ABSTRACT
Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare condition, accounting for approximately 1 % of all breast cancer cases. Nevertheless, the paucity of MBC-specific research has impeded a thorough understanding of MBC. In this study, we aimed to delineate the epidemiological implications of MBC in Brazil and benchmarked it against female breast cancer (FBC). This retrospective study analyzed data from the DATASUS database (2017-2021), which assessed the incidence of breast cancer in both sexes. All statistical analyses were performed using descriptive statistics and inferential methods, with significance set at a 95 % confidence interval. We identified 4,326 (1.7 %) and 233,793 (94.2 %) patients with MBC and FBC, respectively, in Brazil. Despite the general population concentration in the Southeast, MBC cases were more prevalent in the Northeast (p < 0.0004). At breast cancer diagnosis, males were typically older (mean age 59.5 [±10.2] years) than females (mean age 55.7 7 [±9.8] years). MBC was more commonly diagnosed clinically compared with FBC, which was most commonly diagnosed via screening. Surgical diagnostics were twice as likely in males, who also more frequently presented with advanced disease stages (stages III and IV; 72.8 % vs. 59.3 %), leading to a higher rate of mastectomy. Treatment was initiated earlier in males than in females. Although MBC comprises a minority of breast cancer cases, it is more frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage compared with FBC and necessitates aggressive treatment. Our study also underscores the potential benefit of prompt initiation of therapy and need for tailored clinical approaches in patients with MBC.
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O uso indiscriminado de psicotrópicos tem importância econômica, social e requer atenção dos profissionais de saúde. Nessa perspectiva, a pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar a prescrição e o perfil de utilização de psicotrópicos na Farmácia Básica do município de Catolé do Rocha/PB. O presente estudo é transversal, quantitativo do tipo descritivo. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionários aplicados no período de abril a maio de 2021. Foram entrevistados 200 usuários, selecionados com base em critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Os resultados apontaram a prevalência do sexo feminino (63,0%), casados (53,5%), residentes da zona urbana (70,5%), baixa escolaridade (56,5%) e aposentados (44,5%). Em suma, as prescrições eram obtidas em UBS (81,0%) por queixas de ansiedade (24,0%) e insônia (23,5%). Observou-se maior frequência de prescrição para clonazepam (18,6%) e alprazolam (15,9%), ambos considerados MPI. Estes foram prescritos principalmente por clínicos gerais (71,8%). Assim, evidencia-se a importância do farmacêutico na APS, tanto na sensibilização dos prescritores com relação à escolha e prescrição adequada destes medicamentos quanto na orientação dos pacientes com vistas à promoção do uso racional de psicotrópicos.
The use of psychotropic drugs has economic and social importance and requires attention from health professionals. he objective of this research was to evaluate the prescription and the profile of use of psychotropic drugs in the Basic Pharmacy in the municipality of Catolé do Rocha/PB. This is a cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive study. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires applied from April to May 2021. Two hundred users were interviewed, selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed a prevalence of females (63.0%), married (53.5%), residing in the urban area (70.5%), with low education (56.5%), and retired (44.5%). The prescriptions were obtained at the Basic Health Unit (81.0%) for complaints of anxiety (24.0%) and insomnia (23.5%). We observed a higher frequency of prescriptions for clonazepam (18.6%) and alprazolam (15.9%), both considered potential inappropriate drugs. These were mainly prescribed by general practitioners (71.8%). Thus, the importance of pharmacists in Primary Health Care is evident both to increase the awareness among prescribers regarding the choice and proper prescription of medications and to guide patients with a view to promoting the rational use of psychotropic drugs.
Subject(s)
Health Profile , Inappropriate PrescribingABSTRACT
Objetivo: Analisar a incidência de sífilis congênita e descrever o perfil epidemiológico das mães e recém-nascidos diagnosticados no município de Sorocaba, SP. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e inferencial, utilizando dados provenientes da notificação compulsória de casos confirmados de sífilis congênita. A coleta dessas informações ocorreu no período de 2018 a 2022, a partir do banco de dados do Centro Municipal de Atenção Especializada. Resultados: Foram notificados 164 casos e a incidência de sífilis congênita foi de 3,66 novos casos. O perfil sociodemográfico das mães, predominantemente jovens, de etnia branca e com escolaridade desconhecida, reflete desafios na identificação e tratamento. A associação significativa entre o esquema de tratamento materno e a escolaridade, especialmente no ensino superior, destaca a importância do acesso à informação na prevenção da transmissão vertical. Apesar da cobertura universal do pré-natal, a presença majoritária de tratamentos inadequados ou não realizados sugere barreiras práticas e socioeconômicas. A significativa proporção de parceiros não tratados ou desconhecidos destaca a necessidade de abordagens abrangentes. Conclusão: Os resultados destacam a importância de estratégias integradas que ultrapassem o âmbito clínico. A implementação de medidas preventivas, educacionais e de apoio socioeconômico é imperativa para avançar em direção à redução efetiva da sífilis congênita em Sorocaba. (AU)
Objective: To analyze the incidence of congenital syphilis and to describe the epidemiological profile of mothers and newborns diagnosed in the city of Sorocaba, Southeastern Brazil. Methods: This was a descriptive and inferential study using data from the compulsory notification of confirmed cases of congenital syphilis. This information was collected from 2018 to 2022, using the database of the Municipal Center for Specialized Care. Results: 164 cases were reported and the incidence of congenital syphilis was 3.66 new cases. The sociodemographic profile of the mothers, who were predominantly young, of white ethnicity and with unknown schooling, reflects challenges in identification and treatment. The significant association between maternal treatment regimen and schooling, especially in higher education, highlights the importance of access to information in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission. Despite universal prenatal coverage, the majority of inadequate or non-performing treatments suggests practical and socioeconomic barriers. The significant proportion of untreated or unknown partners highlights the need for comprehensive approaches. Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of integrated strategies that go beyond the clinical scope. The implementation of preventive, educational and socioeconomic support measures is imperative to move towards the effective reduction of congenital syphilis in Sorocaba. (AU)
Objetivo: Analizar la incidencia de sífilis congénita y describir el perfil epidemiológico de madres y recién nacidos diagnosticados en la ciudad de Sorocaba, Sudeste de Brasil. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo e inferencial con datos de la notificación obligatoria de casos confirmados de sífilis congénita. Esta información se recolectó de 2018 a 2022, utilizando la base de datos del Centro Municipal de Atención Especializada. Resultados: Se notificaron 164 casos y la incidencia de sífilis congénita fue de 3,66 casos nuevos. El perfil sociodemográfico de las madres, predominantemente jóvenes, de etnia blanca y con escolaridad desconocida, refleja dificultades en la identificación y el tratamiento. La asociación significativa entre el régimen de tratamiento materno y la escolaridad, especialmente en la educación superior, pone de relieve la importancia del acceso a la información en la prevención de la transmisión maternoinfantil. A pesar de la cobertura prenatal universal, la mayoría de los tratamientos inadecuados o ineficaces plantean barreras prácticas y socioeconómicas. La importante proporción de parejas no tratadas o desconocidas pone de relieve la necesidad de adoptar enfoques integrales. Conclusión: Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la importancia de las estrategias integradas que van más allá del ámbito clínico. La implementación de medidas de apoyo preventivo, educativo y socioeconómico es imprescindible para avanzar hacia la reducción efectiva de la sífilis congénita en Sorocaba. (AU)
