Factores de riesgo neuropsicológico y de personalidad asociados en la poliaccidentalidad laboral / Associated neuropsychological and personality risk factors in occupational polyaccidentality

Introducción: El bienestar y la salud de cada uno de los trabajadores son primordiales en el Departamento de Salud Ocupacional de la Fundación Hospital Universitario Metropolitano. Es importante que el personal goce de un nivel de vida saludable para cumplir satisfactoriamente con todas sus obligaciones y las metas planeadas de la organización. Objetivo: Analizar los factores neuropsicológicos y de personalidad asociados en un grupo de personas que se han accidentado dos o más veces (poliaccidentados). Métodos: Se desarrolló un diseño metodológico de casos y controles. Se tomó como población las bases de datos del departamento de seguridad y salud en el trabajo, con 50 trabajadores accidentados en dos o más ocasiones (poliaccidentados). Se aplicaron como técnicas de recolección de datos la escala abreviada de inteligencia Reynolds (Rist) para apreciar el coeficiente de inteligencia de los sujetos y el cuestionario de personalidad de Cattell (16 Pf), que midió 16 factores primarios y cuatro secundarios. Se utilizó la Batería Neuropsicológica de Funciones Ejecutivas y Lóbulos Frontales (BANFE) para evaluar los factores neuropsicológicos. Resultados: fue procesados mediante el paquete estadístico Statistical package Social Science (Spss) versión 21.0 que permitió realizar la prueba de hipótesis para las variables estudiadas, se utilizó la prueba U de Mann Whitney, con un criterio alfa de 0,05 y un nivel de confianza del 95 por ciento. Conclusiones: El grupo de poliaccidentados presentó alteraciones en las áreas orbito-medial, ventromedial y dorso-laterales lo que los predispone a una mayor posibilidad de realizar actividades riesgosas y presentar menor consciencia del riesgo(AU)

Introduction: The well-being and health of each of the workers are paramount in the Department of Occupational Health at Fundación Hospital Universitario Metropolitano. It is important that the staff enjoy a healthy standard of living in order to satisfactorily fulfil all their obligations and the planned goals of the organization. Objective: To look at the neuropsychological and personality factors associated in a group of individuals who have been injured two or more times (poly-accidented). Methods: A case-control methodological design was developed. The databases of the Department of Labor Safety and Health were taken as the population, with 50 workers injured on two or more occasions (poly-accidents). The abbreviated Reynolds Intelligence Scale (Rist) was applied as data collection techniques to assess the intelligence coefficient of the subjects and Cattell personality questionnaire (16 Pf), to measured 16 primary factors and four secondary factors. The Neuropsychological Battery of Executive Functions and Frontal Lobes (BANFE) was used to evaluate neuropsychological factors. Results: They were processed using the Statistical Package Social Science (Spss) version 21.0 that allowed the hypothesis test to be carried out for the variables studied, Mann Whitney U test was used, with 0.05 alpha criterion and 95 percent level of confidence. Conclusions: The group of poly-accidented patients showed alterations in the orbito-medial, ventromedial and dorso-lateral areas, which predisposes them to greater possibility of carrying out risky activities and presenting less risk awareness(AU)

Notas sobre Chernobyl¹: análise de alguns aspectos relacionados às situações de trabalho da usina nuclear de Pripyat / About Chernobyl: analysis of some factors related to work situations in Pripyat nuclear power plant

A partir da série televisiva Chernobyl e dos relatos do livro de Svetlana Aleksiévitch, Vozes de Tchernóbyl, que tratam do acidente nuclear em Pripyat, em 1986, este artigo discute os aspectos relacionados às condições e às relações de trabalho que as cenas evocam. A tragédia de Chernobyl pode ser vista como um acidente de trabalho, tendo ocasionado entre 4.000 e 93.000 mortes. Os aspectos que se pretende examinar dizem respeito às relações de poder, à relação entre o trabalho prescrito e o trabalho real e demais fatores. Na análise proposta, serão usadas as contribuições da psicodinâmica do trabalho, da saúde do trabalhador, da ergonomia francófona e de discussões teóricas acerca do mundo do trabalho. Ainda que as reflexões aqui levantadas sejam suscitadas a partir de adaptações constituídas de doses variáveis de ficção, elas podem ser úteis à discussão de aspectos que podem levar ao adoecimento no trabalho.

