ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To compare sexual negotiation levels and self-efficacy in male condom use in men and women. METHODS: Comparative crosssectional study of undergraduate students carried out during the year 2018 in a private university in the city of Querétaro, Mexico. Non-probabilistic sampling was used. Measured variables included sociodemographic characteristics, risky sexual behaviors, negotiation skills and sexual self-efficacy for condom use. The Mann Whitney U test and non-parametric variance analysis (Kruskal - Wallis) were used. RESULTS: Overall, 270 students were enrolled; 89.6% of university students were sexually active; the mean age of sexual activity initiation was 15.41 years. The average reported number of sexual partners was 4.2. In each sexual relation, 27.8% had used a condom. Differences were found between men and women in terms of sexual negotiation styles in the avoidance (p=0.04) and accommodation (p<0.00) domains, with higher scores for men compared to women. Women scored higher for self-efficacy in condom use (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The young university students interviewed engage in risky sexual activities. Women exhibit greater sexual self-efficacy as well as better skills at negotiating condom use. Strengthening public policies targeted to the student population for the prevention of risky sexual behavior is needed. Further studies on interventions aimed at building strong sexual negotiation and self-efficacy among adolescents are required.
TITULO: DIFERENCIAS EN LOS ESTILOS DE NEGOCIACIÓN SEXUAL Y AUTOEFICACIA EN EL USO DEL CONDÓN EN HOMBRES Y MUJERES UNIVERSITARIOS DE QUERÉTARO, MÉXICO, 2018. OBJETIVO: comparar los niveles de negociación sexual y autoeficacia en el uso del condón masculino en hombres y mujeres. METODOS: estudio transversal de tipo comparativo en el que se incluyeron estudiantes de licenciatura de una universidad privada de la ciudad de Querétaro, México, durante el año 2018. Muestreo no probabilístico. Se midieron: características sociodemográficas, conductas sexuales de riesgo, habilidades de negociación y autoeficacia sexual para uso de condón. Se compararon los grupos mediante la prueba U de Mann Whitney y el análisis de varianza no paramétrico (Kruskal-Wallis). RESULTADOS: ingresaron 270 estudiantes, el 89,6 % de los universitarios tiene vida sexual activa, la edad promedio de inicio de vida sexual es a los 15,41 años; el promedio de parejas sexuales reportado es de 4,2. El 27,8 % ha usado condón en cada relación sexual. Se encontraron diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en los estilos de negociación sexual en los dominios de evitación (p = 0,04) y acomodación (p < 0,00), con puntajes más altos para los hombres en comparación con las mujeres. Respecto a la autoeficacia en el uso del condón, las mujeres son quienes puntúan más alto (p < 0,001). CONCLUSIONES: los jóvenes universitarios entrevistados tienen conductas sexuales de riesgo. Se requiere fortalecer las políticas públicas que faciliten la prevención de la conducta sexual de riesgo dirigidas a la población estudiantil. Es necesario realizar más estudios sobre intervenciones que fortalezcan las habilidades de negociación y la autoeficacia sexual en adolescentes.
Subject(s)
Condoms , Interpersonal Relations , Persuasive Communication , Sexual Behavior , Sexual Partners/psychology , Students/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Humans , Male , Mexico , Safe Sex/psychology , Self Efficacy , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control , Universities , Unsafe Sex/psychology , Young AdultABSTRACT
RESUMEN Objetivo: comparar los niveles de negociación sexual y autoeficacia en el uso del condón masculino en hombres y mujeres. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal de tipo comparativo en el que se incluyeron estudiantes de licenciatura de una universidad privada de la ciudad de Querétaro, México, durante el año 2018. Mues- treo no probabilístico. Se midieron: características sociodemográficas, conductas sexuales de riesgo, habilidades de negociación y autoeficacia sexual para uso de condón. Se compararon los grupos mediante la prueba U de Mann Whitney y el análisis de varianza no paramétrico (Kruskal-Wallis). Resultados: ingresaron 270 estudiantes, el 89,6 % de los universitarios tiene vida sexual activa, la edad promedio de inicio de vida sexual es a los 15,41 años; el promedio de parejas sexuales reportado es de 4,2. El 27,8 % ha usado condón en cada relación sexual. Se encontraron diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en los estilos de negociación sexual en los dominios de evitación (p = 0,04) y acomodación (p < 0,00), con puntajes más altos para los hombres en comparación con las mujeres. Respecto a la autoeficacia en el uso del condón, las mujeres son quienes puntúan más alto (p < 0,001). Conclusiones: los jóvenes universitarios entrevistados tienen conductas sexuales de riesgo. Se requiere fortalecer las políticas públicas que faciliten la prevención de la conducta sexual de riesgo dirigidas a la población estudiantil. Es necesario realizar más estudios sobre intervenciones que fortalezcan las habilidades de negociación y la autoeficacia sexual en adolescentes.