Subject(s)
Syphilis , Syphilis, Congenital , Health Profile , Incidence , Infectious Disease Transmission, VerticalABSTRACT
Introdução: As doenças do sistema respiratório se mostram como uma das causas mais preocupantes de internações hospitalares no país. Nessa perspectiva, o perfil das internações por doenças respiratórias em crianças permite observar os parâmetros desta problemática, fornecendo um conhecimento amplo acerca do processo saúde e doença nessa população. Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico das internações hospitalares por causas do aparelho respiratório em crianças de 0 a 9 anos no Brasil e regiões, entre os anos de 2013 e 2022. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, realizado no Brasil, a partir de dados secundários do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares. A população escolhida para este estudo foram crianças de 0 a 9 anos deidade. Os dados foram coletados em 26 de novembro de 2022. As variáveis dependentes do estudo são as internações de crianças de 0 a 9 anos por doenças do aparelho respiratório no Brasil e suas regiões. Já, como variáveis independentes, tem-se o tempo, do período de janeiro de 2013 a setembro de 2022, regiões e faixa etária. Resultados: Há uma tendência de queda das internações por causa respiratória até o ano de 2016, seguido de um crescimento gradativo até 2019. Entretanto, em 2020, a taxa de hospitalização reduziu drasticamente em todas as localidades. As regiões Sul, Norte e Centro-Oeste permaneceram com taxas maiores que o Brasil em todo o período estudado. A internação em menores de 1 ano representa o maior quantitativo de internações sendo a pneumonia a causa mais prevalente. Conclusões: As taxas de internação infantil por doenças respiratórias representam importante preocupação para saúde pública. Assim, destaca-se a relevância da efetividade da Atenção Primária à Saúde, que possui grande impacto no desfecho dos adoecimentos em crianças, especialmente das doenças respiratórias (AU).
Introduction: Respiratory system diseases are one of the most worrying causes of hospital admissions in the country. From this perspective, the profile of hospitalizations for respiratory diseases in children allows us to notice the parameters of this problem, providing a broad understanding of the health and disease process in this population.Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile of hospital admissions due to respiratory causes in children aged 0 to 9 in Brazil and its regions between 2013 and 2022. Methodology: This is an ecological study held in Brazil using secondary data from the Hospital Information System. The population chosen for this study consisted of children aged 0 to 9. Data were collected on November 26, 2022. The dependent variables of this study are hospitalizations of children aged 0 to 9 due to respiratory diseases in Brazil and its regions. The independent variables are time, from January 2013 to September 2022, regions, and age group.Results: There was a downward trend in hospitalizations due to respiratory causes until 2016, followed by a gradual increase until 2019. Nonetheless, in 2020, the hospitalization rate fell dramatically in all locations. The South, North and Mid-West regions remained with higher rates than Brazil throughout the studied period. Hospitalization of children under 1 year old represents the largest number of admissions, with pneumonia being Revista Ciência Plural. 2024; 10(1): e31414 3the most prevalent cause.Conclusions: Hospitalization rates during childhood due to respiratory diseases represent a major public health concern. Thus, one can highlight the importance of the effectiveness of Primary Health Care, which has a major impact on the outcome of illnesses in children, especially respiratory diseases (AU).
Introducción: Las enfermedades del sistema respiratorio son una de lascausas más preocupantes de hospitalizaciones en el país. Desde esta perspectiva, el perfil de hospitalizaciones por enfermedades respiratorias en niños permite observar los parámetros de este problema, proporcionando una amplia comprensión del proceso de salud y enfermedad en esta población.Objetivo: Analizar el perfil epidemiológico de las internaciones por causas respiratorias en niños de 0 a 9 años en Brasil y sus regiones entre 2013 y 2022. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio ecológico conducido en Brasil a partir de datos secundarios del Sistema de Información Hospitalaria. La población elegida para este estudio fueron los niños de 0 a 9 años. Los datos se recogieron el 26 de noviembre de 2022. Las variables dependientes del estudio son las hospitalizaciones de niños de 0 a 9 años por enfermedades respiratorias en Brasil y sus regiones. Las variables independientes son el tiempo, de enero de 2013 a septiembre de 2022, las regiones y la franja etaria.Resultados: Se nota una tendencia a la baja de las hospitalizaciones por causas respiratorias hasta 2016, seguida de un aumento gradual hasta 2019. Sin embargo, en 2020, la tasa de hospitalización cayó drásticamente en todas las localidades. Las regiones Sur, Norte y Medio Oeste se mantuvieron con tasas másaltas que Brasil durante todo el período estudiado. Las hospitalizaciones en niños menores de 1 año representan el mayor número de internaciones, siendo la neumonía la causa más prevalente.Conclusiones: Las tasas de hospitalización infantil por enfermedades respiratorias representan un importante problema de salud pública. Así, se subraya la importancia de la eficacia de la Atención Primaria de Salud, que tiene un gran impacto en el resultado de las enfermedades en los niños, especialmente las respiratorias (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Respiratory Tract Diseases/pathology , Health Profile , Child Health , Morbidity , Primary Health Care , Hospital Information Systems , Ecological Studies , HospitalizationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Sporotrichosis is an endemic subcutaneous mycosis classically caused by the Sporothrix schenckii species complex. Recently, sporotrichosis has emerged in Brazil as a cat-transmitted epidemic caused by a new species, Sporothrix brasiliensis. OBJECTIVES: To survey the clinical-epidemiological profile of all sporotrichosis cases diagnosed between 2011 and 2020 at a reference hospital in São Paulo metropolitan area and evaluate the annual distribution of cases in relation to seasonality. METHODS: Patients' demographic and clinical-epidemiological data were surveyed. A generalized linear model was fitted to relate the quarterly number of sporotrichosis cases detected between 2015 and 2019 with precipitation and temperature series. Prediction of the number of cases from 2011 to 2014 was attempted based on the fitted model without the trend component that appears from 2015. RESULTS: Among 271 suspected cases admitted during 2011-2020, 254 were confirmed by fungal isolation and/or clinical-epidemiological criteria. We observed that 2015 onwards the number of cases regularly increased during Autumn and Winter, the driest and coldest stations of the year. We verified that temperature series affected the number of cases (p = .005) because an increase of 1°C in the temperature series was associated with a 14.24% decrease in the average cases number, with the average number of cases increasing by 10.96% (p < .0001) every quarter, corresponding to an annual increase of 52%. Between 2011 and 2014, the predicted number of sporotrichosis cases averaged 10-12 per year, with 33%-38% occurring in the winter. CONCLUSION: We hypothesize that sporotrichosis seasonality is associated with the felines' oestrus cycle, which may provide alternative, cat-directed approaches to the sporotrichosis epidemic control.
