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Solid phase extraction (SPE) and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) were used to detect and analyze the distribution of 10 antibiotics including sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides in the Harbin section of Songhua River basin and Ashe River, a tributary of Songhua River. The correlation between the antibiotic concentration and water quality indexes was analyzed and the ecological risks were evaluated. The results showed that only six antibiotics were detected in the entry section of Harbin city on the Songhua River and the concentration was relatively low. However, nine antibiotics were detected in the exit section and only sulfamethazine (SM1) was not detected. The concentrations of macrolide antibiotics increased most significantly, followed by those of sulfonamides and fluoroquinolones. The inflow of three tributaries in Harbin city was the direct cause of the increase in antibiotic concentration in the Songhua River. Only sulfapyridine (SMPD) was not detected in the upper section of Ashe River. Ten antibiotics were detected in the section where the Ashe River enters the Songhua River. The other nine antibiotics were the highest except norfloxacin (NOR). Wastewater discharged from four sewage treatment plants along Ashe River is an important factor affecting the concentration of antibiotics in the Ashe River. Correlation analysis shows that three kinds of antibiotics in the Songhua River have certain positive correlations with ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon. There is a significant positive correlation between the three kinds of antibiotics and ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in the Ashe River system, indicating that the water quality indexes of the Harbin section of Songhua River and Ashe River are closely related to their antibiotic concentrations. The results of ecological risk assessment showed that macrolide antibiotics in the Harbin section of Songhua and Ashe Rivers had certain ecological risks.
Subject(s)
Rivers , Water Pollutants, Chemical , Anti-Bacterial Agents , China , Environmental Monitoring , Risk Assessment , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysisABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To compare the distribution characteristics of pressing sensitive acupoints on the body surface between bronchial asthma (BA) patients and healthy subjects, and to analyze the distribution rules of pressing sensitive acupoints in BA patients. METHODS: Seventy BA patients and 70 healthy subjects were selected in this study. The pressing sensitive acupoints were checked with finger pulp and marked on human nerve segment graph. The numbers of pressing sensitive acupoints were counted and the positional relationship between distribution of pressing sensitive acupoints and the position of meridians and nerve segment was observed. RESULTS: (1) The incidence rates of pressing sensitive acupoints in BA patients group and healthy subjects group were 91.4% (64/70) and 15.7% (11/70) respectively, and the BA patients group was higher than the healthy subjects group (P<0.01). (2) The top 3 meridians with pressing sensitive acupoints occuring in BA patients were bladder meridian of foot-taiyang, lung meridian of hand-taiyin and large intestine meridian of hand-yangming, and the most frequent pressing sensitive acupoints were Feishuï¼BL 13ï¼, Xinshuï¼BL 15ï¼, Chizeï¼LU 5ï¼ and Jueyinshu (BL 14). (3) The pressing sensitive acupoints in BA patients were distributed mainly on C4, C6 and T1-T6 nerve segment. CONCLUSION: Pressing sensitive acupoints have a close correlation with physical condition, and there is a close relation between pressing sensitive acupoints distribution and corresponding meridians and nerve segments in BA patients.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Asthma/therapy , Meridians , Case-Control Studies , HumansABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To compare the distribution characteristics of pressing sensitive acupoints on the body surface between bronchial asthma (BA) patients and healthy subjects, and to analyze the distribution rules of pressing sensitive acupoints in BA patients.@*METHODS@#Seventy BA patients and 70 healthy subjects were selected in this study. The pressing sensitive acupoints were checked with finger pulp and marked on human nerve segment graph. The numbers of pressing sensitive acupoints were counted and the positional relationship between distribution of pressing sensitive acupoints and the position of meridians and nerve segment was observed.@*RESULTS@#(1) The incidence rates of pressing sensitive acupoints in BA patients group and healthy subjects group were 91.4% (64/70) and 15.7% (11/70) respectively, and the BA patients group was higher than the healthy subjects group (<0.01). (2) The top 3 meridians with pressing sensitive acupoints occuring in BA patients were bladder meridian of foot-, lung meridian of hand- and large intestine meridian of hand-, and the most frequent pressing sensitive acupoints were Feishu（BL 13）, Xinshu（BL 15）, Chize（LU 5） and Jueyinshu (BL 14). (3) The pressing sensitive acupoints in BA patients were distributed mainly on C, C and T-T nerve segment.@*CONCLUSION@#Pressing sensitive acupoints have a close correlation with physical condition, and there is a close relation between pressing sensitive acupoints distribution and corresponding meridians and nerve segments in BA patients.
