Lócus de controle materno, saúde bucal positiva e Hipomineralização Molar-Incisivo (HMI): uma investigação transversal / Maternal locus of control, positive oral health, and Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH): a cross-sectional investigation

A Hipomineralização Molar-Incisivo (HMI) é uma alteração do esmalte dental de origem multifatorial que afeta um ou mais primeiros molares permanentes, podendo estar associada a incisivos permanentes. A condição gera inúmeras consequências para os indivíduos, como sensibilidade, risco aumentado para lesões de cárie e fraturas, além de problemas estéticos. Investigar percepções acerca dessa condição, especialmente a percepção materna, é de suma importância, haja vista que tal construto é um dos fatores decisivos quanto ao cuidado em saúde bucal. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar e comparar o Lócus de Controle (LoC) e a saúde bucal positiva de mães de crianças com e sem HMI. Foi realizado um estudo transversal comparativo com 111 crianças com e sem HMI de 6 a 12 anos atendidas pelas diferentes disciplinas clínicas do Departamento de Saúde Bucal da Criança e do Adolescente (SCA) da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (FAO-UFMG) e suas mães que responderam aos questionários socioeconômico, história médica, o instrumento Brazilian - Positive Oral Health and Well-Being (B-POHW) e o LoC. Ainda, as crianças foram avaliadas clinicamente por uma pesquisadora previamente calibrada para cárie dentária e HMI. As variáveis foram analisadas de forma descritiva, incluindo valores absolutos e frequências. Testes inferenciais de associação e análises bivariadas foram utilizados (Qui-Quadrado de Pearson, Qui-Quadrado de Tendência Linear e Mann- Whitney) para investigar a relação entre as variáveis de exposição e os desfechos investigados. Análises não ajustada e ajustadas foram realizadas por meio de Regressão de Poisson (medida de associação Razão de Prevalência). As variáveis independentes que apresentaram p < 0,25 no modelo bruto foram inseridos no modelo ajustado. O valor de significância adotado foi de 5% e o intervalo de confiança de 95% e foi utilizado o programa Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) (25.0). Conclui-se que o LoC predominante das mães das crianças com HMI foi o LoC interno, assim como uma autopercepção menos positiva em relação a sua própria saúde bucal, quando comparada às mães das crianças sem HMI. A análise multivariada mostrou ainda que primeiros molares permanentes com cárie dentária e mães com saúde bucal menos positiva tem maiores probabilidades de apresentarem crianças com HMI.

Hypomineralization of Molar-Incisor (MIH) is a multifactorial enamel alteration affecting one or more first permanent molars, possibly associated with permanent incisors. This condition generates numerous consequences for individuals, such as sensitivity, increased risk for caries and fractures, as well as aesthetic problems. Investigating perceptions about this condition, especially maternal perception, is of paramount importance, considering that such a construct is one of the decisive factors regarding oral health care. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate and compare the Locus of Control (LoC) and positive oral health of mothers of children with and without HMI. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted with 111 children with and without HMI aged 6 to 12 years attended by different clinical of the Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health (SCA) of the School of Dentistry at the Federal University of Minas Gerais (FAO-UFMG), and their mothers who answered socioeconomic, medical history, Brazilian - Positive Oral Health and Well-Being (B-POHW) instrument, and Locus of Control (LoC) questionnaires. Additionally, the children were clinically evaluated by a previously calibrated researcher for dental caries and HMI. Variables were analyzed descriptively, including absolute values and frequencies. Inferential tests of association and bivariate analyses were used (Pearson's Chi-Square, Linear Trend Chi-Square, and Mann-Whitney) to investigate the relationship between exposure variables and the investigated outcomes. Unadjusted and adjusted analyses were performed using Poisson Regression (Prevalence Ratio measure of association). Independent variables with p < 0.25 in the crude model were inserted into the adjusted model. The significance level adopted was 5%, with a 95% confidence interval, and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program (25.0) was used. It was concluded that the predominant locus of control of mothers of children with HMI was internal locus of control, as well as a less positive self-perception regarding their own oral health, compared to mothers of children without HMI. The multivariate analysis also showed that first permanent molars with dental caries and mothers with oral health are more likely to have children with Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization.

May the force be with you during the quarantine: a cross-sectional study on the perception of health locus of control, sports engagement and emotional eating of individuals who exercised regularly / Que a força esteja com você durante a quarentena: um estudo transversal sobre a percepção do locus de controle da saúde, engajamento esportivo e alimentação emocional de indivíduos que se exercitam regularmente

ABSTRACT Objective This study evaluated the perception of health locus of control, sports engagement, and emotional eating during quarantine of individuals who regularly exercised before the quarantine. Methods Individuals who regularly attended the gym before the quarantine period were enrolled in the study. The questionnaire included the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale-A, Sport Engagement Scale, and Emotional Eating Scale, which was applied online to 513 gym members. Results 74.9% of participants adopted the perception of internal health locus of control. Emotional eating scores were higher in participants who did not exercise during the quarantine when compared to those who did and in those adopting the perception of chance health locus of control compared to participants adopting the perception of internal health locus of control. Participants who adopted the perception of internal health locus of control compared to the those who adopted the perception of chance or powerful others health locus of control had higher sports engagement (p<0.05). Individuals with a high BMI, who did not have a perception of internal health locus of control and who did not exercise during the quarantine were prone to emotional eating. Conclusion In conclusion, in those individuals who regularly went to gym before the quarantine, continuing to exercise during the quarantine may have provided an advantage in preventing emotional eating, and we also showed that sports engagement supported the continuation of exercise during the quarantine period. In addition, we determined that individuals with a high body mass index, who do not have a perception of internal health locus of control and who did not exercise during the quarantine were prone to emotional eating.