Based on the sitcom Chernobyl and the stories of Svetlana Aleksiévitch's book, Tchernobyl voices, about the Pripyat's nuclear accident in 1986, this article discusses aspects related to the work relations and conditions that are evoked by the scenes. The Chernobyl tragedy can be seen as a work accident that caused 4000 to 93000 deaths. The aspects to be discussed are related to power relations, the relation between prescribed work and real work, and others. In the proposed analysis, contributions of work psychodynamics, worker health, French ergonomy and theoretical discussions about the work world will be used. And even with the fact that these reflections are caused by some variable parts of fiction, they can be useful to the discussion of the aspects that may lead to disease in work.

Predictores de sintomatología postraumática aguda y crecimiento post-estrés tras un accidente laboral reciente / Predictors of Acute Posttraumatic Symptoms and Post- Stress Growth After a Recent Work Accident

Resumen El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar un modelo predictivo de sintomatología postraumática aguda (SPT) y de crecimiento post-estrés (CPE) en trabajadores que sufrieron un accidente laboral reciente. Se encuestaron 246 trabajadores (23.2% mujeres) entre los 18 y los 73 años. Se encontró que los principales predictores de la SPT son: severidad subjetiva del evento, afrontamiento religioso negativo, reinterpretación positiva y rumiación de tipos intrusiva, negativa y deliberada. A su vez, los principales predictores de CPE fueron: rumiación deliberada y afrontamiento religioso positivo. Se realizó un análisis de sendero para evaluar un modelo en el cual la rumiación intrusiva y la deliberada cumplen una función mediadora, obteniendo adecuados índices de ajuste. Se plantea la necesidad de contar con un método de evaluación temprana de las respuestas psicológicas tras un accidente.

Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate a predictive model of acute posttraumatic symptomatology (PTS) and post-stress growth (PSG) in workers who suffered a recent work accident. To this end, 246 workers (23.2% women) were surveyed, aged between 18 and 73 years. The main predictors of PTS were subjective severity of event, negative religious coping, positive reinterpretation, and intrusive, brooding and deliberate rumination. At the same time, the main predictors of PSG were deliberate rumination and positive religious coping. A path analysis was performed to evaluate a model in which intrusive and deliberate rumination fulfill a mediating function, obtaining adequate goodness-of-fix indices. The need to have a method of early evaluation of psychological responses after an accident is proposed.

Predictors of post-traumatic stress symptoms following occupational accidents: A longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVE: Occupational accidents are highly stressful events that frequently occur and impact both the physical and mental health of workers. The aim of this study was to longitudinally assess a predictive model of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in workers who have suffered a recent accident. METHOD: Two hundred and forty-four workers (77.8% men), aged 18 to 73 years, who had experienced an accident during the last month that resulted in hospitalization and/or ten or more days of sick leave, were surveyed. A second survey was carried out six months later. Regression analyses included psychological predictors (i.e. subjective severity of event, brooding and positive and negative religious coping), along with objective predictors (i.e. hospitalization, sick leave days and unemployment). RESULTS: It was found that the main predictors of PTSS were brooding, negative religious coping, days of sick leave and unemployment, with a large effect size (R2 = .45). CONCLUSIONS: The discussion is based on the usefulness of including selected psychological and objective predictors for detecting people more susceptible to developing psychopathology due to the stress following an accident. Identifying at-risk people for developing PTSS after an accident may help to introduce selective preventive strategies or early interventions in this population.

Urban Waste Collectors in Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Their Perceptions of Occupational Health Risk.

Frequent contact with hazardous materials makes waste collection a potentially unhealthy activity. This article assesses the perception of waste management workers regarding work-related accidents in domestic and health service contexts in Brazil. Six focus groups were performed between June 2014 and August 2015. The aims of this study were to apprehend different aspects of the participants' health, workers' experiences of work-related accidents and perception of risks. Cuts and puncture injuries were reported most frequently in the line of work and were often considered as irrelevant. Immunization against hepatitis B was not common among all workers, which increases the risk of infection for those individuals. Finally, it is considered urgent to consolidate an inclusive space in which workers can have discussions on their health.

Challenging the immediate causes: A work accident investigation in an oil refinery using organizational analysis.

