ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Nurses are frequently exposed to transmissible infections, yet adherence to infection control measures is suboptimal. There has been inadequate research into how the psychosocial work environment affects compliance with infection control measures, especially in low- and middle-income countries. AIM: To examine the association between effort-reward imbalance, burnout and adherence to infection control measures among nurses in Ecuador. INTRODUCTION: A cross-sectional study linking psychosocial work environment indicators to infection control adherence. METHODS: The study was conducted among 333 nurses in four Ecuadorian hospitals. Self-administered questionnaires assessed demographic variables, perceived infection risk, effort-reward imbalance, burnout and infection control adherence. RESULTS: Increased effort-reward imbalance was found to be a unique incremental predictor of exposure to burnout, and burnout was a negative unique incremental predictor of nurses' self-reported adherence with infection control measures. DISCUSSION: Results suggest an effort-reward imbalance-burnout continuum, which, at higher levels, contributes to reduce adherence to infection control. The Ecuadorean government has made large efforts to improve universal access to health care, yet this study suggests that workplace demands on nurses remain problematic. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the contribution of effort-reward-imbalance-burnout continuum to the chain of infection by decreased adherence to infection control of nurses. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING POLICY: Health authorities should closely monitor the effect of new policies on psychosocial work environment, especially when expanding services and increasing public accessibility with limited resources. Additionally, organizational and psychosocial interventions targeting effort-reward imbalance and burnout in nurses should be considered part of a complete infection prevention and control strategy. Further study is warranted to identify interventions that best ameliorate effort-reward imbalance and burnout in low- and middle-income settings.
Subject(s)
Burnout, Professional/psychology , Infection Control/methods , Job Satisfaction , Nursing Staff, Hospital/psychology , Workplace/psychology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Ecuador , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Introducción: El perfil de egreso del Licenciado en Enfermería y Obstetricia plantea que las actividades deben responder a las necesidades poblacionales para la resolución de problemas de salud infecciosas y degenerativas en el primer nivel de atención que son prevenibles. Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre el perfil de egreso de los Licenciados en Enfermería y Obstetricia, y las funciones que realizan en el primer nivel de atención. Metodología: estudio cuantitativo, observacional, transversal y comparativo. Una muestra por conveniencia, 80 pasantes de la LEO en Primer Nivel de Atención, de la generación 2007-2010.El instrumento autoadministrado, consta de 13 preguntas generales y 54ítems; dichas preguntas agrupadas en cuatro dimensiones: asistenciales, administrativas, docentes y de investigación. Resultados: Del total dela población el 76% pertenecen al sexo femenino, la edad promedio es de 24 años. El 66% eligieron realizar el servicio social en el primer nivel de atención. En la realización entre las funciones asistenciales, administrativas, docentes y de investigación realizadas y la congruencia del perfil de egreso del LEO; resulta que se realizan siempre con una media de 4.11, las administrativas con una media de 3.33, seguida de funciones docentes con una mediana de 3.27.La fuerza de correlación entre ambas variables es muy fuerte.804, obtenida a través de la prueba r de Pearson. Para analizar las diferencias en el cumplimiento de funciones asistenciales, administrativas, docentes y de investigación, con respecto la variable condición laboral, se detectaron diferencias estadísticas; donde los egresados que cuentan con un empleo, son los que tienen una mejor opinión de la realización de todas sus actividades, que aquellos que no trabajan. Discusión y conclusiones: de acuerdo a los resultados de investigaciones consultadas y del presente estudio, se encontró que existe relación entre el perfil de egreso de los Licenciados en Enfermería y Obstetricia y las funciones que realiza en el primer nivel de atención; por el apoyo integral hacia el paciente y su familia, que concuerda con las políticas gubernamentales e institucionales en la prevención.
Introduction: The graduate profile of the Bachelor of Nursing and Midwifery states that activities should meet the needs of the population for solving health problems in infectious and degenerative primary care preventable. Objective: To analyze the relationship between the exit profile of Graduates in Nursing and Midwifery, and the functions performed in the primary care level. Methodology: quantitative, observational, transversal and comparative. A convenience sample of 80 interns LEO primary care level, 2007-2010 generation. The self-administered instrument consists of 13 items and 54 general questions, such questions grouped into four dimensions: care, administrative, teaching and research. Results: Of the total population 76% are female; the average age is 24 years. 66% chose to perform social service in the primary care level. In carrying between welfare functions, administrative, teaching and research carried out and the consistency of the graduate profile of LEO, it is always done with an average of 4.11, the administrative half of 3.33, followed by teaching positions with a median of 3.27. The strength of correlation between two variables is very strong .804, obtained through Pearson's r test. To analyze the differences in the performance ofhealth care functions, administrative, educational and research regarding employment status variable, statistical differences were detected, where the graduates who have a job are those who have a better opinion of the performance of all its activities, that those who do not work. Discussion and conclusions: according to results surveyed research and the present study, found that there is relationship between the profile of graduates in nursing and obstetrics and the functions performed at the first level of care; for the integral support to the patient and his family, which is consistent with Government and institutional policies on prevention.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Primary Health Care , Organization and Administration , Students, Nursing , Nurse's Role , Faculty, NursingABSTRACT
Resumen
El campo de la salud ocupacional o salud en el trabajo es complejo y requiere la atención de diferentes disciplinas que coadyuven al cumplimiento de su misión. En esta área como en otras, la enfermería cumple la noble función bajo la perspectiva fundamental de la prevención y la promoción de la salud antes que el enfoque meramente curativo y por ello, su aporte es trascendental. En el presente escrito se describe la historia de la enfermería en el campo de la salud ocupacional, su enfoque y su importancia, asimismo, se señalan nueve intervenciones básicas de la enfermería en esta área y las funciones correspondientes a cada una. Se comentan las perspectivas futuras de desarrollo de la enfermería en el tema y los potenciales retos.
Summary
The occupational health field is complex and requires the involvement of different disciplines which must support its efforts so as to get their goals. In this area as others, the nursing profession carries out its functioning under the main focus of the health prevention and health promotion more than only from a cure approach, so its contribution is highly significant. In the present paper we described the history of occupational health nursing, its focus and importance as well as the nine basic interventions of nursing in occupational health considering the specific responsibilities and tasks in each intervention. The future perspectives and challenges of occupational health nursing are discussed.