Subject(s)
Cat Diseases , Dermatomycoses , Epidemics , Sporothrix , Sporotrichosis , Animals , Cats , Sporotrichosis/epidemiology , Sporotrichosis/microbiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Dermatomycoses/epidemiology , Cat Diseases/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Introduction: Understanding the epidemiological profile and risk factors associated with invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is essential to manage the patients better and to improve health services. Therefore, our objective was to describe the epidemiological profile of adult patients in intensive care that required IMV in-hospital treatment. Also, to evaluate the risks associated with death and the influence of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) at admission in the clinical outcome. Methods: We conducted an epidemiological study analyzing medical records of inpatients who received IMV from January 2016 to December 2019 prior to the Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19 pandemic in Brazil. We considered the following characteristics in the statistical analysis: demographic data, diagnostic hypothesis, hospitalization data, and PEEP and PaO2 during IMV. We associated the patients' features with the risk of death using a multivariate binary logistic regression analysis. We adopted an alpha error of 0.05. Results: We analyzed 1,443 medical records; out of those, 570 (39.5%) recorded the patients' deaths. The binary logistic regression was significant in predicting the patients' risk of death [X2(9) = 288.335; p < 0.001]. Among predictors, the most significant in relation to death risk were: age [elderly ≥65 years old; OR = 2.226 (95%CI = 1.728-2.867)]; male sex (OR = 0.754; 95%CI = 0.593-0.959); sepsis diagnosis (OR = 1.961; 95%CI = 1.481-2.595); need for elective surgery (OR = 0.469; 95%CI = 0.362-0.608); the presence of cerebrovascular accident (OR = 2.304; 95%CI = 1.502-3.534); time of hospital care (OR = 0.946; 95%CI = 0.935-0.956); hypoxemia at admission (OR = 1.635; 95%CI = 1.024-2.611), and PEEP >8 cmH2O at admission (OR = 2.153; 95%CI = 1.426-3.250). Conclusion: The death rate of the studied intensive care unit was equivalent to that of other similar units. Regarding risk predictors, several demographic and clinical characteristics were associated with enhanced mortality in intensive care unit patients under mechanical ventilation, such as diabetes mellitus, systemic arterial hypertension, and older age. The PEEP >8 cmH2O at admission was also associated with increased mortality since this value is a marker of initially severe hypoxia.
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Castleman's disease (CD) is a rare and heterogeneous lymphoproliferative disorder, with limited available clinical information in Brazil. A retrospective study was carried out through information contained in the medical records of 51 patients, between July 1999 and June 2020. Seven patients were excluded, and 44 were analyzed in total. The average age of unicentric CD (UCD) patients was 35 years old and of multicentric CD (MCD) patients was 49 years old (p = 0.013). Regarding gender, there was a predominance of females among patients with UCD (68.4%) and males in patients with MCD (57.9%) (p = 0.103). The most common site of involvement in UCD was the cervical region (36.8%). A total of 73.7% of patients with UCD and 68.4% of patients with MCD presented the histological form hialyne-vascular (HV) (p = 0.499). Most patients with laboratory abnormalities had MCD. A total of 78% of the patients were asymptomatic, with the majority of symptomatic patients with MCD (p = 0.042). Only two of the 27 patients evaluated for the presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) had positive serology. HHV-8 was evaluated in 14 cases, being positive in two. Of the patients with UCD, 94.7% underwent excisional biopsy, against only 41.2% of patients with MCD (p = 0.01). The mean follow-up was 61 months. We observed similarities in the clinical profile between patients in our study and patients described in the literature, such as gender, mean age, B symptoms, visceromegaly, fluid accumulation, and treatment. Unlike the literature, the cervical region was the most affected site, besides the greater association of the HV histological subtype among patients with MCD.
Subject(s)
Castleman Disease , Herpesvirus 8, Human , Male , Female , Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Castleman Disease/diagnosis , Brazil/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , HIVABSTRACT
Objetivo: este estudo se propôs a caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico da esporotricose felina no município de São Paulo (SP) no período de 2011 a 2022. Métodos: estudo descritivo dos casos de esporotricose felina registrados entre 2011 e 2022. Foram utilizados dados secundários, provenientes dos bancos de dados da vigilância do município. Resultados: o perfil predominante dos animais é composto por machos, 71,4% (n=2.644), com idade inferior a 4 anos 70,1% (n=1.137) e com livre acesso à rua 51,0% (n=1.348). Foram registrados 811 óbitos, entre os quais foi informado o sexo para 381, sendo estes 77,4% (n=295) machos e 22,6% (n=86) fêmeas. Conclusão: diante dos achados deste estudo, compreende-se que a situação epidemiológica da doença requer ações conjuntas das vigilâncias epidemiológica e ambiental para serem desenvolvidas medidas de prevenção e controle embasadas em uma perspectiva de saúde única.
