoció a una mayor probabilidad de dicho incremento: sexo masculino (p = ,044), vivir sin personas dependientes a cargo (p = ,005), ser médico adjunto o residente (p = ,010), haber trabajado en primera línea de COVID (p = ,058), presentar malos hábitos nutricionales(p = ,004) y realizar autoprescripción de fármacos psicotrópicos para controlar la ansiedad y el insomnio (p = ,003). Un porcentaje significativo delos trabajadores hospitalarios ha aumentado su consumo de alcohol y drogas de abuso durante la primera oleada de la pandemia COVID-19, existiendo un perfil de mayor riesgo para esta práctica. (AU)
Situations of psychological stress, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic,could lead to an increase in the consumption of alcohol and other drugs ofabuse as an inadequate coping strategy in health workers. This study aimedto investigate the intake of alcohol and drugs of abuse in hospital workersduring the first wave of COVID-19. A further focus was to define the workerprofile most vulnerable to this behavior through a logistic regression analysis.A cross-sectional study in a tertiary hospital in Madrid, Spain, during the firstwave of COVID-19 was designed. Information was collected from a sample(n = 657) of healthcare workers (n = 536) and non-healthcare workers (n =121). An online survey (including questions about basic health habits, workingenvironment conditions, sociodemographic data, and the 12-item versionof the General Health Questionnaire as a measure of psychological wellbeing) was conducted. Increased consumption of alcohol and/or drugs ofabuse during the analyzed period of the pandemic was reported by 17.1%of workers. The following variables were associated with a higher probabilityof increased consumption of alcohol and/or drugs of abuse: male gender(p = .044), living alone or without dependents (p = .005), staff physician orresident (p = .010), having worked on the COVID frontline (p = .058), poornutritional habits (p = .004) and self-prescription of psychotropic drugs tomanage anxiety and insomnia (p = .003). A significant percentage of hospitalworkers increased their consumption of alcohol and drugs of abuse duringthe first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A professional risk profile can be defined for this practice. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Alcohol Drinking , Drug Users/psychology , Health Personnel/psychology , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Spain , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
RESUMEN Este artículo se propone analizar las experiencias sobre la maternidad y los cuidados de mujeres madres que asisten a grupos de apoyo mutuo en la Ciudad de México y el Estado de México para autoatender los daños asociados al alcohol. A partir del marco conceptual de la salud colectiva y la perspectiva de género, se concibe que la condición de género y socioeconómica inciden en la determinación social del alcoholismo y en el proceso salud-enfermedad-atención-cuidado. Desde este enfoque, de mayo de 2020 a enero de 2021, se realizó un estudio cualitativo, en el que se entrevistó a diez mujeres elegidas bajo ciertos criterios y se realizó observación no participante en un grupo femenino Alcohólicos Anónimos. Entre los principales resultados, se reconoce una trayectoria de abuso de alcohol y su atención, concatenada con la trayectoria de cuidados. Este hallazgo delimitó la categoría de "ruptura en el cuidado" para develar el maltrato, la precarización de vida y salud de las mujeres y sus hijos e hijas.
ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze the experiences related to motherhood and care among mothers who attend mutual support groups to address alcohol-related harm in Mexico City and the State of Mexico. Drawing on the conceptual framework of collective health from a gender perspective, we contend that socioeconomic and gender-related factors influence the social determination of alcoholism and the health-disease-attention-care process. A qualitative study was conducted between May 2020 and January 2021, which included interviews with ten women who were selected based on specific criteria, as well as non-participant observation in a women's Alcoholics Anonymous group. The main findings show how trajectories of alcohol abuse and its management are interconnected with trajectories of care. From there, it was possible to identify a "break in care," a category that sheds light on mistreatment and the precariousness of life and health of women and their children.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction Indigenous populations are considered a vulnerable minority and have characteristics such as poverty, difficulties to access food, housing, and educational backwardness; these conditions make them prone to alcohol consumption problems. Dependence on alcohol consumption probably arises as a symbol of protest, challenge, and response to social anguish, which has in turn repercussions in marginal population sectors that have conditions of fragility due to exploitation and discrimination, such as indigenous people. Objective To know the effect of perceived discrimination on alcohol consumption in Mexican indigenous population. Method Research design was descriptive, correlational check-model, with a sample of 362 adults from two indigenous communities. Results A simple linear regression model was performed, which shows a significant effect in the entire model (F[248] = 78.312, p = .001), which explains 49% of the variance of alcohol consumption. A significant positive influence was also found from the perceived discrimination variable (β = .626, p < .001) on alcohol consumption. Discussion and conclusion The studied indigenous communities had characteristics that the literature highlights as risk factors for developing addictive behaviors of alcohol consumption. These results coincide with those of the National Commission for the Development of Indigenous Peoples. Indigenous population present discrimination problems that are associated with alcohol consumption problems.
