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1.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 52(4): 4, Oct.-Dec. 2024. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1576186

ABSTRACT

Abstract During the preanesthetic assessment of the obstetric patient, it is critical to assess the patient's cardiovascular baseline condition, identify any potential risks, and facilitate behavioral modification to develop an individualized management strategy aimed at minimizing complications. Cardiac point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a valuable instrument for assessing the morphology and function of the heart prior to surgery. Cardiac POCUS is not designed to replace comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography, which is the realm of cardiovascular anesthesiology and cardiology. However, when used in conjunction with anamnesis, physical examination, electrocardiogram, and previous laboratory results, cardiac POCUS is a valuable adjunct in the diagnostic toolbox of anesthesiologists. It allows for direct visualization of the heart and great vessels, with added benefits of speed, availability, and low risk for the patient. The purpose of this manuscript is to explore and describe the advantages of cardiac POCUS in the preanesthetic period of obstetric patients and its potential value for anesthesiologists through the identification of potentially hazardous conditions that may require individualized preoperative management.


Resumen Durante la valoración preanestésica de la paciente obstétrica, es fundamental evaluar la condición cardiovascular basal de la paciente, identificar riesgos potenciales y facilitar modificaciones conductuales para desarrollar una estrategia de manejo individualizada, dirigida a minimizar las complicaciones. La ecografía cardíaca a la cabecera del paciente (POCUS) es un instrumento valioso para evaluar la morfología y la función del corazón antes de un procedimiento quirúrgico. El POCUS cardiaco no está diseñado para sustituir a la ecocardiografía transtorácica formal, que corresponde al área de anestesiología cardiovascular y a la cardiología. Sin embargo, cuando se usa en conjunto con la anamnesis, el examen físico, el electrocardiograma y los resultados de exámenes de laboratorio previos, el POCUS cardiaco es un complemento valioso dentro del arsenal diagnóstico de los anestesiólogos. Permite la visualización directa del corazón y de los grandes vasos, con beneficios adicionales de velocidad, disponibilidad y bajo riesgo para la paciente. El objetivo del presente manuscrito es explorar y describir las ventajas del POCUS cardiaco durante el periodo preanestésico en pacientes obstétricas y su valor potencial para los anestesiólogos, a través de la identificación de condiciones eventualmente peligrosas que pudieran requerir un manejo preoperatorio individualizado.

2.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1450091

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La hipertensión perioperatoria constituye una de las principales alteraciones detectadas durante la colecistectomía video endoscópica. Se presume del efecto protector que tiene el atenolol con su acción beta bloqueadora en reducir esta condición morbosa. Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia del atenolol en prevenir la hipertensión perioperatoria durante la colecistectomía video endoscópica en la unidad quirúrgica del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico "Lucía Íñiguez Landín" de Holguín Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, longitudinal y prospectivo de tipo cohorte con dos grupos paralelos de estudio, uno de tratamiento y un grupo control, desde enero a diciembre de 2018. El universo estuvo constituido por los 697 pacientes (N=697) atendidos en la consulta de evaluación preoperatoria y se tomó como muestra a 183 hipertensos (n=183) que se operaron por cirugía video endoscópica de litiasis vesicular, de ellos aleatorizados 95 al grupo de tratamiento con atenolol y 88 al grupo control. A los pacientes del grupo tratamiento se les administró atenolol 25 mg diarios durante 15 días antes de la cirugía. Las variables principales que se monitorizaron fueron las presiones arteriales sistólica, diastólica y media, y se emplearon indicadores para evaluar la efectividad del tratamiento. Resultados: Las presiones arteriales preoperatorias disminuyeron de forma significativa en el grupo de tratamiento con atenolol. La hipertensión perioperatoria fue más frecuente en el grupo control. El atenolol es un bloqueador selectivo de los receptores beta 1, ejerce su efecto hipotensor a nivel central al deprimir los centros cardiovasculares simpáticos como el vasomotor bulbar. Conclusiones: El tratamiento con atenolol fue eficaz en reducir la incidencia de hipertensión perioperatoria.


