Effect of Artificial Ageing Using Different Wood Chips on Physico-chemical, Sensory and Antimicrobial Properties of Apple Tea Wine

Abstract: Freshly prepared apple tea wine (a combination of tea extract and apple juice) is having yeasty and dull flavour, which needs to be improved to increase the acceptability of this product. Therefore, an attempt has been made for artificial ageing of apple tea wine using different wood chips to improve its physico-chemical, sensory and antimicrobial attributes. Different types of wood chips (Quercus spp., Bombax spp. and Acacia spp.) were added respectively (2.5 g/L to the freshly prepared apple tea wine) and allowed for ageing in carboys for the six months at the room temperature. The influence of each wood species on physico-chemical, sensory and antimicrobial attributes was tested upto 6 months of storage. Storage intervals significantly affected all the physico-chemical attributes (except total sugars, volatile acidity, and antioxidant activity), whereas, the addition of wood chips affected titratable acidity, ethanol, higher alcohols, total phenols, and amino acid. Cluster analysis of the physico-chemical attributes data revealed the same and showed that storage intervals exerted more effect on the physico-chemical and antimicrobial properties of the apple tea wine rather than the wood chips. The antimicrobial activity of 6 months aged wine was low as compared to the fresh wine. Among all the wood chips, apple tea wine aged with Quercus spp. possesses a significantly higher score (according to desirability) than the wine aged with other wood chips and control. In nutshell, apple tea wine matured with Quercus spp. wood chips for 6 months were the best with improved physico-chemical and sensory attributes.

Color stability of experimental composites containing different photoinitiators.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the color stability (ΔE) of experimental composites containing different photoinitiators when submitted to accelerated artificial ageing (AAA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty test specimens were made in a Teflon matrix (8mm×2mm), using an experimental composite (n=10) with the same monomer composition and particle size, but varying photoinitiator used: Group CQ (0.4% Camphorquinone), Group PPD (0.4% 1-Phenyl-1,2 Propanodione) and Group CQ+PPD (0.2% CQ+0.2% PPD). The samples were light activated (QTH - Ultralux - Dabi Atlante - 40s) and polished before performing the initial color readouts (EasyShade - Vita). Next, they were submitted to AAA for 300h, after which final color readouts were made. RESULTS: The results (1-way ANOVA - Tukey - p<0.05) demonstrated that all the groups presented color alteration above the clinically acceptable level (ΔE≥3.3), however, with no statistically significant difference among them (p>0.05). Analysis of Δb demonstrated increase in the values of this coordinate, indicating yellowing in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the type of photoinitiator, which presented a tendency towards yellowing, did not interfere in the color stability of composites submitted to AAA. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Alternative photoinitiators have been extensively studied since Camphorquinone presents a yellowish color, which compromises the aesthetic performance of composites, especially the lighter-shade ones.