Usability of web-based tools designed for communication and decision-making in dementia: Systematic review and design brief.

INTRODUCTION: There is an increased number of web-based tools designed for people with dementia and their family caregivers and addressing communication and decision-making. The loss of cognitive functions associated with dementia can impact individuals' experiences and use of web-based tools. There is a need for high quality and user-friendly web-based tools that support communication and decision-making for people with dementia and their family caregivers. OBJECTIVE: To identify usability requirements, usability testing methods, and design suggestions from studies focusing on web-based tools for communication and decision-making support in dementia care. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review with narrative synthesis. Five databases were systematically searched in February 2023. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. RESULTS: A total of 1,032 articles were identified and 7 fulfilled inclusion criteria. Web-based tools addressed technology usage, health promotion, home modification information, shared decision-making facilitation, information needs and social isolation. Methods to test usability included surveys, interviews, focus groups, cognitive walkthroughs and think-aloud procedures. Findings suggested reducing cognitive load, enhancing readability, providing clear language, and emphasising the need for additional support for people with dementia. Design recommendations include optimising information delivery and presentation, enhancing visual elements, streamlining navigation, providing concrete examples, using clear language, and offering training and tailored support. CONCLUSION: Usability requirements ranged from visual appearance and navigation to delivery of content and support needed. This review contributes to efforts to improve design and development of web-based tools targeting communication and decision-making in dementia care. Further research should address tailored support to enhance usability for people with dementia.

Parents' User Experience Accessing and Using a Web-Based Map of COVID-19 Recommendations for Health Decision-Making: Qualitative Descriptive Study.

BACKGROUND: The eCOVID19 Recommendations Map & Gateway to Contextualization (RecMap) website was developed to identify all COVID-19 guidelines, assess the credibility and trustworthiness of the guidelines, and make recommendations understandable to various stakeholder groups. To date, little has been done to understand and explore parents' experiences when accessing and using the RecMap website for COVID-19 health decision-making. OBJECTIVE: To explore (1) where parents look for COVID-19 health information and why, (2) parents' user experience when accessing and using the RecMap website to make health decisions, and (3) what knowledge mobilization activities are needed to increase parents' awareness, use, and engagement with the RecMap website. METHODS: We conducted a qualitative descriptive study using semistructured interviews and a think-aloud activity with parents of children aged 18 years or younger living in Canada. Participants were asked to provide feedback on the RecMap website and to "think aloud" as they navigated the website to find relevant COVID-19 health recommendations. Demographic information was collected using a web-based questionnaire. A hybrid deductive and inductive thematic approach guided analysis and data synthesis. RESULTS: A total of 21 participants (13/21, 62% mothers) were interviewed and participated in a think-aloud activity. The data were categorized into four sections, representative of key elements that deductively and inductively emerged from the data: (1) parent information seeking behaviors and preferences for COVID-19, (2) RecMap website usability, (3) perceived usefulness of the RecMap website, and (4) knowledge mobilization strategies to increase awareness, use, and engagement of the RecMap website. Parents primarily used the internet to find COVID-19 information and focused on sources that they determined to be credible, trustworthy, simple, and engaging. As the pandemic evolved, participants' information-seeking behaviors changed, specifically their topics of interest and search frequency. Most parents were not aware of the RecMap website before this study but found satisfaction with its concept and layout and expressed intentions to use and share it with others. Parents experienced some barriers to using the RecMap website and suggested key areas for improvement to facilitate its usability and perceived usefulness. Recommendations included a more user-friendly home page for lay audiences (separate public-facing user interface), improving the search and filter options, quicker navigation, clearer titles, more family-friendly graphics, and improving mobile-friendly access. Several strategies to disseminate the RecMap website were also expressed, including a mix of traditional and nontraditional methods (handouts and social media) in credible and high-traffic locations that parents frequent often. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, parents liked the concept of the RecMap website but had some suggestions to improve its usability (language, navigation, and website interface). These findings can be used to improve the RecMap website for parents and offer insight for the development and dissemination of effective web-based health information tools and resources for the general public.