Introduction: Perioperative hypertension represents one of the leading alterations detected performing endoscopic cholecystectomy. It is presumed that atenolol has a protective effect able to reduce this morbid condition, likely due to its beta-blocking action. Objective: To assess the efficacy of atenolol on preventing perioperative hypertension performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the surgical unit of the Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico "Lucía Íñiguez Landín" of Holguín. Method: An observational, analytical, longitudinal and prospective cohort study was conducted with two study groups at the same time, experimental group and control group, from January to December, 2018. A total of 697 patients (N=697) evaluated in the preoperative consultation were involved in the study, the sample included 183 hypertensive patients (n=183) who underwent endoscopic surgery for gallbladder lithiasis, of whom 95 were randomized to the atenolol treatment group and 88 to the control group. Patients in the treatment group were administered atenolol at 25 mg daily for 15 days before surgery. Leading variables used were systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures, and specific indicators were used to evaluate treatment effectiveness. Results: Preoperative arterial pressures decreased significantly with the use of atenolol in the treatment group. Perioperative hypertension was more frequent in the control group. Atenolol is a selective beta 1 receptor blocker, who causes a hypertensive effects in the central level, depressing the bulbar vasomotor center. Conclusions: The results of this investigation show that the use of atenolol in treatment was an effective alternative, thus effectiveness reduce perioperative hypertension rate.


Introdução: A hipertensão perioperatória é uma das principais alterações detectadas durante a colecistectomia videoendoscópica. Presume-se o efeito protetor que o atenolol tem com sua ação betabloqueadora na redução dessa condição mórbida. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia do atenolol na prevenção da hipertensão perioperatória durante a colecistectomia videoendoscópica na unidade cirúrgica do Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico "Lucía Íñiguez Landín" of Holguín. Método: Foi realizado um estudo de coorte observacional, analítico, longitudinal e prospectivo com dois estudos paralelos grupos, um para tratamento e um grupo controle, de janeiro a dezembro de 2018. O universo foi composto por 697 pacientes (N=697) atendidos na consulta de avaliação pré-operatória e 183 pacientes hipertensos (n=183) foram tomados como amostra submetidos à videocirurgia para litíase biliar, dos quais 95 foram randomizados para o grupo tratamento com atenolol e 88 para o grupo controle. Os pacientes do grupo de tratamento receberam atenolol 25 mg diariamente por 15 dias antes da cirurgia. As principais variáveis monitoradas foram a pressão arterial sistólica, diastólica e média, e indicadores foram usados para avaliar a eficácia do tratamento. Resultados: A pressão arterial pré-operatória diminuiu significativamente no grupo de tratamento com atenolol. A hipertensão perioperatória foi mais frequente no grupo controle. O atenolol é um bloqueador seletivo dos receptores beta 1, exerce seu efeito hipotensor em nível central deprimindo os centros cardiovasculares simpáticos, como o vasomotor bulbar. Conclusões: O tratamento com atenolol foi eficaz na redução da incidência de hipertensão perioperatória.

3.
Braz J Anesthesiol ; 70(6): 678-681, 2020.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33279229

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Opioid-free anesthesia decreases the incidence of opioid adverse events, but its optimal antinociceptive depth has not been clearly defined. Personalizing intraoperative opioid-free infusions with a nociception monitor may be the solution. CASE REPORT: We describe the feasibility and potential limitations of titrating opioid-free antinociception during major abdominal surgery using the Analgesia Nociception Index (Mdoloris, Lille, France) in an obese patient. After stabilizing the patient's nociception-antinociception balance intraoperatively we quickly reversed anesthesia and the patient did not require postoperative opioids. CONCLUSION: Personalizing opioid-free antinociception with a nociception monitor is feasible. It may optimize intraoperative antinociception and improve postoperative comfort.


