How does the consumer choose a restaurant? An overview of the determinants of consumer satisfaction.

The failure rate of restaurants is high in many countries, primarily because of the complex relationships between services and customers. Therefore, improving restaurant customer experience is a significant challenge for entrepreneurs. This multi-dimensional experience encompasses several aspects that may or may not be related to food consumption. Many restaurant owners can avoid bankruptcy if they understand theories of service quality and the factors involved. The objective of this research is to identify and summarize known important factors that lead consumers to choose, patronize or be satisfied with a restaurant. The research question for this review is: What are the important factors that influence consumers (population) to choose, patronize, or be satisfied with a restaurant  (outcome)? Therefore, we conducted an integrative review to address this question. We included 111 studies and identified 117 factors/indicators related to consumer satisfaction and restaurant choices. First, we grouped these factors into four categories based on the Big Four restaurant attributes: atmosphere, food, service, and price & value. Four categories emerged based on consumer- and business-related aspects: behavioral intentions, values and beliefs, experiences, and companies. The "food" category is the most important factor in consumer choice and experience. However, the importance of this category may vary depending on the situation (e.g., lunch, dinner, weekends, weekdays) and should be carefully considered, as all categories were relevant but intricate. Such factors are associated with many positive outcomes, such as satisfaction, loyalty, brand love, patronization, and intent to visit and revisit.

Evaluation of Community Restaurants Linked to Government Food and Nutrition Safety Programs: A Scope Review.

Community restaurants linked to government food and nutritional security programs are establishments created to offer meals to the population in socially vulnerable situations. The objective was to identify the methods, approaches, criteria, and indicators used to evaluate restaurants linked to government food and nutrition security programs. A scoping review based on the Joanna Briggs Institute's methodology and the international guide's recommendations of preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews was conducted. Medline databases via PubMed, Lilacs, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were used. Primary observational studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, ethnographies, documentary studies, and case studies were included, with a quantitative, qualitative, and/or mixed approach. A total of 2498 studies were identified. After taking out 180 duplicated articles, another 2202 articles were excluded by the title. Among the 71 studies selected for complete reading, 10 did not correlate with the research objective, and 12 were included after analyzing the references, totaling 73 included studies. In this review, evaluative approaches were mapped and systematized on the menu, food consumption, food health, food security and/or insecurity, nutritional education, and human right to adequate food; users' profile and health, implantation, history, perceptions, senses, and meanings; handlers/workers; hygienic-sanitary quality; evaluation and monitoring; physical-functional planning, and rest-intake. The presented data provide elements that can be adapted in future evaluations and describe the panorama of academic production in this area.

Characteristics of food establishments registered with a meal delivery app in Latin America.

Numerous studies have characterised the establishments registered with meal delivery apps (MDA) in several countries. However, little evidence is available regarding these platforms in Latin America (LA). The purpose of this study is to characterise food establishments registered with an MDA in nine LA cities. The establishments (n 3339) were characterised by the following keyword groups: 'Typical cuisine', 'Meat and fish', 'Snacks', 'Breakfast', 'Desserts' and 'Healthy'. In addition, we identified the marketing strategies present in the establishments' advertisements: photos, discounts and free delivery. Mexico City had the highest number of establishments registered with MDA (773), followed by Bogotá (655), Buenos Aires (567) and São Paulo (454). There is a direct relationship between the number of inhabitants of the cities and the number of the registered establishments. 'Snacks' was the keyword group most used by establishments in five of the nine cities. Establishments in two cities were most often characterised by the terms 'Typical cuisine' (Mexico City and Santiago de Chile) and 'Meats and fish' (Quito and San Jose). Photos were present in the advertisements of at least 84·0 % of the establishments. In addition, at least 40 % of establishments in Montevideo, Bogotá, São Paulo, Lima and Santiago de Chile offered discounts. Free delivery was present in at least 50 % of establishments in Quito, San Jose, Mexico City, Santiago de Chile and Lima. Photos were also the most common marketing strategy used by the establishments classified in all groups of keywords, while free delivery and discounts differed among them.

Irregularidades registradas durante inspeções sanitárias em restaurantes e similares / Irregularities recorded during sanitary inspections in restaurants and similar

Identificar irregularidades em restaurantes pode auxiliar a minimizar riscos de contaminação. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar as irregularidades registradas em inspeções sanitárias de restaurantes e similares em Curitiba, Brasil, entre 2005 a 2017. A descrição das irregularidades foi organizada seguindo as categorias e os itens da legislação de Boas Práticas (BP) para serviços de alimentação do Brasil e as cinco chaves para uma alimentação mais segura, definidas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Do total de 4.098 registros, houve a descrição de 8.327 irregularidades. Em relação às BP, houve a prevalência da descrição de irregularidades nos anos de 2005, 2006 e 2013, e das categorias: edificações, instalações, equipamentos, móveis e utensílios (42,80%); preparação do alimento (11,54%); documentação e registro (9,92%) e matéria-prima, ingredientes e embalagens (9,06%). Em relação às cinco chaves para uma alimentação mais segura, apenas 3.209 (38,53%) descrições correspondiam a esse tema, com destaque a: manter a limpeza (40,70%) e usar água e matérias-primas seguras (34,71%). Houve uma tendência decrescente na descrição das irregularidades no período estudado, porém ainda é um desafio implementar as BP em restaurantes e similares no Brasil, o que pode favorecer a ocorrência de doenças e aumentar o risco à saúde da população.