Resumen Introducción Las poblaciones indígenas se consideran minoritarias y vulnerables, y se caracterizan por su pobreza, dificultad para acceder a la alimentación, la vivienda y el rezago educativo. Estas condiciones los vuelven propensos a presentar problemas de consumo de alcohol. La dependencia al consumo de alcohol surge probablemente como símbolo de protesta, reto y respuesta a la angustia social, lo cual repercute en los sectores poblacionales marginales que poseen condiciones de fragilidad por la explotación y discriminación como los pueblos indígenas. Objetivo Conocer el efecto de la discriminación percibida en el consumo de alcohol en poblaciones indígenas mexicanas. Método El diseño del estudio fue descriptivo, correlacional de comprobación de modelo, con una muestra de 362 adultos de dos comunidades indígenas. Resultados Se realizó el modelo de regresión lineal simple el cual muestra efecto significativo en la totalidad del modelo (F[248] = 78.312, p = .001), explica el 49% de la varianza del consumo de alcohol, además se encontró influencia positiva significativa de la variable discriminación percibida (β = .626, p < .001) sobre el consumo de alcohol. Discusión y conclusión Las comunidades indígenas estudiadas poseen características que la literatura destaca como factores de riesgo para desarrollar conductas adictivas de consumo de alcohol, estos resultados coinciden con lo expuesto por la Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas. Las poblaciones indígenas presentan problemas de discriminación que se asocian con los problemas de consumo de alcohol.
ABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo: sintetizar evidências sobre efeitos das intervenções breves na redução do consumo de bebidas alcóolicas entre adultos. Método: estudo de revisão sistemática, cadastrado protocolo na International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, registro nº CRD42020153034. A busca foi realizada em 2020, em bases de dados eletrônicas e foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados que avaliavam os efeitos de Intervenções Breve em adultos bebedores de álcool. Resultados: foram avaliados 11 artigos. Todos os estudos realizaram, nos grupos controle e experimental, teste de identificação do padrão de consumo de álcool, com oferta de feedback para o usuário em seguida. As intervenções utilizam metodologias que incitam o usuário à tomada de decisão, bem como manter a decisão tomada e evitar recaídas. Conclusão: esta pesquisa contribui para o ensino e assistência em saúde, por meio de reflexões sobre a identificação do abuso de álcool e compilado sobre a aplicação e impacto das Intervenções Breves.
ABSTRACT Objective: to synthesize evidence on the effects of brief interventions on reducing alcohol consumption among adults. Method: systematic review study, protocol registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, registration no. CRD42020153034. The search was conducted in 2020, in electronic databases and randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effects of Brief Interventions in adult alcohol drinkers were included. Results: 11 articles were evaluated. All studies performed, in the control and experimental groups, a test to identify the pattern of alcohol consumption, with feedback offered to the user afterwards. The interventions use methodologies that encourage the user to make a decision, as well as maintain the decision made and avoid relapse. Conclusion: this research contributes to health care teaching and assistance, through reflections on the identification of alcohol abuse and compiled on the application and impact of Brief Interventions.
RESUMEN Objetivo: sintetizar las pruebas sobre los efectos de las intervenciones breves para reducir el consumo de alcohol entre los adultos. Método: estudio de revisión sistemática, protocolo registrado en el Registro Internacional Prospectivo de Revisiones Sistemáticas, número de registro CRD42020153034. La búsqueda se realizó en 2020, en bases de datos electrónicas y se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorios que evaluaron los efectos de las Intervenciones Breves en bebedores de alcohol adultos. Resultados: Se evaluaron 11 artículos. Todos los estudios realizaron, en los grupos de control y experimental, una prueba para identificar el patrón de consumo de alcohol, con una retroalimentación ofrecida al usuario después. Las intervenciones utilizan metodologías que incitan al usuario a tomar una decisión, así como a mantener la decisión tomada y evitar recaídas. Conclusión: esta investigación contribuye a la docencia y a la atención sanitaria, a través de reflexiones sobre la identificación del abuso de alcohol y recopiladas sobre la aplicación y el impacto de las Intervenciones Breves.
Subject(s)
Psychotherapy , Alcohol-Related Disorders , Binge DrinkingABSTRACT
Resumen Este artículo presenta resultados preliminares de una investigación que busca caracterizar el modelo de intervención del Programa Ambulatorio Intensivo de tratamiento del consumo de drogas y/o alcohol de mujeres en embarazo y maternaje del Centro de Referencia en Salud (CRS) del Hospital el Pino, Comuna de San Bernardo, Chile. El objetivo es describir características del acompañamiento con enfoque de género que realiza el equipo del programa, considerando su carácter transdisciplinar como claves para mejorar adherencia y favorecer altas terapéuticas, promoviendo autonomía y ejercicio de derechos. La metodología es cualitativa con enfoque emic e intracultural, La muestra es intencionada y la información fue producida a través de nueve entrevistas grupales participativas y una entrevista individual, realizando análisis temático de la información. Los resultados indican que los acompañamientos desde enfoques de género y derechos humanos, favorecen un trabajo transdisciplinar, aspectos claves para disminuir brechas de equidad y favorecer acceso a salud para mujeres en condiciones de vulnerabilización. Siendo las terapias ocupacionales desde el sur importantes para potenciar estos procesos.