ABSTRACT
Biomechanics based human identification is a major area of research. Biomechanics based approaches depend on accurately recognizing humans using body movements, the accuracy of these approaches is enhanced by incorporating the knee-hip angle to angle relationships. Current biomechanics based models are developed by considering the biomechanics of human walking and running. In biomechanics the joint angle characteristics, also known as gait features play a vital role in identification of humans. In general, identification of humans can be broadly classified into two approaches: biomechanics based approach, also known as Gait Recognition and biometric based Composite Sketch Matching. Gait recognition is a biomechanics based approach which uses gait traits for person authentication, it discriminates people by the way they walk. Gait recognition uses shape and motion information of a person and identifies the individual; this information is generally acquired from an image sequence. The efficiency of gait recognition is mainly affected by covariates such as observation view, walking speed, clothing, and belongings. Biometric based approach for human identification is usually done by composite sketch matching. Composite sketches are sketches generated using a computer. This obviates the need of using a skilled sketch artist; these sketches can be easily drawn by eyewitness using face design system software in a very short time period. This doesn't require any prior specialized software training but identifying humans using only composite sketches is still a challenging task owing to the fact that human faces are not always clearly visible from a distance. Hence drawing a composite sketch at all times is not feasible. The key contribution of this paper is a fusion system developed by combining biomechanics based gait recognition and biometric based composite sketch matching for identifying humans in crowded scenes. First various existing biomechanics based approaches for gait recognitionare developed. Then a novel biomechanics based gait recognition is developed using Sparse Representation to generate what we term as "score 1." Further another novel technique for composite sketch matching is developed using Dictionary Matching to generate what we term as "score 2." Finally, score level fusion using Dempster Shafer and Proportional Conflict Distribution Rule Number 5 is performed. The proposed fusion approach is validated using a database containing biomechanics based gait sequences and biometric based composite sketches. From our analysis we find that a fusion of gait recognition and composite sketch matching provides excellent results for real-time human identification.
Subject(s)
Biometric Identification/methods , Gait/physiology , Pattern Recognition, Automated/methods , Algorithms , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Machine Learning , Video RecordingABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo explore clinical distribution rule of manifestations in patients with CAS,to provide objective basis of standardization,clinical diagnosis and treatment.MethodsEpidemiological methods were used to investigate on guanan'men hospital patients with CAS.Altogether 298 records of CAS patients were enrolled in this study,the frequency of main syndromes and the distribution characteristics of accompanying symptoms were analyzed.ResultsThe main syndromes of CAS were sputum stasis syndrome,qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome,and deficiency syndrome of both liver and kidney yin,all together accounted for 39.3％.The major symptoms were vertigo or dizziness (64.1％),chest distress (60.1％),dry mouth (63.8％),amnesia (58.7％),and insomnia (50.0％) separately.ConclusionSputum stasis syndrome,Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome and deficiency syndrome of both liver and kidney yin group were as a combine form in patients with CAS,and dizziness or vertigo was its main clinical manifestation.
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[Objective] To inquire the national distribution of the Xinjiang residents of Northwest Dryness Syndrome's (NDS) rate.[Methods] To study the national distribution of NDS's rate at Yili,Hami,Urumqi in Xinjiang using the Scale Investigation of NDS.[Results] The NDS's rate of the rural residents has the regulation which Han or Kazakans is higher than Uighur in above the three areas,and the cities have the regulation which Han is higher than Uighur in above the three areas.The NDS's rate has the regulation which the city residents are higher than the rural's.The three nations have no difference.[Conclusion] The NDS's rate of the residents in Xinjiang has the regulation which Hami is higher than Urumqi or Yili in above three areas.Maybe,the national difference of eating habits leads the national difference of the NDS's rate and the living environment difference of urban and rural leads the national difference of the NDS's rate.
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Objective To discuss the rule of distribution of TCM syndromes of Psoriasis (Ps).Methods The 205 Ps vulgaris outpatients were investigated and the case research forms were filled in.Based on the diagnosis standard of TCM syndromes,the patients were differentiated into different syndromes.The correlation between the syndromes and clinical materials were discussed.Results The main TCM syndromes of Ps were blood heat,blood stasis,blood dryness,blood heat-stasis,blood heat-dryness and blood stasis-dryness.The distribution of these six main syndromes in different ages,disease stages,and recurrent time in different groups was significantly different (P
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The distribution rule of trace bio.elements in various organisms is presented.The com- mon logarithm of the average content of trace bio-elements in organisms is linearly depen- dent on their elementary atomic numbers,showing periodicity.
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The distribution rule of trace bioelement int different species of honeysuckle flower is re- ported.The common logarithms of the content of trace bioelement in different species of honeysuckle flower depend on their elementary atomic numbers,showing periodicity.