ABSTRACT
Introducción: La relación entre producción de leche materna y la música ha sido reportada en diversas publicaciones científicas. No hay publicaciones en Uruguay que analicen esta relación. Este estudio fue realizado por el Instituto Universitario CEDIIAP junto a la Universidad ORT, el Banco de Leche Humana del Hospital Pereira Rossell (CHPR), de la Administración de los Servicios de Salud del Estado. Fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética del CHPR. Objetivo: evidenciar la relación entre el estímulo musical y la producción de leche de madres de recién nacidos pretérmino internados en Cuidados Intensivos del CHPR. Material y métodos: estudio cuasiexperimental, de corte longitudinal, prospectivo, diseño doble: intervención antes después y en paralelo (un grupo contra el otro) utilizando audición de canciones elegidas por las madres con andamiento modificado. Criterios de inclusión: cohorte de madres de recién nacidos ≤ 34 semanas de gestación, sin alimentación a pecho directo, medicación psiquiátrica o que afectara la producción de leche. Se analizó cortisol en saliva y volumen de leche. Como análisis multivariado final, se aplicó el modelo lineal general de medidas repetitivas. Resultados: el estudio se realizó entre marzo de 2017 y agosto de 2018 con 31 madres (15 intervención, 16 control). El grupo intervención presentó mayor producción láctea en los 2 primeros días y disminución del 57 % en niveles de cortisol frente al grupo control. Conclusiones: más allá de las limitaciones del trabajo, los resultados apuntan a que la musicoterapia podría colaborar en la disminución del estrés, el disfrute de la lactancia materna y, consecuentemente, en una mayor producción de leche.
Introduction: the relationship between breast milk production and music has been previously reported in several peer reviewed journals. There are no studies in Uruguay analyzing this relationship. The present study was performed by the CEDIIAP University Institute jointly with the ORT University, at the Pereira Rossell Hospital Human Milk Bank (CHPR) of the Administration of State Health Services (ASSE) in Montevideo. It has been approved by the CHPR's Ethics Committee. Objective: demonstrate the influence of musical stimulation on milk production of mothers with preterm newborns admitted in the CHPR Neonatology Intensive Care Unit. Material and Methods: longitudinal, prospective experimental study with double design: intervention before, simultaneous (one group against the other) and after the study. We used the music therapy technique of listening to songs chosen by the mothers and modified gait. Milk volume was quan- tified, and cortisol presence was analyzed in saliva. The General Linear Model of repetitive measures was applied. Inclusion criteria: cohort of mothers of newborns ≤ 34 weeks of gestation, without direct breastfeeding, psychiatric medication or affecting milk production. Saliva cortisol levels and milk volume were analyzed. As a final multivariate analysis, the General Linear Model of repetitive measures was applied. Results: the study was carried out from March 2017 till August 2018 with a total of 31 mothers (15 intervention, 16 control). Higher milk production in the first two days and a decrease of 57% in cortisol levels were observed in the intervention group compared to the control group. Conclusions: in spite of the limitations of this paper, our results suggest that music therapy can help to reduce the stress and increase the enjoyment of breastfeeding and consequently generate a higher milk production.
Introducion: a relação entre produção do leite materno e a música foi apontada com evidências científicas em vários jornais. Não existem publicações no Uruguai que analisem esta relação. Este estudo foi realizado pelo Instituto universitário CEDIIAP junto com a Universidade ORT, o Banco de Leite Humano do Hospital Pereira Rossell (CHPR) da Administração dos Serviços de Saúde do Estado. Foi aprovado pelo Comité de Ética do CHPR. Objetivo: evidenciar a relação entre o estímulo musical e a produção do leite de mães com recém nascidos prematuros internados na unidade de cuidados intensivos do CHPR. Material e metodo: estudo quase experimental de corte longitudinal, prospectivo com desenho duplo: intervenção antes, depois e em paralelo (um grupo contra o outro) utilizando a audição de canções escolhidas pelas mães e andamento modificado. Critérios de inclusão: coorte de mães de recém nascidos ≤ 34 semanas de gestação sem alimentação a peito direto, nem medicação psiquiátrica ou que afetara a produção de leite. Foi analisado o cortisol em saliva e o volumem de leite. Aplicouse o Modelo Linear General de medidas repetitivas como análise multivariado final. Resultados: o estudo foi realizado entre março 2017 e agosto 2018 com 31 mães (15 do grupo intervenção, 16 do grupo controle). Foi observada maior produção láctea no grupo de intervenção nos dois primeiros dias e diminuição de 57% nos níveis de cortisol em relação ao grupo controle. Conclusões: além das limitações do paper, os resultados apontam para que a musicoterapia poderia colaborar na diminuição do estresse, o desfrute da lactância materna e consequentemente poderiam resultar em uma maior produção de leite.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Acoustic Stimulation/psychology , Breast Feeding/psychology , Milk/statistics & numerical data , Mothers/psychology , Music Therapy , Infant, Premature , Hydrocortisone/analysis , Case-Control Studies , Prospective Studies , Longitudinal StudiesABSTRACT
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is widely used as a promising translational model organism for studying various brain disorders. Zebrafish are also commonly used in behavioral and drug screening assays utilizing individually tested (socially isolated) fish. Various sounds represent important exogenous factors that may affect fish behavior. Mounting evidence shows that musical/auditory environmental enrichment can improve welfare of laboratory animals, including fishes. Here, we show that auditory environmental enrichment mitigates anxiogenic-like effects caused by acute 24-h social isolation in adult zebrafish. Thus, auditory environmental enrichment may offer an inexpensive, feasible and simple tool to improve welfare of zebrafish stocks in laboratory facilities, reduce unwanted procedural stress, lower non-specific behavioral variance and, hence, collectively improve zebrafish data reliability and reproducibility.