Objective: this study aimed to characterize the epidemiological profile of feline sporotrichosis in the city of São Paulo (SP) from 2011 to 2022. Methods: this is a descriptive study of feline sporotrichosis cases reported between 2011 and 2022. The data were obtained from a secondary database of the São Paulo Health Surveillance System. Results: the predominant profile of the animals is composed of males 71.4% (n=2,644), under the age of four years old 70.1% (n=1,137), and with free access to streets 51.0% (n=1,348). Furthermore, of the 811 deaths registered, 381 had the gender identified, 77.4% (n=295) were males, and 22.6% (n=86) were females. Conclusion: given the findings of this study, it is understood that the epidemiological situation of the disease requires joint actions by epidemiological and environmental surveillance in order to develop prevention and control measures based on one health perspective.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Sporotrichosis , Health Profile , ZoonosesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To identify and analyze the biosocioeconomic profile associated with the occupation and education of persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) from Brazil. DESIGN: Analytical, quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional. PARTICIPANTS: Sample composed of 618 Brazilian adults with SCI and access to the internet. SETTING: Community-based, Brazil. METHODS: An online form was developed and publicized on Brazilian social media to voluntarily register for participation in research. Pearson's Chi-squared test was used to analyze the association between categorical variables and the Kruskal Wallis test was used for comparisons and adjusted Odds Ratio with a 95% Confidence Interval. RESULTS: Among the 618 participants, 68.9% were men, with mean age of 38.04 years (SD = 9.85); 58.7% were people with paraplegia and most injuries were traumatic (78.5%), most caused by road traffic accidents (40.8%) and weapons (17.5%). The majority were graduates or post-graduates (49.5%) and received an income of up to US$ 749.58 (55.1%); 70.9% of the participants were beneficiaries of social welfare (63.6%) or unemployed (7.3%). There was a reduction in the employment rate from 91.3% to 15.2% after SCI. An association was found between education and current occupation (P ≥ 0.001). Participants with higher education had higher odds (7.48) to being employed relative to those with elementary education. CONCLUSION: A serious employment situation after SCI was found, with high unemployment and dependence on social welfare. This shows the need for investment in public policies for the rehabilitation, focused on participation, return to the labor market, and ending dependence on social welfare.
Subject(s)
Spinal Cord Injuries , Adult , Male , Humans , Female , Spinal Cord Injuries/epidemiology , Spinal Cord Injuries/rehabilitation , Brazil/epidemiology , Employment , Cross-Sectional Studies , Paraplegia/rehabilitationABSTRACT
Se identificó el perfil epidemiológico y se caracterizó la situación de la población en base al Nivel Socio-Económico (NSE) asociado al estado dentario y se es-tablecieron las zonas geográficas de pacientes que asistieron a la Cátedra Odontología Integral Niños (COIN) de FOUBA durante el año 2019. La muestra total se conformó con 541 niños de 9,2±3,3 años; masculi-nos 51,0%. La segmentación de los estratos sociales dio como resultado que del total de pacientes, el 33,3% perteneció a Clase Baja D2/E, el 39,2% a Clase Baja Superior D1, el 22,4% a Clase Media Baja C3, el 4% a Clase Media Alta C2 y el 1,1% a Clase Alta ABC1. La mayor demanda de atención provino de las dos clases más bajas de la pirámide social, aunque se trata de un servicio arancelado. Los indicadores del estado den-tario ceod, ceos, CPOD y CPOS, indicaron que los niños de menor posición socioeconómica presentaron los índices más altos. La mayor concurrencia provino de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (52%), respecto a los pacientes concurrentes del Gran Buenos Aires (37%), el 80% provino de la zona Oeste y Sur (AU)
The epidemiological profile was identified, and the situation of the population was characterized based on Socio-Economic Status (SES) associated with their dental state. Geographical areas of patients who attended the FOUBA Children's Comprehensive Dentistry Chair during 2019 were established. The total sample consisted of 541 children aged 9.2±3.3 years; males 51.0%. The segmentation of the social strata resulted in 33.3% belonging to Low-Class D2/E, 39.2% to Upper Lower-Class D1, 22.4% to Lower Middle-Class C3, 4% to Upper Middle-Class C2, and 1.1% to Upper-Class ABC1. The largest demand for care came from the two lowest classes of the social pyramid, even though it is a fee-based service. The indicators of dental status dmft, dmfs, DMFT and DMFS, showed that children coming from the lowest socio-economic position presented the highest rate of occurrence. The highest attendance came from the City of Buenos Aires (52%), compared to patients from Buenos Aires suburbs (37%), of which 80% were from the Western and Southern suburbs (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Socioeconomic Factors , Epidemiologic Factors , Dental Care for Children/methods , Dental Caries/epidemiology , Health Services Needs and Demand/statistics & numerical data , Argentina/epidemiology , Schools, Dental/statistics & numerical data , Social Class , DMF Index , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Introdução: Blastocystis sp. é o parasito mais comum encontrado nos estudos de prevalência de parasitas intestinais em diferentes populações. Objetivo: determinar a prevalência do parasita intestinal Blastocystis sp. em moradores da comunidade quilombola Distrito Nossa Senhora Aparecida do Chumbo localizada em uma área rural do Município de Poconé-MT. Método: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico descritivo e quantitativo que determinou a prevalência do parasita intestinal Blastocystis sp. que ocorreu nos meses de dezembro de 2021 a maio de 2022. A amostra final foi composta por 114 participantes. Na identificação das formas evolutivas dos parasitas intestinais nas amostras fecais foi empregado o método de Hoffman. As amostras foram analisadas com auxílio do microscópio óptico e as lâminas foram coradas com lugol, para identificação das formas evolutivas dos parasitos. Para análise descritiva foi realizado a frequência absoluta e percentual. Foram realizados cálculos para determinar a prevalência total de parasitos intestinais e a prevalência por tipo de parasitas. Resultados: A prevalência total foi de 75%, deste a maior ocorrência foi apresentada por Blastocystis sp. Conclusão: Sugerimos, que a alta prevalência deste parasito que tem por via de contaminação fecal- oral, esteja associada à falta de um saneamento adequado, bem como ao acesso da água de qualidade.
Introduction: Blastocystis sp. is the most common parasite found in studies of intestinal parasite prevalence in different populations. Objective: To determine the prevalence of the intestinal parasite Blastocystis sp. in residents of the quilombola community of Distrito Nossa Senhora Aparecida do Chumbo located in a rural area of the Municipality of Poconé-MT. Method: This is a descriptive and quantitative epidemiological study that determined the prevalence of the intestinal parasite Blastocystis sp. that occurred in the months from December 2021 to May 2022. The final sample consisted of 114 participants. The Hoffman method was used to identify the evolutionary forms of the intestinal parasites in the fecal samples. The samples were analyzed with the aid of an optical microscope and the slides were stained with lugol to identify the evolutive forms of the parasites. For descriptive analysis, absolute and percentage frequency was performed. Calculations were performed to determine the total prevalence of intestinal parasites and the prevalence by type of parasites. Results: The total prevalence was 75%, of this the highest occurrence was presented by Blastocystis sp. Conclusion: We suggest, that the high prevalence of this parasite that has a fecal-oral contamination route, is associated with the lack of proper sanitation, as well as access to quality water.
