Wetting of soap bubbles on topographic surfaces.

HYPOTHESIS: There is a relationship between the static contact angle of droplets and soap bubbles on flat homogeneous surfaces, therefore, it should be possible to derive a relationship between the static contact angle of a soap bubble on a periodic topographic surface and a droplet on a flat homogeneous surface. EXPERIMENTS: A free energy model of the static contact angle of soap bubbles on a topographic surface in the Cassie-Baxter state was derived. Polydimethylsiloxane surfaces of varying area fraction (0.125, 0.250, 0.500, 0.750, and 1.00) and periodic topographies (lined and pillared) were fabricated using 3D printed moulds for pattern transfer. A bubble goniometer was developed to accommodate bubbles of 40,000 ± 5,000 mm3 and 50,000 ± 5,000 mm3 volumes. Then, the static contact angle of bubbles of both volumes were measured on the varying topographic surfaces. FINDINGS: The derived predictions imply that the relationship between the static contact angle for bubbles on a flat homogeneous surface and on a composite surface, has the same form as the Cassie-Baxter equation for a droplet. The experimental results for the measured static contact angle for both bubble volumes on the varying surfaces had good agreement with the predicted trends.

[A soap to fight schistosomiasis: a field intervention worth considering?] / Un savon pour lutter contre les schistosomoses : une intervention de terrain à reprendre ?

An experiment was carried out in 1985-87 against schistosomiasis using products neutralizing the intermediate stages of schistosomes. In the laboratory, it had been shown that lauryl betaines, amphoteric substances, used for children's shampoos, quickly immobilized miracidiums and cercariae. Studies in Niger in field conditions with water laden with organic matter gave similar results. This surfactant can be incorporated into ordinary soaps at a dose of 5% without changing their characteristics. Betaine soaps were put on sale in ordinary commercial channels in Niger then in Côte d'Ivoire, in hyperendemic villages for Schistosoma haematobium. Betaines diffused without external intervention into the water used by populations for washing. The soaps were well accepted by these populations. However, after one year, the results in tested villages compared to control ones were unclear on the dynamics of urinary schistosomiasis in terms of prevalence and oviuria. Anti-schistosome treatment seems necessary at the start of the procedure. The use of soap by populations needed to be measured. In conclusion, this promising laboratory action deserves to be evaluated again in the field, in addition to health education and systematic treatment actions.

Magnetic whole-cell biocatalyst based on intracellular lipases of Candida catenulata as promising technology for green synthesis of epoxy fatty acids.

This study focuses on the development a green synthesis of epoxy fatty acids (EFAs) which are commonly used as the plasticizer in polymer industries. The intracellular lipases of Candida catenulata cells as a whole-cell biocatalyst (WCB) were examined in the bio-epoxidation of free fatty acids (FFAs) with hydrogen peroxide. The FFAs in soybean soap stock, an industrial by-product of vegetable oil factories, was used as the feedstock of the process. To remove phosphates from soap stock a degumming process was tested before the bio-epoxidation reaction and results revealed that the EFAs yield was improved using the degummed fatty acids (DFAs). The attachments of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles to the surface of WCBs facilitated the recovery of the biocatalyst, and were improved stabilities. The activation energy for the magnetic whole-cell biocatalysts (MWCB) was 48.54 kJ mol-1, which was lower than the WCB system (51.28 kJ mol-1). The EFA yield was about 47.1 % and 33.8 % after 3 h for the MWCBs and 2 h for the WCBs, respectively. The MWCBs displayed acceptable reusability in the repetitious bio-epoxidation reaction with maintaining 59 % of the original activity after 5 cycles whereas the performance of the WCBs was 5.9 % at the same conditions. The effects of influential factors such as reaction time, molar ratio of H2O2 to CC, and batch and semi-batch operations were investigated for both biocatalyst systems. The quality of EFAs was characterized by FTIR and GC-MS analyses.

Implementation and adoption of SOAP-M and SBAR at a German anesthesiology department - a single-center survey study.