Analysis of web design visual element attention based on user educational background.

The evolution of Internet technology has led to an increase in online users. This study focuses on the pivotal role of visual elements in web content conveyance and their impact on user browsing behavior. Therefore, the use of visual elements in web design based on big data has aroused widespread concern among web designers, they apply visual elements to their web design works to make the web more attractive. This study examines the composition and distribution characteristics of key visual elements identified through user behavior data in a big data environment and discusses the use of visual elements in web design in the era of network economy. In addition, this paper issued 200 questionnaires to investigate the degree of attention to visual elements in web pages for users of different occupations and different educational backgrounds. Our survey indicated that visual elements captured the attention of 41% of corporate employees, whereas a mere 1% of social welfare workers focused on web content; 36% of undergraduates pay attention to visual elements of web pages, but only 5% and 4% of postgraduates and doctoral degrees and above. Therefore, the visual elements of the designed web page need to conform to the user's cultural background and professional background.

Dataset of user evaluations of prototypicality, aesthetics, usability and trustworthiness of homepages of banking, e-commerce and university websites.

The dataset contains full-page screenshots of homepages of commercial banking (N = 1033), online shopping (N = 1064), and university (N = 1059) websites, as well as the raw and aggregated user ratings of webpage design prototypicality, visual aesthetics, perceived usability and trustworthiness, and user demographic information. Design prototypicality was measured with three items, including typicality, exemplar goodness, and family resemblance, whereas the other design dimensions were measured with a single item each. Amazon Mechanical Turk crowdworkers (N = 3319 rating sessions) provided their demographic data and rated the homepages online. The demographic data have been anonymized, with generated unique participant IDs replacing MTurk crowdworker IDs. The screenshots are identified with generated IDs to provide partial anonymization for the websites, limiting their potential misuse outside design-related or user experience-related academic research. The raw rating data contain all collected ratings, whereas the aggregated data contain the per-webpage, per-dimension ratings derived solely from the ratings of study-compliant crowdworkers. The non-compliance among crowdworkers was detected based on several indicators, including rate-rerate consistency, seen-unseen webpage recognition, free-form feedback analyses, demographic data analyses, and other indicators. Future research could utilize the dataset either in user studies that require full-page webpages as stimuli, e.g., studies on the determinants of first impression, user preference, and user experience, or in computational research on web design, including computational aesthetics, as this type of research requires a large number of user-rated webpages, which this dataset provides.

Identifying the Information Needs and Format Preferences for Web-Based Content Among Adults With or Parents of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Three-Stage Qualitative Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent childhood and adult behavioral disorder. Internet searches for ADHD information are rising, particularly for diagnosis and treatment. Despite effective ADHD treatments, research suggests that there are delays in seeking help for ADHD. Identifying ways to shorten delays is important for minimizing morbidity associated with ADHD. One way to shorten these delays is to improve internet health information resources. Research shows that parents of children with ADHD feel that much of the information available is technical and not tailored for their child's needs and verbal instructions given by health care providers were too pharmacologically focused with limited information about how to manage and support ADHD symptoms in daily living. A majority of parents search the internet for general and pharmacological information for ADHD and prefer web-based resources for learning about ADHD, but web-based resources may be inaccurate and of low quality. Ensuring accurate information through the internet is an important step in assisting parents and adults in making informed decisions about the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD. OBJECTIVE: Although a great deal of information regarding ADHD is available on the internet, some information is not based on scientific evidence or is difficult for stakeholders to understand. Determining gaps in access to accurate ADHD information and stakeholder interest in the type of information desired is important in improving patient engagement with the health care system, but minimal research addresses these needs. This study aims to determine the information needs and formatting needs of web-based content for adults with ADHD and parents of children with ADHD in order to improve user experience and engagement. METHODS: This was a 3-phase study consisting of in-depth phone interviews about experiences with ADHD and barriers searching for ADHD-related information, focus groups where participants were instructed to consider the pathways by which they made decisions using web-based resources, and observing participants interacting with a newly developed website tailored for adults with potential ADHD and caregivers of children who had or might have ADHD. Phase 1 individual interviews and phase 2 focus groups identified the needs of the ADHD stakeholders related to website content and format. Interview and focus group findings were used to develop a website. Phase 3 used think-aloud interviews to evaluate website usability to inform the tailoring of the website based on user feedback. RESULTS: Interviews and focus group findings revealed preferences for ADHD website information and content, website layout, and information sources. Themes included a preference for destigmatizing information about ADHD, information specific to patient demographics, and evidence-based information tailored to lay audiences. CONCLUSIONS: ADHD stakeholders are specifically seeking positive information about ADHD presented in a user-friendly format.