BACKGROUND: In many companies, investigations of accidents still blame the victims without exploring deeper causes. Those investigations are reactive and have no learning potential. OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to debate the historical organizational aspects of a company whose policy was incubating an accident. METHODS: The empirical data are analyzed as part of a qualitative study of an accident that occurred in an oil refinery in Brazil in 2014. To investigate and analyse this case we used one-to-one and group interviews, participant observation, Collective Analyses of Work and a documentary review. The analysis was conducted on the basis of concepts of the Organizational Analysis of the event and the Model for Analysis and Prevention of Work Accidents. RESULTS: The accident had its origin in the interaction of social and organizational factors, among them being: excessively standardized culture, management tools and outcome indicators that give a false sense of safety, the decision to speed up the project, the change of operator to facilitate this outcome and performance management that encourages getting around the usual barriers. CONCLUSIONS: The superficial accident analysis conducted by the company that ignored human and organizational factors reinforces the traditional safety culture and favors the occurrence of new accidents.

Brooding as moderator of depressive symptoms after a work accident: A longitudinal study.

This study analyzes the relationship between having experienced a work accident and developing depressive symptoms six months later, considering the subjective severity of accidents, the use of both positive and negative religious coping strategies, and brooding as predictors variables. Fifty seven women and 187 men were evaluated during the month following their accident (T1) and six months later (T2). The results show that after controlling for initial depressive symptoms, all predictors showed a statistically significant relationship with depression at six months, including the interaction between brooding and subjective severity of accident. Forty nine percent of resilient participants exhibited low symptoms at T1 and T2, 22% of recovered individuals showed high symptoms at T1 and low symptoms afterwards, 20% of depressive individuals had high symptoms at T1 and T2, and 8% exhibited high symptoms only at T2. High severity, brooding and religious coping at T1 differentiated those who exhibited stable symptoms from those who were resilient. Resilience was specifically predicted with a negative coefficient by the interaction of brooding with subjective severity of accident. We conclude that brooding is a variable that moderates the relationship between subjective severity of accident and the development and maintenance of depressive symptoms. Subjective severity of accident, brooding and negative religious coping are risk factors, while positive religious coping is not a sufficient protection factor.

[Work accidents associated with the discouragement of SERUMS physicians to work in the primary care services of Lima, Peru]. / Accidentes laborales asociados al desánimo de médicos SERUMS para laborar en el primer nivel de atención de Lima, Perú.

BACKGROUND: Employee retention is an important issue, because professionals are required in primary care services (PCS). The objective was to determine whether accidents were associated with the discouragement of physicians to work in PCS in Lima, Peru. METHODS: Analytical cross-sectional study of secondary data from a database generated from a survey of physicians who performed his Rural and Urban Health Care Service (Servicio Rural y Urbano-Marginal en Salud: SERUMS). We only included physicians who said at the beginning of their SERUMS that they could work in PCS in Lima. Those who completed their service and reported that they no longer wished to work in Lima were defined as change of intention to work in PCS. This was associated with having a work accident and was adjusted with other variables. RESULTS: Out of 124 physicians, 63% (78) were men. Median age was 26 years (interquartile range: 25-27 years). After they completed their SERUMS, 12% (15) said they changed their mind and that they wished to work in Lima. In the multivariate analysis, having had an accident diminished the frequency of changing their mind of working in the PCS (aPR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.14-0.54, p < 0.001), adjusted for eight variables. CONCLUSIONS: A previous study found that work accidents decreased the frequency outside Lima, but our study states the opposite, probably because of the perception that a job in the capital would allow them to be closer to services; to be cared for in case of any emergency.