BACKGROUND: Checklists are a common tool used in order to mitigate risks caused by human factors and can facilitate the safe induction of anesthesia as well as handovers. SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation) is a checklist recommended by the WHO and DGAI for handovers, while SOAP-M (Suction, Oxygen, Airway, Pharmaceuticals, Monitoring) is a checklist for the induction of anesthesia. This study investigates the implementation and adoption of these two checklists. METHODS: We conducted a single-center online survey one year after the implementation of SOAP-M and SBAR at a university hospital's anesthesiology department, using scales from three validated questionnaires to assess safety attitudes as well as the behavior of staff and the perceived usefulness of the checklists. RESULTS: Staff with a high score in general attitude towards patient safety, as determined by the safety attitudes questionnaire, considered both checklists useful additions to their work environment. Nurses and physicians (p = 0.102) as well as groups divided according to work experience (p = 0.077) showed no significant differences in using SOAP-M and SBAR. Perceived usefulness was significantly higher (p < 0.001) among users of the checklists, and the same goes for positive reinforcement (p < 0.001), social cues (p = 0.0215) and goal cues (p = 0.0252). CONCLUSION: SOAP-M and SBAR are perceived as useful checklists for patient handovers and anesthesia induction by tertiary referral hospital's employees with high score in general safety attitude and were therefore commonly used one year after their introduction. No significant difference in checklist adoption between occupations as well as groups divided according to work experience could be found. Perceived usefulness is significantly higher among users of the checklist, who feel using the checklists provides more support.

Using EMBL-EBI Services via Web Interface and Programmatically via Web Services.

The European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI)'s Job Dispatcher framework provides access to a wide range of core databases and analysis tools that are of key importance in bioinformatics. As well as providing web interfaces to these resources, web services are available using REST and SOAP protocols that enable programmatic access and allow their integration into other applications and analytical workflows and pipelines. This article describes the various options available to researchers and bioinformaticians who would like to use our resources via the web interface employing RESTful web services clients provided in Perl, Python, and Java or who would like to use Docker containers to integrate the resources into analysis pipelines and workflows. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Retrieving data from EMBL-EBI using Dbfetch via the web interface Alternate Protocol 1: Retrieving data from EMBL-EBI using WSDbfetch via the REST interface Alternate Protocol 2: Retrieving data from EMBL-EBI using Dbfetch via RESTful web services with Python client Support Protocol 1: Installing Python REST web services clients Basic Protocol 2: Sequence similarity search using FASTA search via the web interface Alternate Protocol 3: Sequence similarity search using FASTA via RESTful web services with Perl client Support Protocol 2: Installing Perl REST web services clients Basic Protocol 3: Sequence similarity search using NCBI BLAST+ RESTful web services with Python client Basic Protocol 4: Sequence similarity search using HMMER3 phmmer REST web services with Perl client and Docker Support Protocol 3: Installing Docker and running the EMBL-EBI client container Basic Protocol 5: Protein functional analysis using InterProScan 5 RESTful web services with the Python client and Docker Alternate Protocol 4: Protein functional analysis using InterProScan 5 RESTful web services with the Java client Support Protocol 4: Installing Java web services clients Basic Protocol 6: Multiple sequence alignment using Clustal Omega via web interface Alternate Protocol 5: Multiple sequence alignment using Clustal Omega with Perl client and Docker Support Protocol 5: Exploring the RESTful API with OpenAPI User Inferface.

Frictional Properties of Soaps with the Addition of Ground Hazelnut Shells.

The search for new technologies and related new biological materials for use in the cosmetics industry requires many studies and analyses of not only chemical but also physical properties. This study attempts to assess the properties of soap produced with the addition of crushed hazelnut shells. This additive is intended to improve the friction properties of the soap, which in turn enhances the quality of removing impurities from the skin. Friction tests for wet and dry skin were performed on an appropriately designed measuring station using the Texture Analyser XT plus device. The obtained results indicate an increase in dynamic friction value compared to the control sample. This work proposes an unconventional use of ground hazelnut shells as one of the additives in soap production to improve its quality.

Comparative Analysis of Chemical Descriptors by Machine Learning Reveals Atomistic Insights into Solute-Lipid Interactions.