RESUMO Objetivo Este estudo avaliou a percepção do locus de controle da saúde, entre o envolvimento em esportes e comer emocional durante a quarentena de indivíduos que se exercitavam regularmente antes do período de isolamento. Métodos Indivíduos que frequentavam regularmente a academia antes do período de quarentena foram incluídos no estudo. O questionário incluiu: a Escala Multidimensional de Locus de Controle da Saúde, Escala de Envolvimento em Esportes e Escala de Comer Emocional. Esse estudo foi aplicado online a 513 membros da academia Resultados 74,9% dos participantes que adotaram a percepção locus de controle da saúde interno. As pontuações do comer emocional foram mais altas em participantes que não se exercitaram durante a quarentena, em comparação com aqueles que fizeram, e aqueles que adotaram a percepção de locus de controle da saúde de chance, em comparação com participantes que adotaram a percepção de locus de controle da saúde interno. Participantes que adotaram a percepção de locus de controle da saúde interno tiveram um maior envolvimento em esportes em comparação com aqueles que adotaram a percepção de locus de controle da saúde de chance ou de poder de outros (p<0,05). Indivíduos com um alto IMC, que não tinham a percepção de locus de controle da saúde interna e que não se exercitaram durante a quarentena estavam mais propensos à comer emocional. Conclusão Em conclusão, naqueles indivíduos que frequentavam regularmente a academia antes da quarentena, continuar se exercitando durante a quarentena pode ter fornecido uma vantagem em termos de prevenção da Escala Comer Emocional, e também mostramos que o engajamento esportivo apoiou a continuação do exercício durante o período de quarentena. Além disso, determinamos que indivíduos com alto índice de massa corporal, que não têm percepção do locus de controle interno da saúde e que não se exercitam durante a quarentena eram propensos a Escala Comer Emocional.

Is the locus of control a predictor and/or mediator of emotional dysregulation and psychopathological symptoms?

Locus of control has been highlighted as a variable related to mental health and well-being, as well as being indicated as a predictor for psychopathologies such as depression and anxiety. To verify these relationships, the aim of this study was to present two path analysis models related to the associations between locus of control, depression, anxiety, and emotional dysregulation. A sample of 327 participants (M age = 38.3 years, SD = 12.8), of both genders (Fem. = 75.2%), completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Locus of Control Scale (ELOCUS), the Baptista Depression Scale (EBADEP-A), the Emotional Dysregulation Scale (EDEA), and the Cognitive Anxiety Scale (ECOGA). Spearman correlations and path analyses were performed for the two proposed models. In the first model, the locus of control was a predictor of emotional dysregulation, symptoms of depression and anxiety. In the second model, the locus of control mediated the relationship between factors of emotional dysregulation (seeking strategies and pessimism) in relation to depression and anxiety. It was concluded that the locus of control is an important construct in the direct or indirect prediction of psychopathological symptoms.

El locus de control se ha señalado como una variable relacionada con la salud mental y el bienestar, además de estar indicado como un predictor de psicopatologías como la depresión y la ansiedad. Para verificar estas relaciones, el objetivo de este estudio fue presentar dos modelos de path analysis relacionados con las asociaciones entre locus de control, depresión, ansiedad y desregulación emocional. Una muestra de 327 participantes (M= 38.3 años, DE= 12.8), de ambos sexos (Fem. = 75.2 %), respondió un cuestionario sociodemográfico, la Escala de Locus de Control (ELOCUS), la Escala Baptista de Depresión (EBADEP-A), la Escala de Desregulación Emocional (EDEA) y la Escala de Ansiedad Cognitiva (ECOGA). Se realizaron correlaciones de Spearman y path analyses para los modelos propuestos. En el primer modelo, el locus de control fue un predictor de desregulación emocional, síntomas de depresión y ansiedad. En el segundo modelo, el locus de control medió la relación entre factores de desregulación emocional (búsqueda de estrategias y pesimismo) en relación con la depresión y la ansiedad. Se concluye que el locus de control es un constructo importante en la predicción directa o indirecta de síntomas psicopatológicos.

O locus de controle tem sido apontado como uma variável relacionada a saúde mental e bem-estar, além de ser indicado como um preditor para psicopatologias como depressão e ansiedade. No intuito de verificar essas relações, o objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar dois modelos de path analysis relacionados às associações entre locus de controle, depressão, ansiedade e desregulação emocional. Uma amostra de 327 participantes (M = 38,3 anos, DP = 12,8), ambos os sexos (Fem. = 75,2%), responderam um questionário sociodemográfico, a Escala de Locus de Controle (ELOCUS), a Escala Baptista de Depressão (EBADEP-A), a Escala de Desregulação Emocional (EDEA) e a Escala Cognitiva de Ansiedade (ECOGA). Foram realizadas correlações de Spearman, além de path analyses dos modelos propostos. No primeiro modelo, o locus de controle foi preditor da desregulação emocional, sintomatologia de depressão e ansiedade. Já, no segundo modelo, o locus de controle mediou a relação entre fatores da desregulação emocional (busca por estratégias e pessimismo) em relação a depressão e ansiedade. Conclui-se que o locus de controle é um construto importante na predição direta ou indireta de sintomas psicopatológicos.