Resumo Este artigo apresenta resultados preliminares de uma investigação que busca caracterizar o modelo de intervenção do Programa Ambulatorial Intensivo para o tratamento do uso de drogas e/ou álcool em mulheres grávidas e maternidades no Centro de Referência em Saúde (CRS) do Hospital el Pino, San Bernardo, Chile. O objetivo é descrever características do acompanhamento com abordagem de gênero realizado pela equipe do programa, considerando sua natureza transdisciplinar como chaves para melhorar a adesão e favorecer as altas terapêuticas, promovendo a autonomia e o exercício de direitos. A metodologia é qualitativa com abordagem êmica e intracultural, a amostra é intencional e as informações foram produzidas por meio de nove entrevistas grupais participativas e uma entrevista individual, realizando-se a análise temática das informações. Os resultados indicam que os acompanhamentos das abordagens de gênero e direitos humanos favorecem o trabalho transdisciplinar, aspectos fundamentais para reduzir as lacunas de equidade e favorecer o acesso à saúde para mulheres em situação de vulnerabilidade. Sendo as terapias ocupacionais do sul importantes para potencializar esses processos.
Abstract Preliminary results of a research that seeks to characterize the intervention model of an Intensive Outpatient Program for the treatment of drug and/or alcohol use in pregnant and maternity women of the CRS of the Hospital El Pino, in the commune of San Bernardo, Chile, are presented. The objective is to describe the characteristics of the accompaniment process with a gender approach carried out by the health team working in the program and to consider its transdisciplinary character as keys to improving adherence, reducing dropout rates, favoring therapeutic discharges, promoting autonomy and the exercise of rights. The methodological design corresponds to qualitative research with an emic and intracultural approach, which seeks the point of view within the team. The sample is purposive, and the information was produced through nine participative group interviews with the work teams and an individual semi-structured interview with the head of the program, carrying out a thematic analysis of the experiences shared. The results indicate that the accompaniments from a gender and human rights perspective favor transdisciplinary work, key aspects to reduce equity gaps, and favor access to health for women in vulnerable conditions. Being the occupational therapies from the south are important to enhance these processes.
ABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo: sintetizar evidências sobre efeitos das intervenções breves na redução do consumo de bebidas alcóolicas entre adultos. Método: estudo de revisão sistemática, cadastrado protocolo na International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, registro nº CRD42020153034. A busca foi realizada em 2020, em bases de dados eletrônicas e foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados que avaliavam os efeitos de Intervenções Breve em adultos bebedores de álcool. Resultados: foram avaliados 11 artigos. Todos os estudos realizaram, nos grupos controle e experimental, teste de identificação do padrão de consumo de álcool, com oferta de feedback para o usuário em seguida. As intervenções utilizam metodologias que incitam o usuário à tomada de decisão, bem como manter a decisão tomada e evitar recaídas. Conclusão: esta pesquisa contribui para o ensino e assistência em saúde, por meio de reflexões sobre a identificação do abuso de álcool e compilado sobre a aplicação e impacto das Intervenções Breves.
ABSTRACT Objective: to synthesize evidence on the effects of brief interventions on reducing alcohol consumption among adults. Method: systematic review study, protocol registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, registration no. CRD42020153034. The search was conducted in 2020, in electronic databases and randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effects of Brief Interventions in adult alcohol drinkers were included. Results: 11 articles were evaluated. All studies performed, in the control and experimental groups, a test to identify the pattern of alcohol consumption, with feedback offered to the user afterwards. The interventions use methodologies that encourage the user to make a decision, as well as maintain the decision made and avoid relapse. Conclusion: this research contributes to health care teaching and assistance, through reflections on the identification of alcohol abuse and compiled on the application and impact of Brief Interventions.
RESUMEN Objetivo: sintetizar las pruebas sobre los efectos de las intervenciones breves para reducir el consumo de alcohol entre los adultos. Método: estudio de revisión sistemática, protocolo registrado en el Registro Internacional Prospectivo de Revisiones Sistemáticas, número de registro CRD42020153034. La búsqueda se realizó en 2020, en bases de datos electrónicas y se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorios que evaluaron los efectos de las Intervenciones Breves en bebedores de alcohol adultos. Resultados: Se evaluaron 11 artículos. Todos los estudios realizaron, en los grupos de control y experimental, una prueba para identificar el patrón de consumo de alcohol, con una retroalimentación ofrecida al usuario después. Las intervenciones utilizan metodologías que incitan al usuario a tomar una decisión, así como a mantener la decisión tomada y evitar recaídas. Conclusión: esta investigación contribuye a la docencia y a la atención sanitaria, a través de reflexiones sobre la identificación del abuso de alcohol y recopiladas sobre la aplicación y el impacto de las Intervenciones Breves.