This study explores the research area of drug solubility in lipid excipients, an area persistently complex despite recent advancements in understanding and predicting solubility based on molecular structure. To this end, this research investigated novel descriptor sets, employing machine learning techniques to understand the determinants governing interactions between solutes and medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs). Quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPR) were constructed on an extended solubility data set comprising 182 experimental values of structurally diverse drug molecules, including both development and marketed drugs to extract meaningful property relationships. Four classes of molecular descriptors, ranging from traditional representations to complex geometrical descriptions, were assessed and compared in terms of their predictive accuracy and interpretability. These include two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) descriptors, Abraham solvation parameters, extended connectivity fingerprints (ECFPs), and the smooth overlap of atomic position (SOAP) descriptor. Through testing three distinct regularized regression algorithms alongside various preprocessing schemes, the SOAP descriptor enabled the construction of a superior performing model in terms of interpretability and accuracy. Its atom-centered characteristics allowed contributions to be estimated at the atomic level, thereby enabling the ranking of prevalent molecular motifs and their influence on drug solubility in MCTs. The performance on a separate test set demonstrated high predictive accuracy (RMSE = 0.50) for 2D and 3D, SOAP, and Abraham Solvation descriptors. The model trained on ECFP4 descriptors resulted in inferior predictive accuracy. Lastly, uncertainty estimations for each model were introduced to assess their applicability domains and provide information on where the models may extrapolate in chemical space and, thus, where more data may be necessary to refine a data-driven approach to predict solubility in MCTs. Overall, the presented approaches further enable computationally informed formulation development by introducing a novel in silico approach for rational drug development and prediction of dose loading in lipids.

Spontaneous Particle Ordering, Sorting, and Assembly on Soap Films.

Soap bubbles exhibit abundant fascinating phenomena throughout the entire life of evolution with different fundamental physics governing them. Nevertheless, the complicated dynamics of small objects in soap films are still unrevealed. Here, we report the first observation of spontaneous particle ordering in a complicated galaxy of soap films without any external energy. The balance of interfacial tension at two liquid-gas interfaces is theoretically predicted to govern belted wetted particles (BWPs) traveling along a specified path spontaneously. Such spontaneous particle path-finding is found to depend on the particle size and hydrophilic properties. Spontaneous particle sorting is directly realized via these discrete and distinctive paths for different particles. The deformation of the soap membrane facilitates 1D/2D particle organization along the path. This observation represents the discovery of a new spontaneous order phenomenon in soap film systems and provides a new energy-free approach for particle separation and soft colloidal crystal assembly.

Assessing user perspectives on clinical pharmacogenomics consultation documentation: a user-centered evaluation.

The University of Florida Health Precision Medicine Program plays a crucial role in delivering pharmacogenomics (PGx) result notes to providers who request PGx testing. Despite this, there is currently a lack of a formal assessment of provider needs and established best practice design principles to guide the ongoing development of PGx result notes. This study aims to enhance the content and format of the PGx consult note at UF Health by incorporating valuable feedback from healthcare providers. Through in-depth user sessions involving 11 participants, we evaluated the usability of our consult note template. While overall satisfaction with the content was noted, specific sections, including those addressing phenoconversion and the medication list, were identified for revision to enhance clarity based on insightful provider feedback.

Telenovela (Spanish Soap Opera) Interventions on Latino Health: A Scoping Review.

Introduction: The use of telenovelas shows promise as a mode of education that could enhance Latino people's ability to prevent or manage different health conditions. This scoping review examined the available evidence about telenovela interventions on Latino health. Methods: A scoping review was conducted by searching five peer-reviewed databases for articles published on any date in English or Spanish. The methods of this review were guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews recommendations. Results: A total of 431 articles were identified, and 22 articles published between 1999 and 2022 were included in the final scoping review. Nineteen telenovela interventions were described in the literature. Most studies included telenovela interventions without other elements (n = 15; 68%), and 91% were conducted in the U.S. (n = 20). Studies were qualitative (n = 8; 36%), quantitative (n = 8; 36%), and mixed methods (n = 6; 27%), and most telenovela interventions were developed and/or tested in Spanish (n = 10; 53%). The most common topics for the telenovela interventions were substance use/risky sexual health behaviors, cardiovascular disease, and mental health. Conclusions: This scoping review may serve to continue empirical and theoretical work on telenovela-style entertainment interventions on Latino health and future implementation in real-life settings.

Adverse Event Signal Detection Using Patients' Concerns in Pharmaceutical Care Records: Evaluation of Deep Learning Models.

