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1.
J Fish Biol ; 103(3): 635-645, 2023 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37296364

ABSTRACT

The andrological study of a species involves the macro- and microscopic analyses of the internal reproductive organs and the evaluation of seminal parameters and ultrastructural characteristics of the spermatozoa. As in other vertebrates, the male reproductive tract in chondrichthyans consists of testes and reproductive ducts (efferent duct, epididymis, Leydig's gland, ductus deferens and seminal vesicle). In this study the authors used three adult specimens of Zapteryx brevirostris from wild capture kept at the Ubatuba Aquarium, Brazil. Semen was collected by abdominal massage over the location of the seminal vesicle, preceded by ultrasonographic evaluation. The semen collected was diluted 1:200 and subject to quantitative and morphological analyses. Ultrastructural analysis was performed using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Correlation was observed between successful collection and ultrasonographic image of an engorged seminal vesicle, as well as testicles with easily delimitable margins and higher echogenicity. It was possible to identify free spermatozoa with helical filiform appearance, as well as spermatozeugmata. The average sperm concentration resulted in 5 million packets per millilitre and 140 million spermatozoa per millilitre. The sperm nucleus is described as follows: cone shaped, parachromatin sheath less dense than the chromatin of the nucleus, smooth depression of the nuclear fossa, abaxial axoneme 9 + 2 and accessory axonemal columns in positions 3 and 8 and oval shaped, with flattened inner surface in cross-section. These results broaden the knowledge of the andrology of this species, contributing to ex situ breeding programmes.


Subject(s)
Andrology , Skates, Fish , Male , Animals , Semen , Genitalia, Male/ultrastructure , Spermatozoa/ultrastructure , Testis/anatomy & histology , Fishes
2.
Rev. bras. reprod. anim ; 47(3): 536-543, jul.-set. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1436726

ABSTRACT

Na prática, compreender a anatomia reprodutiva, a fisiologia e o comportamento do macho, da espécie selvagem com a qual se está trabalhando, é essencial para a avaliação andrológica e para a reprodução bem sucedida. Neste artigo damos especial ênfase à andrologia de felídeos selvagens. O profissional pode ser chamado para solucionar problemas quando a espécie apresenta dificuldade de reprodução em cativeiro e/ou encontra-se ameaçada de extinção. Baixas taxas de fertilidade e de prenhez podem estar associadas ao macho, com influências do estresse pelo cativeiro, nutrição inadequada e erros de manejo reprodutivo. E também, as instituições que mantêm essas espécies sob cuidado humano poderão ser auxiliadas no manejo reprodutivo com o exame andrológico periódico, que pode ser acompanhado de criopreservação de sêmen para formação ou manutenção de um banco de reserva genômica. Como componente de um programa holístico de conservação, incluindo os estudos de ecologia de campo, esta estratégia fortalece ainda mais o vínculo entre as populações ex situ e in situ.(AU)


In practice, understanding the male reproductive anatomy, physiology and the behavior, of the wild species that you are working, is essential for andrological assessment and successful reproduction. In this article we give special emphasis to the andrology of wild felids. The professional can be called to solve problems when the species has difficulty reproducing in captivity and/or is threatened with extinction. Low fertility and pregnancy rates may be associated with the male, with influences from stress in captivity, inadequate nutrition and reproductive management errors. Also, the institutions that keep these species under human care can be assisted in reproductive management with periodic andrological examination, which can be accompanied by semen cryopreservation for the formation or maintenance of a genome resource bank. As a component of a holistic conservation program, including field ecology studies, this strategy further strengthens the link between ex situ and in situ populations.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Felidae/embryology , Animals, Wild/embryology , Andrology/trends
3.
Fertil Steril ; 117(1): 64-73, 2022 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34548170