INTRODUCCIÓN: la retención laboral es un tema de suma importancia, porque se requiere de profesionales en el primer nivel de atención (PNA). El objetivo fue determinar si los accidentes laborales se asociaron al desánimo de los médicos para trabajar en el PNA de Lima, Perú. MÉTODOS: estudio transversal analítico de datos secundarios de una base de datos generada de una encuesta a médicos que realizaron su Servicio Rural y Urbano-Marginal en Salud (SERUMS). Se incluyó solo a los médicos que manifestaron al inicio del SERUMS que podían trabajar en el PNA de Lima. Se definió como cambio de intención de trabajo en el PNA a los que finalizando el SERUMS refirieron que ya no deseaban laborar en Lima. Esto se asoció según si tuvieron un accidente laboral y se ajustó por otras variables. RESULTADOS: de los 124 médicos el 63% fueron hombres (78). La mediana de edad fue de 26 años (rango intercuartílico: 25-27 años). Después de su SERUMS, el 12% (15) manifestó que cambió su interés y que deseaba trabajar en la capital. En el análisis multivariado, haber tenido un accidente laboral disminuyó la frecuencia del cambio de intención de trabajo en el PNA (RPa: 0.28, IC 95%: 0.14-0.54, p < 0,001), ajustado por ocho variables. CONCLUSIONES: en un estudio previo los accidentes laborales disminuyeron la frecuencia de trabajar en provincias, pero nuestro estudio dice lo contrario, posiblemente por la percepción de que un trabajo en la capital del país permite estar más cerca de los servicios para ser atendido en caso de cualquier emergencia.

The Impact of Work Demand and Gender on Occupational and Psychosocial Stress in Hispanic Farmworkers.

Hispanic farmworkers experience hazardous work conditions, language barriers, poverty, and limited healthcare access that increase their risk for health problems. We sought to characterize occupational and lifestyle stressors in farmworker couples and to examine the impact of seasonal work demand and gender on health outcomes. We administered surveys to 31 couples (N = 62) in May (low work demand) and September (high work demand) of 2012. Measures included acculturation, perceived stress, depressive symptoms, quality of life, decision latitude, support (supervisor, co-worker), and work-family conflict. This population did not report significant differences in stress in low and high work demand times. Women reported more work-family conflict (F = 19.06, p 0.0001; F = 11.28, p = 0.0015) and less supervisor support (F = 6.56, p = 0.0135). Women experienced more conflict between work and family and less support at work. This group reported low depressive symptomology and moderate levels of stress; a subset reported elevated levels.

Gambling with life: Masculinity, risk, and danger in the lives of unauthorized migrant roofers.

BACKGROUND: This paper examines the occupational experiences of unauthorized immigrants employed in one of the most dangerous occupations in the United States: roofing. METHODS: We draw on 40 in-depth interviews with return migrants in Guanajuato, Mexico, to examine how the adoption of masculinity, dangerous working conditions, the labor market structure, and absence of legal status exacerbates injuries for unauthorized roofers. FINDINGS: Undocumented men return to Mexico injured with chronic pain, health complications, and trauma. We find that men "do gender" that is adopt masculine beliefs, when they skirt safety practices, police each other's behaviors, withhold their emotions, experience heightened stress, and engage in poor health behaviors. It is a combination of dangerous working conditions, economic insecurity, and men seeking to fulfill their masculine roles that all combine to create unsafe working conditions and lead to injuries.

Associations between safety climate and safety management practices in the construction industry.

BACKGROUND: Safety climate, a group-level measure of workers' perceptions regarding management's safety priorities, has been suggested as a key predictor of safety outcomes. However, its relationship with actual injury rates is inconsistent. We posit that safety climate may instead be a parallel outcome of workplace safety practices, rather than a determinant of workers' safety behaviors or outcomes. METHODS: Using a sample of 25 commercial construction companies in Colombia, selected by injury rate stratum (high, medium, low), we examined the relationship between workers' safety climate perceptions and safety management practices (SMPs) reported by safety officers. RESULTS: Workers' perceptions of safety climate were independent of their own company's implementation of SMPs, as measured here, and its injury rates. However, injury rates were negatively related to the implementation of SMPs. CONCLUSIONS: Safety management practices may be more important than workers' perceptions of safety climate as direct predictors of injury rates.

Risco invisível: trabalho e subjetividade no setor elétrico / Riesgo invisible: trabajo y subjetividad en el sector eléctrico / Invisible risk: work and subjectivity in the electricity sector

Resumo Este estudo se origina de uma pesquisa que abordou a noção de risco no trabalho no setor elétrico. O termo “risco invisível” surgiu do discurso dos trabalhadores do setor, referindo-se à eletricidade que não pode ser vista, mas oferece riscos específicos. Dá-se ênfase a uma análise da noção de risco, enquanto fenômeno da modernidade, mas passando também pela discussão da confiança básica e da segurança ontológica. Ao relacionar esse marco teórico com a realidade do trabalho no setor elétrico, entra em cena o articulador teórico dos mecanismos de defesa, através da psicodinâmica do trabalho. Do ponto de vista político, é importante refletir sobre a realidade da segurança no âmbito das relações de trabalho, já que os trabalhadores são expostos a riscos específicos em cada atividade. A reflexão teórica e observação empírica constante são um caminho para pensar intervenções no âmbito da dimensão sociopsicológica do risco no trabalho.