Toward Food Sovereignty for Coastal Communities of Eastern Québec: Co-designing A Website to Support Consumption of Edible Resources from the St. Lawrence River, Estuary, and Gulf.

Background. Despite the abundance and proximity of edible marine resources, coastal communities along the St. Lawrence in Eastern Québec rarely consume these resources. Within a community-based food sovereignty project, Manger notre Saint-Laurent ("Sustenance from our St. Lawrence"), members of participating communities (3 non-Indigenous, 1 Indigenous) identified a need for a web-based decision tool to help make informed consumption choices. Methods. We thus aimed to co-design a prototype website that facilitates informed choices about consuming local edible marine resources based on seasonal and regional availability, food safety, nutrition, and sustainability, with community members, regional stakeholders, and experts in user experience design and web development. We conducted 48 interviews with a variety of people over 3 iterative cycles, assessing the prototype's ease of use with a validated measure, the System Usability Scale. Results. Community members, regional stakeholders, and other experts identified problematic elements in initial versions of the website (e.g., confusing symbols). We resolved issues and added features people identified as useful. Usability scores reached "best imaginable" for both the second and the third versions and did not differ significantly between sociodemographic groups. The final prototype includes a tool to explore each species and index cards to regroup accurate evidence relevant to each species. Conclusions. Engaging co-designers with different sociodemographic characteristics brought together a variety of perspectives. Several components would not have been included without co-designers' input; other components were greatly improved thanks to their feedback. Co-design approaches in research and intervention development are preferable to foster the inclusion of a variety of people. Once the prototype is programmed and available online, we hope to evaluate the website to determine its effects on food choices.

Development of a Website for a Living Network Meta-analysis of Atopic Dermatitis Treatments Using a User-Centered Design: Multimethod Study.

BACKGROUND: A rapid expansion of systemic immunological treatment options for atopic dermatitis (AD) has created a need for clinically relevant and understandable comparative efficacy and safety information for patients and clinicians. Given the scarcity of head-to-head trials, network meta-analysis (NMA) is an alternative way to enable robust comparisons among treatment options; however, NMA results are often complex and difficult to directly implement in shared decision-making. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to develop a website that effectively presents the results of a living systematic review and NMA on AD treatments to patient and clinician users. METHODS: We conducted a multimethod study using iterative feedback from adults with AD, adult caregivers of children with AD, dermatologists, and allergists within a user-centered design framework. We used questionnaires followed by workshops among patients and clinicians to develop and improve the website interface. Usability testing was done with a caregiver of a patient with eczema. RESULTS: Questionnaires were completed by 31 adults with AD or caregivers and 94 clinicians. Patients and caregivers felt it was very important to know about new treatments (20/31, 65%). Clinicians felt the lack of evidence-based comparisons between treatments was a barrier to care (55/93, 59%). "Avoiding dangerous side effects" was ranked as the most important priority for patients (weighted ranking 5.2/7, with higher ranking being more important), and "improving patients' overall symptoms" was the most important priority for clinicians (weighted ranking 5.0/6). A total of 4 patients and 7 clinicians participated in workshops; they appreciated visualizations of the NMA results and found the website valuable for comparing different treatments. The patients suggested changes to simplify the interface and clarify terminology related to comparative efficacy. The user in the usability testing found the website intuitive to navigate. CONCLUSIONS: We developed a website, "eczematherapies.com," with a user-centered design approach. Visualizations of NMA results enable users to compare treatments as part of their shared decision-making process.