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the intraindividual agreement of the sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) assay results to assess sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) in men with infertility. DESIGN: Diagnostic test reliability study. SETTING: Andrology laboratories. PATIENT(S): A total of 219 men with infertility. INTERVENTION(S): Sperm DNA fragmentation assessment in two ejaculates of the same subjects within a 3-month interval, using the SCD assay performed and analyzed by the same observers under similar testing conditions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Cohen's κ statistics to assess the degree of agreement between the pairs of results after converting the nominal SCD values into categorical data, that is, normal (<20%), intermediate (21%-29%), and high (≥30%) SDF rates. We also assessed the pairs of results using reliability measures for numerical variables (intraclass correlation coefficient for consistency using the two-way mixed-effects model and Bland-Altman plots). RESULT(S): The degree of agreement in classifying patients according to normal and pathological SDF classes was overall substantial (κ = 0.632; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.546-0.718). A total of 76.7% of individuals were classified under the same class using paired ejaculates. The agreement rate was highest (approximately 80%) in ejaculates initially classified as either normal or high and lowest (approximately 60%) among those with intermediate SDF levels. The frequency of intermediate SDF ejaculates downgraded to normal or upgrade to high SDF classes in the second test was similar (approximately 20%). The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.856 (95% CI, 0.812-0.887), and the mean difference between the pairs of observations was 0.80% (95% CI, -0.72 to 2.23), indicating no systematic difference between paired observations. CONCLUSION(S): Our study indicates a substantial intraindividual agreement of paired SCD assay results to classify men with infertility into three SDF categories: normal, intermediate, and high. The reliability of the SCD assay was adequate and exceeded 0.80 using two ejaculates analyzed within a 3-month interval under similar conditions. Although this evidence overall supports a single SCD test for patient classification using predefined SDF thresholds, particularly when the first test shows normal or high SDF levels, one in four men will have discordant values in paired ejaculates. Clinicians should be judicious when using SDF test results in decision-making.


Subject(s)
DNA Fragmentation , Infertility, Male/diagnosis , Semen Analysis/methods , Adult , Andrology/methods , Brazil , Chromatin/chemistry , Chromatin/metabolism , DNA/analysis , DNA/metabolism , Humans , Infertility, Male/genetics , Male , Middle Aged , Reproducibility of Results , Spain , Spermatozoa/chemistry , Spermatozoa/cytology , Spermatozoa/metabolism
4.
Rev. bras. reprod. anim ; 46(4): 369-372, out.-dez. 2022.
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1415071

ABSTRACT

Male dog fertility disorders are usually troublesome and challenging for a practicing veterinarian. It may be generally assumed, that reproductive potential in this species is lower than in farm animals and it is still decreasing. This situation starts to be similar to human medicine, where we observe dramatic drop of reproductive capacity, which resulted in the need of implementation of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART). Situation in dogs is more complicated owing the fact, that the use of ART meets many obstacles. Low fertility potential in dogs appears to be the result of variable factors such as: specific criteria of selection for reproduction in which fertility performance in not a priority, lack of periodical obligatory fertility check, species specific predisposition for many reproductive diseases and no age limit for reproductive use of males. Dogs are kept in human environment and exposition for civilizational byproducts influences negatively not only on our health, but also on health our 'minor brothers'. It should be bear in mind, that reproductive organs are very sensitive for environmental factors disrupting homeostatic balance. The decline in male dog fertility over the past decades was proved, with potential link to environmental contaminants (4). They were found in pet foods and were also detected in the sperm and testes of adult dogs causing a detrimental effects on sperm function. Over the 26 years of the study of Lea et al. (4), authors found a decrease in the percentage of normal motile sperm. Between 1988 and 1998, sperm motility declined by 2.5 per cent per year. Then from 2002 to 2014 sperm motility continued to decline at a rate of 1.2% per year. In addition, the male pups had an increased incidence of cryptorchidism. Basics of physiology of reproduction of male dogs. Normally the puberty in males is associated with presence of normal sperm cells in genital organs. It is reached in male dogs at age around 5-6 months. Such a young dog obviously cannot be used for reproduction. Reproductive maturity is associated later, with development of normal sexual behavior and production of sufficient number of normal, fertilizing competent spermatozoa. It corresponds with 12-18 months of animal age. Testicular descent is completed usually before weaning period, but sometimes testicles may reach scrotum later, but never after the end of 6 month of age. That time inguinal canals start to be so narrow, that caudal passing of gonads is unlikely. Male dogs have only one accessory sexual gland - prostate, which produces vast portion of seminal plasma.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Dogs/physiology , Fertility/physiology , Reproductive Techniques, Assisted/veterinary , Andrology/methods , Reproductive Physiological Phenomena
5.
Rev. bras. reprod. anim ; 46(2): 135-141, Abril-Junho 2022. graf, ilus
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1378115