Locus of control, personality and depression symptoms in cancer: Testing a moderated mediation model.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mediator role of locus of control on the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and the manifestation of depression symptoms in cancer outpatients. METHOD: Participants consisted of 220 cancer outpatients (138 women and 82 men), evaluated individually at the hospital waiting room. The measures applied were as follows: The NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) Scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). RESULTS: The factor structure of NEO-FFI was reexamined. A moderated mediation model was found for the powerful others external locus of control (LOC), depression symptoms and extraversion and conscientiousness traits across sex. CONCLUSIONS: Extraverted individuals can seek for others' support and use their attachments to find someone to guide them; conscientious patients can rely on their physician and follow every rule and orientation demanded, temporarily delegating to others the responsibility for their lives. All these strategies can help to decrease symptoms of depression. The perception of control can be taught, and it may be specifically relevant for mental health and in the performance of health behaviours.

Model of Psychological Empowerment Based on Structural Equations for Predicting Autonomy / Modelo de empoderamiento psicológico basado en ecuaciones estructurales para predecir la autonomía

Abstract The study relies on the assumption that one of the main effects of phycological empowerment composed by attributes like self-esteem, locus of control, and assertiveness, is increased autonomy. The theoretical arguments are tested based on a structural equation model that allows estimating hypothetical relationships simultaneously. Additionally, differences in means between women and men are estimated for each phycological variable and the hypothetical model is tested separately to both sexes. 1,569 people (56% women) from five Mexican States compose the sample. The average age is 29 years and 59% of the sample has college degrees. The results suggest that psychological empowerment is strongly related to autonomy.

Resumen Este trabajo parte del supuesto de que uno de los principales efectos del empoderamiento psicológico es el incremento de la autonomía, y que atributos como la autoestima, el locus de control y la asertividad lo constituyen. Con base en ello, se probaron ambos planteamientos teóricos a través de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, ya que la técnica permite estimar relaciones hipotéticas simultáneamente. Asimismo, se estimaron las diferencias en las medias de cada una de las variables psicológicas entre mujeres y hombres y se probó el mismo modelo hipotético de forma separada para cada sexo. La muestra la conforman 1,569 personas (56% son mujeres) de cinco entidades federativas de México, la edad promedio es de 29 años y el 59% cuentan con estudios universitarios. Los resultados sugieren que el empoderamiento psicológico tiene una fuerte relación con la autonomía.

Transactional processes between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms from middle childhood to early adolescence: Locus of control as a mediator.

BACKGROUND: Previous research has identified a significant, positive relation between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms. However, the findings required replication at the within-person level. Moreover, the mediating mechanism of locus of control accounting for their relations has yet to be fully evaluated. Thus, this study examined the dynamic longitudinal relations between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms including whether locus of control functioned as a mediator between them after separating between-person effects from within-person effects. METHODS: A sample of 4110 Chinese children (50.60% boys; Mage = 9.89 at Wave 1) covering the transitional period from middle childhood to early adolescence completed a package of self-report measures on 5 occasions across 2.5 years, using 6-month intervals. Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models were applied to disaggregate between- and within-person effects. Also, alternative Cross-Lagged Panel Models were applied. RESULTS: Locus of control played a mediating role in the reciprocal relations between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms at the within-person level. LIMITATIONS: Some limitations existed in the measures. Moreover, sexual abuse was not investigated in this study. CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlighted the mediating role of locus of control in the reciprocal relations between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms at the within-person level, suggesting that interventions targeted at promoting internal locus of control may help prevent the developmental pathway from childhood maltreatment to depressive symptoms and vice versa from middle childhood to early adolescence.

Evidências de validade da escala de locus de controle da preservação e conservação ambiental / Evidence of validity of the locus scale for environmental preservation and conservation control

A questão ambiental é um campo de grande importância na atualidade, principalmente no que tange aos estudos sobre valores pró-ambientais. Uma interação normalmente investigada consiste na relação entre conexão com a natureza e locus de controle, especialmente considerando a crença por parte do indivíduo de que suas ações sejam importantes para a conservação do meio ambiente. Participaram do estudo 898 estudantes universitários, sendo 452 (49,8%) homens, 456 (50,2%) mulheres de idade média, de 28,87 (DP=8,90) anos, do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Para fins de validade interna, foram empregados procedimentos de análise fatorial. A escala foi analisada também junto à medida de conexão com a natureza, para oferecer uma evidência inicial de validade concorrente. Conexão com a natureza foi mensurada por meio da escala proposta por Mayer e Frantz (2004). A Escala de Locus de Controle da Preservação Ambiental foi desenvolvida neste estudo. Considerando os resultados obtidos, é possível afirmar uma qualidade satisfatória da medida desenvolvida.

The environmental issue is a field of great importance today, especially with regard to studies on pro-environmental values. A commonly investigated interaction is the relationship between connection with nature and locus of control, especially considering the individuals' beliefs that their actions are important for the conservation of the environment. The study included 898 university students, which 452 (49.8%) were men, 456 (50.2%) were women of average age, of 28.87 (SD = 8.90) years old, from the state of Rio de Janeiro. For purposes of internal validity, factor analysis procedures were used. The scale was also analyzed together with the measure of connection with nature, to offer initial evidence of concurrent validity. Connection with nature was measured using the scale proposed by Mayer and Frantz (2004). The Locus Scale for Environmental Preservation Control was developed in this study. Considering the results obtained, it is possible to affirm a satisfactory quality of the measure developed.