Resumen Este estudio se deriva de la investigación que se dirigió a la noción de riesgo en el trabajo en el sector eléctrico. El término "riesgo invisible" surgió de la voz de los trabajadores del sector, haciendo referencia a la electricidad, que no puede ser vista, pero, plantea riesgos específicos. Se hace necesario el análisis del concepto de riesgo como un fenómeno de la modernidad, pero también a través de la discusión de la confianza básica y la seguridad ontológica. Para relacionar este marco teórico con la realidad del trabajo en el sector eléctrico, entra en escena la articulación teórica de los mecanismos de defensa a través de la psicodinámica del trabajo. Desde el punto de vista político, es importante reflexionar a respecto de la realidad de la seguridad en el contexto de las relaciones laborales , ya que los trabajadores están expuestos a riesgos específicos de cada actividad. La reflexión teórica y la observación empírica consistente es una manera de pensar acerca de las intervenciones para la dimensión socio - psicológico de riesgo en el trabajo.

Abstract This study is part of a research work that approach aspects related to the work risk in the electricity sector. The term "invisible risk" came from the speech of the workers, referring to electricity, which can not be seen, but offers specific risks. We emphasize an analysis of the concept of risk as a phenomenon of modernity, but also through the discussion of basic trust and ontological security. By relating this theoretical framework with the reality of working in the electricity sector, enters the scene the theoretical articulation of defense mechanisms, through psychodynamics of work. From a political standpoint, it is important to reflect on the reality of security in the context of labor relations, as workers are exposed to specific risks in each activity. The theoretical reflection and empirical constant observation are one way to think about interventions within the socio-psychological dimension of risk at work.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of occupational risks in Colombian taxi drivers.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to learn about the health and safety strategies in a sample of taxi drivers in Bucaramanga, Colombia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 138 taxi drivers. A survey was used to identify the socio-demographic and working characteristics, knowledge, attitudes and practices according to their occupational risk. RESULTS: Eighty-five percent of the workers labored 9-15 h/day. Of those who suffered accidents, 27% were not affiliated to an occupational risk administrator (p = 0.028). Of the workers who had a work-related accident, 58% considered that the use of a cell phone while driving would not always reduce their attention, 50% always used their seat belt and 7% took active breaks and wore their seat belt (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Within this group of taxi drivers, having or believing to possess knowledge regarding an occupational risk did not ensure that they had a safe attitude or safe working practices.

Post-accident work behavior in caring for people with HIV/Aids.

OBJECTIVE: To identify post-accident conduct in the workplace by health professionals in caring for people with HIV/Aids. METHOD: A qualitative and descriptive research study with a socio-historical perspective (1986-2006), performed in a reference hospital for infectious diseases in the State of Santa Catarina. To collect data, interviews were conducted with oral history among 23 health workers and, for the treatment of data, Bardin's content analysis was used. RESULTS: Post-accident behaviors emerged that included assessment, accident records, chemoprophylaxis when necessary, support, monitoring of the injured worker, and mainly psychological support. CONCLUSION: In situations in which the accident could not be avoided, post-exposure behaviors were important biosecurity strategies mentioned by health workers caring for patients with HIV/Aids, in the sense of minimizing the possible transmission of the HIV virus.

Hazards for Women and Children in Rural Settings.