The effects of a special sequential mixed-mode design, and reminders, on panellists' participation in a probability-based panel study.

The sequential mixed-mode strategy has become standard practice in the survey management of longitudinal studies, in order to achieve consistently high response rates. To realise this aim in a cost-efficient way, a first mode is often an online questionnaire, towards which the target persons are pushed, and a second mode is then a telephone interview, offered to those who do not respond to the initial mode. However, the rationale for using the sequential mixed-mode plus "push-to-web" strategy to reduce the burden of choosing between survey modes, in order to maximise survey participation, could be undermined if there is an overlapping field period during which the target persons could choose between two or more offered modes. The use of reminders might be useful in solving this problem of competing risks. In the context of a multiple-panel study, this question was investigated by utilising longitudinal paradata from the fieldwork, as well as procedures of event history analysis that are adequate for the analysis of processes with competing risks. First, for a web survey as the initial mode and computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) as the subsequent mode, it was found that the idea of a sequential mixed-mode plus "push-to-web" strategy does work even in the case of competing risks in the choice of a survey mode. Second, it was confirmed that reminders are a useful instrument for stimulating panellists to choose the running survey mode. Third, and finally, it was found that this feature of survey management is effective in countering panellists' procrastination in regard to responding to a survey.

Tracking Websites' Digital Communication Strategies in Latin American Hospitals During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Since the advent of the Internet, websites have become the nerve center of the digital ecosystems of media, companies and all kinds of institutions. Currently, the impact of the global coronavirus pandemic has placed healthcare issues at the center of social debate, including hospitals and their websites as digital sources of trustworthy information. COVID-19 has intensified the need for quality information and the legitimacy of sources fighting the infodemic situation. In this regard hospitals become essential social actors in the spread of healthcare information. Within this framework, a qualitative study is presented with descriptive components and based on content analysis. This study examines 58 websites from the best hospitals included in the "América Economía" ranking health sector from Latin America. The study applies an analysis methodology based on previous research focusing on specialized web studies, defining an analysis model on six variables and 65 thematic indicators. The research concludes that hospitals occupying first positions in the medical services directory are not necessarily those that have the best websites. Similarly, it is worth noting that a quarter of the studied sample do not devote a specific space to reporting coronavirus information. Brazil, Colombia and Chile are the countries with the highest number of hospitals among those with the best websites. In conclusion, digital media, specifically websites, could constitute legitime resources of healthcare information consumption, so their accuracy and proper development seem to be significant to become genuine sources that not only could provide better healthcare services but help avoid the spread of misinformation about the COVID-19 pandemic.

Fractal Web Design of a Hemispherical Photodetector Array with Organic-Dye-Sensitized Graphene Hybrid Composites.

The vision system of arthropods consists of a dense array of individual photodetecting elements across a curvilinear surface. This compound-eye architecture could be a useful model for optoelectronic sensing devices that require a large field of view and high sensitivity to motion. Strategies that aim to mimic the compound-eye architecture involve integrating photodetector pixels with a curved microlens, but their fabrication on a curvilinear surface is challenged by the use of standard microfabrication processes that are traditionally designed for planar, rigid substrates (e.g., Si wafers). Here, a fractal web design of a hemispherical photodetector array that contains an organic-dye-sensitized graphene hybrid composite is reported to serve as an effective photoactive component with enhanced light-absorbing capabilities. The device is first fabricated on a planar Si wafer at the microscale and then transferred to transparent hemispherical domes with different curvatures in a deterministic manner. The unique structural property of the fractal web design provides protection of the device from damage by effectively tolerating various external loads. Comprehensive experimental and computational studies reveal the essential design features and optoelectronic properties of the device, followed by the evaluation of its utility in the measurement of both the direction and intensity of incident light.