ABSTRACT Objective: To compare sexual negotiation levels and self-efficacy in male condom use in men and women. Materials and methods: Comparative cross-sectional study of undergraduate students carried out during the year 2018 in a private university in the city of Querétaro, Mexico. Non-probabilistic sampling was used. Measured variables included sociodemographic characteristics, risky sexual behaviors, negotiation skills and sexual self-efficacy for condom use. The Mann Whitney U test and non-parametric variance analysis (Kruskal - Wallis) were used. Results: Overall, 270 students were enrolled; 89.6% of university students were sexually active; the mean age of sexual activity initiation was 15.41 years. The average reported number of sexual partners was 4.2. In each sexual relation, 27.8% had used a condom. Differences were found between men and women in terms of sexual negotiation styles in the avoidance (p=0.04) and accommodation (p<0.00) domains, with higher scores for men compared to women. Women scored higher for self-efficacy in condom use (p<0.001). Conclusions: The young university students interviewed engage in risky sexual activities. Women exhibit greater sexual self-efficacy as well as better skills at negotiating condom use. Strengthening public policies targeted to the student population for the prevention of risky sexual behavior is needed. Further studies on interventions aimed at building strong sexual negotiation and self-efficacy among adolescents are required.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Sexual Behavior , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Condoms , Self Efficacy , MexicoABSTRACT
Este artigo aborda a temática da coerção sexual a partir de dados coletados, entre os anos de 2001 e 2002, pelo inquérito populacional realizado em três capitais brasileiras (Rio de Janeiro, Salvador e Porto Alegre), na etapa quantitativa da pesquisa Gravidez na adolescência: estudo multicêntrico sobre jovens, sexualidade e reprodução no Brasil (GRAVAD). Os resultados aqui apresentados se referem às perguntas do questionário de entrevistas que contemplaram aspectos das práticas de negociação em torno do sexo, as experiências passíveis de serem identificadas como coerção sexual e valores sexuais dos jovens entrevistados. Os informantes eram homens e mulheres, entre 18 e 24 anos. A análise do material aponta a importância dos contextos específicos de interação e das dinâmicas e convenções locais de interação sexual entre os gêneros na configuração de determinados comportamentos enquanto formas de sexo forçado. Busca-se assim relativizar a noção positivada de violência presente em parte da literatura internacional sobre o tema.
This article discusses sexual coercion based on a population survey data, collected between 2001 and 2002, in three Brazilian capitals (Rio de Janeiro, Salvador e Porto Alegre) - Gravad Research. The results presented refer to questions about aspects of sexual negotiation, taken as possible experiences to be identified as sexual coercion, as well as youth values and opinions concerned to sexuality. The interviews were applied to males and females aged 18-24. Analysis of the empirical data points to the importance of specific scripts and to local dynamics and beliefs in the sexual interaction between genders in terms of identifying some behaviors as ways of forced sex. We aim to relativize the notion of violence that is much present in great part of the international literature about this theme.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Coercion , Conflict, Psychological , Negotiating , Sex Offenses , Brazil , Interpersonal Relations , Urban Population , Young AdultABSTRACT
Sexual negotiation has been proved to be one of the most effective prevention strategies for managing the conflicts related with sexual safe practice and to help women to protect themselves from contracting HIV/AIDS. Self-efficacy is a main concept in Social Cognitive Theory (SCT); it constitutes a mediator variable during sexual negotiation. The objective of this study was to explore self efficacy perception in a group of Puerto Rican women (N=110). We administered the Self-Efficacy Scale. Women perceived themselves with lower levels of self efficacy when negotiating non-penetrative sexual practices and managing their emotions during sexual negotiation. We discuss the implications of the use of self-efficacy in developing HIV preventive interventions in Puerto Rico and the Caribbean.
La negociación se ha planteado como la estrategia más adecuada para trabajar conflictos vinculados a las prócticas sexuales seguras, alternativa que le permite a las mujeres protegerse contra el VIH/SIDA. La autoeficacia, concepto central de la Teoría Social Cognitiva (TSC), constituye una variable mediadora en dicho proceso. Por esto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar la percepción de autoeficacia en un grupo de mujeres universitarias puertorriqueñas (N=110) como resultado de la administración de la Escala de Autoeficacia (EAE). Entre los resultados mós pertinentes encontramos que las mujeres expresaron percibirse menos autoeficaces negociando la próctica de conductas no penetrativas, y manejando sus emociones. Discutimos las implicaciones que tiene la autoeficacia particularmente en el desarrollo de intervenciones preventivas del VIH/SIDA tanto en Puerto Rico como el Caribe.