Introducción: Blastocystis sp. es el parásito más común encontrado en estudios de prevalencia de parásitos intestinales en diferentes poblaciones. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia del parásito intestinal Blastocystis sp. en residentes de la comunidad quilombola del Distrito Nossa Senhora Aparecida do Chumbo localizada en una zona rural del Municipio de Poconé-MT. Método: Se trata de un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo y cuantitativo que determinó la prevalencia del parásito intestinal Blastocystis sp. ocurrida en los meses de diciembre de 2021 a mayo de 2022. La muestra final estuvo compuesta por 114 participantes. Se utilizó el método Hoffman para identificar las formas evolutivas de los parásitos intestinales en las muestras fecales. Las muestras se analizaron con la ayuda de un microscopio óptico y los portaobjetos se tiñeron con lugol para identificar las formas evolutivas de los parásitos. Para el análisis descriptivo se calcularon las frecuencias absolutas y porcentuales. Se realizaron cálculos para determinar la prevalencia total de parásitos intestinales y la prevalencia por tipo de parásitos. Resultados: La prevalencia total fue de 75%, de esta la mayor ocurrencia la presentó Blastocystis sp. Conclusión: Sugerimos, que la alta prevalencia de este parásito que tiene por vía de contaminación fecal-oral, está asociada a la falta de saneamiento adecuado, así como al acceso a agua de calidad.
ABSTRACT
As parasitoses intestinais ainda constituem um problema de saúde pública no Brasil, especialmente nas regiões onde o saneamento básico e condições socioeconômicas são frágeis, como na região Nordeste. São um conjunto de doenças causadas por parasitas helmínticos ou protozoários, que acometem o intestino humano, causando sintomas, como diarreia, dor abdominal, astenia, náuseas, vômitos, entre outros. Seu diagnóstico é feito pelo parasitológico de fezes e o tratamento é baseado no uso de anti-protozoários ou anti-helmínticos. Objetivo: analisar os principais aspectos das parasitoses intestinais presentes no Nordeste, identificando aquelas mais prevalentes e as populações de maiores riscos. Metodologia: o estudo foi do tipo descritivo, utilizando-se uma revisão integrativa de literatura do período de 2012 a 2021, nas bases de dados eletrônicas Scielo, BVS e Google Acadêmico. Para o processo de busca e análise dos artigos, foi utilizado o diagrama flow. Todos os dados da pesquisa foram analisados no Microsoft Word e, posteriormente os resultados foram transformados em quadros e tabelas para melhor organização e interpretação das informações colhidas. Resultados: observou-se, a partir da análise dos 10 artigos, uma variação de 26,00% a 92,85% na taxa de infecções por parasitas intestinais na região Nordeste, em diversas populações, desde pré-escolares, escolares e adultos. Os fatores de risco que estiveram associados ao desenvolvimento, foram: falta de higiene pessoal e dos alimentos, ausência ou precariedade dos serviços de saneamento básico, baixa escolaridade e renda dos pais, qualidade da água de beber e práticas de andar descalço por parte das crianças. Considerações finais: Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de medidas preventivas e tratamento das enteroparasitoses, como mudanças de hábitos de higiene e melhorias nas condições de vida, como o acesso à água tratada e saneamento básico adequado. Além disso, é importante que surjam mais estudos epidemiológicos para subsidiar medidas de controle e prevenção adequadas e eficazes.
Intestinal parasites are still a public health problem in Brazil, especially in regions where basic sanitation and socioeconomic conditions are fragile, as in the Northeast region. They are a set of diseases caused by helminthic or protozoan parasites, which affect the human intestine, causing symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, asthenia, nausea, vomiting, among others. Its diagnosis is made by fecal parasitology and treatment is based on the use of anti-protozoal or anthelmintic agents. Objective: to analyze the main aspects of intestinal parasites present in the Northeast, identifying the most prevalent ones and the populations at greatest risk. Methodology: the study was descriptive, using an integrative literature review from 2012 to 2021, in the electronic databases Scielo, BVS and Google Scholar. For the process of searching and analyzing the articles, the flow diagram was used. All survey data were analyzed in Microsoft Excel and, later, the results were transformed into graphs and tables for better interpretation of the collected information. RESULTS: from the analysis of the 10 articles, a variation from 26.00% to 92.85% was observed in the rate of infections by intestinal parasites in the Northeast region, in different populations, from preschoolers, schoolchildren and adults. The risk factors that were associated with development were: lack of personal hygiene and food, absence or precariousness of basic sanitation services, low parental education and income, quality of drinking water and practices of walking barefoot by children. Final Considerations: The results point to the need for preventive measures and treatment of intestinal parasites, such as changes in hygiene habits and improvements in living conditions, such as access to treated water and adequate basic sanitation. In addition, it is important that more epidemiological studies appear to support appropriate and effective control and prevention measures.
Las parasitosis intestinales siguen siendo un problema de salud pública en Brasil, especialmente en regiones donde el saneamiento básico y las condiciones socioeconómicas son frágiles, como en la región Nordeste. Son un conjunto de enfermedades causadas por parásitos helmínticos o protozoarios, que afectan el intestino humano, causando síntomas como diarrea, dolor abdominal, astenia, náuseas, vómitos, entre otros. Su diagnóstico se realiza mediante parasitología fecal y el tratamiento se basa en el uso de agentes antiprotozoarios o antihelmínticos. Objetivo: analizar los principales aspectos de los parásitos intestinales presentes en el Nordeste, identificando los más prevalentes y las poblaciones de mayor riesgo. Metodología: el estudio fue descriptivo, utilizando una revisión bibliográfica integradora de 2012 a 2021, en las bases de datos electrónicas Scielo, BVS y Google Scholar. Para el proceso de búsqueda y análisis de los artículos, se utilizó el diagrama de flujo. Todos los datos de la encuesta fueron analizados en Microsoft Excel y, posteriormente, los resultados fueron transformados en gráficos y tablas para una mejor interpretación de la información recogida. Resultados: a partir del análisis de los 10 artículos, se observó una variación de 26,00% a 92,85% en la tasa de infecciones por parásitos intestinales en la región Nordeste, en diferentes poblaciones, desde preescolares, escolares y adultos. Los factores de riesgo que se asociaron al desarrollo fueron: falta de higiene personal y alimentaria, ausencia o precariedad de servicios de saneamiento básico, baja escolaridad e ingresos de los padres, calidad del agua de consumo y prácticas de caminar descalzo por parte de los niños. Consideraciones Finales: Los resultados apuntan a la necesidad de medidas preventivas y de tratamiento de los parásitos intestinales, como cambios en los hábitos de higiene y mejoras en las condiciones de vida, como el acceso a agua tratada y a un saneamiento básico adecuado. Además, es importante que aparezcan más estudios epidemiológicos que respalden medidas de control y prevención adecuadas y eficaces.