Aplicación del Responsive Web Design en la creación e implementación del sitio Web del Centro de Histoterapia Placentaria / Application of Responsive Web Design in the creation and implementation of the website of the Placental Histotherapy Center

La diversidad de dispositivos conectados a Internet ha conllevado en la actualidad a un cambio en la concepción del diseño Web. La navegación, utilizando dispositivos de diferentes resoluciones y tamaños de pantalla, ha modificado de manera radical la experiencia del usuario. El sitio Web del Centro de Histoterapia Placentaria de Cuba creado en el año 2000 y modificado en varias ocasiones, según las tendencias del diseño no está ajeno a esta realidad. El objetivo general de este trabajo es crear e implementar un nuevo diseño del sitio, aplicando la filosofía de Responsive Web Design. Su empleo garantiza la visibilidad del sitio en cualquier dispositivo; ya sea, Smartphone, tableta, computadoras o smart TV. El diseño estuvo basado en el patrón Modelo-Vista-Controlador; en la Vista se concibieron dos interfaces, una para el usuario y otra para el administrador del sitio. El nuevo diseño soluciona el problema de la visibilidad en la gama de dispositivos móviles, permite un mejor posicionamiento del sitio en los buscadores y crea las bases para incorporar nuevos servicios como el Comercio Electrónico(AU)

The diversity of devices connected to the Internet has changed the conception of Web design. The navigation, using devices of different resolutions and screen sizes has radically modified the user experience. The Website of the Placental Histotherapy Center of Cuba, created in 2000 and modified several times according to design trends, is not far of this reality. The general objective of this work is to create and implement a new site design, applying the philosophy of Responsive Web Design, which allows the visibility from devices, such as: Smartphone, Tablet, computers or smart TV. The design was based on the Model-View-Controller pattern; In Vista, two interfaces were conceived, one for the user and another for the site administrator. The new design solves the problem of visibility in the range of mobile devices, allows a better positioning of the site in the search enginesand creates the bases to incorporate new services such as Electronic Commerce(AU)

Aplicación del Responsive Web Design en la creación e implementación del sitio Web del Centro de Histoterapia Placentaria / Application of Responsive Web Design in the creation and implementation of the website of the Placental Histotherapy Center

La diversidad de dispositivos conectados a Internet ha conllevado en la actualidad a un cambio en la concepción del diseño Web. La navegación, utilizando dispositivos de diferentes resoluciones y tamaños de pantalla, ha modificado de manera radical la experiencia del usuario. El sitio Web del Centro de Histoterapia Placentaria de Cuba creado en el año 2000 y modificado en varias ocasiones, según las tendencias del diseño no está ajeno a esta realidad. El objetivo general de este trabajo es crear e implementar un nuevo diseño del sitio, aplicando la filosofía de Responsive Web Design. Su empleo garantiza la visibilidad del sitio en cualquier dispositivo; ya sea, Smartphone, tableta, computadoras o smart TV. El diseño estuvo basado en el patrón Modelo-Vista-Controlador; en la Vista se concibieron dos interfaces, una para el usuario y otra para el administrador del sitio. El nuevo diseño soluciona el problema de la visibilidad en la gama de dispositivos móviles, permite un mejor posicionamiento del sitio en los buscadores y crea las bases para incorporar nuevos servicios como el Comercio Electrónico(AU)

The diversity of devices connected to the Internet has changed the conception of Web design. The navigation, using devices of different resolutions and screen sizes has radically modified the user experience. The Website of the Placental Histotherapy Center of Cuba, created in 2000 and modified several times according to design trends, is not far of this reality. The general objective of this work is to create and implement a new site design, applying the philosophy of Responsive Web Design, which allows the visibility from devices, such as: Smartphone, Tablet, computers or smart TV. The design was based on the Model-View-Controller pattern; In Vista, two interfaces were conceived, one for the user and another for the site administrator. The new design solves the problem of visibility in the range of mobile devices, allows a better positioning of the site in the search enginesand creates the bases to incorporate new services such as Electronic Commerce(AU)

Web pages: What can you see in a single fixation?