Locus of Control, Self-Control, and Gender as Predictors of Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Children and Adolescents in Northern Chile.

BACKGROUND: Both the control that people attribute to themselves over a situation (locus of control) and the control they attribute to themselves (self-control) have been proposed as aspects that can have an effect on internalizing problems in young people. There is little evidence of this relationship in the infantile-juvenile population in Latin America. OBJECTIVE: To establish whether there is a significant predictive relationship of locus of control and self-control over internalizing and externalizing problems in the infantile-juvenile population, both at a general level and dimension-specific. These include depression, anxiety, social anxiety, somatic complaints, and post-traumatic stress. METHODS: A cross-sectional-correlational study was carried out to establish if there was a possible predictive relationship in 3,664 schoolchildren of both primary (4th-6th grade) and secondary (7th-12th grade) in northern Chile, using the short version of the Nowicki-Strickland scale to measure locus of control, the Tangney scale to measure self-control, and the Child and Adolescent Evaluation System (SENA) to measure the dimensions of internalized problems. HYPOTHESES: (1) Greater self-control is associated with lower levels of internalizing and externalizing problems. (2) Higher external locus of control is associated with higher levels of internalizing and externalizing problems. (3) Self-control, locus of control, and gender can together significantly predict each of the internalizing and externalizing problems. RESULTS: Evidence is found to support the first two hypotheses fully and partially support the third, since gender did not function as a predictor in all models. CONCLUSION: The results confirm previous international research in that both locus of control and self-control appear to have a significant influence on internalizing and externalizing problems. Implications for mental health promotion in this population are discussed.

Predictores psicológicos de la re-ganancia del peso en pacientes bariátricos / Psychological predictors of the regain of weight in bariatric patients

Resumen La cirugía bariátrica permite una pérdida ponderal significativa y acelerada en el corto plazo. La re-ganancia del peso se observa entre el 15 al 30% de los pacientes. Los factores psicológicos explicarían en mayor medida la recuperación del peso en pacientes bariátricos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la capacidad predictiva de las variables "locus de control del peso", "perspectiva temporal" y "autoeficacia, para la re-ganancia del peso en pacientes bariátricos. Estudio multivariado predictivo. Se evalúo a 97 pacientes bariátricos. Los resultados indican que las variables psicológicas "locus de control", "presente fatalista" y "pasado positivo" explican el 27.1% de la varianza de la re-ganancia del peso (p<.001). Este modelo clasifica de forma correcta a un 88.7% de los pacientes. Las variables locus de control del peso, pasado positivo y presente fatalista predicen la re-ganancia del peso.

Abstract Bariatric surgery allows a significant and accelerated weight loss in the short term. The regain of the weight is observed between 15 to 30% of the patients. The psychological factors would explain to a greater extent the recovery of weight in bariatric patients. Aim: To evaluate the predictive capacity of the variables "locus of weight control", "temporal perspective" and "self-efficacy", for the re-gain of weight in bariatric patients. Method: Predictive multivariate study. A total of 97 bariatric patients were evaluated. Results: The psychological variables "locus of control", "present fatalist" and "positive past" explain 27.1% of the variance of the regain of weight (p <.001). This model correctly classifies 88.7% of patients. Conclusion: The variables locus of weight control, positive past and fatalistic present predict the regain of weight.

Otimismo, autoeficácia e lócus de controle na adesão ao tratamento de pessoas hipertensas / Optimism, self-efficacy and locus of control on hypertension treatment adherence / Optimismo, autoeficacia y locus de control en la adherencia al tratamiento em hipertensos

Este estudo analisou a relação do otimismo, da autoeficácia e do lócus de controle na adesão ao tratamento de pessoas hipertensas, bem como os principais preditores da adesão na amostra selecionada, considerando-se as variáveis sociodemográficas e os construtos psicológicos avaliados. A amostra foi composta de 100 hipertensos, e foram utilizados cinco instrumentos: questionário sociodemográfico e clínico, a Escala de Adesão Terapêutica de Morisky, o Teste de Orientação na Vida, a Escala de Autoeficácia Geral Percebida e a Escala de Lócus de Controle da Saúde. Por meio da técnica de regressão logística, verificou-se que praticar atividade física, não consumir álcool, ter maiores pontuação no lócus de controle acaso e na autoeficácia foram preditores de média e alta adesão ao tratamento. Finalmente, os resultados demonstraram a necessidade de mais investigações acerca da relação entre variáveis psicológicas e aderência ao tratamento hipertensivo, especialmente no que se refere ao lócus de controle acaso e sua influência sobre os comportamentos de saúde.

This study analyzed the association between optimism, self-efficacy and locus of control on treatment adherence of hypertensive adults, as well as the main predictors of adherence from sociodemographic variables and the psychological constructs. The sample consisted of 100 hypertensive patients. Five instruments were applied: sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, Life Orientation Test, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale. The logistic regression technique showed that physical activity, not consuming alcohol, and having greater scores in luck locus of control and in the self-efficacy were predictors of medium and high adherence. Finally, results demonstrated the need for further investigations on the relationship between psychological variables and adherence to hypertensive treatment, especially about the influence of the locus of control related to the luck on the health behavior.