Subject(s)
Anesthesia, Inhalation , Anesthesia, Intravenous , Nociception , Precision Medicine/methods , Urinary Incontinence/surgery , Vesicovaginal Fistula/surgery , Analgesia/instrumentation , Analgesia/methods , Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects , Electroencephalography , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Obesity, Morbid/complications , Urinary Incontinence/etiology , Vesicovaginal Fistula/complications
4.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; Rev. bras. anestesiol;70(6): 678-681, Nov.-Dec. 2020. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1155781

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Opioid-free anesthesia decreases the incidence of opioid adverse events, but its optimal antinociceptive depth has not been clearly defined. Personalizing intraoperative opioid-free infusions with a nociception monitor may be the solution. Case report: We describe the feasibility and potential limitations of titrating opioid-free antinociception during major abdominal surgery using the Analgesia Nociception Index (Mdoloris, Lille, France) in an obese patient. After stabilizing the patient's nociception-antinociception balance intraoperatively we quickly reversed anesthesia and the patient did not require postoperative opioids. Conclusion: Personalizing opioid-free antinociception with a nociception monitor is feasible. It may optimize intraoperative antinociception and improve postoperative comfort.


Resumo Introdução A anestesia sem opioides diminui a incidência de eventos adversos associados aos opioides, mas a profundidade antinociceptiva ideal dessa abordagem não está claramente definida. Personalizar a infusão intraoperatória sem opioides com o uso de monitor de nocicepção pode ser a solução. Relato de caso Descrevemos a viabilidade e as eventuais limitações da titulação da antinocicepção sem opioides por meio do uso do Índice de Analgesia/Nocicepção (Mdoloris, Lille, França) durante cirurgia abdominal de grande porte em paciente com obesidade. Depois de estabilizar o equilíbrio nocicepção-antinocicepção da paciente no intraoperatório, revertemos rapidamente a anestesia e a paciente não precisou de opioides no pós-operatório. Conclusão A personalização da antinocicepção sem opioides por meio do emprego de monitor de nocicepção é factível. A abordagem pode otimizar a antinocicepção intraoperatória e melhorar o conforto pós-operatório.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Urinary Incontinence/surgery , Vesicovaginal Fistula/surgery , Precision Medicine/methods , Nociception , Anesthesia, Inhalation , Anesthesia, Intravenous , Urinary Incontinence/etiology , Obesity, Morbid/complications , Vesicovaginal Fistula/complications , Electroencephalography , Analgesia/instrumentation , Analgesia/methods , Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects , Middle Aged
5.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; Rev. bras. anestesiol;69(2): 204-207, Mar.-Apr. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003396

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: The aim of this report is to represent the role of the use of bedside ultrasound by the anesthesiologist, offering an individualized approach to the specific condition of the patient, without unnecessary postponement of femur fracture surgical repair in the elderly. Case report: Female patient, 86 years old, hypertensive, victim of trochanteric fracture of the femur, taken to the operating room after being released by cardiology service. A bedside ultrasound exam allowed the identification of aortic stenosis, left ventricular hypertrophy, carotid stenosis, and signs of hypovolemia. From these findings, it was decided to use an ultrasound-guided block of the nerves femoral and lateral cutaneous of the thigh as an anesthetic technique. Conclusions: The use of ultrasound guidance by the anesthesiologist can provide relevant information for individualizing the anesthetic technique, without postponing the surgical intervention, which usually occurs when the patient is referred for complete examination by the specialist.