ABSTRACT
Background: Despite the authorities efforts to promote responsible driving, traffic accidents are a notable cause of death in many countries. Scientific research shows that variables such as alcohol abuse and personality dimensions can contribute to explaining this social phenomenon and the rising number of traffic offences. The present study aims to explore how alcohol abuse, personality disorders and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are associated with risky driving behaviour. Method: the sample included 300 subjects: the study group (199 convicted of traffic offences) and the control group (101 subjects from the general driving population). The tools used were the International Personality Disorder Scale, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). Results: a higher incidence of signs of paranoid, antisocial, impulsive, borderline and anxious personality traits was detected for the study group, as well as a higher prevalence of alcohol abuse. Conclusions: this research offers indications for the design of effective preventive and reinsertion interventions. It also highlights the importance of considering psychological dimensions to ensure road safety.(AU)
Antecedentes: Los accidentes de tráfico son una causa de muerte en muchos países, pese a los esfuerzos por promover una conducción responsable. La investigación sobre el problema muestra que variables como el abuso de alcohol y dimensiones de personalidad, contribuyen a explicar este fenómeno social y el aumento de la delincuencia vial. El propósito de este estudio es explorar cómo el abuso de alcohol, los trastornos de la personalidad y el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDHA) se asocian a conductas de riesgo al volante. Método: Participaron 300 sujetos: un grupo de estudio (199 personas condenadas por delitos viales) y otro control (101 sujetos extraídos de la población general de conductores). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el examen internacional de trastornos de la personalidad (IPDE), el cuestionario de identificación de trastornos por consumo de alcohol (AUDIT) y el cuestionario autoinformado de cribado del TDAH. Resultados: el grupo estudio presentó mayor incidencia de indicios de trastornos de personalidad paranoide, disocial, impulsivo, límite y ansioso; así como mayor prevalencia de abuso de alcohol. Conclusiones: El estudio ofrece claves para construir intervenciones preventivas y de reinserción eficaces, enfatizando la relevancia de dimensiones psicológicas para garantizar la seguridad en las vías públicas.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects , Alcohol Drinking/psychology , Personality , Personality Tests/statistics & numerical data , Juvenile Delinquency/prevention & control , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/etiology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/prevention & control , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology , Personality Disorders/psychology , Mental Health , Surveys and Questionnaires , 28599 , Psychology , Alcoholism/epidemiology , Alcoholism/psychologyABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to identify the main risk factors and treatment needs of batterer intervention program (BIP) participants with alcohol and drug abuse problems (ADAPs), beyond issues strictly related to their substance abuse, taking into account four sets of variables: sociodemographic (i.e., age, educational level, income, employment, and immigrant status); personality disorders and psychological adjustment (i.e., clinical symptomatology, personality disorders, anger, impulsivity, and self-esteem); social-relational variables (i.e., community support, intimate support, stressful life events, and perceived social rejection); and violence-related variables (i.e., family violence exposure, perceived severity of intimate partner violence against women [IPVAW], ambivalent sexism, risk of future violence, physical and psychological intimate partner violence, motivation to change, and stage of change). The study was based on a sample of 1,039 male IPVAW offenders court-mandated to a community-based BIP. Results from comparisons between BIP participants with and without ADAPs were interpreted in terms of effect sizes to highlight the most salient differences. Differences with moderate effect sizes were found for clinical symptomatology, anger trait, anxiety disorder, depressive disorder, stressful life events, motivation to change and stage of change. Differences with large effect sizes were found for impulsivity, antisocial disorder, borderline disorder, and aggressive disorder. Several intervention strategies are proposed to guide and adjust interventions to risk factors and treatment needs of BIP participants with ADAPs. (AU)
El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los principales factores de riesgo y necesidades de tratamiento de los participantes en un programa de intervención con maltratadores (BIP) con problemas de abuso de alcohol y/o drogas (ADAP), más allá de sus problemas de abuso de substancias, teniendo en cuenta cuatro conjuntos de variables: sociodemográficas (i.e., edad, nivel educativo, ingresos, empleo y estatus de inmigrante), trastornos de personalidad y ajuste psicológico (i.e., sintomatología clínica, trastornos de personalidad, ira, impulsividad y autoestima), variables socio-relacionales (i.e., apoyo comunitario, apoyo íntimo, eventos vitales estresantes y rechazo social percibido) y variables relacionadas con la violencia (i.e., exposición a violencia familiar, gravedad percibida de la violencia contra la mujer en las relaciones de pareja, sexismo ambivalente, riesgo de violencia futura, violencia de pareja física y psicológica, motivación al cambio y estadio de cambio). El estudio se basó en una muestra de 1,039 hombres condenados por violencia de género y remitidos a un programa de intervención para maltratadores como medida penal alternativa. Los resultados de las comparaciones entre los participantes con y sin ADAP se interpretaron en función de los tamaños del efecto para destacar las diferencias más salientes. Se encontraron diferencias con tamaños del efecto moderados para sintomatología clínica, rasgo de ira, trastorno de ansiedad, sucesos vitales estresantes, motivación para el cambio y estadio de cambio. Se encontraron diferencias con tamaños del efecto grandes para impulsividad, trastorno antisocial, de personalidad límite y de agresividad. Se proponen diversas estrategias de intervención para guiar y ajustar las intervenciones a los factores de riesgo y necesidades de tratamiento de los participantes de los programas de intervención para maltratadores con ADAP. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Psychology , Alcoholism , Gender-Based Violence , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: identificar a prevalência do uso em binge em indígenas Karipuna e verificar a associação desse uso com variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e comportamentais da amostra. MÉTODO: trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com 230 indígenas de 12 aldeias Karipuna em Oiapoque. Obteve-se o rastreio do uso em binge por meio da Questão-Chave. Coletaram-se os dados entre maio e dezembro de 2017. Realizaram-se, a priori, a análise de frequência das variáveis envolvidas no estudo e, na sequência, o teste qui-quadrado e o modelo de regressão logística. RESULTADOS: revela-se que a prevalência do uso em binge foi de 24,8% de uma a três vezes; de 20,4% de quatro a seis vezes; de 12,2% de sete a dez vezes e de 9,6% em mais de dez vezes. Associaram-se os seguintes fatores: estudante (OR=2,99); migração da aldeia de origem (OR=2,22); uso de preservativo (OR=2,62) e relações sexuais após o consumo de álcool (OR=1,61). CONCLUSÃO: alerta-se que o uso ocasional de risco de álcool demanda consideração, bem como o conhecimento das particularidades da população ora investigada, a fim de estabelecer controle, planejamento de recursos terapêuticos para que se alcancem resultados efetivos nas ações planejadas e principalmente nas que são adotadas na prática a fim de prevenir um uso abusivo de álcool.