Esta investigación examinó la relación entre optimismo, autoeficacia y locus de control en la adherencia de las personas hipertensas, así como sus principales predictores, teniendo en cuenta aspectos sociodemográficos y psicológicos evaluados. La muestra fue compuesta de 100 hipertensos. Se utilizaron cinco instrumentos: cuestionario socio demográfico y clínico, Escala de Adherencia al Tratamiento de Morisky, Test de Optimismo, Escala de Autoeficacia Generalizada y Escala Multidimensional de Locus de Control de la Salud. A través de la técnica de regresión logística se verifico que practicar actividad física, no consumir alcohol y tener mayores puntuaciones en locus de control acaso y la autoeficacia fueron predictores de media y alta adhesión. Finalmente, los resultados demostraron la necesidad de mayores investigaciones acerca de la relación entre variables psicológicas y adherencia al tratamiento, especialmente en lo que se refiere al locus acaso y su influencia sobre los comportamientos de salud.

Some correlates of academic dishonesty among undergraduates in Ogun state, Nigeria / Algunas correlaciones de deshonestidad académica entre estudiantes universitarios en el estado de Ogun, Nigeria

The purpose of the study is to examine factors associated with academic dishonesty among serial-academically frustrated students in Ogun State, Nigeria. Two hundred and fifty undergraduates registered with the academic empowerment programme at a private university in Nigeria were purposively selected for this study. The ages of the participants ranged from 17 to 21 years. Both the independent and dependent variables were measured with standardised instruments. The results showed that the independent variables jointly and relatively had significant influence on academic dishonesty among the sampled undergraduates. The result also showed gender difference in academic self-efficacy, locus of control and academic dishonesty but had no significant difference on motivation and academic dishonesty among male and female respondents. Implications for this study include the need to encourage character strength and development for enhancing the overall positive classroom behaviours, which eventually lead to successful academic achievement. University school counsellors should be saddled with the responsibility of nurturing the healthy development of all students.

El propósito de este estudio es examinar algunos factores (autoeficacia académica, motivación, lugar de control y género) asociados con la deshonestidad académica. Se seleccionaron 250 participantes de ambos sexos (76% hombres y 24% mujeres) de edades comprendidas entre 17 y 21 años utilizando la técnica de muestreo intencional. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la escala general de autoeficacia, la escala de motivación académica, la escala de locus de control académico y la escala de deshonestidad académica. Se realizaron coeficientes de correlación, análisis de regresión y pruebas t. Autoeficacia académica, locus de control y motivación relacionada con la deshonestidad académica. Hubo una diferencia de género en la autoeficacia académica, el lugar de control y la deshonestidad académica. Los resultados y las implicaciones se discuten más a fondo.

Lócus de controle, personalidade, autoeficácia e aspectos emocionais em aspirantes a piloto / Locus of control, personality, self-efficacy and emotional aspects of pilot students / Lócus de control, personalidad, autoeficacia y aspectos emocionales en aspirantes a piloto

O principal objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a relação entre lócus de controle (LOC), fatores de personalidade, autoeficácia, sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse em estudantes de graduação em Ciências Aeronáuticas. 109 participantes foram avaliados utilizando: Inventário dos Cinco Grandes Fatores da Personalidade (IGFP-5); Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - DASS-21; Escala de Autoeficácia Geral Percebida (EAGP), e Escala de Lócus de Controle para Segurança em Aviação. Os resultados indicaram que: Conscienciosidade correlacionou-se com autoeficácia e aspectos emocionais; Abertura e Extroversão obtiveram correlação com autoeficácia; Neuroticismo obteve correlação com autoeficácia e aspectos emocionais. Compreende-se a relevância da autoeficácia em estudantes e profissionais da aeronáutica, uma vez que tal construto relaciona-se com a saúde mental e com os comportamentos de risco.

This study was conducted to verify the relationship between locus of control (LOC), personality characteristics, self-efficacy, and depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in adults enrolled in an Aeronautical Science graduation course. One hundred and nine participants were assessed using the following: Big Five Inventory (IGFP-5); Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - DASS-21; General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale (GPSS); and Aviation Safety Locus of Control Scale. Results indicated that: Conscientiousness is correlated to self-efficacy and emotional aspects; Openness and Extraversion are correlated to self-efficacy; and Neuroticism is correlated to self-efficacy and emotional aspects. These results suggest the relevance of self-efficacy in aeronautical students and professionals, since such construct is related to both mental health and rick behavior.

El principal objetivo de este estudio fue comprobar la relación entre locus de control (LOC), factores de personalidad, autoeficacia, síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés en estudiantes de graduación en Ciencias Aeronáuticas. Fueron evaluados 109 participantes, utilizando: Inventario de los Cinco Grandes Factores de la Personalidad (IGFP); Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - DASS-21; Escala de Autoeficacia General Percibida (EAGP), y Escala de Locus de control para seguridad en aviación. Los resultados indicaron que: Responsabilidad se correlacionó con autoeficacia y aspectos emocionales; Apertura y Extraversión obtuvieron correlación con autoeficacia; Neuroticismo obtuvo correlación con autoeficacia y aspectos emocionales. Se comprende la relevancia de la autoeficacia en estudiantes y profesionales de la aeronáutica, ya que tal constructo se relaciona con la salud mental y con los comportamientos de riesgo.