Identifying irregularities in restaurants can help minimize contamination risks. The objective of this study was to analyze the irregularities recorded in sanitary inspections of restaurants and similar establishments in Curitiba, Brazil, between 2005 and 2017. The description of the irregularities was categorized following the items and criteria outlined in the Good Practices (GP) legislation for food services of Brazil and the Five Keys to Safer Food, defined by the World Health Organization. Out of the total of 4,098 records, 8,327 irregularities were documented. Concerning GP, there was a prevalence of irregularities described in the years 2005, 2006 and 2013, mainly in the following categories: buildings, installations, equipment, furniture and utensils (42.80%); food preparation (11.54%); documentation and registration (9.92%) and raw materials, ingredients and packaging (9.06%). Regarding the Five Keys to Safer Food, only 3,209 (38.53%) corresponded to this theme, with particular emphasis on maintaining cleanliness (40.70%) and using safe water and raw materials (34.71 %). The study observed a declining trend in the description of irregularities over the study period. However, the successful implementation of GP in restaurants and similar establishments in Brazil remains a challenge, potentially favoring the occurrence of foodborne diseases and increasing the risk to public health.

Alimentação fora do lar: análise do ambiente alimentar de shopping centers de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil / Eating away from home: analysis of the food environment of shopping malls in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil / Alimentación fuera del hogar: análisis del entorno alimentario de los centros comerciales de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil

Objetivo: Caracterizar o ambiente alimentar dos shopping centersde Campo Grande/MS, tendo em vista, a relevância de analisar os produtos que estão disponíveis a este público bem como sua qualidade nutricional. Método: Foram avaliados 124 Unidades de Produção de Refeições (UPR) nos shopping centers, por observação direta do cardápio, bufê ou fachada. Para coleta de dados foi utilizado o instrumento NutritionEnvironmentMeasuresSurveyRestaurants (NEMS-R). As variáveis coletadas a partir do referido instrumento foram tipos de unidades, sistema de gestão, serviços de mesa, tipos de alimentos e bebidas disponíveis, facilitadores e barreiras ao consumo de alimentos saudáveis. Resultados: Foram encontrados 29,0% de restaurantes àla carte; 8,1% de restaurantes tipo autosserviço; 36,3% de lanchonetes e 26,6% dos demais (bares, sorveterias, carrinhos/quiosques). Em relação aos tipos de gestão 77,4% são franquias. Entre os alimentos mais comercializados destaca-se as bebidas açucaradas, acessível em 79,8% das unidades e doces/sobremesas em 50,0%. Grande parte das unidades avaliadas não apresenta facilitadores para a alimentação saudável, sendo que mais de 90,0% das unidades não ofereceram opções de porções reduzidas, trocas saudáveis e opções saudáveis para crianças. A maior barreira encontrada foi a oferta de porções maiores por um pequeno acréscimo de preço (63,7%). Conclusão: O ambiente alimentar encontrado pode dificultar o acesso aos alimentos saudáveis. Assim, sugere-se que políticas públicas de segurança alimentar e nutricional, sejam implementadas, de forma a promover o maior acesso aos alimentos saudáveis que contribuem para a melhoria da qualidade de vida da população.

Objective: To characterize the food environment of shopping centers in Campo Grande/MS, in view the relevance of analyzing the products that are available to this public as well as their nutritional quality. Method: A total of 124 restaurants were evaluated in the shopping malls, by direct observation of the menu, buffet orfacade. For date collection was used the instrument Nutrition Environment Measures Survey Restaurants (NEMS-R). The variables collected were types of units, management system, table services, types of food and drinks available, facilitators and barriers to healthy food consumption. Results: 29.0% of the evaluated restaurants were à la carte; 8.1% self- service; 36.3% snack bars and 26.6% were bars, ice cream parlors or stands/kiosks. Regarding the types of management, 77.4% were franchises. Among the most commercialized foods, sugary drinks stand out, accessible in 79.8% of the units and sweets / desserts in 50.0%. Most of the units evaluated do not have facilitators for healthy eating, and more than 90.0% of the units did not offer reduced portion options, healthy exchanges and healthy options for children. The biggest barrier found was the offer of larger portions for a small price increase (63.7%). Conclusion: The food environment found may hinder access to healthy foods. Thus, it is suggested that public policies for food and nutritional security be implemented in order to promote greater access to healthy foods that contribute to improving the population's quality of life.

Objetivo: Caracterizar el entorno alimentario de los centros comerciales de Campo Grande/MS, considerando la relevancia de analizar los productos que están disponibles para este público así como su calidad nutricional. Método: Se evaluaron 124 unidades de producción de comidas (RPU) en centros comerciales mediante la observación directa del menú, el buffet o la fachada. Para la recopilación de datos se utilizó el instrumento NutritionEnvironmentMeasuresSurveyRestaurants (NEMS-R). Las variables cotejadas a partir del referido instrumento fueron los tipos de unidades, el sistema de gestión, los servicios de mesa, los tipos de alimentos y bebidas disponibles, los facilitadores y las barreras al consumo de alimentos sanos. Resultados: Se encontraron un 29,0% de restaurantes a la carta; un 8,1% de restaurantes tipo autoservicio; un 36,3% de bares y un 26,6% de los demás (bares, sorterías, carrinhos/quioscos). En cuanto a los tipos de gestión, el 77,4% son franquicias. Entre los alimentos más vendidos destacan las bebidas azucaradas, accesibles en el 79,8% de las unidades y los dulces/postres en el 50,0%. La mayoría de las unidades evaluadas no presentan facilitadores para una alimentación saludable, y más del 90,0% de las unidades no ofrecen opciones de porciones reducidas, intercambios saludables y opciones saludables para los niños. La mayor barrera encontrada fue la oferta de porciones más grandes por un pequeño aumento de precio (63,7%). Conclusión: El entorno alimentario encontrado puede dificultar el acceso a alimentos saludables. Por ello, se sugiere que se implementen políticas públicas de seguridad alimentaria y nutricional, para promover un mayor acceso a alimentos saludables que contribuyan a mejorar la calidad de vida de la población.