OBJECTIVE: to identify the prevalence of use in binge in indigenous Karipuna and to verify the association of this use with sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral variables of the sample. METHOD: this is a cross-sectional study carried out with 230 indigenous people from 12 Karipuna villages in Oiapoque. Binge use screening was obtained through the Key Question. Data was collected between May and December 2017. A priori, the frequency analysis of the variables involved in the study was carried out, following the chi-square test and logistic regression model. RESULTS: it is revealed that the prevalence of use in binge was 24.8% from one to three times; 20.4% four to six times; 12.2% seven to ten times and 9.6% more than ten times. The following factors were associated: student (OR = 2.99); migration from the village of origin (OR = 2.22); condom use (OR = 2.62) and sexual intercourse after alcohol consumption (OR = 1.61). CONCLUSION: it is warned that the occasional use of alcohol risk demands consideration, as well as knowledge of the particularities of the population now investigated, in order to establish control, planning of therapeutic resources so that effective results are achieved in the planned actions and especially in those that are adopted in practice in order to prevent alcohol abuse.
OBJETIVO: identificar la prevalencia del uso de binge en indígenas Karipuna y verificar la asociación de este uso con las variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y comportamentales de la muestra. MÉTODO: se trata de un estudio transversal realizado con 230 indígenas de 12 aldeas Karipuna en Oiapoque. Se obtuvo el rastreo del uso de binge por medio de la pregunta clave. Se recogieron los datos entre los meses de mayo y diciembre de 2017. Se realizaron, a priori, el análisis de la frecuencia de las variables del estudio y a continuación se realizó el test chi-cuadrado y el modelo de regresión logístico. RESULTADOS: se revela que la prevalencia del uso de binge fue de 24,8% de una a tres veces; de 20,4% de cuatro a seis veces; de 12,2% de siete a diez veces y de 9,6% en más de diez veces. Se asociaron los siguientes factores: estudiante (OR=2,99); migración de la aldea de origen (OR=2,22); uso de preservativo (OR=2,62) y relaciones sexuales después de consumo de alcohol (OR=1,61). CONCLUSIÓN: se advierte que el uso ocasional de riesgo de alcohol demanda atención, así como tomar conocimiento de las particularidades de la población que está siendo investigada, con la finalidad de establecer control y planificar recursos terapéuticos, para que sean alcanzados resultados efectivos, en las acciones planificadas y, principalmente, en aquellas que son adoptadas en la práctica, con la finalidad de prevenir el uso abusivo del alcohol.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Alcohol Drinking , Ethnicity , Substance-Related Disorders , Alcohol-Induced Disorders , Population Groups , Alcoholism , Binge DrinkingABSTRACT
Abstract The consumption of alcohol and illicit substances has shown alarming levels among young university students, and its use may be associated with the coping strategy of academic burnout. This review aimed to synthesize the scientific evidence related to the consumption of alcohol and illicit substances associated with burnout syndrome in university students. Searches were carried out in: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, PubMed, Web of Science, PsycNet and Scopus databases, with no year limitation and based on the PRISMA guideline. Among the 2.269 articles identified, 16 met the inclusion criteria. All studies evaluated students in the health area, 12 studies found an association between the variables, with alcohol and illicit substances consumption strongly related to burnout syndrome. It was concluded that there is an association between the studied variables, indicating that the presence of burnout syndrome in university students can result in the use of negative strategies as a coping measure.
Resumo O consumo de álcool e substâncias ilícita tem apresentado níveis alarmantes entre jovens universitários, e seu uso pode estar associado à estratégia de enfrentamento do burnout acadêmico. Esta revisão teve por objetivo sintetizar as evidências científicas relacionadas ao consumo de álcool e substâncias ilícitas associadas a síndrome de burnout em estudantes universitários. Foram realizadas buscas nas bases: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, PubMed, Web of Science, PsycNet e Scopus, sem limitação de ano e baseado na guia PRISMA. Entre os 2.269 artigos identificados, 16 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Todos os estudos avaliaram estudantes da área da saúde, 12 estudos encontraram associação entre as variáveis, sendo o consumo de álcool e substâncias ilícitas fortemente relacionado à sindrome de burnout. Concluiu-se que há associação entre as variáveis estudadas, indicando que a presença da síndrome de burnout em universitários pode resultar no uso de estratégias negativas como medida de enfrentamento.
Resumen El consumo de alcohol y de sustancias ilícitas ha mostrado niveles alarmantes entre los jóvenes universitarios, y su uso puede estar asociado con estrategias de enfrentamiento del burnout académico. Esta revisión tuvo como objetivo sintetizar la evidencia científica relacionada con el consumo de alcohol y de sustancias ilícitas asociadas al síndrome de burnout en estudiantes universitarios. Las búsquedas se realizaron en las bases Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, PubMed, Web of Science, PsycNet y Scopus, sin limitación de año y basándose en la guía PRISMA. De los 2.269 artículos encontrados, 16 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Todos los estudios evaluaron estudiantes del área de salud y 12 estudios encontraron asociación entre las variables, entre los que el consumo de alcohol y de sustancias ilícitas estuvo fuertemente relacionado con el síndrome de burnout. Se concluyó que existe asociación entre las variables estudiadas, indicando que la presencia de síndrome de burnout en estudiantes universitarios puede resultar en el uso de estrategias negativas como medida de enfrentamiento.