Locus de Control y Morosidad como Predictores del Ejercicio Físico-Deportivo en Estudiantes Universitarios / Locus of Control and Procrastination as Predictors of Physical-Sports Exercise in University Students / Lócus de Controle e Morosidade como Preditores do Exercício Físico-Esportivo em Estudantes Universitários

Resumen El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar los efectos del locus de control y la morosidad sobre el ejercicio físico-deportivo en universitarios. Con las respuestas de una muestra no probabilística de 171 estudiantes, se construyeron, por análisis factorial confirmatorio, un modelo de locus de control y otro de morosidad. Adicionalmente, se probó un modelo de ejercicio físico-deportivo, a partir del análisis de ecuaciones estructurales, donde la morosidad afecta negativamente la práctica de ejercicio físico, los tres modelos poseen índices de bondad de ajuste adecuados. El estudiantado se ubicó en la etapa de preparación según el modelo transteórico de cambio de comportamiento (MTT). La conducta morosa explica 26% de la varianza del ejercicio físico.

Abstract The objective of this research project was to determine the effects of locus of control and procrastination on physical-sports exercise in university students. The answers from a non-probabilistic sample of 171 students were used to build both a locus of control and a procrastination model, through confirmatory factor analysis. Additionally, a physical-sports exercise model was tested on the basis of the analysis of structural equations, in which procrastination negatively affects the practice of physical exercise. The three models feature adequate goodness of fit indexes. According to the transtheoretical model of behavior change (TTM), the students were at the preparation stage. Procrastination behavior accounts for 26% of the variance in physical exercise.

Resumo O objetivo da pesquisa foi determinar os efeitos do locus de controle e da morosidade sobre o exercício físico-esportivo em universitários. Com as respostas de uma amostra não probabilística de 171 estudantes, foram construídos, por análise fatorial confirmatória, um modelo de lócus de controle e outro de morosidade. Adicionalmente, um modelo de exercício físico-esportivo foi testado, a partir da análise de equações estruturais, na qual a morosidade afeta negativamente a prática de exercício físico. Os três modelos apresentam índices de bondade de ajuste adequados. Os estudantes se localizaram na etapa de preparação de acordo com o modelo transteórico de mudança comportamental (MTT). A conduta morosa explica 26% da variância do exercício físico.

Recursos de ajuste psicosocial y su relación con la satisfacción con la vida en jóvenes de México / Psychosocial Adjustment Resources and their Relationship with Life Satisfaction in Young People / Recursos de ajuste psicossocial e sua relação com a satisfação com a vida em jovens do México

Resumen Objetivo. Determinar el valor explicativo de los recursos de ajuste psicosocial sobre la satisfacción con la vida, en un grupo de estudiantes egresados de bachillerato. Método. La muestra se seleccionó de un total de 117271 jóvenes que egresaron en 2016 de la educación media superior en los municipios de Navojoa, Hermosillo y Ciudad Obregón, en México. La muestra final estuvo conformada por 2237 participantes, quienes respondieron a cuatro medidas de ajuste psicosocial (autoconcepto, locus de control, afrontamiento y orientación al éxito) y un cuestionario de satisfacción con la vida. Para el análisis de los datos se realizó un modelo de regresión lineal. Resultados. Se encontró que el modelo de regresión final sugiere que el autoconcepto positivo (P = 0.62) y el afrontamiento positivo (P = 0.14) predicen la satisfacción con la vida en los jóvenes egresados de la educación media (R 2 = 0.63). Conclusión. Se observó que el autoconcepto es la variable de mayor determinación sobre la satisfacción con la vida de estos jóvenes, de ahí que su ajuste se relacione fundamentalmente con el autoconcepto, el locus de control y las formas de enfrentar los problemas, variables que deberían considerarse al momento de promover una transición adecuada del bachiller a la educación superior.

Abstract Objective. The present study objective is to determine the explanatory value of psychosocial adjustment resources on life satisfaction in a group of high school graduates. Method. The sample was selected from a total of 117271 young people, who in 2016, graduated from upper secondary education in the municipalities of Navojoa, Hermosillo and Ciudad Obregón, in Mexico. The final sample consisted of 2237 participants, who responded to four measures of psychosocial adjustment (self-concept, locus of control, coping and orientation to success) and a questionnaire of life satisfaction. For the data analysis, a linear regression model was performed. Results. The final regression model suggests that the positive self-concept (P = 0.62) and positive coping (P = 0.14) predict life satisfaction in the high school graduates (R2 = 0.63). Conclusion. The self-concept is the variable with the greatest determination about life satisfaction in the sample. On the other hand, the adjustment profile of adolescents fundamentally depends on their self-concept, their locus of control and their ways of facing the problems, which should be considered in order to promote an adequate transition from high school to higher education.

Resumo Escopo. O presente trabalho tem como escopo determinar o valor explicativo dos recursos de ajuste psicossocial sobre a satisfação com a vida, em um grupo de estudantes graduados do bacharelado. Metodologia. A amostra foi selecionada de um total de 117271 jovens, que graduaram-se no 2016 da educação média-superior nos municípios de Navojoa, Hermosillo e Ciudad Obregón, no México. A amostra final esteve conformada por 2237 participantes, os quais responderam a quatro medidas de ajuste psicossocial (autoconceito, locus de controle, afrontamento e orientação ao sucesso) e um questionário de satisfação com a vida. Para a análise dos dados foi feito um modelo de regressão lineal. Resultados. O modelo de regressão final sugere que o autoconceito positivo (P = 0.62) e o afrontamento positivo (P = 0.14) predizem a satisfação com a vida nos jovens graduados da educação média (R2 = 0.63). Conclusão. O autoconceito é a variável de maior determinação sobre a satisfação com a vida de estes jovens, enquanto, seu ajuste está relacionado fundamentalmente com o autoconceito, o locus de controle e as formas de enfrentar problemas, variáveis que deveriam ser consideradas ao momento de promover uma transição adequada do bacharel à educação superior.