Inovações para a promoção do acesso aos alimentos por meio de organizações da Sociedade Civil no Brasil / Innovations to guarantee access to food through civil society organizations in Brazil

Introdução e objetivo: O artigo busca atualizar as informações sobre a atuação das organizações da sociedade civil no atendimento à demanda emergencial por alimentos. Discussão: Nos anos recentes o Brasil viveu um verdadeiro desmonte das políticas públicas de combate à fome que se deu em combinação com a crise sanitária provocada pela pandemia. A mobilização da sociedade procurou restaurar de forma precária uma rede de proteção social evitando uma situação ainda mais grave. Nesse contexto surgiram interessantes iniciativas na operação dos Bancos de Alimentos, Cozinhas Solidárias, Restaurantes Populares e na conexão mais direta entre agricultores familiares e consumidores urbanos pelo uso de aplicativos. Conclusão: O artigo reforça a responsabilidade e o importante papel das organizações da sociedade na Política de Segurança Alimentar. (AU)

Introduction and objective: The article seeks to update information on the performance of civil society organizations in meeting the emergency demand for food. Discussion: In recent years, Brazil has experienced a real dismantling of public policies to combat hunger that occurred in combination with the health crisis caused by the pandemic. The mobilization of society sought to restore a social protection network in a precarious way, avoiding an even more serious situation. In this context, interesting initiatives emerged in the operation of Food Banks, Solidarity Kitchens, Popular Restaurants and in the more direct connection between family farmers and urban consumers through the use of mobile applications. Conclusion: The article reinforces the responsibility and the important role of civil society organizations in the Food Security and Nutrition Policy. (AU)

Obesity among government-backed economy restaurant workers in Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

Introduction: This food service sector produces nutritionally balanced meals and its workers eat their meals in this environment. Since they work with nutritionally adequate meals, would these workers have a lower prevalence of obesity? Objectives: The present study aimed to describe the prevalence of obesity among government-backed economy restaurant workers in a Brazilian state capital with analysis of sociodemographic and occupational factors and associated health factors. Methods: Two hundred and fifteen (215) workers from four government-backed economy restaurants operating in the city of Belo Horizonte were evaluated. Only workers who were active during the study period were eligible for the analysis. Anthropometric data were collected for investigation in relation to sociodemographic variables and work and health conditions. Results: The sample of government-backed economy restaurant workers was 37.2% female and had a mean age of 41.9 ± 10.9 years. Based on body mass index, we found that one third of the workers were obese. Obesity was more prevalent among women, workers who were dissatisfied with their bodies, workers who mainly perform tasks in a sitting position, and workers who perform strenuous tasks. Obese people have difficulties performing physical movements, classify their tasks as arduous, and opt for more sedentary tasks. Conclusions: Three out of 10 workers in the government-backed economy restaurants were obese. Programs and actions aimed at prevention and control of obesity are needed in this sector in order to improve the physical and mental capacities of its workers, avoiding attrition of the workforce and major health problems.

Why do kitchen workers not practice what they learn about food safety?

The level of contamination of food produced in commercial restaurants is directly related to the quality of training provided to kitchen workers. Leaders, who are responsible for food safety training, face the obstacle of food safety practices (FSP) daily application. However, noncompliance with FSP permeates both the problematization about training, and other influential elements in the kitchen environments. This study aims to characterize the current training in FSP, discuss the reasons that lead to noncompliance with FSP by kitchen workers in commercial restaurants, and indicate possible ways for improvements in food safety in this field. Twenty-one professionals' interviews were analyzed according to Bardin's content analysis method. The analyzes were carried out from three groups: legislators/entities, teachers and agents of practice (all professionals directly involved in daily food preparation). Sociological concepts described by Pierre Bourdieu and Michel Foucault grounded the exploration of the social aspects. The current training is characterized by the ineffectiveness of the application methods and content offered, the type of approach used by the nutritionist or leader responsible for its effectiveness, and leadership assumptions about the knowledge of FSP by kitchen workers. Forty-seven reasons for noncompliance with sanitary regulations were identified. Unprepared leadership and the perception of an absence of constant surveillance of kitchen workers stood out as the first and second most cited reasons. The multiplicity of factors indicates this theme's complexity and shows that every person involved in commercial restaurants needs to be responsible for FSP. Addressing the challenges using the possible pathways of food safety could potentially improve compliance withfood safety practices.

Food services in times of uncertainty: Remodeling operations, changing trends, and looking into perspectives after the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Social distancing and the economic downturn imposed by COVID-19 have significantly affected the food service segment. Therefore, operation recovery and adapting to a new reality must be achieved as quickly and efficiently as possible. Studies on this topic, which have been conceptualized in various parts of the world, have brought new ideas to light to mitigate the negative effects of COVID-19 on food service. SCOPE AND APPROACH: This study aimed to discuss the impact of COVID-19 on food service operations, changes in pre-existing trends, and post-pandemic perspectives. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 has changed all business segments. When dining rooms were forced to close, many food services had to resort to innovation to survive, and many added deliveries and/or adopted the dark kitchen models in one of their many forms. It is expected that the demand for delivery, dark kitchens, and the adoption of technological solutions, for example, contactless payment, will remain in the post-pandemic scenario. Food quality control measures have become more strictly enforced, not only to prevent SARS-CoV-2 contamination but also to increase credibility with the customer. These long-established food safety practices have returned to the spotlight, been revised, and should be maintained for well into the post-pandemic period. Restaurants are operating again and restrictions on opening hours and capacity have been relaxed or eliminated. Continued studies on this topic are important for supporting creative and scientifically based solutions for socio-economic recovery.