ABSTRACT
O Tocantins é um Estado endêmico para dengue devido aos elevados índices pluviométricos e do saneamento básico escasso. Esta pesquisa objetivou investigar o número de internações por dengue no Estado do Tocantins entre 2017 e 2022. O estudo consiste em um delineamento transversal retrospectivo quantitativo, realizado a partir de dados coletados no Tabnet/DataSUS. Os resultados encontrados foram compilados no programa Microsoft Excel®, e por meio de gráficos e tabelas, foram evidenciados 28.355 casos de dengue confirmados, dos quais apenas 1.798 (6%) necessitaram de hospitalizações, com maior incidência em 2019, tendo Palmas como município mais acometido. Conclui-se, portanto, que a dengue segue sendo uma doença prevalente no Estado, de modo a demandar atenção de gestores de saúde com vistas a reduzir os números altos de casos por meio de vigilância epidemiológica ativa como, também, fornecer o melhor cuidado para os pacientes diagnosticados com dengue, quer seja no âmbito ambulatorial quer no hospitalar.
Tocantins is an endemic state for dengue due to high rainfall rates and poor sanitation. This research aimed to investigate the number of dengue hospitalizations in the State of Tocantins between 2017 and 2022. The study consists of a retrospective quantitative cross-sectional design, performed from data collected in Tabnet/DataSUS. The results found were compiled in Microsoft Excel® program, and by means of graphs and tables, 28,355 confirmed dengue cases were evidenced, of which only 1,798 (6%) required hospitalizations, with a higher incidence in 2019, with Palmas as the most affected municipality. It is concluded, therefore, that dengue remains a prevalent disease in the state, so as to demand attention from health managers with a view to reducing the high numbers of cases through active epidemiological surveillance as well as providing the best care for patients diagnosed with dengue, whether in the outpatient or hospital setting.
Tocantins es un estado endémico para el dengue debido a las altas tasas de precipitación y al saneamiento deficiente. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo investigar el número de hospitalizaciones por dengue en el Estado de Tocantins entre 2017 y 2022. El estudio consiste en un diseño cuantitativo transversal retrospectivo, realizado a partir de datos recogidos en Tabnet/DataSUS. Los resultados encontrados fueron compilados en el programa Microsoft Excel®, y por medio de gráficos y tablas, se evidenciaron 28.355 casos confirmados de dengue, de los cuales sólo 1.798 (6%) requirieron hospitalizaciones, con mayor incidencia en 2019, siendo Palmas el municipio más afectado. Se concluye, por lo tanto, que el dengue continúa siendo una enfermedad prevalente en el estado, por lo que demanda la atención de los gestores de salud con miras a reducir las altas cifras de casos a través de la vigilancia epidemiológica activa, así como brindar la mejor atención a los pacientes diagnosticados con dengue, ya sea en el ámbito ambulatorio u hospitalario.
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Prevalence , Dengue/physiopathology , Dengue/prevention & controlABSTRACT
The use of animals for scientific research began in antiquity and has followed its historical course until the present day. Euthanasia has been a relevant topic in several sectors of science and teaching, it is defined as “good death”, the term is used for the cessation of an individual's life in the finitude of life. Experimental animals are often used in scientific studies, as they represent an important resource in scientific research, offering opportunities for new discoveries of treatments for various diseases, favoring both animals and humans, scientific research on animals is essential for the improvement of techniques for organ transplants and for the feasibility of using anesthetic drugs, but all the requirements of the federal constitution for the use of animals, the normal techniques for using them must be followed.
O uso de animais para pesquisa científica teve início na Antiguidade e seguiu seu curso histórico até os dias atuais. Eutanásia tem sido um tema relevante em vários setores da ciência e do ensino, é definida como “boa morte”, o termo é utilizado para a cessação da vida de um indivíduo na finitude da vida.Os animais de experimentação são freqüentemente utilizados em estudos científicos, por representar como um recurso importante em pesquisas cientificas oferecendo oportunidades de novas descobertas de tratamentos de várias doenças, favorecendo tanto os animais quanto os humanos , as pesquisas cientificas em animais são essenciais para o aperfeiçoamento de técnicas de transplantes de órgãos e para a viabilidade do uso de medicamentos anestésicos, porém deve ser seguido todas as exigências da constituição federal para uso de animais , as normais técnicas para utilização dos mesmos.
ABSTRACT
O trauma é responsável por significativos impactos na sociedade. De acordo com dados da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), mais de nove pessoas morrem por minuto, vítimas de trauma. Entre os principais tipos de trauma, o torácico representa na atualidade cerca de 25% dos mortos em politraumatizados, constituindo um problema complexo, tendo em vista os elevados índices de mortalidade e sequelas incapacitantes permanentes. Objetivo: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes atendidos em um hospital de urgências da região centro-oeste, vítimas de trauma torácico. Método: Estudo quantitativo, de caráter transversal e retrospectivo, realizado a partir de coleta de dados efetuada em prontuário eletrônico no período de março a maio de 2022. Resultados: Identificou-se 73 pacientes vítimas de trauma torácico, com maior acometimento de pessoas do sexo masculino, com idade entre 26 e 35 anos. Como causa mais frequente, se destacaram os acidentes motociclísticos, resultando principalmente em lesões do tipo hemopneumotórax. Conclusão: o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes vítimas de trauma torácico foi representado com maior frequência pelo sexo masculino, com idade entre 26 a 35 anos, causados predominantemente por acidentes motociclísticos, resultando na maioria das vezes em lesões do tipo hemopneumotórax
Trauma is responsible for significant impacts on society. According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), more than nine people die per minute victims of trauma. Among the main types of trauma, thoracic trauma currently represents about 25% of polytrauma deaths, constituting a complex problem, in view of the high rates of mortality and sequelae permanent disabling. Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile of patients treated at an emergency hospital in the Midwest region, victims of thoracic trauma. Method: Quantitative, cross-sectional and retrospective study carried out from data collection of electronic medical records in the period from March to May of 2022. Results: We identified 73 patients who were victims of chest trauma with higher affecting males aged between 26 and 35 years. As the most frequent cause motorcycle accidents stood out, resulting mainly in lesions of the hemopneumothorax type. Conclusion: the profile epidemiology of patients victims of thoracic trauma was represented with greater frequency by males, aged between 26 and 35 years, caused predominantly by motorcycle accidents, often resulting in hemopneumothorax lesions
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Thoracic Injuries/epidemiology , Inpatients/statistics & numerical data , Tomography , Emergency Service, HospitalABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivos Discutir a formação do profissional em saúde frente à transição epidemiológica. Método Trata-se de uma reflexão teórica realizada por meio de publicações entre o período de 1997 à 2015. Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados LILACS, BDENF, Index Psicologia, utilizando os descritores cadastrados no DeCS (Descritores em Ciências da Saúde) "Transição Epidemiológica" e "Rede de Assistência"; "Perfil Epidemiológico" e "Formação Profissional" com inter-relação do operador booleano and. Resultado A partir dos descritores selecionados encontrou-se 6 artigos, sendo 5 com os descritores "Transição Epidemiológica" e "Rede de assistência" e 1 "Perfil Epidemiológico" e "Formação profissional". Conclusão Os setores saúde e educação devem atuar de forma sinérgica buscando a formação profissional voltada para o atual cenário da saúde, garantindo assistência integral a população e promovendo o envelhecimento saudável.
