ABSTRACT
El síndrome de Opsoclonus mioclonus ataxia (SOMA) es una entidad infrecuente en niños, caracterizada por Opsoclonus, mioclonías / ataxia y alteraciones de conducta o de sueño. En la actualidad representa una gran morbilidad dada su naturaleza paraneoplásica y autoinmune; destaca su asociación frecuente con tumores neuroblásticos y su tendencia hacia la cronicidad, recaídas y secuelas en el neurodesarrollo. Se revisa el caso de lactante de 13 meses, uno de los casos reportados a más temprana edad en Colombia, cuyo motivo de consulta fue irritabilidad, temblor distal, opsoclonía, con pruebas negativas para neuroinfección. Posteriormente a estudios se describieron dos masas en ápice torácico izquierdo, una de ellas entre carótida interna y yugular externa. La masa más grande fue de manejo quirúrgico; la patología reportó ganglioneuroblastoma de patrón nodular. No se logró resección quirúrgica completa y tuvo recaída de síntomas; como complicación posquirúrgica se presentó síndrome de Horner incompleto. Al tener difícil acceso quirúrgico se optó por manejo con poliquimioterapia protocolo de riesgo intermedio del COG (Children Oncology Group), que recibió por un año con resolución completa del cuadro clínico. Se presenta el caso de lactante con SOMA de difícil manejo, en el cual el abordaje quirúrgico falló y se requirió terapia complementaria. La quimioterapia se convierte en una opción de manejo cuando la resección quirúrgica no sea completa.
SUMMARY The opsoclonus myoclonus ataxia syndrome (OMA) is an infrequent entity in children, characterized opsoclonus, myoclonus/ataxia, sleep pattern or behavioral alterations. It represents great morbidity given its paraneoplastic and autoimmune nature; it is frequently associated with neuroblastic tumors and its tendency towards chronicity, relapses and neurodevelopmental sequels. We examine the case of a previously healthy thirteen months toddler, one of the earliest age reported cases in Colombia, who consulted for irritability, distal tremor, opsoclonus, and had negative neuroinfection tests. It was reported, after additional studies, the presence of 2 masses in the left pulmonary apex; one of them between the internal carotid artery and the external jugular vein. The bigger mass was surgically removed; pathology reported a ganglioneuroblastoma with nodular pattern. It was not possible to make full surgical resection and the patient experienced a relapse; as a postsurgical complication the patient had transient incomplete Horner syndrome. Due to difficult surgical access, chemotherapy was used for a whole year following the intermediate risk protocol developed by the COG (Children Oncology Group) with full resolution of the symptoms. We present the case of a toddler with difficult surgical approach where the surgical treatment failed, and complementary chemotherapy was needed. Chemotherapy turns into a therapeuthic option when surgical resection is not complete.
Subject(s)
Ganglioneuroblastoma , Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome , Infant , Paraneoplastic SyndromesABSTRACT
Presentamos el caso de un niño de 9 años de edad, en quien como hallazgo incidental en una radiografía de tórax se observa una calcificación en el hipocondrio izquierdo sugestiva de masa. Se amplía el estudio mediante ecografía y resonancia magnética (RM) abdominal para mejor caracterización: se visualiza una masa suprarrenal izquierda, predominantemente quística, con un nódulo sólido. Finalmente, se le practica una resección quirúrgica, en la cual se llega al diagnóstico de ganglioneuroblastoma nodular quístico, tras el análisis histopatológico. El ganglioneuroblastoma quístico es un tumor poco frecuente, originado en las células ganglionares del sistema nervioso simpático. El sitio de origen más frecuente son las glándulas suprarrenales. A pesar de que el diagnóstico definitivo se suele realizar tras la resección quirúrgica del tumor, con la ecografía y la RM se debe incluir entre los diagnósticos diferenciales de incidentalomas suprarrenales en un niño o un paciente joven. Los hallazgos en tomografía computarizada son variables.
We present the case of a child patient aged 9 years, in whom, as an incidental finding in chest X-rays, a calcified lesion was observed in the left hypochondrium. The study is extended by ultrasound and then MRI was performed to better characterize it. These showed a left adrenal, predominantly cystic mass with a solid nodule. The surgical team decided to perform resection of the mass and submit it for histopathological examination. A definitive diagnosis of cystic nodular ganglioneuroblastoma was made. Ganglioneuroblastoma is a rare tumour, originating in ganglion cells of the sympathetic nervous system. The site of more frequent origin is in the adrenal glands. Although the majority are diagnosed based on the postoperative histological analysis, with ultrasound and MRI we should include it among the differentials diagnoses of adrenal incidentalomas in a child or young patient. The findings on CT are variables.
Subject(s)
Ganglioneuroblastoma , Child , Adrenal GlandsABSTRACT
Pheochromocytoma and Ganglioneuroblastoma are separate diseases and a rare combination in which the diagnosis can only be confirmed by pathological examination after tumor excision. We reported here a case of ganglioneuroblastoma encapsulated in pheochromocytoma. The patient is a woman, 73 years old, hypertensive, with hypothyroidism, associated for 15 years with hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, which had frequent complaints of low back pain. She underwent magnetic resonance and the findings were consistent with the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. After surgery, anatomic, pathologic and immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma composed by small ganglioneuroblastoma representation with the identification of small focus of infiltration of the adrenal capsule and adipose tissue by pheochromocytoma. This rare association can instigate the discussion of methods of diagnosis, more effective and more appropriate treatments for each patient.
Subject(s)
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/pathology , Ganglioneuroblastoma/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology , Pheochromocytoma/pathology , Rare Diseases , 3-Iodobenzylguanidine , Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Adrenal Glands/diagnostic imaging , Adrenal Glands/pathology , Aged , Catecholamines/urine , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Ganglioneuroblastoma/diagnostic imaging , Ganglioneuroblastoma/surgery , Humans , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Pheochromocytoma/diagnostic imaging , Radionuclide ImagingABSTRACT
Se presentó un caso raro de ganglioneuroblastoma sacro en un paciente de 32 años de edad, con evolución tórpida. Se presentan datos clínicos, estudios imaginológicos e histológicos. Se realiza revisión del tema(AU)
This is a uncommon case of sacral ganglioneuroblastoma in a patient aged 32 with a torpid evolution. Clinical data, imaging and histological studies are showed. A review of this subject is carried out(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Ganglioneuroblastoma/pathology , Abdominal Neoplasms , Sacrum/physiopathology , Neuroblastoma/surgery , Tomography/methodsABSTRACT
Se presentó un caso raro de ganglioneuroblastoma sacro en un paciente de 32 años de edad, con evolución tórpida. Se presentan datos clínicos, estudios imaginológicos e histológicos. Se realiza revisión del tema
This is a uncommon case of sacral ganglioneuroblastoma in a patient aged 32 with a torpid evolution. Clinical data, imaging and histological studies are showed. A review of this subject is carried out