Evaluation of quality of the children's menu in mall's restaurants / Avaliação da qualidade do menu infantil em restaurantes de shopping centers

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the quality of children's menus in restaurants located in shopping malls. Methods: To select the sample, restaurants from 30% of shopping malls in each region of the city of São Paulo were included and, after considering only one restaurant per chain, the total was limited to 151 restaurants, 30.2% of which (n=35) presented a children's menu. Data were collected through a form on Google Forms. Results: Of the restaurants with children's menu, 60% (n=21) were conventional restaurants and 40% (n=14) takeaway/fast-food. The large number of chains present in most visited malls showed a democratization of the way of eating, with popular and accessible menus, regardless of social status. Most of the analyzed foods were cooked (41.5%). Most preparations did not use grease in their preparation and there was a notable lack of fruit and vegetables (FV) (4%). Sweet desserts were offered in 11.4% of the places and 20% included gifts with meals. Conclusions: The scarce offer of children's menus, few options and low FV offer indicate the need for a new look at the development of children's menus and a greater integration between the possibilities of restaurants and the expectations of parents and children, in the challenge of integrating the relationship between the supply of new foods that promote healthier habits and their consumption.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade dos menus infantis de restaurantes localizados em shopping centers. Métodos: Para a seleção da amostra foram incluídos os restaurantes de 30% dos shopping centers de cada região da cidade de São Paulo e, após considerar-se somente um restaurante por rede, o total ficou limitado a 151 restaurantes, dos quais 30,2% (n=35) apresentaram cardápio infantil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um formulário no Google Forms. Resultados: Dos restaurantes com menu infantil, 60% (n=21) eram convencionais e 40% (n=14) eram de takeaway/fast-food. O grande número de redes presente na maioria dos shopping centers visitados mostrou a democratização da forma de comer, com cardápios populares e acessíveis, independentemente de classe social. A maior parte dos alimentos analisados era cozida (41,5%). A maioria das preparações não utilizava gordura em seu preparo e foi notável a falta da oferta de frutas, legumes e verduras (FLV) (4%). Sobremesas doces eram oferecidas em 11,4% dos locais e 20% incluíam brindes com as refeições. Conclusões: A escassa oferta de menus infantis, as poucas opções e a baixa oferta de FLV indicam a necessidade de um novo olhar no desenvolvimento de cardápios infantis e de um maior entrosamento entre as possibilidades dos restaurantes e as expectativas de pais e crianças, no desafio de integrar a relação entre a oferta de novos alimentos, que promovam hábitos mais saudáveis, e o seu consumo.

Evaluación higiénico-sanitaria de restaurantes vinculados a la actividad turística / Hygienic-sanitary evaluation of restaurants linked to tourist activity

RESUMEN Introducción: en los servicios gastronómicos, la garantía higiénico-sanitaria es vital para su funcionamiento, dada la incidencia directa en la salud de los consumidores. Objetivo: diagnosticar la situación higiénico-sanitaria de restaurantes asociados a la actividad turística en el balneario de Varadero. Materiales y métodos: se evaluaron 33 restaurantes en operación, mediante 10 dimensiones compuestas por 116 indicadores, integrados en el Índice Global de Cumplimiento de los Prerrequisitos Sanitarios. La valoración del cumplimiento por dimensiones se llevó a cabo mediante la matriz importancia-cumplimiento, identificándose por el método combinatorio la existencia de clústeres. Se estableció la relación de los resultados con la capacitación de los recursos humanos y la forma de administración de las entidades. Resultados: se evidenció un elevado cumplimiento de los indicadores evaluados (87 %). Aunque se hallaron deficiencias higiénico-sanitarias en un alto porcentaje de restaurantes, el 67 % requiere de una atención inmediata. Se determinó una relación moderadamente fuerte entre el nivel de gestión de la inocuidad, la capacitación de los recursos humanos y la forma de gestión. Conclusiones: las dimensiones almacenamiento en seco y abastecimiento de agua presentaron un comportamiento adecuado. Las mayores deficiencias se asociaron a las dimensiones control de vectores, elaboración de alimentos y mantenimiento. Son necesarios la capacitación del personal vinculado a la actividad gastronómica y el incremento, en el sector privado, de las inspecciones sanitarias con un mínimo de requisitos predefinidos que avalen la operación gastronómica (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: the hygiene-sanitary guarantee is vital for the functioning of the gastronomic services, given the direct impact on the health of consumers. Objective: to diagnose the hygienic-sanitary situation of restaurants associated with tourist activity at Varadero resort. Materials and methods: 33 restaurants in operation were evaluated, using 10 dimensions composed of 116 indicators, integrated in the Global Index of Compliance with Health Prerequisites. The assessment of compliance by dimensions was carried out using the importance-compliance matrix, identifying the existence of clusters by the combinatorial method. The relationship of results with human resources training and entity management was established. Results: it was evidenced high compliance with the indicators assessed (87%). Although hygienic-sanitary deficiencies were found in a high percentage of restaurants, 67% of them, require immediate attention. A moderately strong relationship was identified between the level of food safety management, the training of human resources and the form of management. Conclusions: the dry storage and water supply dimensions had an adequate performance. The greatest deficiencies were associated with vector control, food processing and maintenance dimensions. The training of the staff linked to gastronomic activity is necessary and also the increase, in the private sector, of health inspections with a minimum of predefined requirements that endorse the gastronomic operation (AU).