OBJECTIVES: a) To identify possible risk factors associated with rural accidents in women, b) to describe women's knowledge about zoonosis, c) to describe women's risk perception about farming, d) to describe mothers' risk perception about children's activities in rural settings, e) to estimate the initial age of exposure to the rural setting and its dangers, and f) to identify possible risk factors associated with rural accidents in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional design. Women with children that live in the countryside were surveyed (n=24). Structured questionnaire. STATISTICAL ANALYSES: χ2, Student's t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and logistic regression. RESULTS: Many women had suffered an accident in the countryside (65.6 %). Farm worker usually did not use personal protective equipment (PPE). Hearing protection, gloves, and safety goggles were rarely used. Working women showed a high risk perception for urban driving, the handling of agrochemicals, and driving on main roads (85.7 %, 70 % and 66.7 %). There was no significant association between risk perception and PPE use. Most mothers (87.5 %) thought that was good for children to learn how to perform farm chores starting at a young age. Children started to drive tractors at 9 years of age; 12.23 years on average. More than 7 % of the children (7.14 %) have suffered an accident on the farm. The most frequent accidents were being trapped in machinery (60 %). No association was found between the independent variables and the dependent variable; farm-related accidents in children (p>0.2). CONCLUSIONS: Risk communication is necessary to inform people involved and to reduce exposure.

Conduta pós-acidente de trabalho no cuidado às pessoas com HIV/Aids / Conducta post-accidente laboral en el cuidado a las personas con VIH/Sida / Post-accident work behavior in caring for people with HIV/Aids

RESUMOObjetivo:identificar condutas pós-acidente de trabalho pelos profissionais da saúde no cuidado às pessoas com HIV/Aids.Método:estudo descritivo qualitativo com perspectiva sócio-histórica, (1986-2006) realizado em um hospital referência em doenças infectocontagiosas do Estado de Santa Catarina. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se entrevista, a partir da História Oral com 23 trabalhadores da saúde e para o tratamento dos dados a análise de conteúdo de Bardin foi utilizado.Resultados:emergiram condutas pós-acidente de trabalho que incluíram avaliação, registro do acidente, quimioprofilaxia quando necessária, acompanhamento, monitoramento do profissional acidentado e, sobretudo, apoio psicológico.Conclusão:nas situações em que o acidente de trabalho não pôde ser evitado, foram importantes as condutas pós-exposição como estratégias de biossegurança mencionadas pelos trabalhadores da saúde no cuidado aos pacientes com HIV/Aids, no sentido de minimizar a possível transmissibilidade do vírus HIV.

RESUMENObjetivo:identificar conductas post-accidente laboral por los profesionales de salud en el cuidado a personas con VIH/Sida.Método:Estudio descriptivo, cualitativo con perspectiva sociohistórica (1986-2006), efectuado en un hospital de referencia en enfermedades infectocontagiosas del Estado de Santa Catarina. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron entrevistas a partir de la Historia Oral con 23 trabajadores de salud y para el tratamiento de datos el análisis de contenido de Bardin.Resultados:emergieron conductas post accidente laboral, que incluyeron la evaluación, registro del accidente, quimioprofilaxia cuando necesario, acompañamiento, monitoreo del profesional accidentado y, principalmente apoyo psicológico.Conclusión:en las situaciones en que el accidente laboral no pudo ser evitado, conductas post exposición fueron importantes estrategias de bioseguridad mencionadas por los trabajadores de la salud en el cuidado a los pacientes con VIH/Sida, en el sentido de minimizar la posible transmisión del virus VIH.

ABSTRACTObjective:To identify post-accident conduct in the workplace by health professionals in caring for people with HIV/Aids.Method:A qualitative and descriptive research study with a socio-historical perspective (1986-2006), performed in a reference hospital for infectious diseases in the State of Santa Catarina. To collect data, interviews were conducted with oral history among 23 health workers and, for the treatment of data, Bardin's content analysis was used.Results:Post-accident behaviors emerged that included assessment, accident records, chemoprophylaxis when necessary, support, monitoring of the injured worker, and mainly psychological support.Conclusion:In situations in which the accident could not be avoided, post-exposure behaviors were important biosecurity strategies mentioned by health workers caring for patients with HIV/Aids, in the sense of minimizing the possible transmission of the HIV virus.