Resumo Objetivo: Exemplificar o papel do emprego da ultrassonografia à beira do leito pelo anestesiologista e oferecer uma abordagem individualizada para a condição específica do paciente, sem que haja postergação desnecessária de correções cirúrgicas de fraturas de fêmur em idosos. Relato do caso: Paciente feminina, 86 anos, hipertensa, vítima de fratura trocantérica de fêmur, levada ao bloco cirúrgico após liberação cardiológica. O exame ultrassonográfico à beira do leito possibilitou a identificação de estenose aórtica, hipertrofia ventricular esquerda, estenose de carótida e indícios de hipovolemia. A partir desses achados, decidiu-se pelo bloqueio nos nervos femoral e cutâneo lateral da coxa guiado pela ultrassonografia como técnica anestésica. Conclusão: O uso da ultrassonografia direcionada à beira do leito pelo anestesiologista pode fornecer informações relevantes para a individualização da técnica anestésica, sem que haja postergação da intervenção cirúrgica, a qual comumente ocorre quando o paciente é referenciado para exame completo pelo especialista.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Ultrasonography/methods , Point-of-Care Systems , Femoral Fractures/surgery , Preoperative Care/methods , Ultrasonography, Interventional/methods , Nerve Block/methods
6.
Braz J Anesthesiol ; 69(2): 204-207, 2019.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30115463

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this report is to represent the role of the use of bedside ultrasound by the anesthesiologist, offering an individualized approach to the specific condition of the patient, without unnecessary postponement of femur fracture surgical repair in the elderly. CASE REPORT: Female patient, 86 years old, hypertensive, victim of trochanteric fracture of the femur, taken to the operating room after being released by cardiology service. A bedside ultrasound exam allowed the identification of aortic stenosis, left ventricular hypertrophy, carotid stenosis, and signs of hypovolemia. From these findings, it was decided to use an ultrasound-guided block of the nerves femoral and lateral cutaneous of the thigh as an anesthetic technique. CONCLUSIONS: The use of ultrasound guidance by the anesthesiologist can provide relevant information for individualizing the anesthetic technique, without postponing the surgical intervention, which usually occurs when the patient is referred for complete examination by the specialist.


Subject(s)
Femoral Fractures/surgery , Point-of-Care Systems , Ultrasonography/methods , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Nerve Block/methods , Preoperative Care/methods , Ultrasonography, Interventional/methods
7.
Rev. chil. anest ; 47(3): 166-175, 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1451141

ABSTRACT

We are in the middle of great changes in health care worldwide. There is great pressure to contain costs, population ages rapidly and at the same time significant technological advances are continuously incorporated into medical practice. In the near future, it is likely that reimbursement and incentive mechanisms will also change, and progress will be made towards what has been called value-based medical care, where compensation will be directly related to clinical outcomes. Anesthesiology as a specialty, needs also to adapt to these new scenarios, given that the perioperative period as a whole have been observed as not very efficient and susceptible to improvement. This is why, in many places, anesthesiologists, given their wide range of clinical skills, are beginning to expand their field of action towards clinical activities outside the operating room, taking care of the patient through all their surgical process, which has been called Perioperative Medicine. The anesthesiologist is evolving towards this new type of specialist and this is how they effectively add value to medical care as a whole.


Estamos en medio de una etapa de grandes cambios en atención de salud en todo el mundo. Existe gran presión por contener los costos, envejece la población y al mismo tiempo se incorporan rápidamente adelantos tecnológicos a nuestra práctica médica. Muy probablemente, en el futuro cercano cambien también los mecanismos de pago e incentivos y se avance a lo que se ha denominado atención médica basada en el valor, donde las compensaciones estarán directamente relacionadas con los desenlaces o resultados. La anestesiología como especialidad, también deberá adaptarse a estos nuevos escenarios, dado que el período perioperatorio en su conjunto ha sido observado como poco eficiente y susceptible de mejorar. Es aquí donde en muchos lugares los anestesiólogos, dado su amplia gama de competencias clínicas, están empezando a aumentar su campo de acción hacia actividades clínicas fuera del pabellón, haciéndose cargo del paciente a través de todo su proceso quirúrgico lo que se ha denominado Medicina Perioperatoria. El anestesiólogo está evolucionando hacia este nuevo tipo de especialista y es de esta manera como efectivamente logra agregar valor al cuidado médico en su conjunto.


Subject(s)
Humans , Perioperative Medicine/trends , Anesthesiology/trends
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