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Brazilian Community Restaurants for the Dimension of Low-Income People Access to Food.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of community restaurants (CRs), managed by the Government of the State of Bahia/Brazil, for the dimension of access to food. The study used secondary data obtained from the public opinion survey Profile of users of community restaurants in Salvador. The nutritional information was accessed through the analysis of CRs' menus. Adequate effectiveness of access to food was considered when the CR served meals to 50% to 70% of the users considered the target audience (individuals served by the two CRs located in the city of Salvador/Bahia/Brazil). The participants (n = 1464; 778 as low-income individuals) were adult CR users from Salvador/Brazil. Most of the respondents were male, 40 to 54 years old, not white, had up to 9 years of formal education, without a partner, and living in the municipality of Salvador. The evaluated CRs are effective in serving 53.1% of the target population in their total service capacity. Meal provision only reached an estimated 0.7% of the socially vulnerable community in the district. The average energy value of the meal served by the CR units was 853.05 kcal/meal, with a mean energy density composition classified as average (1.15 kcal/g). The effectiveness of the evaluated community restaurants showed that these instruments were minimally effective in promoting access to food for the low-income population within their total daily service capacity, and the current quantity of these facilities was insufficient. However, these instruments stand out in the fundamental role of promoting the daily distribution of meals to the Brazilian population with the highest social vulnerability levels.

Assédio moral na cozinha: prevalência em trabalhadores da gastronomia em restaurantes comerciais / Harassment in the kitchen: prevalence in gastronomy workers in commercial restaurants / Acoso moral en la cocina: prevalencia en trabajadores de la gastronomía en restaurantes comerciales

Há crescente interesse sobre o comportamento abusivo sofrido por trabalhadores nas cozinhas de restaurantes comerciais, uma vez que agressões físicas e verbais parecem ser comuns neste contexto laboral. Este estudo objetivou identificar a prevalência do assédio moral e descrever as características das situações em que ele ocorre entre trabalhadores da gastronomia. Participaram do estudo 160 indivíduos com graduação em gastronomia, sendo que 95 eram do sexo feminino (59,4%), com idade média de 30,81 anos (DP = 8,34). Os mesmos responderam ao Questionário Biossociodemográfico e Laboral e ao Questionário de Atos Negativos, cujos dados foram analisados descritivamente. Os resultados indicaram elevados índices de prevalência de assédio moral (63,1%) e de violência psicológica (33,8%), que alertam sobre a importância de divulgar informações sobre o assédio moral e seus prejuízos, visando a uma maneira mais saudável de gerenciar e trabalhar na cozinha.

Great interest in abusive behavior suffered by workers in commercial restaurant kitchens was observed. In this work context, verbal and physical aggression seems to be common. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of moral harassment and describe the characteristics of the situations in which it occurs among gastronomy workers. Participants were 160 individuals undergraduate in gastronomy and 95 were female (59.4%), that have an average age of 30.81 years (SD = 8.34). The participants answered the Biosociodemographic and Labor Questionnaire and the Negative Acts Questionnaire, whose data were analyzed descriptively. The results indicated high prevalence rates of moral harassment (63.1%) and psychological violence (33.8%), which warn the importance of disclosing information about bullying and its harms, aiming at a healthier way to manage and work in the kitchen.

Una creciente preocupación por el comportamiento abusivo que sufren los trabajadores en las cocinas de restaurantes comerciales ha sido observada. Esta agresión puede ser verbal o física y parece ser común en este contexto laboral. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar la prevalencia del bullying y describir las características de las situaciones en las que ocurre entre los trabajadores de la gastronomía. Los participantes fueron 160 individuos con un título en gastronomía, de los cuales 95 eran mujeres (59.4%), con una edad promedio de 30.81 años (DE = 8.34). Los participantes respondieron el Cuestionario Biosociodemográfico y Laboral y el Cuestionario de Actos Negativos, cuyos datos fueron analizados descriptivamente. Los resultados indicaron altas tasas de prevalencia de acoso moral (63.1%) y violencia psicológica (33.8%), que advierten sobre la importancia de divulgar información sobre el acoso y sus daños, con el objetivo de una forma más saludable de manejar y trabajar en la cocina.

Food Insecurity among Low-Income Food Handlers: A Nationwide Study in Brazilian Community Restaurants.

This study aims to evaluate food insecurity (FI) among Brazilian Community restaurant food handlers and its associated factors. This cross-sectional study was performed with a representative sample of 471 food handlers working in community restaurants (CR) from all Brazilian regions. Participants are mostly female (62.2%), ≤40 years old (67.7%), with a partner (52.0%), and with up to eight years of education (54.1%). Predictors of participants' socioeconomic status and CR geographic location are associated with the household food insecurity categories (p < 0.05). The predictors of socioeconomic conditions are associated with mild and moderate/severe FI category. Workers with less education are twice as likely to belong to the category with the highest FI severity. Lower per capita household income increased the chances of belonging to the mild insecurity category by 86%. It more than doubled the chance to be in the category of moderate/severe insecurity. Predictors of health status, lifestyle, and work are not associated with any multinomial outcome categories. However, working in the South, Southeast, or Midwest regions of Brazilian decreased the chances of belonging to one of the FI categories, with significance only for the mild category. Variables that show an association for this population are per capita household income for the different levels of FI and the CR region for mild FI. A high prevalence of FI in this population points to the need for more studies with low-income workers to prevent FI and its health consequences.