Subject(s)
Humans , Students , Alcohol Drinking , Adaptation, Psychological , Health Strategies , Occupational Stress , Burnout, PsychologicalABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo: construir e validar tecnologia educacional sobre consumo de álcool para universitários. Método: estudo metodológico, desenvolvido entre junho de 2015 e julho de 2019, em universidade pública do Amazonas, Brasil. Foram realizadas três etapas: construção, validação de conteúdo e validação de aparência. A validação de conteúdo foi realizada em duas fases com 15 profissionais, e a validação de aparência em uma única fase com 91 acadêmicos de quatro cursos da universidade. Resultados: a tecnologia educacional foi nomeada Consumo de Álcool entre Universitários e está disponível no formato de manual impresso e e-book. Apresentou Índice de Validade de Conteúdo de 0,62 na primeira fase e 0,95 na segunda. Quanto à aparência, obteve Índice de Validade Semântica de 0,89. Considerações finais: o manual mostrou-se válido para utilização entre universitários, e pode contribuir com intervenções educativas nesse âmbito em instituições de ensino superior.
RESUMEN: Objetivo: construir y validar tecnología educativa sobre el consumo de alcohol en estudiantes universitarios. Método: estudio metodológico, desarrollado entre junio de 2015 y julio de 2019, en una universidad pública del Amazonas, Brasil. Se realizaron tres etapas: construcción, validación de contenido y validación de aspecto. La validación de contenido tuvo lugar en dos fases con 15 profesionales, y la validación de aspecto se desarrolló en una única fase con 91 estudiantes de cuatro carreras de la universidad. Resultados: a la tecnología educativa se la denominó Consumo de Alcohol entre Estudiantes Universitarios y está disponible en los formatos de manual impreso y de e-book. Presentó un Índice de Validez de Contenido de 0,62 en la primera fase y de 0,95 en la segunda. En relación al aspecto, obtuvo un Índice de Validez Semántica de 0,89. Consideraciones finales: el manual demostró ser válido para ser usado con estudiantes universitarios, y puede contribuir con intervenciones educativas en este ámbito en instituciones de enseñanza superior.
ABSTRACT Objective: to build and validate educational technology about alcohol consumption among university students. Method: a methodological study conducted between June 2015 and July 2019 in a public university of Amazonas, Brazil. Three stages were conducted: construction, content validation, and face validation. Content validation was carried out in two phases with 15 professionals, and face validation in a single phase with 91 students from four undergraduate courses of the university. Results: the educational technology was named Alcohol Consumption among University Students and is available in print and as an e-book. It presented a Content Validity Index of 0.62 in the first phase, and of 0.95 in the second phase. As for appearance, the Semantic Validity Index was 0.89. Final considerations: the manual showed to be valid for use among university students, and can contribute with educational interventions within this context in higher education institutions.
ABSTRACT
Despite the seriousness of problem gambling, its relationship with many factors has not yet been studied. This investigation sought, on the one hand, to verify the predictability of improvement over problem gambling, with irresponsible gambling being a mediator in this relationship. In addition, we sought to analyze whether predictors of problem gambling are related to problematic alcohol use. The sample consisted of 258 adults (59.5% women) with an average age of 20.95 years (SD = 2.19). Questionnaires were applied to measure gambling addiction, alcohol addiction, reasons for gambling, depression, coping with stress, prosocial behavior, and susceptibility to framing; and correlations, multiple linear regressions and a simple mediation model were analyzed. Results indicated on the one hand that 32.45% of variance in problem gambling is explained by reasons for gambling, with the maximum amount of money bet mediating this relation. On the other hand, an integrative model that explains 16.8% of problem gambling does not work for alcohol addiction. The results provide a new explanatory model of problem gambling and emphasize the need for interventions in problem gambling to be developed in accordance with the special characteristics of this addiction. These findings are relevant in the field of health psychology for their potential contribution to prevention and intervention programs. (AU)
A pesar de la gravedad del juego problemático, la relación que guarda con muchos factores todavía no ha sido estudiada. Esta investigación perseguía, por un lado, comprobar la capacidad predictora del motivo de mejora sobre el juego problemático, siendo el juego irresponsable un mediador en esta relación. Por otro lado, analizar si los factores predictores del juego problemático lo son del consumo problemático de alcohol. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 258 adultos (59.5% mujeres) con una edad media de 20.95 años (SD= 2.19). Se aplicaron cuestionarios para medir los problemas de juego, los problemas con el alcohol, los motivos para jugar, la depresión, el afrontamiento del estrés, la conducta prosocial y la susceptibilidad al efecto marco; y se analizaron las correlaciones, regresiones lineales múltiples y un modelo de mediación simple. Los resultados indican por un lado que el 32.45% de la varianza de los problemas con el juego es explicada por los motivos de juego, mediando la cantidad máxima de dinero apostado esta relación; por otro lado, un modelo integrador que explica el 16.8% de los problemas de juego, no funciona en la adicción al alcohol. Los resultados aportan un nuevo modelo explicativo del juego problemático y recalcan la necesidad de que la intervención en estos problemas se desarrolle atendiendo a las características propias de esta adicción. Estos hallazgos resultan de relevancia en el campo de la salud por su aportación a los programas de prevención e intervención. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Gambling/complications , Gambling/diagnosis , Gambling/psychology , Forecasting , Addiction Medicine , Alcoholism , MotivationABSTRACT