Hazards for Women and Children in Rural Settings / Peligros para las mujeres y niños en el ámbito rural

Objectives a) To identify possible risk factors associated with rural accidents in women, b) to describe women's knowledge about zoonosis, c) to describe women's risk perception about farming, d) to describe mother´s risk perception about children's activities in rural settings, e) to estimate the initial age of exposure to the rural setting and its dangers, and f) to identify possible risk factors associated with rural accidents in children. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional design. Women with children that live in the countryside were surveyed (n=24). Structured questionnaire. Statistical analyses: χ2, Student's t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and logistic regression. Results Many women had suffered an accident in the countryside (65.6 %). Farm worker usually did not use personal protective equipment (PPE). Hearing protection, gloves, and safety goggles were rarely used. Working women showed a high risk perception for urban driving, the handling of agrochemicals, and driving on main roads (85.7 %, 70 % and 66.7 %). There was no significant association between risk perception and PPE use. Most mothers (87.5 %) thought that was good for children to learn how to perform farm chores starting at a young age. Children started to drive a tractors at 9 years of age; 12.23 years on average. More than 7 % of the children (7.14 %) have suffered an accident on the farm. The most frequent accidents were being trapped in machinery (60 %). No association was found between the independent variables and the dependent variable; farm-related accidents in children (p>0.2). Conclusions Risk communication is necessary to inform people involved and to reduce exposure.

Objetivos a) identificar posibles factores de riesgo asociados a accidentes rurales en mujeres, b) describir el conocimiento sobre zoonosis de las mujeres, c) describir la percepción de riesgos de las mujeres acerca de las actividades realizadas en el campo, d) describir la percepción de riesgos de las madres sobre las actividades de los niños en el campo, e) estimar la edad de exposición inicial de los niños al ambiente rural y sus peligros y f) identificar potenciales factores de riesgo asociados a accidentes rurales en niños. Materiales y Métodos Diseño transversal. Fueron encuestadas las mujeres con hijos que vivían en el campo (n= 24). Cuestionario estructurado. Análisis estadístico: χ2, T Student, coeficiente de correlación de Pearson y Regresión Logística. Resultados Muchas de las mujeres sufrieron un accidente en el campo (65,6 %). Las trabajadoras rurales generalmente no usaban elementos de protección personal (EPP). Protección auditiva, guantes y antiparras eran escasamente utilizados. Las trabajadoras demostraron tener una percepción del riesgo alta sobre el manejo de vehículos en zonas urbanas, manipulación de agroquímicos y manejo de vehículos en rutas (85,7 %, 70 % y 66,7 %). No se encontró asociación significativa entre percepción de riesgos y uso de EPP. Muchas madres (87,5 %) pensaban que era bueno para los niños que aprendieran a realizar tareas del campo desde muy pequeños. Los niños comenzaban a manejar un tractor desde los 9 años, 12,23 años en promedio. Más del 7% de los niños (7,14 %) sufrieron un accidente en el campo. Los más frecuentes fueron atrapamiento por maquinaria (60 %). No se encontró asociación significativa entre las variables independientes y la variable dependiente accidente en un niño (p>0,2). Conclusiones Es necesaria la comunicación de los riesgos para informar a los involucrados y reducir la exposición.

Influencia de variables personales y organizacionales en el síndrome de burnout en enfermería / Influence of personal and organizational variables in burnout syndrome in nurse staff

Fundamento: En el origen del síndrome de Burnout siempre se observa un desajuste entre el individuo y la organización. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la prevalencia del síndrome de Burnout y su relación con variables personales y organizacionales.Método: Se estudió el síndrome de Burnout y su relación con las variables personales y organizacionales en una muestra de 52 enfermeros de un Hospital general del Conurbano Bonaerense. Se utilizó el Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Survey Services (MBI-HSS) y el Cuestionario para Estudiar la Calidad de Vida Laboral en Profesionales de la Salud. Resultados: La prevalencia de Burnout fue de 3.85%, presentando el 61.54% de los sujetos un alto nivel de agotamiento emocional. Con respecto a las dimensiones del MBI-HSS: 1) Agotamiento emocional presentó una correlación significativa y positiva con Conflictos interpersonales y negativa con Apoyo social en el trabajo y con Autoeficacia; 2) Despersonalización presentó una correlación significativa y positiva con Conflictos interpersonales y con Conflicto de rol y negativa con Ambigüedad de rol; 3) Realización personal en el trabajo presentó una correlación significativa y positiva con Ambigüedad del rol. Conclusiones: El elevado porcentaje de enfermeros con un alto nivel de agotamiento emocional da cuenta de la necesidad un la implementación de un plan preventivo. Por otra parte, a partir de las relaciones observadas entre las variables personales y organizaciones se concluye la importancia de un abordaje psicosocial.