ABSTRACT

Neste texto são abordados dados sobre o rebanho pecuário brasileiro, sobre conceitos básicos de genômica, resultados da aplicação da genômica na área e novos projetos em andamento ligados à fertilidade de machos, com auxílio da genômica.(AU)


This text discusses data on the Brazilian results of the application of genomics in the area and new projects in progress related to male fertility, with the help of genomics.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Cattle/genetics , Genomics/methods , Fertility/genetics , Animal Husbandry/methods , Andrology
6.
Semina ciênc. agrar ; 42(05): 2839-2850, set.-out. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1501876

ABSTRACT

It was aimed to evaluate anti-GnRH vaccine efficiency on productive characteristics, seminal performance, size, and histology of testicles of lambs submitted to immunocastration. Twenty contemporary Texel lambs were evaluated, being 10 animals received two doses of 1 mL of anti-GnRH vaccine and 10 received two doses of 1 mL of saline, with an interval of 30 days. Seminal characteristics, weight and histological cut for the testicles, productive performance, and blood parameters were analyzed. Andrological monitoring was carried out every 30 days. All animals were kept on pasture of Urochloa spp. receiving daily supplementation protein-energetic by 90 days. There was effect of immunocastration on slaughter weight (44.3 vs. 48.3 kg),total gain (9.9 vs. 10.3 kg), daily gain (104.5 vs. 108.9 g/day), and feed conversion (5.83 vs. 5.97) respectivelyto immunocastrated and intact lambs. There was immunocastration effect on testicle weight (0.09 vs. 0.35g), motility (4.5 vs. 61.0%), vigor (0.40 vs. 3.00), volume (0.09 vs. 0.74 mL) and swirling (0.20 vs. 2.70) in the third semen collection. Immunocastration through two doses of 1 mL of anti-GnRH vaccine with a 30-day interval between doses, causes infertility in sheep and can be adopted for lambs.


O objetivo foi avaliar a eficiência da vacina anti-GnRH quanto às características de desempenho produtivo e seminais, tamanho e histologia dos testículos de cordeiros submetidos à imunocastração. Foram avaliados 20 cordeiros contemporâneos cruzados SRD x Texel, dos quais 10 animais receberam duas doses de 1 mL de vacina anti-GnRH e 10 receberam duas doses de 1 mL de soro fisiológico, com intervalo de 30 dias entre doses. As variáveis analisadas foram concentração espermática, motilidade, vigor, turbilhonamento e volume de ejaculado para o sêmen, peso e corte histológico para os testículos, peso ao abate, ganho de peso total, ganho médio diário, consumo médio de suplemento e conversão alimentar para o desempenho produtivo e GGT, AST, albumina, creatinina, proteínas totais e ureia para o sangue. A cada 30 dias foi realizado o acompanhamento andrológico para verificação do efeito da vacina sobre características seminais e testiculares dos animais. Durante os 90 dias de duração do experimento, os animais foram mantidos a pasto de Urochloa spp., com suplementação diária, sendo abatidos ao final deste período. Houve diferença entre animais imunocastrados e inteiros respectivamente, para o peso ao abate (44,3 vs. 48,3 kg), ganho de peso total (9,9 vs 10,3 kg), ganho médio diário (104,5 vs. 108,9 g/dia) e conversão alimentar (5,83 vs. 5,97). Houve efeito significativo para motilidade (4,5 vs. 61,0%), vigor (0,40vs. 3,00), volume (0,09 vs. 0,74 mL) e turbilhonamento (0,20 vs. 2,70) na terceira colheita de sêmen, que foi 30 dias após a segunda dose da vacina. Houve efeito significativo para peso dos testículos (0,09 vs. 0,35g). No perfil bioquímico do sangue dos animais não houve alterações significativas durante o experimento em ambos os tratamentos. A imunocastração através de duas doses de 1 mL de vacina anti-GnRH com 30 dias de intervalo entre as doses, [...].


Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Andrology , Contraception, Immunologic/adverse effects , Contraception, Immunologic/veterinary , Sheep/physiology , Semen/drug effects
7.
Semina ciênc. agrar ; 42(05): 3057-3063, set.-out. 2021. tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1501890

ABSTRACT

The goal of this study was to evaluate the rejection rates of Zebu bulls during behavioral assessment (libido and serving ability) and the importance of this step in bull breeding soundness evaluation (BBSE). A totalof 1,534 bulls reared in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, of Nelore (1,340), Brahman (76), Guzerá (98), and Tabapuã (210) breeds were evaluated. The evaluation consisted of four steps. Step I was the general physical examination, Step II genital tract examination, Step III semen evaluation, and Step IV behavioral assessment of libido and the ability to complete copulation. To evaluate the relationship between the binary variables of approved or rejected during different steps of the BBSE, and age groups (young and mature bulls), chi-square tests and logistic regression were used. The general rejection rates in the BBSE were 5.64% and 15.20% for young and mature Zebu bulls, respectively. Problems with the sexual behavior (libido and/or serving ability) of bulls accounted for the rejection of 0.46% and 2.29% of young and mature Zebubulls, respectively. The lack of libido and serving ability was shown to be an important problem concerning the total number of possible causes of Zebu bull rejection during the BBSE. This result suggests that the behavioral step should be performed regularly, rather than being complementary to the standard BBSE in Zebu cattle.


O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as taxas de reprovação de touros zebuínos durante a avaliação comportamental (libido e habilidade física) e a importância desta etapa no Exame Andrológico em Touros (EAT). Foram avaliados 1.534 touros, criados no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, das raças Nelore(1.340), Brahman (76), Guzerá (98) e Tabapuã (210). A avaliação constou de quatro etapas. Etapa I foi o exame físico geral, Etapa II o exame do trato genital, Etapa III a avaliação do sêmen, e a Etapa IV a avaliação comportamental de libido e habilidade física para completar a cópula. Para avaliar a relação entre a variável binária aprovado ou reprovado durante as diferentes etapas do exame andrológico e as faixas etárias (touros jovens e adultos), foram utilizados os testes de qui-quadrado e de regressão logística. As taxas gerais de reprovação no EAT foram de 5,64% e 15,20% para os touros Zebu jovens e adultos, respectivamente. Problemas no comportamento sexual (libido e/ou habilidade física) dos touros foram responsáveis pela reprovação de 0,46% e 2,29% dos touros zebuínos jovens e adultos, respectivamente. A falta de libido e de habilidade física mostrou-se um problema importante em relação ao número total de possíveis causas de reprovação de touros zebuínos no EAT. Esse resultado sugere que a etapa comportamental deve ser realizada regularmente, ao invés de ser apenas complementar ao EAT padrão em bovinos zebuínos.


Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Cattle , Andrology , Cattle/physiology , Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology , Libido/physiology
8.
Semina Ci. agr. ; 42(05): 2839-2850, set.-out. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-33444