Subject(s)
Acoustic Stimulation/psychology , Anxiety/prevention & control , Hydrocortisone/blood , Social Isolation , Animals , Anxiety/etiology , Anxiety/psychology , Environment , Female , Hydrocortisone/physiology , Male , Music , Social Isolation/psychology , ZebrafishABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to observe the influence of the temporal order of musical keys involved in sudden modulations, which implies compositional developments in clockwise and counterclockwise directions of the circle of fifths, on subjective time estimations. Seventy-five undergraduate students from Universidade de Ribeirão Preto participated in this experiment, which consisted of listening to a modulating musical stimulus and retrospectively reproducing the duration with the aid of a stopwatch. The results showed that reverse sudden tonal modulation in the counterclockwise direction or, for instance, the temporal order from the original key of A-major to the arrival at the destination key of C-major, elicited shorter time estimations than the clockwise direction or, for instance, the temporal order from original key of C-major to the arrival at the destination key of A-major. These data were interpreted using the Expected Development Fraction model that describes the development of expectations when an inter-key distance is traversed during a certain time interval. This expected development is longer than the perceived duration, leading to the underestimation of time.
Subject(s)
Acoustic Stimulation/psychology , Auditory Perception/physiology , Music/psychology , Time Perception/physiology , Acoustic Stimulation/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Retrospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
Revisión de nuestros hallazgos experimentales sobre la relación entre audición y control motor del equilibrio en usuarios de implantes cocleares (UIC). Se realizó posturografía en 34 UIC en dos condiciones sensoriales:1- Implante encendido (ON). 2- Implante apagado (OFF) Se usó como medida el consumo de energía (CE) de la señal del centro de presión corporal. La marcha se analizó mediante la prueba de 10 m, implementada con: A - implante ON y ruido ambiental (EN), B - Implante ON, EN y Tarea dual cognitiva (DT) y C-implante OFF. Se registró la velocidad de marcha (GV) usando acelerómetros en los pies y la región retrosacra. Estadística: Se utilizaron las pruebas de Wilcoxon y Mann-Whitney y el nivel de significación fue p = 0.05. El análisis de la postura en la adolescencia mostró un ajuste adaptativo, disminuyendo la CE con el IC-ON.p = < 0,05, mientras con el CI-OFF no hubo disminución p => 0,05. En adultos, CI- OFF tuvieron valores más altos de CE en edades mayores, mientras que el CE no se incrementó con la edad con el CI-ON. En la marcha, la GV con el implante ON en EN solo disminuyó en UIC solo en aquellos que estaban implantado después de los 3 años. La UIC implantada antes de esta edad mostró un comportamiento de la marcha similar en comparación con los sujetos con audición normal como control. La información auditiva interviene en la postura y el comportamiento motor de la marcha, hechos que se analizan en esta revisión.
Review of publications of our group about the relationship between the auditory input and the balance motor control in subjects with profound hearing loss and cochlear implant users (UIC). A population of 34 UIC in which posturography in two different sensory information was performed, 1-Implant turned on (ON) giving acoustic information. 2-Implant turned off (OFF) and without auditory input. Energy consumption (CE) of the body center of pressure signal was used as measurement. Gait assessment was analyzed by the 10 m test, implemented with: A- Implant turned ON and environmental noise (EN). B- Implant ON, EN and cognitive dual task (DT) and C- Implant OFF with accelerometers in the feet and sacrum region to measure the gait velocity (GV). Statistics: Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney test were used and significance level was p=0.05. Posture analysis for different ages in adolescence showed an adaptive adjustment, decreasing the EC significantly when the CI is ON (p<0.05). With the implant turned OFF, changes were not significant (p>0.05). In adults, (implant OFF) had higher values of CE related with age, while the CE did not show increment of CE with age when receiving auditory input with the implant ON. UIC implanted after being 3 years old showed a significant decrease in GV. The UIC implanted before this age showed similar gait behavior compared to normal hearing subjects as control. The auditory information intervenes in posture and gait motor behavior, facts which are analyzed in this review.