Perfil dos segurados em benefício do auxílio-doença acidentário na agência da previdência social de Xanxerê/SC / Profile of insured for the benefit of the aid accident leave on social security agency Xanxerê/SC

O artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o perfil dos trabalhadores que necessitaram auxílio-doença acidentário na Agência da Previdência Social de Xanxerê, em Santa Catarina, alémdas atividades econômicas que se destacaram por apresentarem osmaiores índices de afastamento na região. Trata-se de um estudodescritivo e quantitativo, realizado no período de 2009 a 2012, apartir de relatório emitido pelo Sistema Único de Benefícios daAgência da Previdência Social. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se o software SPSS. A amostra compôs-se de 2.768 registros de benefícios auxílio-doença acidentário. Os trabalhadores forammais acometidos pelas Doenças Osteomusculares e do Tecido Conjuntivo. A maioria era do sexo masculino, com faixa etária entre 40 e 49 anos, trabalhavam como empregados nos centros urbanos e possuíam remuneração de até um salário mínimo.Os trabalhadores afastados atuam na maioria em nos serviços da Administração Pública em Geral. Os resultados podem ser utilizados como base na articulação de estratégias de prevenção de doenças relacionadas ao trabalho e para implantação de políticaspúblicas pelo SUS.

The article aims to present the profi le of workers requiring the benefits aid-disease at the Social Security XanxerêAgency in Santa Catarina, in addition to economic activities that stood out for having the highest rates of removal in the region. This is a descriptive and quantitative study, conducted from 2009 to 2012 from the report issued by the Unified System of Social Security Benefits. For data analysis we used the SPSS software. The sample consisted of 2.768 records of benefi ts aid-diseaseaccident. The workers were most affected by the Musculoskeletaland Connective Tissue Diseases. Most were male, aged between 40 and 49 years old, worked as employees in urban centers with monthly wage up to the minimum wage. The Insured workers work mostly in the General Public Administration services. Theresults can be used as the basis of joint strategies for the prevention of work-related diseases and implementation of public policies by SUS.

Trabalho, vida e morte no setor de rochas ornamentais: efeitos psicossociais do acidente de trabalho fatal para a família / Work, life and death regarding the sector of ornamental rocks: psychosocial effects of fatal work accidents for the families

Este estudo analisou os efeitos psicossociais dos acidentes de trabalho fatais, ocorridos em 2008, para as famílias das vítimas, no setor de mármore e granito, no estado do Espírito Santo. A pesquisa exploratória utilizou a entrevista semiestruturada como instrumento de coleta de dados, cuja análise seguiu o Método de Interpretação de Sentidos. Participaram da pesquisa oito famílias, identificadas a partir da Comunicação de Acidente de Trabalho. A percepção das famílias sobre o acidente de trabalho se mostrou associada às características da atividade no setor de rochas, como: condições de trabalho desfavoráveis à segurança, proximidade entre relações pessoais e profissionais e falta de informação sobre os acidentes. O acidente de trabalho fatal trouxe diversas implicações para todos os membros das famílias, como agravos à saúde, mudanças de comportamento e dificuldade em lidar com a ruptura dos planos. As formas de enfrentar a morte indicaram que a superação da perda foi viabilizada principalmente por familiares, amigos e religião. A maioria das empresas cumpriu suas obrigações legais com presteza, e o Poder Público foi evidenciado no que tange aos benefícios concedidos às famílias das vítimas, mas se mostrou ausente nas ações de transformação da organização do trabalho para prevenção de acidentes...

This study analyzed the psychosocial effects for the families of the victims of fatal work accidents occurred in the sector of marble and granite in 2008, in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. In the exploratory research, semi-structured interviews were utilized as the means of collection of data, whose analysis followed the Method of Senses Interpretation. Eight families, identified through the Work Accidents Communication, participated in the research. The families' perceptions about the work accidents were associated to the characteristics of the activity in the rock sector, such as: work conditions unfavorable to safety, proximity between personal and professional relations and lack of information about accidents. The fatal work accidents brought several implications for all the family members, for instance, damage to health, behavioral changes and difficulty to deal with the break of plans. The manners of facing death indicated that the overcoming of losses was mainly enabled by family members, friends and religion. Most of the companies complied with all the legal obligations with promptitude. Government was highlighted regarding the benefits granted to families of the victims; however, it was absent in the transformational actions toward the organization of work in order to prevent accidents...