ABSTRACT
Background: Various international guidelines and recommendations are available for management of diabetic foot infections. We present a review of the guidelines and recommendations for management of these infections. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted through MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, LILACS, DARE, and national health bodies. Based on the review of fifteen documents, we present details on the importance of suspecting and diagnosing skin, superficial infections, and bone infections in diabetics. Results: The guidelines recommend classifying the infections based on severity to guide the treatment. While antibiotics have shown the best results, other treatments like hyperbaric oxygen therapy and negative wound pressure have been debated. It is suggested that a team of specialists should be in-charge of managing the infected wounds. Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) 2012 guidelines are widely followed world-over. All guidelines and reviews have consistent suggestions on the assessment of the severity of infection, diagnosis, start, selection, and duration of antibiotic therapy. Conclusions: It is reasonable to conclude that the IDSA 2012 guidelines are commonly followed across the world. There is a consensus among the Australian guidelines, Canadian guidelines, IDSA 2012, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) 2015, and International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) 2016 guidelines on the management of infected wounds for patients with diabetes mellitus.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Infections , Diabetic Foot , Humans , Wound HealingABSTRACT
Background: Ethacridine lactate (Rivanol) has been used as an antibacterial drug in the treatment of infected wounds formany years. Although Manuka honey has been used in the treatment of burns, ulcers and infected wounds in human medicine for many years, its use in veterinary medicine is new. Manuka honey has been found to provide rapid cicatrizationand lower chronic pain levels, to prevent bad odor, and has antibacterial properties. The aim of this study was to comparethe effects of Etacridine lactate and Manuka honey in the treatment of infected wounds in cats.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, 32 cats, with infected wounds in different areas on their body, were used.Cats were divided into two groups. The Rivanol group (n = 16) consisted of 6 female and 10 male cats aged 4 ± 3 yearsfrom different breeds and in several weights. Manuka group (n = 16) consisted of 7 male and 9 female cats of differentbreeds and weight and aged 4 ± 2 years. Rivanol was applied to the first group and Manuka honey (Manuka Nd, G) wasapplied to the second group. First measurements were recorded after the surgical debridement of the wound area. Fourmeasurements were made every 3 days. The size (length - width) of the wounds was measured and recorded. ParenteralMarbofloxacin was administered orally in all cases. In order to prevent the contact of the cases with the dressing, the collar was worn. In the Rivanol group, when the first measurement values (length: 4.29 ± 2.78 cm, width: 2.13 ± 0.58 cm)and the 4th measurement values (length: 2.21 ± 1.37 cm, width: 1.06 ± 0.41 cm) were compared, there was a decrease inthe wound size. In the Manuka group, when the first measurement values (length 2.84 ± 1.51 cm, width: 2.01 ± 1.03cm)and the 4th measurement values (length: 1.42 ± 1.10 cm, width: 0.90 ± 0.72cm) were compared, the wound sizes werediminished as in the Rivanol group. In all measurement...
Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Ethacridine/therapeutic use , Wound Infection/therapy , Wound Infection/veterinary , Leptospermum/chemistry , Honey , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Wound Healing , LactatesABSTRACT
Background: Ethacridine lactate (Rivanol) has been used as an antibacterial drug in the treatment of infected wounds formany years. Although Manuka honey has been used in the treatment of burns, ulcers and infected wounds in human medicine for many years, its use in veterinary medicine is new. Manuka honey has been found to provide rapid cicatrizationand lower chronic pain levels, to prevent bad odor, and has antibacterial properties. The aim of this study was to comparethe effects of Etacridine lactate and Manuka honey in the treatment of infected wounds in cats.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, 32 cats, with infected wounds in different areas on their body, were used.Cats were divided into two groups. The Rivanol group (n = 16) consisted of 6 female and 10 male cats aged 4 ± 3 yearsfrom different breeds and in several weights. Manuka group (n = 16) consisted of 7 male and 9 female cats of differentbreeds and weight and aged 4 ± 2 years. Rivanol was applied to the first group and Manuka honey (Manuka Nd, G) wasapplied to the second group. First measurements were recorded after the surgical debridement of the wound area. Fourmeasurements were made every 3 days. The size (length - width) of the wounds was measured and recorded. ParenteralMarbofloxacin was administered orally in all cases. In order to prevent the contact of the cases with the dressing, the collar was worn. In the Rivanol group, when the first measurement values (length: 4.29 ± 2.78 cm, width: 2.13 ± 0.58 cm)and the 4th measurement values (length: 2.21 ± 1.37 cm, width: 1.06 ± 0.41 cm) were compared, there was a decrease inthe wound size. In the Manuka group, when the first measurement values (length 2.84 ± 1.51 cm, width: 2.01 ± 1.03cm)and the 4th measurement values (length: 1.42 ± 1.10 cm, width: 0.90 ± 0.72cm) were compared, the wound sizes werediminished as in the Rivanol group. In all measurement...(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Leptospermum/chemistry , Honey , Wound Infection/therapy , Wound Infection/veterinary , Ethacridine/therapeutic use , Wound Healing , Anti-Bacterial Agents , LactatesABSTRACT
Objetivo: Elaborar protocolo para atender as pacientes portadoras de abscesso de parede pós-cesarianas no setor de Alojamento Conjunto do Hospital Regional da Asa Sul DF a partir do perfil da clientela e da avaliação da assistência de enfermagem prestada a essas pacientes. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório de abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa. Para elaboração do protocolo foi realizado a aplicação de questionário semiestruturado e roteiro de observação de campo. Em seguida definiram-se as normas terapêuticas e normas de atendimento, baseadas em evidências científicas. Resultados: Foram entrevistadas 14 pacientes com diagnóstico de abscesso de parede associado à cesariana. A idade variou de 15 a 38 anos; 50 por cento são solteiras; 36 por cento não concluíram o ensino médio; e 64 por cento apresentam uma renda per capta de 1 3 salários mínimos. Entre as mulheres com infecção de parede obteve-se a predominância das primigestas (64 por cento). A média de consultas de pré-natal frequentadas pelas entrevistas foi de 6.64. Com relação aos antecedentes pessoais/obstétricos observou-se o relato de 2 casos de anemia, 2 casos de hipertensão arterial crônica, 1 caso de infecção puerperal em cesárea anterior, 1 caso de tabagismo e 1 caso de sequela de paralisia. A equipe médica e de enfermagem possuem conhecimento técnico científico acerca do cuidado deste grupo de pacientes, porém não existe uma sistematização do cuidado por meio de protocolo e tampouco trabalho multiprofissional. Conclusão: Foi desenvolvido um protocolo para atender as pacientes portadoras de abscesso de parede pós-cesarianas no Setor de Alojamento Conjunto que poderá ser aplicado e testado futuramente.
Objetives: To develop protocol to meet the patients with abscess wall after cesarean section in the sector Rooming Hospital Regional da Asa Sul - DF from the client profile and evaluation of nursing care to these patients. Methods: This is an exploratory study of qualitative and quantitative approach. To develop this protocol was used to apply a semi-structured script and field observation. Then outlined the therapeutic norms and standards of care based on scientific evidence. Results: We interviewed 14 patients with a diagnosis of abscess wall associated with cesarean section. The age ranged from 15 to 38 years, 50 percent are single, 36 percent not completed high school, and 64 percent have an income per capita from 1 to 3 minimum wages. Among the infected women of wall obtained the prevalence of pregnancy (64 percent). The average prenatal care attended the interviews was 6.64. Regarding the personal background / obstetric there was a report of 2 cases of anemia, 2 cases of chronic hypertension, 1 case of puerperal infection in previous cesarean section, 1 case of smoking and 1 case of sequelae of paralysis. The medical and nursing staff have scientific expertise regarding the care of this group of patients, but no systematic care through a protocol nor a multidisciplinary approach. Conclusion: We developed a protocol to meet the patients with abscess wall after cesarean section in the Department of Rooming that can be applied and tested in the future.