A pesar de la gravedad del juego problemático, la relación que guarda con muchos factores todavía no ha sido estudiada. Esta investigación perseguía, por un lado, comprobar la capacidad predictora del motivo de mejora sobre el juego problemático, siendo el juego irresponsable un mediador en esta relación. Por otro lado, analizar si los factores predictores del juego problemático lo son del consumo problemático de alcohol. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 258 adultos (59.5% mujeres) con una edad media de 20.95 años (SD= 2.19). Se aplicaron cuestionarios para medir los problemas de juego, los problemas con el alcohol, los motivos para jugar, la depresión, el afrontamiento del estrés, la conducta prosocial y la susceptibilidad al efecto marco; y se analizaron las correlaciones, regresiones lineales múltiples y un modelo de mediación simple. Los resultados indican por un lado que el 32.45% de la varianza de los problemas con el juego es explicada por los motivos de juego, mediando la cantidad máxima de dinero apostado esta relación; por otro lado, un modelo integrador que explica el 16.8% de los problemas de juego, no funciona en la adicción al alcohol. Los resultados aportan un nuevo modelo explicativo del juego problemático y recalcan la necesidad de que la intervención en estos problemas se desarrolle atendiendo a las características propias de esta adicción. Estos hallazgos resultan de relevancia en el campo de la salud por su aportación a los programas de prevención e intervención. (AU)
Despite the seriousness of problem gambling, its relationship with many factors has not yet been studied. This investigation sought, on the one hand, to verify the predictability of improvement over problem gambling, with irresponsible gambling being a mediator in this relationship. In addition, we sought to analyze whether predictors of problem gambling are related to problematic alcohol use. The sample consisted of 258 adults (59.5% women) with an average age of 20.95 years (SD = 2.19). Questionnaires were applied to measure gambling addiction, alcohol addiction, reasons for gambling, depression, coping with stress, prosocial behavior, and susceptibility to framing; and correlations, multiple linear regressions and a simple mediation model were analyzed. Results indicated on the one hand that 32.45% of variance in problem gambling is explained by reasons for gambling, with the maximum amount of money bet mediating this relation. On the other hand, an integrative model that explains 16.8% of problem gambling does not work for alcohol addiction. The results provide a new explanatory model of problem gambling and emphasize the need for interventions in problem gambling to be developed in accordance with the special characteristics of this addiction. These findings are relevant in the field of health psychology for their potential contribution to prevention and intervention programs. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Gambling/complications , Gambling/diagnosis , Gambling/psychology , Forecasting , Addiction Medicine , Alcoholism , MotivationABSTRACT
Os filhos de alcoolistas sofrem o impacto de uma relação parental marcada pela violência e imprevisibilidade. O objetivo deste estudo é ilustrar a experiência emocional de filhos de alcoolistas com o relato emblemático de um dos 12 participantes de uma pesquisa psicanalítica empírica. Foi realizada uma entrevista psicanalítica com Rosa Vermelha por meio do uso de uma Narrativa Interativa sobre o drama de um filho que aguarda a chegada do pai alcoolizado. Rosa completou a narrativa expressando-se imaginativamente sobre a convivência com o progenitor. O material narrativo foi analisado à luz da psicanálise winnicottiana, resultando em quatro campos de sentidos que comunicam a experiência emocional de filhos de alcoolistas: "Marcas da Violência"; "Desejo Soberano", "Sobrevivendo ao Caos" e "De volta à minha vida". O intenso sofrimento emocional desses filhos que precisam assumir responsabilidades precocemente enseja a produção de futuras pesquisas que subsidiem práticas no contexto do alcoolismo (AU).
Children of alcoholics suffer the impact of a parental relationship characterized by violence and unpredictability. The objective of this study is to illustrate the emotional experience of children of alcoholics by the emblematic account of one of the 12 participants of an empirical psychoanalytic study. A psychoanalytic interview was conducted with the participant Red Rose by means of an Interactive Narrative about the suffering of a child awaiting the arrival of the intoxicated father. Rose completed the narrative through imaginative ideas about living with the alcoholic parent. The narrative material was analyzed in the light of winnicottian psychoanalysis, resulting in four fields of affective-emotional meaning which convey the emotional experience of children of alcoholics: "Scars of Violence"; "Sovereign Desire", "Surviving to Chaos" and "Back to my Life". The intense emotional suffering of those children who have early to take responsibilities suggests the need for further studies to subsidize practices in the context of alcoholism (AU).