ABSTRACT

It was aimed to evaluate anti-GnRH vaccine efficiency on productive characteristics, seminal performance, size, and histology of testicles of lambs submitted to immunocastration. Twenty contemporary Texel lambs were evaluated, being 10 animals received two doses of 1 mL of anti-GnRH vaccine and 10 received two doses of 1 mL of saline, with an interval of 30 days. Seminal characteristics, weight and histological cut for the testicles, productive performance, and blood parameters were analyzed. Andrological monitoring was carried out every 30 days. All animals were kept on pasture of Urochloa spp. receiving daily supplementation protein-energetic by 90 days. There was effect of immunocastration on slaughter weight (44.3 vs. 48.3 kg),total gain (9.9 vs. 10.3 kg), daily gain (104.5 vs. 108.9 g/day), and feed conversion (5.83 vs. 5.97) respectivelyto immunocastrated and intact lambs. There was immunocastration effect on testicle weight (0.09 vs. 0.35g), motility (4.5 vs. 61.0%), vigor (0.40 vs. 3.00), volume (0.09 vs. 0.74 mL) and swirling (0.20 vs. 2.70) in the third semen collection. Immunocastration through two doses of 1 mL of anti-GnRH vaccine with a 30-day interval between doses, causes infertility in sheep and can be adopted for lambs.(AU)


O objetivo foi avaliar a eficiência da vacina anti-GnRH quanto às características de desempenho produtivo e seminais, tamanho e histologia dos testículos de cordeiros submetidos à imunocastração. Foram avaliados 20 cordeiros contemporâneos cruzados SRD x Texel, dos quais 10 animais receberam duas doses de 1 mL de vacina anti-GnRH e 10 receberam duas doses de 1 mL de soro fisiológico, com intervalo de 30 dias entre doses. As variáveis analisadas foram concentração espermática, motilidade, vigor, turbilhonamento e volume de ejaculado para o sêmen, peso e corte histológico para os testículos, peso ao abate, ganho de peso total, ganho médio diário, consumo médio de suplemento e conversão alimentar para o desempenho produtivo e GGT, AST, albumina, creatinina, proteínas totais e ureia para o sangue. A cada 30 dias foi realizado o acompanhamento andrológico para verificação do efeito da vacina sobre características seminais e testiculares dos animais. Durante os 90 dias de duração do experimento, os animais foram mantidos a pasto de Urochloa spp., com suplementação diária, sendo abatidos ao final deste período. Houve diferença entre animais imunocastrados e inteiros respectivamente, para o peso ao abate (44,3 vs. 48,3 kg), ganho de peso total (9,9 vs 10,3 kg), ganho médio diário (104,5 vs. 108,9 g/dia) e conversão alimentar (5,83 vs. 5,97). Houve efeito significativo para motilidade (4,5 vs. 61,0%), vigor (0,40vs. 3,00), volume (0,09 vs. 0,74 mL) e turbilhonamento (0,20 vs. 2,70) na terceira colheita de sêmen, que foi 30 dias após a segunda dose da vacina. Houve efeito significativo para peso dos testículos (0,09 vs. 0,35g). No perfil bioquímico do sangue dos animais não houve alterações significativas durante o experimento em ambos os tratamentos. A imunocastração através de duas doses de 1 mL de vacina anti-GnRH com 30 dias de intervalo entre as doses, [...].(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Contraception, Immunologic/adverse effects , Contraception, Immunologic/veterinary , Sheep/physiology , Semen/drug effects , Andrology
9.
Semina Ci. agr. ; 42(05): 3057-3063, set.-out. 2021. tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-33311

ABSTRACT

The goal of this study was to evaluate the rejection rates of Zebu bulls during behavioral assessment (libido and serving ability) and the importance of this step in bull breeding soundness evaluation (BBSE). A totalof 1,534 bulls reared in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, of Nelore (1,340), Brahman (76), Guzerá (98), and Tabapuã (210) breeds were evaluated. The evaluation consisted of four steps. Step I was the general physical examination, Step II genital tract examination, Step III semen evaluation, and Step IV behavioral assessment of libido and the ability to complete copulation. To evaluate the relationship between the binary variables of approved or rejected during different steps of the BBSE, and age groups (young and mature bulls), chi-square tests and logistic regression were used. The general rejection rates in the BBSE were 5.64% and 15.20% for young and mature Zebu bulls, respectively. Problems with the sexual behavior (libido and/or serving ability) of bulls accounted for the rejection of 0.46% and 2.29% of young and mature Zebubulls, respectively. The lack of libido and serving ability was shown to be an important problem concerning the total number of possible causes of Zebu bull rejection during the BBSE. This result suggests that the behavioral step should be performed regularly, rather than being complementary to the standard BBSE in Zebu cattle.(AU)