Revisão de publicações de nosso grupo sobre a relação entre a entrada auditiva e o controle motor do equilíbrio em indivíduos com perda auditiva profunda e usuários de implante coclear (UIC). Uma população de 34 UIC em que foi realizada a posturografia em duas informações sensoriais diferentes, o 1-Implant ativado (ON) fornece informações acústicas. 2-O implante foi desativado (OFF) e sem entrada auditiva. O consumo de energia (CE) do sinal do centro de pressão corporal foi utilizado como medida. A avaliação da marcha foi analisada pelo teste de 10 m, implementado com: A- Implante ligado e ruído ambiental (EN). B- Implante ON, EN e tarefa dupla cognitiva (TD) e C- Implante OFF com acelerômetros na região dos pés e sacro para medir a velocidade da marcha (GV). Estatísticas: Foram utilizados os testes de Wilcoxon e Mann-Whitney e o nível de significância foi de p = 0,05. A análise da postura para diferentes idades na adolescência mostrou um ajuste adaptativo, diminuindo significativamente a CE quando o IC está ligado (p <0,05). Com o implante desligado, as alterações não foram significativas (p> 0,05). Nos adultos, o (implante OFF) apresentou maiores valores de EC relacionados à idade, enquanto o CE não apresentou incremento do CE com a idade ao receber entrada auditiva com o implante ON. A UIC implantada após os 3 anos de idade mostrou uma diminuição significativa no GV. A UIC implantada antes dessa idade mostrou comportamento de marcha semelhante em relação aos indivíduos com audição normal como controle. As informações auditivas intervêm no comportamento motor da postura e da marcha, fatos analisados nesta revisão.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Acoustic Stimulation/psychology , Cochlear Implants , Persons With Hearing Impairments/rehabilitation , Postural Balance/physiology , Gait Analysis , Adaptation, Physiological , Controlled Before-After Studies , Walking Speed/physiology , Standing PositionABSTRACT
Resumen Objetivo: Comparar dos sistemas de puntuación para un test de fluidez verbal con el Modelo de Escalas de Calificación. Método: Se analizaron datos de 289 participantes, de los cuales 92 habían sido diagnosticados con Parkinson. Las puntuaciones se calcularon con dos sistemas de categorización: un procedimiento convencional y otro basado en percentiles. Resultados: Las puntuaciones Rasch procedentes de percentiles dan lugar a categorías adecuadas y medidas fiables; la correlación con las puntuaciones del test Minimental es evidencia de validez concurrente. Tras controlar estadísticamente el efecto de la edad, las medidas Rasch procedentes de percentiles discriminan entre ambos grupos, lo que evidencia validez predictiva. Conclusiones: El análisis de los dos procedimientos permite recomendar el uso de las categorías basadas en percentiles.
Abstract Objective: Two scoring systems for a verbal fluency test were compared using the Rasch Rating Scale Model. Method: The analysis was carried out on 289 participants, 92 of whom had had a Parkinson's disease diagnosis. Scores were calculated with two different category systems: a conventional procedure and a percentile-based one. Results: The percentile-based Rasch scores produce adequate categories and reliable measures, while the correlation with the Mini Mental State Examination evinces concurrent validity. After statistically controlling for age, percentile-based Rasch measures discriminated between both groups, demonstrating predictive validity. Conclusions: The analysis of the two procedures allows for the recommendation of the use of percentile-based categories.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Parents/psychology , Acoustic Stimulation/psychology , Infant, Premature/growth & development , Child Language , Early Intervention, Educational/trends , Language Development , Physical Stimulation , MexicoABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Assess the impact of a reduction of tinnitus intensity achieved through sound stimulation during sleep on the improvement in the patients' quality of life. DESIGN: Acoustic stimuli consisted of a highly customized sound that reproduced the spectral and intensity characteristics of the tinnitus in each patient. This stimulus was uploaded into a portable electronic device and delivered through customized ear buds during sleep, every night for three months. STUDY SAMPLE: Twelve patients with subjective idiopathic chronic tinnitus were studied. RESULTS: Results were assessed through: (1) the measurement in dB SPL of tinnitus intensity reduction over time; (2) the results of three psychometric tests: Tinnitus handicap inventory (THI), Tinnitus reaction questionnaire (TRQ), Tinnitus functional index (TFI); and (3) a Visual analog scale (VAS) for tinnitus annoyance. After three months of treatment, we observed an average decrease in tinnitus intensity of 14.1 dB SPL (p < 0.001), implying a 62% reduction of the perceived sound. This improvement was followed by a statistically significant decrease of TRQ (78%), THI (65%), and TFI (77%). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that the intensity reduction achieved through the protocol used in this study had a direct impact on the improvement in the patients' quality of life.