Los hijos de alcohólicos sufren el impacto de una relación parental marcada por la violencia e imprevisibilidad. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar la experiencia emocional de hijos de alcohólicos con el relato emblemático de uno de los 12 participantes de una investigación psicoanalítica empírica. Se realizó una entrevista con la participante Rosa Roja utilizando una Narrativa Interactiva (NI) sobre el drama de un hijo que espera la llegada del padre alcoholizado. Rosa la completó expresándose imaginativamente sobre la convivencia con el progenitor alcohólico. El material narrativo fue analizado a la luz del psicoanálisis winnicottiana, resultando en cuatro campos de sentidos afectivo-emocionales: "Marcas de la Violencia"; "Deseo Soberano", "Sobreviviendo al Caos" y "De vuelta a casa". El intenso sufrimiento emocional de quienes necesitan madurar y asumir responsabilidades precozmente da lugar a la producción de nuevas investigaciones que subsidien prácticas psicosociales en el contexto del alcoholismo (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Domestic Violence/psychology , Alcoholism/psychology , Father-Child Relations , Fathers/psychology , Psychological Distress , NarrationABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: el síndrome de Burnout es una enfermedad mental causada por el estrés laboral, situación ampliamente asociada con los médicos y otros profesionales de salud, asimismo, el abuso de sustancias y la depresión también son problemas psiquiátricos que están relacionados con este ámbito. Objetivo: identificar la frecuencia de estudiantes de medicina del área clínica de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción con sospecha de Síndrome de Burnout y trastorno de abuso de alcohol. Metodología: estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal en estudiantes de medicina del área clínica de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción de Paraguay. Se utilizaron encuestas con la prueba de identificación de desórdenes de uso del alcohol (AUDIT-C), el inventario de Maslach y el screening de depresión PHQ-2. Resultados: de las 157 encuestas, el 43,9% cumplió con los criterios de Síndrome de Burnout, el 49% cumplió los criterios de abuso/dependencia de alcohol y el 38,9% tuvo criterios de alta probabilidad de trastorno depresivo mayor, de ellos la mayoría presentó ideación suicida en los últimos 12 meses. Conclusión: los resultados fueron parecidos a los hallados en la literatura, sin embargo, ciertos aspectos fueron mayores en este estudio, como el porcentaje que cumple los criterios de Síndrome de Burnout, abuso de sustancias e ideación suicida. El Síndrome de Burnout y la dependencia al alcohol son frecuentes en estudiantes de medicina y se asocian comúnmente a trastornos depresivos.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Burnout Syndrome is a mental disorder caused by occupational stress, a situation widely prevalent in doctors and other health professionals. Substance abuse and depression are also psychiatric problems that are related to this area. Objective: To identify the frequency of Burnout Syndrome and its association with Alcohol misuse in medical students in their clinical years at the National University of Asunción. Methodology: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study in medical students from the clinical area of the National University of Asunción, Paraguay. Surveys were used with the alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT-C), the Maslach inventory and the PHQ-2 depression screening. Results: Of the 157 surveys, 43.9% met the criteria for Burnout Syndrome, 49% met the criteria for alcohol misuse / dependence and 38.9% had high probability crite-ria for major depressive disorder. Most of them presented suicidal ideation in the last 12 months. Conclusion: The results were similar to those found in the literature, however, certain aspects were greater in this study, such as the percentage that meets the criteria for Burnout Syndrome, alcohol misuse and suicidal ideation. Burnout Syndrome and alcohol misuse are frequent in medical students and are commonly associated with depressive disorders.
ABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: verificar a percepção de universitários brasileiros sobre os riscos de um comportamento chamado de Beber Pesado Episódico (BPE). MÉTODO: estudo possui delineamento descritivo exploratório, de corte transversal, de natureza quantitativa, Participaram 2641 estudantes de todas as regiões do Brasil. Constatou-se que 24,8% dos respondentes consideram-se um bebedor pesado. RESULTADOS: verificou-se que a bebida mais utilizada na prática do BPE é a cerveja. Os homens praticaram mais o BPE (31,7%) do que as mulheres (19,5%). Dos que já praticaram o BPE, 75,8% responderam que repetiram esse consumo. CONCLUSÃO: uma parcela significativa dos universitários pratica o BPE e sua maioria tem uma baixa percepção do risco relacionado a esse comportamento.
OBJETIVE: verify the perception of Brazilian university students about the risks of a behavior called Binge Drinking. METHOD: descriptive exploratory, cross-sectional, quantitative nature. Participated 2641 students from all regions of Brazil. It was found that 24.8% of respondents considered to be a heavy drinker. RESULTS: it has been found that the beverage most used in the practice of binge drinking is beer. Those who have practiced the binge drinking, 75.8% responded that they repeated this consumption. CONCLUSION: is that a significant portion of university practices binge drinking and most do not realize the risk related to this behavior.
OBJETIVO: verificar la percepción de los estudiantes universitarios brasileños sobre los riesgos de un comportamiento llamado Episodios de consumo excesivo. MÉTODO: la investigación fue descriptiva-exploratoria, de corte transversal con naturaleza cuantitativa. Participaron 2641 estudiantes de todas las regiones de Brasil. RESULTADOS: se constató que el 24,8% de los participantes se consideraban dentro del patrón del episodio de consumo excesivo y se verificó que la cerveza es la bebida más utilizada en dicha práctica. De los que ya habían realizado alguna vez el consumo excesivo, el 75,8% respondieron que repitieron ese patrón. CONCLUSIÓN: se concluye que un número significativo de universitarios practica los episodios de consumo excesivo de alcohol y que en su mayoría no perciben el riesgo relacionado a este comportamiento.