Control perceptions in epilepsy: A transcultural case-control study with focus on auras.

OBJECTIVE: General Locus of Control (GLoC) is used to measure the extent to which people perceive life events as results of their own actions or external factors. This study analyzes the relationship between GLoC and people with epilepsy's (PWE) clinical characteristics, levels of anxiety, depression, religiosity/spirituality, and quality of life, with particular attention to possible influences of auras. METHODS: A case-control study was carried out with 186 consecutive patients with a definite diagnosis of epilepsy in Brazil and Lithuania. Besides clinical and demographic data, all patients answered to internationally validated scales: Rotter's GLoC, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Quality of Life in Epilepsy (QOLIE-31), and Index of Core Spiritual Experiences-Revised (INSPIRIT-R). RESULTS: Patient's mean age was 36.15 ±â€¯13.75 years, 61.3% were female, mean age at onset of epilepsy was 17.27 ±â€¯13.59 years, and monthly seizure frequency was 8.22 ±â€¯20.00. People with epilepsy were more depressed than controls, (p = 0.03). Within the group with epilepsy, patients reporting auras and reacting to them had higher levels of depression (p = 0.002) and anxiety (p = 0.004) and lower QOLIE-31 (p = 0.01) score but did not differ in GLoC (p = 0.73) or INSPIRIT-R (p = 0.71). Patients with perceived ability to prevent seizures in response to auras had no increased levels of depression and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: General Locus of Control externalization in PWE was not confirmed. To perceive and be able to react to auras is associated with increased anxiety and depressive symptoms in PWE but not if it results in preventing seizures. No transcultural differences in these parameters were found.

Predictive factors of treatment adherence in cancer outpatients.

OBJECTIVE: Identify which variables are predictors of treatment adherence in cancer patients. METHODS: Two hundred twenty cancer outpatients were evaluated by the following instruments: questionnaire on sociodemographic and clinical data, NEO-FFI Personality Inventory Revised (NEO-FFI-R), Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), patient's knowledge about cancer disease questionnaire, and Adherence Determinants Questionnaire (ADQ). A logistic regression analysis was applied to verify the predictive power of the variables, and network analyses were conducted through the qgraph package. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 138 (62.7%) women and 82 (37.3%) men. The mean age of participants was 54.66 (SD = 13.30), and the education level mean was 8.32 (DP = 3.76) years of study. Powerful others locus of control (LOC) and the personality factors conscientiousness and agreeableness are presented as predictors of high treatment adherence. The variable family cancer history, on the other hand, was a predictor of lower adherence levels. CONCLUSIONS: The powerful others LOC may be connected with more trust and dependence in the health team, leading to better adherence. Specific characteristics of personality factors can help individuals to cooperate with their caregivers and to follow medical orders. The evaluated factors are interrelated and should be taken into account by health professionals when developing interventions to modify health-related behaviors and treatment adherence.

Low perceived control over health is associated with lower treatment uptake in a high mortality population of Bolivian forager-farmers.

Indigenous people worldwide suffer from higher rates of morbidity and mortality than neighboring populations. In addition to having limited access to public health infrastructure, indigenous people may also have priorities and health perceptions that deter them from seeking adequate modern healthcare. Here we propose that living in a harsh and unpredictable environment reduces motivation to pursue deliberate, costly action to improve health outcomes. We assess whether variation in Health Locus of Control (HLC), a psychological construct designed to capture self-efficacy with respect to health, explains variation in treatment uptake behavior among Tsimane Amerindians (N = 690; age range: 40-89 years; 55.8% female; data collection: 2008-2012), a high mortality and morbidity indigenous population in the Bolivian Amazon, Beni Department. Comparisons with two industrialized populations in Japan (Miyagi prefecture; e0 = 76.6 years) and the United Kingdom (Caerphilly county borough; e0 = 81.2 years) confirm that Tsimane (e0 = 54.1 years) have a more externalized HLC. Multilevel level models were used to investigate whether HLC predicts treatment uptake, and mediates the relationship between modernization and treatment uptake. External HLC scores were predictive of treatment outcomes: Powerful others scores were positively associated with probability of receiving modern treatment (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.33), while Chance scores were negatively associated with probability of receiving modern treatment (adjusted OR = 0.76). We found no effects, however, of Internal HLC or educational capital on treatment uptake. Overall, our findings indicate that health-related decision-making is influenced more by a psychological orientation affecting self-efficacy, shaped in part by perceptions of environmental unpredictability and harshness, than by limited knowledge, education or other indicators of modernization.

Estudio preliminar del perfil comparativo del control financiero en jóvenes universitarios

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue obtener evidencias de validez y confiabilidad de la escala de locus de control financiero, además de analizar diferencias en variables estructurales. Participaron en el estudio 300 universitarios, 110 hombres y 190 mujeres, entre 18 y 59 años de edad con una media de 21.74 (DE = 6.7) de la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México. El locus de control se evaluó con ítems que reflejan que obtener dinero es contingente con sus acciones. Los resultados muestran las propiedades psicométrica de un instrumento que incorpora tres factores referentes al locus de control: interno, afectivo y externo. Además los hallazgos sugieren que los universitarios tienen un alto locus de control financiero interno y afiliativo, diferenciado por sexo, tipo de carrera y nivel de eficiencia laboral. La discusión analiza la utilidad de los resultados dentro de la sociocultura mexicana, es decir, que lograr tener dinero es atribuido a causas afectivas, fuentes externas, así como por la decisión propia de tener dinero, lo que tiene implicaciones al momento de buscar nuevos ingresos y las contingencias para tenerlo