O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as taxas de reprovação de touros zebuínos durante a avaliação comportamental (libido e habilidade física) e a importância desta etapa no Exame Andrológico em Touros (EAT). Foram avaliados 1.534 touros, criados no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, das raças Nelore(1.340), Brahman (76), Guzerá (98) e Tabapuã (210). A avaliação constou de quatro etapas. Etapa I foi o exame físico geral, Etapa II o exame do trato genital, Etapa III a avaliação do sêmen, e a Etapa IV a avaliação comportamental de libido e habilidade física para completar a cópula. Para avaliar a relação entre a variável binária aprovado ou reprovado durante as diferentes etapas do exame andrológico e as faixas etárias (touros jovens e adultos), foram utilizados os testes de qui-quadrado e de regressão logística. As taxas gerais de reprovação no EAT foram de 5,64% e 15,20% para os touros Zebu jovens e adultos, respectivamente. Problemas no comportamento sexual (libido e/ou habilidade física) dos touros foram responsáveis pela reprovação de 0,46% e 2,29% dos touros zebuínos jovens e adultos, respectivamente. A falta de libido e de habilidade física mostrou-se um problema importante em relação ao número total de possíveis causas de reprovação de touros zebuínos no EAT. Esse resultado sugere que a etapa comportamental deve ser realizada regularmente, ao invés de ser apenas complementar ao EAT padrão em bovinos zebuínos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Cattle , Cattle/physiology , Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology , Libido/physiology , Andrology
10.
Andrology ; 9(1): 10-18, 2021 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32357288

ABSTRACT

The prolonged lockdown of health facilities providing non-urgent gamete cryopreservation-as currently recommended by many reproductive medicine entities and regulatory authorities due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic will be detrimental for subgroups of male infertility patients. We believe the existing recommendations should be promptly modified and propose that the same permissive approach for sperm banking granted for men with cancer is expanded to other groups of vulnerable patients. These groups include infertility patients (eg, azoospermic and cryptozoospermic) undergoing medical or surgical treatment to improve sperm quantity and quality, as well as males of reproductive age affected by inflammatory and systemic auto-immune diseases who are about to start treatment with gonadotoxic drugs or who are under remission. In both scenarios, the "fertility window" may be transitory; postponing diagnostic semen analysis and sperm banking in these men could compromise the prospects of biological parenthood. Moreover, we provide recommendations on how to continue the provision of andrological services in a considered manner and a safe environment. Our opinion is timely and relevant given the fact that fertility services are currently rated as of low priority in most countries.


Subject(s)
Andrology/organization & administration , COVID-19 , Health Services Accessibility/organization & administration , Health Services Needs and Demand/organization & administration , Infertility, Male/therapy , Needs Assessment/organization & administration , Humans , Infertility, Male/diagnosis , Infertility, Male/physiopathology , Male
11.
Rev. bras. reprod. anim ; 45(4): 443-452, out.-dez. 2021. ilus
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1492693

