ABSTRACT
Pulpitis is a special disease of dental pulp. It causes localized inflammation, due to various inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines. These inflammatory mediators are responsible for various reparative and resorptive processes in the dental pulp. The balance between these processes ultimately determines the viability of the tooth. Due to the important properties of various inflammatory markers, the correlation of cytokinin gene expression in various stages of inflammation becomes necessary to focus on. Several studies in the past have focused on the importance of such correlation to help in diagnostic applications. The nature of these inflammatory mediators can help us in diagnostic evaluation. Several attempts have been made to focus on these associations so that it can assist in making clinical decisions effectively. The data available are vast but are the most neglected topic. This review article briefly outlines and summarizes the importance of various inflammatory mediators such as cytokinin and chemokines in various pathways of pulpal and periapical inflammation in explanatory and diagrammatic forms. Knowledge gained about pulpal inflammatory response may aid in understanding the molecular level of inflammatory pulpal and periapical diseases, which shall modify our future diagnostic modalities. Several medicaments are used in the treatment of minimal to advanced dental caries which leads to periapical infections. Thorough understanding of these medicaments can resolve secondary infection and can improve the prognosis of the treated tooth.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Verificar a eficácia dos testes pulpares térmico e elétrico em registrar o status pulpar. Material e Métodos: Foram testados 30 dentes indicados para tratamento endodôntico e com status pulpar desconhecido. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com a inspeção pulpar direta para a determinação dos números de verdadeiro positivo, falso positivo, verdadeiro negativo e falso negativo. Resultados: A partir dos valores encontrados foram estabelecidos a sensibilidade (0,94), especificidade (elétrico e calor = 0,58 e frio = 0,75), valor preditivo negativo (elétrico e calor = 0,77, frio = 0,85), valor preditivo positivo (elétrico e calor = 0,87, frio = 0,9) e acurácia (80% elétrico e calor e 87% frio) de cada teste. Conclusão: O teste frio apresentou superioridade aos demais testes na maioria dos parâmetros avaliados, sendo considerado o mais eficaz ao avaliar o status pulpar.
Objective: To verify the effectiveness of thermal and electric pulp test to register the pulp status. Material and Methods: We tested 30 teeth indicated for endodontic treatment and unknown pulp status. The results were compared with the direct pulp inspection to determine the positive real numbers, false positive, true negative and false negative. Results: From the found values were established sensitivity (0.94), specificity (electric, heat and cold = 0.58 = 0.75), negative predictive value (electric and heat = 0.77, cold = 0,85), positive predictive value (electric and heat = 0.87, cold = 0.9) and accuracy (80% electric and heat, and cold 87%) of each test. Conclusion: The cold test showed superiority to other tests in most parameters assessed, and is considered the most effective in assessing the pulp status.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Microorganisms and their by-products in pulpal and periapical diseases are to be considered as the primary etiological agents of the pulpal necrosis and apical periodontitis. Enterococcus faecalis, which is the most common organism isolated from failed root canals, is a Gram-positive facultative anaerobe. Yeasts can be detected in 7-18% of infected root canals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Designed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antifungal efficacy of chlorhexidine gutta-percha (CHX-GP), and calcium hydroxide GP points against E. faecalis and Candida albicans. The test materials used are divided into 3 groups; Group A - Control, Regular GP, Group B - CHX-GP, Group C - Calcium hydroxide GP. Detail Method is explained in the article. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the inhibition of E. faecalis, in different materials at each time interval period (P < 0.05). Similarly, the inhibition of C. albicans in the different materials at each time period was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). Calcium hydroxide GP did not exhibit any antimicrobial effect on any of tested microorganisms for all the time periods. CONCLUSION: CHX-GP had the maximum effect on the test microorganisms, with the maximum efficacy on E. faecalis followed by C. albicans. Regular GP also had a significant efficacy on test microorganisms, with the maximum efficacy on E. faecalis followed by C. albicans. Calcium hydroxide GP did not have any effect on any test microorganisms during the entire test periods.