Subject(s)
Acoustic Stimulation/psychology , Quality of Life , Tinnitus/psychology , Tinnitus/therapy , Acoustic Stimulation/methods , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Psychometrics , Severity of Illness Index , Sleep , Surveys and Questionnaires , Tinnitus/physiopathology , Young AdultABSTRACT
El objetivo del estudio fue identificar el efecto del grito personal como recurso ergogénico en la mejora de la fuerza de prensión de mano en adolescentes. Se contó con la participación de 44 adolescentes, 25 mujeres y 19 hombres, con una edad promedio de 16.10 +/- 0.7 años. Para calcular la fuerza de prensión de mano, los sujetos aplicaban la mayor prensión de mano en un dinamómetro, tres intentos con la mano dominante y tres con la no dominante aplicando un grito en el momento de la ejecución y tres intentos más con cada mano sin aplicar el grito. Para efecto del análisis estadístico se tomó el mejor intento de cada mano bajo cada condición. Se aplicó un Análisis de Varianza de Tres Vías Mixto para el análisis e interpretación de los datos. Se concluye que la utilización del grito personal en el momento de realizar la acción de prensión de mano, incrementó la cantidad de fuerza medida en kilogramos, independientemente que se realizara con la mano dominante o no dominante; además de que este efecto positivo fue evidenciado en ambos géneros lo que demuestra que los resultados fueron producto de un estímulo neuromuscular, más que de factores de dominancia o de género.
The objective of this research was to identify the effects of the persons shout as an ergogenic source to improve the hand grip of adolescent. The group was formed by 44 adolescents, 25 females and 19 males. The average age was 16.10 +/- 0.7 years. To determine the hand grip strength, the participants had to apply their strength of their hand in a dynamometer, three times with the dominant hand and three times with the non-dominant hand, shouting at the moment of the execution, and three trials with each hand and without shouting. For the analysis, was elected the best try of every hand under each condition. An analysis of variance of Three Mixed Ways was used for the analysis and interpretation of the data. As a conclusion, was found that shouting in the moment of performing an action of dexterity of hand grip, it increases the amount of force applied measured in kilograms, regardless of the hand it is made with; besides the positive effect, it was evidenced that in both genders the results were the product of a stimulus rather than the neuromuscular factors or the dominance of gender.
Subject(s)
Female , Acoustic Stimulation/psychology , Hand Strength/physiology , Analysis of Variance , Functional Laterality , Muscle Strength Dynamometer , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
The literature has already demonstrated that auditory stimulation with music influences the cardiovascular system. In this study, we performed a literature review in order to investigate the relationship between auditory mechanisms and cardiac autonomic regulation. The selected studies indicated that there is a strong correlation between noise intensity and vagal-sympathetic balance. Also, it was reported that music therapy improved heart rate variability in anthracycline-treated breast cancer patients. It was hypothesized that dopamine release in the striatal system induced by pleasure songs are involved in the cardiac autonomic regulation. Further studies are necessary to add new elements in the literature to improve new therapies to treat cardiovascular disorders.(AU)
A literatura já demonstrou que a estimulação auditiva por meio de música influencia o sistema cardiovascular. Neste estudo, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura, a fim de investigar a relação entre os mecanismos auditivos e a regulação autonômica cardíaca. Os estudos selecionados indicaram forte correlação entre a intensidade do ruído e o equilíbrio simpatovagal. Além disso, foi relatado que a terapia com música melhorou a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em pacientes com câncer de mama tratados com antraciclinas. Postula-se que a dopamina liberada no sistema estriatal, induzida por canções alegres, está envolvida na regulação autonômica. Estudos posteriores são necessários para adicionar novos elementos na literatura, para melhorar a novas terapias e para o tratar doenças cardiovasculares.(AU)
Subject(s)
Acoustic Stimulation/psychology , Music Therapy , Coronary Disease/therapy , Heart Rate , ReviewABSTRACT
Previous studies have already demonstrated that auditory stimulation with music influences the cardiovascular system. In this study, we described the relationship between musical auditory stimulation and heart rate variability. Searches were performed with the Medline, SciELO, Lilacs and Cochrane databases using the following keywords: "auditory stimulation", "autonomic nervous system", "music" and "heart rate variability". The selected studies indicated that there is a strong correlation between noise intensity and vagal-sympathetic balance. Additionally, it was reported that music therapy improved heart rate variability in anthracycline-treated breast cancer patients. It was hypothesized that dopamine release in the striatal system induced by pleasurable songs is involved in cardiac autonomic regulation. Musical auditory stimulation influences heart rate variability through a neural mechanism that is not well understood. Further studies are necessary to develop new therapies to treat cardiovascular disorders.