ABSTRACT Objectives to discuss the professional training in health in the face of the epidemiological transition. Method It is a theoretical reflection carried out through publications between the periodo of 1997 to 2015. We searched the databases LILACS, BDENF, Index Psycho-logy, using descriptors registered in DeCS (Descriptors in Health Sciences) "Transition Epidemiological "and" "Assistance Network"; "Epidemiological Profile" and "Professional Training" with inter-relation of the Boolean operator and. Results 6 articles were selected from the selected descriptors, 5 with the descriptors "Epidemiological Transition" and "Assistance Network" and 1 "Epidemiological Profile" and "Professional Training". Conclusion The health and education sectors should act in a synergistic way see-king professional training focused on the current health scenario, guaranteeing integral assistance to the population and promoting healthy aging.
RESUMEN Objetivos Discutir la formación del profesional en salud frente a la transición epidemiológica. Método Se trata de una reflexión teórica realizada por medio de publicaciones en el período de 1997 al 2015. Se hicieron búsquedas en las bases de datos LILACS, BDENF, Index Psicología, utilizando los descriptores registrados en DeCS (Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud) "Transición Epidemiológica" y "Red de Asistencia"; "Perfil Epidemiológico" y "Formación Profesional", con interrelación del operador booleano and. Resultado A partir de los descriptores seleccionados se encontraron 6 artículos, 5 con los descriptores "Transición Epidemiológica" y "Red de asistencia" y uno con "Perfil Epidemiológico" y "Formación profesional". Conclusión Los sectores de la salud y la educación deben actuar de forma sinérgica, buscando la formación profesional orientada al actual escenario de la salud, a fin de garantizar una asistencia integral a la población y promover el envejecimiento saludable.
ABSTRACT
Background and objectives: COVID-19 is a life-threatening disease. Recognizing the main characteristics of the disease and its main complications will help future interventions, care, and management of health services since territorial and population diversities directly influence health outcomes. Our main objective is to describe the clinical characteristics, outcomes, and factors associated with mortality of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit of a public and tertiary hospital. Methods: Cohort study, conducted from March 1 to September 30, 2020. Poisson regression was performed to investigate the variables of hospital treatment as potential risk factors for in-hospital mortality. Results: Of the 283 eligible patients in this study, the hospital mortality rate was of 41.7% (n=118). The most common outcomes were acute respiratory distress syndrome, nosocomial infection, and septic shock. Factors independently associated with increased risk of death were age greater than 51 years old (RR=1.7, 95%CI=1.0-2.8), especially over 70 years old (RR=2.9, 95%CI=1.7-2.8), current smoker (RR=1.8, 95%CI=1.1-2.9), requiring the use of inotrope (RR=1.4, 95%CI=1.0-2.0), and presenting potassium greater than 5.0 mEq/l on admission (RR=1.3, 95%CI=1.0-1.7). Conclusion: Mortality was associated with older age, being a current smoker, inotrope use, and presenting potassium greater than 5.0 on hospital admission.(AU)
Justificativa e objetivos: A COVID-19 é uma doença ameaçadora à vida. Reconhecer as características da doença e suas principais complicações nesta população auxiliará em futuras intervenções, cuidados e gestão dos serviços de saúde, uma vez que a diversidade territorial e populacional influencia diretamente nos resultados de saúde. O objetivo principal do presente estudo é descrever as características clínicas, desfechos e fatores associados à mortalidade de pacientes com COVID-19 internados na unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital público e terciário. Métodos: Estudo de coorte, realizado de 1º de março a 30 de setembro de 2020. Foi realizada regressão de Poisson para investigar variáveis de apresentação hospitalar como potenciais fatores de risco para mortalidade intra-hospitalar. Resultados: Dos 283 pacientes elegíveis neste estudo, o dado de mortalidade hospitalar foi de 41,7% (n=118). Os desfechos mais comuns foram síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo, infecção hospitalar e choque séptico. Os fatores independentemente associados ao aumento do risco de morte foram idade superior a 51 anos (RR=1,7, IC 95%=1,0-2,8), principalmente acima de 70 anos (RR=2,9, IC 95%=1,7-2,8), tabagismo atual (RR=1,8, IC 95%=1,1-2,9), necessidade de inotrópico (RR=1,4, IC 95%=1,0-2,0) e potássio maior que 5,0 mEq/l (RR=1,3, IC 95%=1,0- 1.7) na admissão. Conclusão: A mortalidade esteve associada à idade avançada, tabagismo atual, uso de inotrópicos e potássio maior que 5,0 na admissão hospitalar.(AU)
Justificación y objetivos: La COVID-19 es una enfermedad potencialmente mortal. Reconocer las características de la enfermedad y sus principales complicaciones en esta población ayudará a futuras intervenciones, atención y gestión de los servicios de salud, ya que las diversidades territoriales y poblacionales influyen directamente en los resultados de salud. El objetivo principal de este estudio es describir las características clínicas, los resultados y los factores asociados a la mortalidad de los pacientes con COVID-19 ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos de un hospital público y de tercer nivel. Métodos: Estudio de cohorte, realizado del 1 de marzo al 30 de septiembre de 2020. Se realizó regresión de Poisson para investigar variables en la presentación hospitalaria como potenciales factores de riesgo para la mortalidad intrahospitalaria. Resultados: De los 283 pacientes elegibles en este estudio, el 41,7% (n=118) tuvo mortalidad hospitalaria. Los desenlaces más comunes fueron síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda, infección nosocomial y shock séptico. Los factores independientemente asociados a mayor riesgo de muerte fueron edad mayor de 51 años (RR=1,7, IC95%=1,0-2,8), especialmente mayores de 70 años (RR=2,9, IC95%=1,7-2,8), tabaquismo actual (RR=1,8, IC95%=1,1-2,9), necesidad de inotrópico (RR=1,4, IC95%=1,0-2,0) y potasio mayor que 5,0 mEq/l (RR=1,3, IC95%=1,0-1,7). Conclusión: La mortalidad estuvo asociada a la edad avanzada, tabaquismo actual, uso de inotrópico y potasio mayor a 5,0 en la admisión hospitalaria.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , COVID-19/complications , COVID-19/mortality , Health Profile , Risk Factors , Hospital Mortality , Intensive Care UnitsABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: to assess the epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and to investigate nursing care adequacy. Methods: a quantitative retrospective cohort study, applied in the ICU of a hospital in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul. It involved 100% of medical records of patients over 20 years of age, in the year 2019, who developed VAP. Results: a total of 3,215 patients were on invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and of these 13 developed VAP (2.47%). Most were men (76.92%), with a mean age of 60.3 years, whose main causes of hospitalization were heart problems (30.77%), multiple trauma (30.77%) and stroke (15.39%). The main pathogens found in tracheal aspirates were Acinetobacter sp. (15%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15%). The mean ICU stay was 30.61 days, and 61.53% died. For nursing care assessment, the mean checklist of the VAP bundle applied was calculated, according to the number of days in VMI. The result was 2.62 checklists per day, with the institution recommending four. Conclusion: the study made it possible to know the epidemiological profile of patients with VAP, in addition to observing the need for improvement in nursing care, considering that the checklist completion was below the recommended.(AU)