Characterization, Nutrient Intake, and Nutritional Status of Low-Income Students Attending a Brazilian University Restaurant.

In Brazilian universities, the university restaurant (UR) is essential in supporting students to complete their courses, as the UR offers free or low-cost food. In this sense, this research aimed to evaluate public policy effectiveness in offering food to low-income students attending the UR of the University of Brasília. This cross-sectional study compared low-income students (participating in the Student Assistance Program-Group 1) and students that did not participate in the Program (Group 2). Researchers assessed food consumption through direct observation of students while serving their plates at UR (in all meals consumed at UR) and completed food consumption with diet recalls for the meals outside the UR. In total, three complete days, including one weekend day, were evaluated for each student. Researchers also evaluated the participants' body mass composition and body fat percentage. The results of the comparisons between the evaluated groups showed that the groups presented similar intakes. Only sodium intake was significantly different for males, being higher for Group 1. The median sodium consumption among females and males in group 1 was 55% and 119%, respectively, above the upper limit (UL). In Group 2, sodium intake levels reached consumption percentages above UL by 36% for females and 79% for males. The prevalence of inadequate sodium consumption was 100% for both genders and groups. Extra salt was added to dishes by 19.7% of the students. For females, only fiber ingestion was statistically different, with higher intake for Group 1. The other evaluated parameters showed similarities among groups for each gender. The statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in the consumption of calories, fibers, sodium, iron, and calcium for the students who had three meals at the UR in the two weekdays. There was a statistical difference in nutrients for those who had three meals in the UR, reinforcing the importance of the UR's meals. The current food and nutrition policy at the UR proved to be extremely important in university students' lives and in maintaining healthy nutritional aspects. However, changes in sodium use, more calcium intake, and less cholesterol consumption should receive attention to better balance dietary elements of the food offered. Dish preparation should be carefully followed to ensure the quality of the food for university students.

Boas práticas de fabricação de alimentos no contexto da Covid-19 / Good food manufacturingpractices in the Covid-19 context

Introdução: Após o início da pandemia ocasionada pelo novo coronavírus, o mundo se deparou com a necessidade do isolamento social. Todos os serviços não considerados essenciais tiveram a orientação de permanecerem fechados por tempo indeterminado. Nesse cenário, os serviços de alimentação puderam continuar funcionando, porém, com uma gama de alterações em suas rotinas e nas boas práticas de fabricação. Objetivo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as principais mudanças ocorridas nas boas práticas de fabricação de Unidades de Alimentação, após o início da pandemia do novo coronavírus. Método: Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo, com produção de dados por meio de entrevistas on-line, com gestores de Unidades de Alimentação. O questionário utilizado foi desenvolvido especialmente para este projeto, sendo segmentado em três etapas: dados pessoais, dados da unidade e alterações realizadas devido à pandemia. Resultado: Ao total, a pesquisa obteve 70 respostas, provenientes de profissionais que atuam na cidade de Curitiba- PR. Dentre as medidas mais citadas, destaca-se a aquisição de novos equipamentos de proteção, redução da capacidade do refeitório e aumento no uso de produtos de limpeza e álcool em gel. Conclusão: O fortalecimento das boas práticas e a implantação de medidas de segurança adicionais podem contribuir para a redução da transmissão do novo coronavírus, mas é fundamental que os profissionais adotem unicamente medidas baseadas nas legislações vigentes e nas orientações dos principais órgãos de saúde, a fim de evitar a disseminação de informações dúbias e errôneas

Introduction: After the start of the pandemic caused by the new coronavirus, the world was faced with the need for social isolation. All services not considered essential were instructed to remain indefinitelyclosed. In this scenario, food services were able to continue working, however, with a range of changes in their routines and good manufacturing practices. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the main changes that occurred in the good manufacturing practices of Food Units, after the beginning of the new coronavirus pandemic. Method: A qualitative study was carried out, with data production through online interviews with managers of Food Units. The questionnaire used was developed especially for this project, being divided into three stages: personal data, unit data and changes made due to the pandemic. Result: In total, the survey obtained 70 responses, from professionals who work in the city of Curitiba, PR. Among the actions most often mentioned, we highlight the acquisition of new protective equipment, reduction of cafeteria capacity and increase in the use of cleaning products and alcohol gel. Conclusion: The development of good practices and the implementation of additional safety measures can contribute to reducing the transmission of the new coronavirus, but it is essential that professionals adopt only measures based on current legislation and guidelines of the top health organizations, in order to avoid the dissemination of dubious and erroneous information.