BACKGROUND: Early detection of adverse events and their management are crucial to improving anticancer treatment outcomes, and listening to patients' subjective opinions (patients' voices) can make a major contribution to improving safety management. Recent progress in deep learning technologies has enabled various new approaches for the evaluation of safety-related events based on patient-generated text data, but few studies have focused on the improvement of real-time safety monitoring for individual patients. In addition, no study has yet been performed to validate deep learning models for screening patients' narratives for clinically important adverse event signals that require medical intervention. In our previous work, novel deep learning models have been developed to detect adverse event signals for hand-foot syndrome or adverse events limiting patients' daily lives from the authored narratives of patients with cancer, aiming ultimately to use them as safety monitoring support tools for individual patients. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate whether our deep learning models can screen clinically important adverse event signals that require intervention by health care professionals. The applicability of our deep learning models to data on patients' concerns at pharmacies was also assessed. METHODS: Pharmaceutical care records at community pharmacies were used for the evaluation of our deep learning models. The records followed the SOAP format, consisting of subjective (S), objective (O), assessment (A), and plan (P) columns. Because of the unique combination of patients' concerns in the S column and the professional records of the pharmacists, this was considered a suitable data for the present purpose. Our deep learning models were applied to the S records of patients with cancer, and the extracted adverse event signals were assessed in relation to medical actions and prescribed drugs. RESULTS: From 30,784 S records of 2479 patients with at least 1 prescription of anticancer drugs, our deep learning models extracted true adverse event signals with more than 80% accuracy for both hand-foot syndrome (n=152, 91%) and adverse events limiting patients' daily lives (n=157, 80.1%). The deep learning models were also able to screen adverse event signals that require medical intervention by health care providers. The extracted adverse event signals could reflect the side effects of anticancer drugs used by the patients based on analysis of prescribed anticancer drugs. "Pain or numbness" (n=57, 36.3%), "fever" (n=46, 29.3%), and "nausea" (n=40, 25.5%) were common symptoms out of the true adverse event signals identified by the model for adverse events limiting patients' daily lives. CONCLUSIONS: Our deep learning models were able to screen clinically important adverse event signals that require intervention for symptoms. It was also confirmed that these deep learning models could be applied to patients' subjective information recorded in pharmaceutical care records accumulated during pharmacists' daily work.

Eye infection risks from Pseudomonas aeruginosa via hand soap and eye drops.

Eye infections from bacterial contamination of bulk-refillable liquid soap dispensers and artificial tear eye drops continue to occur, resulting in adverse health outcomes that include impaired vision or eye enucleation. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), a common cause of eye infections, can grow in eye drop containers and refillable soap dispensers to high numbers. To assess the risk of eye infection, a quantitative microbial risk assessment for P. aeruginosa was conducted to predict the probability of an eye infection for two potential exposure scenarios: (i) individuals using bacteria-contaminated eye drops and (ii) contact lens wearers washing their hands with bacteria-contaminated liquid soap prior to placing the lens. The median risk of an eye infection using contaminated eye drops and hand soap for both single and multiple exposure events (per day) ranged from 10-1 to 10-4, with contaminated eye drops having the greater risk. The concentration of P. aeruginosa was identified as the parameter contributing the greatest variance on eye infection risk; therefore, the prevalence and level of bacterial contamination of the product would have the greatest influence on health risk. Using eye drops in a single-use container or with preservatives can mitigate bacterial growth, and using non-refillable soap dispensers is recommended to reduce contamination of hand soap. Given the opportunistic nature of P. aeruginosa and its ability to thrive in unique environments, additional safeguards to mitigate bacterial growth and exposure are warranted.IMPORTANCEPseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a pathogen that can persist in a variety of unusual environments and continues to pose a significant risk for public health. This quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) estimates the potential human health risks, specifically for eye infections, associated with exposure to P. aeruginosa in bacteria-contaminated artificial tear eye drops and hand soap. This study applies the risk assessment framework of QMRA to evaluate eye infection risks through both consumer products. The study examines the prevalence of this pathogen in eye drops and soap, as well as the critical need to implement measures that will mitigate bacterial exposure (e.g., single-use soap dispensers and eye drops with preservatives). Additionally, limitations and challenges are discussed, including the need to incorporate data regarding consumer practices, which may improve exposure assessments and health risk estimates.

Evaluation of physical parameters and spectral characterization of the quality of soaps containing by-products from the food industry.