Subject(s)
Acoustic Stimulation/psychology , Autonomic Nervous System/physiology , Heart Rate/physiology , Humans , Music TherapyABSTRACT
Previous studies have already demonstrated that auditory stimulation with music influences the cardiovascular system. In this study, we described the relationship between musical auditory stimulation and heart rate variability. Searches were performed with the Medline, SciELO, Lilacs and Cochrane databases using the following keywords: "auditory stimulation", "autonomic nervous system", "music" and "heart rate variability". The selected studies indicated that there is a strong correlation between noise intensity and vagal-sympathetic balance. Additionally, it was reported that music therapy improved heart rate variability in anthracycline-treated breast cancer patients. It was hypothesized that dopamine release in the striatal system induced by pleasurable songs is involved in cardiac autonomic regulation. Musical auditory stimulation influences heart rate variability through a neural mechanism that is not well understood. Further studies are necessary to develop new therapies to treat cardiovascular disorders.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acoustic Stimulation/psychology , Autonomic Nervous System/physiology , Heart Rate/physiology , Music TherapyABSTRACT
This study assesses whether different musical modes can influence the subjective estimation of time. The three musical stimuli, each of 64.3 sec. duration, had the same harmonic structure, although each was constructed in a different mode: Ionian (major), Aeolian (minor), or Locrian (diminished) mode. Study participants were 108 undergraduate students (56 men and 52 women) in Education (n = 41), Psychology (n = 32), or Law (n = 35), ages 17 to 35 years and nonmusicians, who were divided into three groups by the musical stimuli presented. Participants listened to the stimulus, made a temporal estimation of the stimulus duration, and provided a written verbal rating of mood state. Analysis of variance indicated the Locrian stimulus was estimated as longer than the Aeolian and Ionian stimuli which suggested the dissonant (unpleasant) stimuli was associated with a longer estimated duration than consonant (pleasant) stimuli.
Subject(s)
Auditory Perception , Esthetics/psychology , Music/psychology , Time Perception , Acoustic Stimulation/methods , Acoustic Stimulation/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Affect , Analysis of Variance , Female , Humans , Male , Students/psychology , Verbal BehaviorABSTRACT
CONCLUSIONS: Spontaneous musical auditory perceptions commonly occur in patients who develop abrupt bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. The findings in both subjects who were image tested while having these perceptions are suggestive of a biological substrate for this process and of a central locus for auditory memory seemingly located in and around area 39 of Brodmann. When an individual has abrupt bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, stored musical memory can be released and this person can have musical perceptions without an external source. It is likely that an abrupt bilateral loss of inner ear function might uninhibit neuronal groups storing auditory memory. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were as follows. (1) To determine if spontaneous musical auditory perceptions occur in patients who develop abrupt bilateral severe sensorineural hearing loss (not necessarily simultaneously). (2) To determine if there is a biological substrate to the process of recalling previous auditory perceptions. (3) To compare these findings with our normal databases of unstimulated and pure tone-stimulated volunteers. (4) To establish a hypothesis for the mechanisms of these occurrences. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty two patients who had had abrupt bilateral severe sensorineural hearing loss (the interval between the losses of both ears could have been years) were contacted. They were asked if they had ever had the sensation of having musical auditory perceptions without external auditory stimuli. Two of these patients were image tested with single photon computerized emission tomography (neuroSPECT) while they were having these perceptions. RESULTS: All of the 32 subjects had musical auditory perceptions following their hearing loss in the second ear or when hearing loss in both ears occurred simultaneously. The two patients who were image tested with neuroSPECT had similar findings. There was a statistically significant increase in perfusion in area 39 of Brodmann, more intense on the right side, with increased perfusion also in both frontal lobes at the middle gyrus, with bilateral hypoperfusion in area 38 of Brodmann. These findings are similar to those observed in normal volunteers stimulated with pure tones.