Avaliação da qualidade dos menus infantis em restaurantes comerciais a partir da nova classificação dos alimentos do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira / Quality assessment of children's menus served in commercial restaurants in view of the new food classification in the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population

Introdução: A prevalência da obesidade tem aumentado na população brasileira, com destaque no público infantil, associada principalmente a fatores comportamentais que levam a más escolhas alimentares. Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de menus infantis em restaurantes de shopping centers da Baixada Santista-SP e sua consonância com as recomendações do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira considerando a NOVA classificação dos alimentos. Método: O artigo é oriundo de um projeto de pesquisa desenvolvido por uma equipe multidisciplinar e interinstitutos, composta por pesquisadores do curso de Nutrição. Utilizou-se um questionário como instrumento de coleta de dados, aplicado em todos os shopping centers de quatro cidades da Baixada Santista ­ Santos, São Vicente, Praia Grande e Guarujá ­, com questões para caracterização e avaliação da qualidade dos menus infantis. O instrumento foi aplicado individual e simultaneamente por duas pesquisadoras, comparando seus respectivos aspectos nutricionais aos conceitos de alimentação saudável estabelecidos no Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira; posteriormente, os dados coletados foram transcritos para uma plataforma digital. Foram visitados 60 restaurantes distribuídos em quatro cidades, dos quais apenas 13% tinham a oferta de menu infantil. Resultados: De acordo com a caracterização dos restaurantes, identificou-se que 50% deles são de grandes redes, em sua maioria fast food. Algumas preparações classificadas como ultraprocessadas, como batatas fritas, hambúrgueres e empanados, são ofertadas em 87,5%, 62,5% e 87,5% dos restaurantes, respectivamente. Preparações que exigem técnicas de preparo mais específicas, como macarrões, foram encontradas em 37,5% dos restaurantes. A utilização de queijo como coberturas e recheios foi identificada em 100% dos restaurantes. Bebidas classificadas como ultraprocessadas foram ofertadas em 12,5% dos restaurantes. Conclusão: Foi possível identificar que não são exibidos os valores nutricionais e de alérgenos nas preparações. Observou-se que a qualidade dos menus infantis oferecidos nos restaurantes é limitada em relação à variedade dos alimentos e com grande oferta de alimentos ultraprocessados, estando em desacordo com as recomendações do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira.

Introduction: The prevalence of obesity has increased in the Brazilian population, especially in children, mainly associated with behavioral factors that lead to poor food choices. Objective: To evaluate the quality of children's menus in restaurants in shopping malls in Baixada Santista-SP and their consonance with the recommendations of the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population considering the NEW food classification. Method: The article comes from a research project developed by a multidisciplinary and inter-institute team, composed of researchers from the Nutrition course. A questionnaire was used as a data collection instrument, applied in all shopping malls in four cities in Baixada Santista region ­ Santos, São Vicente, Praia Grande and Guarujá cities­ with questions to characterize and assess the quality of children's menus. The instrument was applied individually and simultaneously by two researchers, comparing their respective nutritional aspects to the concepts of healthy eating established in the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population; later, the collected data were transcribed to a digital platform. Sixty restaurants distributed in four cities were visited, of which only 13% had a children's menu. Results: According to the characterization of restaurants, it was identified that 50% of them are from large chains, mostly fast food. Some preparations classified as ultra-processed, such as french fries, hamburgers and deep-fried, are offered in 87.5%, 62.5% and 87.5% of the restaurants, respectively. Preparations that require more specific techniques, such as pasta, were found in 37.5% of restaurants. The use of cheese as toppings and fillings was identified in 100% of the restaurants. Drinks classified as ultra-processed were offered in 12.5% of the restaurants. Conclusion: It was possible to identify that nutritional and allergen values are not displayed in the preparations. It was observed that the quality of children's menus offered in restaurants is limited in relation to the variety of foods and with a large offer of ultra-processed foods, in disagreement with the recommendations of the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population.

Evolution of out-of-home food consumption in Brazil in 2008-2009 and 2017-2018 / Evolução do consumo de alimentos fora do domicílio no Brasil de 2008-2009 a 2017-2018

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the evolution of out-of-home food consumption in Brazil in 2008-2018. METHODS We used the 2008-2009 and 2017-2018 data from the Inquéritos Nacionais de Alimentação (INA - National Food Surveys), conducted amid 34,003 and 46,164 individuals, to estimate the frequency of out-of-home food consumption and the contribution of this consumption to specific foods. Food consumption was analyzed using food records in the 2008-2009 INA and 24-hour recalls in 2017-2018. Estimates were generated for Brazil in general, for urban and rural areas, for age groups (adolescent, adult, elderly), and for income bracket. RESULTS The frequency of out-of-home consumption decreased by 8.8% between the two surveys, with no change in the rural area, in the Northeast and South regions, and for the lowest income brackets. We observed a slight increase among the elderly and in the Midwest region. The contribution of out-of-home food consumption to daily energy intake also decreased (16.3% vs. 12.7%), excepting the rural area, where there was a reduction in the difference in relation to the urban area between the two surveys. For most items evaluated, the out-of-home food consumption decreased. The most consumed out-of-home food were alcoholic beverages, fried and baked snacks, soft drinks, pizza, sweets, and sandwiches in both surveys. CONCLUSION In 10 years, the prevalence of food consumption and the percentage of contribution of out-of-home food decreased in Brazil, but ultra-processed foods still figure as the most consumed food group outside the home.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Descrever a evolução do consumo de alimentos fora do domicílio no Brasil no período 2008-2018. MÉTODOS Foram usados dados dos Inquéritos Nacionais de Alimentação (INA) de 2008-2009 e 2017-2018, realizados com 34.003 e 46.164 indivíduos, respectivamente, para estimar a frequência de consumo de alimentos fora de casa e a contribuição desse consumo para alimentos específicos. O consumo de alimentos foi investigado por meio de registros alimentares no INA 2008-2009 e de recordatórios 24 horas em 2017-2018. As estimativas foram geradas para o Brasil como um todo, para áreas urbana e rural, para faixas de idade (adolescente, adulto, idoso) e para faixas de renda. RESULTADOS A frequência de consumo fora de casa diminuiu 8,8% entre os dois inquéritos, sem alteração na área rural, nas regiões Nordeste e Sul e nas menores faixas de renda. Houve leve aumento entre idosos e na região Centro-Oeste. De modo geral, a contribuição do consumo alimentar fora de casa para a ingestão diária de energia também diminuiu (16,3% vs. 12,7%), com exceção da área rural, onde houve redução da diferença em relação à área urbana entre os dois inquéritos. O consumo de alimentos fora de casa foi reduzido para a maioria dos itens avaliados. Os alimentos mais consumidos fora de casa em ambos os inquéritos foram as bebidas alcoólicas, salgadinhos fritos e assados, refrigerantes, pizzas, doces e sanduíches. CONCLUSÃO Em 10 anos, a prevalência de consumo de alimentos e o percentual de contribuição dos alimentos consumidos fora de casa diminuíram no Brasil, mas os alimentos ultraprocessados ainda figuram como o grupo de alimento mais consumido fora de casa.