Research in human vision suggests that in a single fixation, humans can extract a significant amount of information from a natural scene, e.g. the semantic category, spatial layout, and object identities. This ability is useful, for example, for quickly determining location, navigating around obstacles, detecting threats, and guiding eye movements to gather more information. In this paper, we ask a new question: What can we see at a glance at a web page - an artificial yet complex "real world" stimulus? Is it possible to notice the type of website, or where the relevant elements are, with only a glimpse? We find that observers, fixating at the center of a web page shown for only 120 milliseconds, are well above chance at classifying the page into one of ten categories. Furthermore, this ability is supported in part by text that they can read at a glance. Users can also understand the spatial layout well enough to reliably localize the menu bar and to detect ads, even though the latter are often camouflaged among other graphical elements. We discuss the parallels between web page gist and scene gist, and the implications of our findings for both vision science and human-computer interaction.

Co-Creation Learning Procedures: Comparing Interactive Language Lessons for Deaf and Hearing Students.

This paper discusses co-creation learning procedures of second language lessons for deaf students, and sign language lessons by a deaf lecturer. The analyses focus on the learning procedure and resulting assessment, considering the disability. Through questionnaires ICT-based co-creative learning technologies are effective and efficient and promote spontaneous learning motivation goals.

Optimising web site designs for people with learning disabilities.

Much relevant internet-mediated information is inaccessible to people with learning disabilities because of difficulties in navigating the web. This paper reports on the methods undertaken to determine how information can be optimally presented for this cohort. Qualitative work is outlined where attributes relating to site layout affecting usability were elicited. A study comparing web sites of different design layouts exhibiting these attributes is discussed, with the emphasis on methodology. Eight interfaces were compared using various combinations of menu position (vertical or horizontal), text size and the absence or presence of images to determine which attributes of a site have the greatest performance impact. Study participants were also asked for their preferences, via a 'smiley-face' rating scale and simple interviews. 'Acquiescence bias' was minimised by avoiding polar ('yes/no') interrogatives, achieved by asking participants to compare layouts (such as horizontal versus vertical menu), with reasons coaxed from those able to articulate them. Preferred designs were for large text and images. This was the reverse of those facilitating fastest retrieval times, a discrepancy due to preferences being judged on aesthetic considerations. Design recommendations that reconcile preference and performance findings are offered. These include using a horizontal menu, juxtaposing images and text, and reducing text from sentences to phrases, thus facilitating preferred large text without increasing task times.

Foraging at the thermal limit: burrowing spiders (Seothyra, Eresidae) in the Namib desert dunes.

In the Namib Desert dunes, the web of Seothyra sp. (Eresidae) comprises sticky silk lining the edges of a horizontal mat on the sand surface. The spider sits in a silk-lined burrow attached to the mat. Arthropods become entangled in the sticky silk of the mat and are attacked and pulled into the burrow by the spider. We investigated the influence of sand surface temperature on the activity of spiders during the summer. We determined the range of thermal conditions encountered by spiders, their temperature tolerance and the influence of temperature on foraging activity and prey handling behavior. The environmental temperatures available to Seothyra vary from 17-33° C at the coolest time of day to 33-73° C at the hottest. When prevented from retreating into burrows, spiders showed signs of thermal stress at about 49° C, whereas unrestrained spiders continued to forage at web temperatures above 65° C by moving between the hot surface mat and the cooler burrow. Spiders responded quicker to prey stimuli during the hot hours of the day and completed prey capture sequences in significantly less time at surface temperatures above 49° C than below. Furthermore, captured arthropods succumbed more quickly at high surface temperatures. Our study supports the hypothesis that web design and thermoregulatory behaviors enable Seothyra to hunt under extreme thermal conditions.