ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There are many risk factors for arthrofibrosis and manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, no study has elucidated whether a history of MUA increases the risk of contralateral MUA in patients undergoing staged bilateral TKA. METHODS: A retrospective review of an institutional database of TKAs was performed. All patients aged ≥18 years who underwent primary staged bilateral TKAs were screened for inclusion. Staged bilateral TKAs were viewed as 2 distinct events based on the temporal order in which they occurred: TKA#1 (occurred first) and TKA#2 (occurred second). Following TKA#1, patients were split into 2 groups: those who underwent MUA (Group MANIP) and those who did not (Group NO MANIP). The subsequent risk of undergoing MUA following TKA#2 was then assessed and compared between the 2 groups. Chi-squared tests were used for comparison. RESULTS: A total of 5,330 patients who underwent primary uncomplicated staged bilateral TKAs (10,660 knees) during the study period were identified. Overall, 2.1% of patients underwent MUA following TKA#1 and 1.9% of patients underwent MUA following TKA#2. In the MANIP group, 21.4% of patients underwent MUA following TKA#2, while only 1.5% underwent MUA in the NO MANIP group. This 14.3-fold increase in the risk of MUA in the MANIP group following TKA#2 was statistically significant (21.4% vs 1.5%, absolute risk reduction = 19.9%, relative risk reduction = 93.0%, P < .0001). CONCLUSION: Patients who undergo MUA during the first TKA of a staged bilateral TKA are 14.3 times more likely to undergo a subsequent MUA than those who did not undergo MUA following their first TKA.
Subject(s)
Anesthesia , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee , Adolescent , Adult , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee/adverse effects , Humans , Knee Joint/diagnostic imaging , Knee Joint/surgery , Range of Motion, Articular , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
La rigidez de rodilla en cirugía de Reconstrucción del Ligamento Cruzado Anterior (R-LCA) es una complicación devastadora, alcanzando una incidencia variable entre el 4% y el 38%. La definición de artrofibrosis es aún poco clara, lo que ha llevado a distintos esquemas terapéuticos. Conocer la etiopatogenia es clave para entender los procesos y las posibles alternativas de tratamiento. Distintas clasificaciones han sido descritas, siendo la de Shelbourne la más usada, debido a su valor pronóstico asociado. El objetivo del tratamiento en una rodilla estable es mejorar la movilidad articular, la satisfacción del paciente, y disminuir el riesgo de artrosis a largo plazo. El tratamiento se puede dividir en quirúrgico y conservador. Ese último, se enfoca principalmente en buscar la causa y lograr una prevención e intervención temprana, siendo el manejo que con mayor frecuencia se realiza. El tratamiento quirúrgico es una opción cuando el tratamiento conservador falla. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura y de 150 pacientes sometidos a R-LCA, de los cuales 4 presentaron artrofibrosis a un seguimiento de 2 años. Además, presentamos nuestro algoritmo de manejo terapéutico.
Knee stiffness in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACL-R) is a devastating complication, with a variable incidence of 4% to 38%. The definition of arthrofibrosis is still unclear, which has led to different therapeutic schemes. Knowing the etiopathogenesis is key to understanding the processes and possible treatment alternatives. Different classifications have been described, with Shelbourne being the most used, due to its associated prognostic value. The aim of treatment in a stable knee is to improve joint mobility, patient satisfaction, and decrease the risk of long-term osteoarthritis. The treatment can be divided into operative and non-operative. The latter focuses mainly on finding the cause and achieving prevention and early intervention, being the management that is most frequently performed. Surgical treatment is an option when conservative treatment fails. A review of the literature and of 150 patients undergoing R-LCA was performed, of which 4 presented arthrofibrosis at a 2-year follow-up. In addition, we present our therapeutic management algorithm.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction/adverse effects , Knee Injuries/etiology , Knee Injuries/physiopathology , Range of Motion, Articular/physiology , Knee Injuries/classification , Knee Injuries/therapyABSTRACT
Introducción La artrofibrosis de rodilla es una complicación importante que se puede presentar en cirugía de reconstrucción primaria del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) y afecta negativamente a los resultados por pérdida de flexoextensión de la rodilla. El objetivo del estudio es establecer la existencia de artrofibrosis en reconstrucción primaria del LCA en pacientes en los cuales se utilizó técnica de autoinjerto de tendón del cuádriceps. Materiales y métodos Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, una serie de casos, en que se incluyó a todos los pacientes con lesión del LCA a quienes se practicó cirugía durante un período de observación de 4 años, en los cuales se utilizó autoinjerto de tendón del cuádriceps sin taco óseo rotuliano. Resultados Se encontró a 127 pacientes con cirugía primaria del LCA con autoinjerto de tendón del cuádriceps sin bloqueo óseo rotuliano durante el período de observación. Cinco pacientes (3,9%) presentaron artrofibrosis que se clasificaron, de acuerdo con la clasificación de Shelbourne, como un paciente de tipo I, tres pacientes de tipo II y un paciente de tipo III. A todos los pacientes se les realizó artrólisis artroscópica total y un plan agresivo de rehabilitación. Todos recuperaron los rangos de movilidad y retornaron a su actividad deportiva. Discusión Mejoras en la técnica quirúrgica, en instrumental quirúrgico, en los protocolos de rehabilitación acelerada y en minimizar los factores de riegos asociados han disminuido considerablemente esta complicación. Nivel de evidencia clínica Nivel IV.
Background Knee arthrofibrosis is a significant complication that can occur in primary reconstruction surgery of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), and adversely affects the results due to loss of flexion-extension of the knee. The aim of this study is to establish the presence of arthrofibrosis in primary ACL reconstruction in patients in whom a quadriceps tendon autograft reconstruction technique was performed. Materials and methods A retrospective case series study was conducted over a four-year observation period on all patients with ACL lesion who were subjected to surgery, in which autograft of the tendon quadriceps without patellar bone block was used. Results A total of 127 patients underwent primary ACL surgery with quadriceps tendon autograft without patellar bone block during the observation period. The five (3.9%) patients that presented with arthrofibrosis were classified according to the Shelbourne classification as one type I patient, three type II patients, and one type III patient. All patients underwent total arthroscopic arthroscopy and aggressive rehabilitation. They all regained mobility ranges and returned to their sporting activity. Discussion Improvements in surgical technique, surgical instruments, accelerated rehabilitation protocols, and minimisation of associated risk factors have significantly reduced the incidence of arthrofibrosis. Evidence level Level IV.