Ethnic Restaurant Nutrition Environments and Cardiovascular Health: Examining Hispanic Caribbean Restaurants in New York City.

Objective: To adapt and apply the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey for Restaurants (NEMS-R) to Hispanic Caribbean (HC) restaurants and examine associations between restaurant characteristics and nutrition environment measures. Methods: We adapted the NEMS-R for HC cuisines (Cuban, Puerto Rican, Dominican) and cardiovascular health-promoting factors, and applied the instrument (NEMS-HCR) to a random sample of HC restaurants in New York City (NYC) (N=89). Multivariable linear regression was used to assess independent associations between NEMS-HCR score and restaurant characteristics (cuisine, size, type [counter-style vs sit-down] and price). Results: None of the menus in the restaurants studied listed any main dishes as "healthy" or "light." More than half (52%) offered mostly (>75%) nonfried main dishes, and 76% offered at least one vegetarian option. The most common facilitator to healthy eating was offering reduced portion sizes (21%) and the most common barrier was having salt shakers on tables (40%). NEMS-HCR scores (100-point scale) ranged from 24.1-55.2 (mean=39.7). In multivariable analyses, scores were significantly related to cuisine (with Puerto Rican cuisine scoring lower than Cuban and Dominican cuisines), and size (with small [<22 seats] restaurants scoring lower than larger restaurants). We found a significant quadratic association with midpoint price, suggesting that scores increased with increasing price in the lowest price range, did not vary in the middle range, and decreased with increasing price in the highest range. Conclusions: Our application of the NEMS-R to HC restaurants in NYC revealed areas for potential future interventions to improve food offerings and environmental cues to encourage healthful choices.

Government-subsidized restaurants in Brazil: an evaluation within the framework of food and nutrition security / Restaurantes populares brasileiros: avaliação no âmbito da segurança alimentar e nutricional

ABSTRACT Objective The objective was to evaluate government-subsidized restaurants in southern Brazil according to current regulations and the National Food and Nutrition Security Policy. Methods An evaluation matrix was developed on the basis of a literature review, logic model, immersion in a government-subsidized restaurant, and workshops with experts in the field. The Government-Subsidized Restaurant Evaluation Matrix contemplates two dimensions: Political/Organizational, composed of the subdimensions Administration, Structure, and Target Groups; and Technical/Operational, composed of the subdimensions Meal Quality, Food and Nutrition Education, and Extended Social Support. Subdimensions comprised 24 indicators. Data were gathered through an online survey of the 35 government-subsidized restaurants operating in southern Brazil. Results Of the 35 government-subsidized restaurants in southern Brazil, 86% (n=30) participated in the study. Meal Quality and Administration received the highest score in 73% and 60% of government-subsidized restaurants, respectively, whereas Food and Nutrition Education and Extended Social Support received the lowest score in 47% and 40%, respectively. Conclusion Advances are needed in the understanding of government-subsidized restaurants as public facilities for ensuring food and nutrition security and the human right to adequate food.

RESUMO Objetivo O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os restaurantes populares da região Sul do Brasil utilizando como parâmetros as diretrizes e normativas em vigor e a Política Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional. Métodos Avaliação do tipo normativa. Para isso, foi utilizada a Matriz Avaliativa elaborada por meio das seguintes etapas: revisão sistematizada; elaboração do Modelo Teórico-Lógico; processo de imersão em um restaurante popular e oficinas de consenso com especialistas na temática. A matriz avaliativa contempla duas dimensões: Político-Organizacional, organizada nas subdimensões Administração, Estrutura e Público Frequentador; e Técnico-Operacional, organizada nas subdimensões Alimentação Adequada, Educação Alimentar e Nutricional e Assistência Ampliada ao Público Frequentador. Foram elencados 24 indicadores, coletados por meio de questionário online respondido pelos gestores dos restaurantes. Resultados Dos 35 restaurantes existentes na região Sul, 86% (30) participaram da pesquisa. As subdimensões mais bem avaliadas foram Alimentação Adequada e Administração, com 70% e 63% dos restaurantes avaliados como "bom", respectivamente. As subdimensões com piores avaliações foram Educação Alimentar e Nutricional e Assistência Ampliada ao Usuário, com 47% e 40% dos restaurantes classificados como "ruim", respectivamente. Conclusão Destaca-se a boa avaliação dos itens referentes à administração, estrutura e ao processo de produção de refeições, em detrimento aos aspectos relacionados à garantia dos direitos dos usuários.