The present study investigated several properties such as friction, hardness, penetration work, and cutting forces in soaps formulated with apple and carrot pomace at varying concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%. To gain insights into the molecular-level alterations within the formulated soap samples, they were spectroscopically analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The sliding friction analyses revealed that the investigated extrudate additives had no significant impact on the frictional forces of the soaps. However, notable differences were observed in the cutting force, hardness, and penetration work between the control and pomace-added samples. Excluding the control samples, no statistically significant distinctions were found between the cutting force, hardness, and work of penetration of soaps containing apple pomace and carrot pomace. Moreover, the quantity of pomace incorporated did not induce any significant variations in the results. The obtained samples were characterised at the molecular level using FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. On the other hand, alterations in band intensities suggested improved molecular packing of the compounds within the samples due to the presence of the additives.

The effects of Jawoongo soap on skin improvement.

BACKGROUND: Jawoongo is used to treat and prevent skin issues such as dry and keratinization disorders, burns, trauma, pigmentation, scarring, and inflammatory skin conditions. In this study, the efficacy and safety of 0.47% Jawoongo extract-containing soap (JAUN-CS) were assessed in terms of skin improvement effects such as cleansing, moisturizing, sebum secretion management, and skin elasticity enhancement. METHODS: Twenty healthy adult men and women aged 20-60 years old took part in the study. Before and after using JAUN-CS, the participants were divided into groups, and various skin improvement effects were measured utilizing machines such as the Corneometer, Tewameter TM 300, and Visioscan. A dermatologist analyzed the product's safety in accordance with Frosch & Kligman and the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association (CTFA) rules. RESULTS: Using JAUN reduced the amount of base and point makeup by 25.7% and 76.7%, respectively. Also, JAUN showed a great facial exfoliation effect by removing the old and lifted skin keratins by 84.7% and 20.3%, respectively. Impurities in facial pores decreased by 58%, too. Furthermore, JAUN increased the moisture content of deep skin and skin surface by 3.5% and 74.0%, and skin elasticity by 2.8%. Skin tone, skin texture, skin radiance, and skin barrier all showed improvements of 3.3%, 20.0%, 15.0%, and 115.2%, respectively. Lastly, cleansing with JAUN successfully enhanced the condition of the youth triangle by 7.6%, while TEWL significantly decreased by 52.7%. Neither the JAUN nor the control group soap showed any adverse reactions, such as erythema or allergies, during the testing period. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrated that JAUN is safe for human use and has various skin-improving properties, making Jawoongo a promising natural material for the development of functional cosmetics in the future.

From soap bubbles to multicellular organisms: Unraveling the role of cell adhesion and physical constraints in tile pattern formation and tissue morphogenesis.

Tile patterns, in which numerous cells are arranged in a regular pattern, are found in a variety of multicellular organisms and play important functional roles. Such regular arrangements of cells are regulated by various cell adhesion molecules. On the other hand, cell shape is also known to be regulated by physical constraints similar to those of soap bubbles. In particular, circumference minimization plays an important role, and cell adhesion negatively affects this process, thereby regulating tissue morphogenesis based on physical properties. Here, we focus on the Drosophila compound eye and the mouse auditory epithelium, and summarize the mechanisms of tile pattern formation by cell adhesion molecules such as cadherins, Irre Cell Recognition Modules (IRMs), and nectins. Phenomena that cannot be explained by physical stability based on cortical tension alone have been reported in the tile pattern formation in the compound eye, suggesting that previously unexplored forces such as cellular concentric expansion force may play an important role. We would like to summarize perspectives for future research on the mechanisms of tissue morphogenesis.

Soap Film Transfer Printing for Ultrathin Electronics.

Flexible and stretchable electronics have attractive applications inaccessible to conventional rigid electronics. However, the mainstream transfer printing techniques have challenges for electronic films in terms of thickness and size and limitations for target substrates in terms of curvature, depth, and interfacial adhesion. Here a facile, damage-free, and contamination-free soap film transfer printing technique is reported that enables the wrinkle-free transfer of ultrathin electronic films, precise alignment in a transparent manner, and conformal and adhesion-independent printing onto various substrates, including those too topographically and adhesively challenging by existing methods. In principle, not only the pattern, resolution, and thickness of transferred films, but also the curvature, depth, and adhesion of target substrates are unlimited, while the size of transferred films can be as high as meter-scale. To demonstrate the capabilities of soap film transfer printing, pre-fabricated ultrathin electronics with multiple patterns, single micron resolution, sub-micron thickness, and centimeter size are conformably integrated onto the ultrathin web, ultra-soft cotton, DVD-R disk with the minimum radius of curvature of 131 nm, interior cavity of Klein bottle and dandelion with ultralow adhesion. The printed ultrathin sensors show superior conformabilities and robust adhesion, leading to engineering opportunities including electrocardiogram (ECG) signal acquisition and temperature measurement in aqueous environments.