The objective of the present research was to obtain evidences of validity and reliability of the scale of locus of financial control, obtaining differences in structural variables. The study involved 300 university students, 110 men and 190 women, between 18 and 59 years old (M = 21.74; SD = 6.7) from the Metropolitan Zone of Mexico City. The locus of control was assessed with items that reflect that obtaining money is contingent on its actions. The results show the psychometric properties of an instrument that incorporates three factors related to the locus of control: internal, affective and external. Additionally, the findings suggest that university students have a higher level of internal and affiliative financial locus of control, differentiated by sex, type of career and level of work efficiency. The discussion analyzes the utility of the results within the Mexican socioculture, that having money is attributed to affective causes, external sources, as well as the decision to own money, which has implications when seeking new income and the contingencies to have it

Health locus of control, body image and self-esteem in individuals with intestinal stoma / Lócus de controle em saúde, imagem corporal e autoestima nos indivíduos com estoma intestinal

Abstract Objective To evaluate the health locus of control, self-esteem, and body image in patients with an intestinal stoma. Method A descriptive, cross-sectional, analytical study conducted at the pole of the ostomates of the city of Pouso Alegre. The study was approved by Research Ethics Committee of Universidade do Vale do Sapucaí. Opinion: 620,459. Patients: 44 patients with an intestinal stoma. Four instruments were used: a questionnaire with demographic and stomatologic data, the Health Locus of Control Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale/UNIFESP-EPM, and the Body Investment Scale. Statistics: Chi-square, Pearson, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. p < 0.05 was determined. Results The majority of patients were over 70 years, 16 (36.4%) were female, 30 (68.2%) were married, 31 (70.5%) were retirees, 31 (70.5%) had an income of 1-3 minimum wages, 32 (72.7%) did not practice physical activity, 18 (40.9%) had an incomplete elementary education, and 35 (79.5%) participated in a support or association group. 33 (75%) participants received the stoma because of a neoplasia; and 33 (75%) had a definitive stoma. In 36 (81.8%) participants, the type of stoma used was a colostomy, and 22 (50%) measured 20-40 mm in diameter; 32 (72.7%) participants used a two-piece device. With regard to complications, there were 29 (65.9%) cases of dermatitis. The mean total score for the Health Locus of Control Scale was 62.84; for the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, 27.66; and for the Body Investment Scale, 39.48. The mean scores for the dimensions internal, powerful others, and chance of the Health Locus of Control Scale were 22.68, 20.68, and 19.50, respectively. With respect to the Body Investment Scale, for the dimensions body image, body care, and body touch, the mean scores were 11.64, 11.00, and 13.09, respectively. Conclusion In this study, the participants showed changes in self-esteem and body image and also showed negative feelings about their body. Ostomized individuals believe that they themselves control their state of health and do not believe that other persons or entities (physician, nurse, friends, family, god, etc.) can assist them in their improvement or cure and, in addition, believe that their health is controlled by chance, without personal or other people's interference.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o lócus de controle da saúde, autoestima e imagem corporal em portadores de estoma intestinal. Método Estudo descritivo, transversal, analítico; realizado no Polo de ostomizados da cidade de Pouso Alegre, aprovado pelo CEP da Universidade do Vale do Sapucaí. Parecer: 620.459. Casuística: 44 pacientes com estoma intestinal. Foram utilizados quatro instrumentos:questionário com dados demográficos e relacionados ao estoma, Escala de Lócus de Controle da Saúde, Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg/UNIFESP-EPM e Body Investment Scale. Estatística: Testes do Qui-quadrado, Pearson, Mann-Whitney e de Kruskal-Wallis. Determinou-se p < 0,05. Resultados A maioria tinha idade acima de 70 anos, 16 (36,4%) eram do gênero feminino, 30 (68,2%) eram casados, 31 (70,5%) aposentados, 31 (70,5%) tinham renda de 1 a 3 salários mínimos, 32 (72,7%) não praticavam atividade física, 18 (40,9%) não completaram o ensino fundamental e 35 (79,5%) participavam de grupo de apoio ou associação. 33 (75%) das causas da confecção do estoma foram por neoplasia e em 33 (75%) o estoma era definitivo. Em 36 (81,8%) o estoma era do tipo colostomia, 22 (50%) mediam de 20 a 40 mm de diâmetro e 32 (72,7%) eram dispositivos duas peças. Com relação às complicações, 29 (65,9%) foram dermatite. A média do escore total da Escala para Locus de Controle da Saúde foi de 62,84; Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg, 27,66; e Body Investment Scale, 39,48. Com relação à média do escore total das dimensões da Escala para Locus de Controle da Saúde, constatamos: Internalidade para saúde, 22,68; Externalidade "outros poderosos", 20,68; e Externalidade para saúde, 19,50. Com relação às dimensões da Body Investment Scale, constatamos: para Imagem corporal, média de 11,64; Cuidado corporal, média de 11,00; e Toque corporal, média de 13,09. Conclusão Os participantes do estudo apresentaram autoestima e imagem corporal alteradas e sentimentos negativos em relação ao corpo. Os ostomizados acreditam que eles próprios controlam o seu estado de saúde e não acreditam que outras pessoas ou entidades (médico, enfermeiro, amigos, familiares, Deus, etc.) possam ajuda-los em sua melhora ou cura e que sua saúde é controlada ao acaso, sem interferência própria ou de outras pessoas.