Justificativa e Objetivos: avaliar o perfil epidemiológico de pacientes diagnosticados com pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica (PAVM) em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) e investigar a adequação dos cuidados de enfermagem. Métodos: estudo quantitativo de coorte, retrospectivo, aplicado na UTI de um hospital do interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Envolveu 100% dos prontuários de pacientes com mais de 20 anos de idade, no ano de 2019, que desenvolveram PAVM. Resultados: estiveram em ventilação mecânica invasiva (VMI) 3.215 pacientes e, desses, 13 desenvolveram PAVM (2,47%). A maioria era homens (76,92%), com média de idade de 60,3 anos, cujas principais causas de internação foram problemas cardíacos (30,77%), politraumatismo (30,77%) e acidente vascular cerebral (15,39%). Os principais patógenos encontrados nos aspirados traqueais foram Acinetobacter sp (15%) e Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15%). A média de permanência na UTI foi de 30,61 dias, e foram a óbito 61,53%. Para avaliação dos cuidados de enfermagem, foi calculada a média de checklist do bundle de PAVM, aplicados, conforme a quantidade de dias em VMI. O resultado foi de 2,62 checklists por dia, sendo que a instituição preconiza quatro. Conclusão: o estudo permitiu conhecer o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes com PAVM, além de observar a necessidade de melhora nos cuidados de enfermagem, considerando que a realização do checklist ficou abaixo do recomendado.(AU)
Justificación y Objetivos: evaluar el perfil epidemiológico de pacientes con diagnóstico de neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica (NAVM) en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) e investigar la adecuación de los cuidados de enfermería. Métodos: estudio de cohorte cuantitativo, retrospectivo, aplicado en el UCI de un hospital del interior de Rio Grande do Sul. Involucró el 100% de las historias clínicas de pacientes mayores de 20 años, en el año 2019, que desarrollaron NAVM. Resultados: un total de 3.215 pacientes estaban en ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI), y, de estos, 13 desarrollaron NAVM (2,47%). La mayoría eran hombres (76,92%), con una edad media de 60,3 años, cuyas principales causas de hospitalización fueron problemas cardíacos (30,77%), politraumatismos (30,77%) y accidentes cerebrovasculares (15,39%). Los principales patógenos encontrados en los aspirados traqueales fueron Acinetobacter sp (15%) y Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15%). La estancia media en UCI fue de 30,61 días, y falleció el 61,53%. Para la evaluación de la atención de enfermería, se calculó el checklist promedio del bundle VAP aplicado, de acuerdo con el número de días en VMI. El resultado fue de 2,62 checklists por día, y la institución recomendó cuatro. Conclusión: el estudio posibilitó conocer el perfil epidemiológico de los pacientes con NAVM, además de observar la necesidad de mejoría en la atención de enfermería, considerando que el llenado del checklist estuvo por debajo de lo recomendado.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Health Profile , Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/epidemiology , Nursing Care , Cohort Studies , Checklist , Intensive Care UnitsABSTRACT
Background: Varicose veins have become more common over recent years and in the most serious cases surgical treatment is necessary to resolve patients' clinical status. Despite their importance, there are no epidemiological studies that cover the whole of Brazil, showing how surgery to correct varicose veins conducted by the Unified Health System (SUS) is distributed in the country. Objectives: To describe the ecological profile of surgical treatment to correct varicose veins in Brazil from 2010 to 2020. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study of data obtained from the SUS Hospital Information System. These data were tabulated and categorized by state, region, type of procedure, and year. BioEstat 5.3 was used to conduct chi-square statistical tests with a 95% confidence interval and significance cutoff of p <0.05. Results: From 2010 to 2020, 755,752 surgical operations to treat varicose veins were conducted; 292,538 were unilateral (38.71%) and 463,214 (61.29%) were bilateral. Of these, 418,791 (55.41%) procedures were performed in the Southeast region, followed by 180,689 (23.91%) in the South region. A total of 40 deaths were registered in connection with these procedures during the period, 26 of which (65%) were associated with bilateral surgery and the majority of which occurred in the Southeast (24 deaths). Conclusions: It was observed that the majority of procedures are performed in the Southeast and South regions, and that bilateral elective surgery is the most prevalent.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Changes in the profiles of patients have significant impacts on the health care system. Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) prevention and management should be studied in different contexts. OBJECTIVE: The Study of Health in Primary Care for the Amazonas Population (SAPPA) primarily aims to describe T2DM prevention and management actions offered by primary health care settings in Brazil and whether the care delivered is consistent with the chronic care model (CCM). Second, the study aims to examine the impact of T2DM management actions on health and lifestyle, and third, to understand how sociodemographic characteristics, health, and subjective outcomes impact diabetes management. METHODS: As part of this observational study, managers and health professionals complete a questionnaire containing information about T2DM prevention and management actions and CCM dimensions. During in-home visits, patients are asked about their health, lifestyle, sociodemographics, diabetes care, and subjective variables. RESULTS: A total of 34 managers, 1560 professional health workers, and 955 patients will be recruited. The data collection will be completed in October 2022. CONCLUSIONS: The SAPPA is an observational study that intends to understand the T2DM management process in primary health care, including planning, execution, reach, and impact on patient motivation and adherence. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/37572.