Assessing Trace Metal-Based Human Health Risks for Commonly Used Body Soaps in Bangladesh.

In Bangladesh, body soaps are very popular among consumers due to their flavors and low alkali content. The current study assesses the contamination of several trace metals (TMs) such as iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in some of the body soaps most commonly used in Bangladesh. The concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, and Mn were found within the acceptable limits stipulated by the World Health Organization (WHO); however, in contrast, the concentrations of Ni, Cd, and Pb remained below the detection limit. Notably, the concentration of Cr in two soap samples (S-2, S-3) out of twenty-one soap samples exceeded the permissible limit stipulated by the WHO. Health risks associated with the TM intake via dermal routes were evaluated in terms of chronic daily intake (CDI) and hazard quotient (HQ). The results indicated that no non-carcinogenic risks (NCR) are likely to occur owing to the use of those body soaps. The carcinogenic risk (CR) estimated for Cr revealed no possibility of probable carcinogenic diseases. Though the NCR and CR are unlikely to occur resulting from the long-term uses of these soaps, the present study provides baseline information on the possible contaminations of TMs in the beauty soaps that do not seem to have been reported so far in Bangladesh. In light of the above information, it can be concluded that the presence of TMs in the body soaps could be a warning for people in general thereby suggesting continuous monitoring.

Infección de Amor (Infectious Love): Development and Acceptability of a Telenovela/Soap Opera Intervention for HIV Prevention For Latinas.

Latinas continue to be disproportionately affected by HIV in the United States. Effective interventions to address HIV-related disparities among Latinas are available; however, they have not achieved widespread dissemination due to implementation challenges for real-world settings. A culturally tailored intervention that increases access to HIV prevention is urgently needed. The objective of this study was to develop a culturally tailored telenovela (i.e., a soap opera) to promote HIV prevention behaviors (condom use; HIV testing; and pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness, access, and use) among Latinas. The study was conducted in community organizations throughout South Florida. A total of 44 Spanish-speaking Latinas, 18-35 years old, and sexually active with a man in the past 6 months participated in the study. The final product was an HIV prevention telenovela that incorporated Latinas' ideas and feedback and was produced as four 10-minute filmed episodes. This study aimed to develop innovative approaches to reduce HIV-related disparities for Latinas.

Exploring the potentials of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. seed kernel oil as pharmaceutical oil base: Physicochemical characterization and ketoconazole soap formulation.

Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. (Rhamnaceae) is a large spiny shrub or small tree, native to the Indian subcontinent that can reach a maximum height of 9-15 m. This plant stands as a renowned tropical fruit variety, commonly recognized as the Indian plum, Desert apple, or Indian Jujube. The objective of this study was to examine the standard physicochemical parameters of Z. mauritiana seed kernel oil and to formulate the ketoconazole soap (2 % w/w), using the obtained oil, as a base. The oil was obtained through hexane extraction from the seed kernels. To formulate pharmaceutical ketoconazole soap, Z. mauritiana seed kernel oil was subjected to a basic saponification reaction using potassium hydroxide. All the examined physicochemical parameters, namely acid value (4.71 mg KOH/g), saponification value (229.18 mg KOH/g), peroxide value (4.15 milliequivalents KOH/g), ester value (224.47 mg KOH/g), iodine value (11.19 mg KOH/g), refractive index (1.448), pH (5.93), viscosity (89 cP), and specific gravity (0.912 g/mL) were within the acceptable range for industrial purposes. The examination of quality control parameters, namely drug content (99.49 %), total fatty matter (71.13 %), foam retention time (17.21 min), foam height (18.56 cm), moisture content (9.14 %), and pH (7.16) indicated that the newly formulated ketoconazole soap complied with the acceptable limits. In summary, our research demonstrated the excellent physicochemical stability of Z. mauritiana seed kernel oil and its suitability as a soap base, supporting its promising prospects for cost-effective production of cosmetics, soaps, and shampoos in the pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries, reducing reliance on synthetic bases.