ABSTRACT

Urospermia, contaminação do sêmen com urina durante a ejaculação, é considerada a segunda causa mais frequente de disfunção ejaculatoria em garanhões. A presença de urina no sêmen pode afetar drasticamente a fertilidade através do pH alcalino e alta osmolaridade da urina, além de causar uma potencial inflamação uterina após a cobertura ou inseminação artificial. Esta condição pode estar associada a outras doenças como cistite, herpesvírus equino-1 e paralisia periódica hipercalêmica; no entanto, causas idiopáticas são as mais comuns. Por esse motivo, o tratamento da urospermia pode ser frustrante e o prognóstico para a resolução completa dessa condição costuma ser desfavorável. Garanhões que sofrem de urospermia são frequentemente diagnosticados após resultados frustrantes de fertilidade e baixa qualidade do sêmen. O diagnóstico de urospermia é baseado na aparência amarela e odor típico, presença de cristais de urina, pH alcalino, além do aumento da creatinina e níveis de nitrogênio. O tratamento da urospermia é desafiador, já que a maioria dos casos é idiopática, limitando as opções terapêuticas. No entanto, quando uma condição primária é diagnosticada, ela deve ser tratada para tentar resolver a causa da urospermia. Na maioria dos casos, as terapias direcionadas à redução da contaminação da urina incluem a redução da quantidade de urina na bexiga antes da cobertura ou coleta de sêmen, tratamento farmacológico para auxiliar o fechamento do colo da bexiga durante a ejaculação, ou a coleta apenas da porção rica em esperma através da coleta fracionada do ejaculado. O método mais simples e estabelecido para o manejo da urospermia é encorajar o garanhão a urinar antes da coleta de sêmen ou cobertura natural. No entanto, quando a coleta de sêmen livre de urina não é possível, o sêmen contaminado com urina pode ser processado para minimizar os efeitos adversos do pH e da osmolaridade ao esperma. O sêmen contaminado com urina deve ser diluído com diluente à base de leite no intuito de diminuir os efeitos deletérios da urina sobre os espermatozoides. A centrifugação com gradiente de densidade a fim de selecionar os espermatozoides com características superiores também é uma alternativa nesses casos. Além disso, a criopreservação de sêmen contendo baixos níveis de contaminação com urina pode ser realizada.


Urospermia is the contamination of semen with urine during ejaculation. Urospermia is the second most frequent ejaculatory dysfunction of stallions. It can drastically affect fertility mediated by alkaline pH, the high osmolarity of urine, and presumably excessive post-breeding inflammatory response. This condition can be associated with many other diseases (i.e., cystitis, equine herpesvirus-1, and hyperkalemic periodic paralysis); however, idiopathic causes appear to be predominant. For this reason, the treatment of urospermia can be frustrating, and the prognosis for complete resolution of this condition is often poor. Stallions suffering from urospermia are usually diagnosed after poor semen quality and fertility results. Diagnosis of urospermia is based on the yellow appearance, urine smell, urine crystal, alkaline pH, increased creatinine, and urea nitrogen levels. The treatment for urospermia is challenging. Most cases are idiopathic, thereby limiting therapeutic options. However, when a primary condition is diagnosed, it should be treated to solve the cause of urospermia. In most cases, therapies directed at reducing urine contamination include reducing the amount of urine in the bladder before breeding, pharmacological treatments to enhance bladder neck closure during ejaculation, or collecting only the sperm-rich portion of the ejaculate using an open-ended artificial vagina are used to manage stallions with urospermia. The simplest and most established method for managing urospermia is to encourage the stallion to urinate before semen collection or natural breeding. However, when the collection of semen free from urine is not possible, urine-contaminated semen can be processed to minimize the adverse effects of pH and osmolarity on the sperm. Semen contaminated with urine should be immediately extended with a milk-based extender to mitigate the deleterious effects of urine on the sperm. Single-layer gradient centrifugation can also be used to select sperm with superior traits for low urine contamination. In addition, semen cryopreservation can be performed in stallion semen with a low level of urine contamination.


Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Andrology/methods , Semen Analysis/methods , Semen Analysis/veterinary , Horses , Fertility
12.
Rev. bras. reprod. anim ; 45(4): 574-582, out.-dez. 2021. ilus
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1492711

ABSTRACT

A ultrassonografia do sistema reprodutivo é uma importante ferramenta utilizada em associação ao exame andrológico para avaliação de machos reprodutores. Novas modalidades de análise ultrassonográfica foram descritas na última década, como a análise Doppler da artéria testicular. O objetivo deste texto é apresentar estas modalidades com o intuito de acrescentar informações importantes ao exame andrológico de cães e gatos.


The ultrasound of the reproductive system is an important tool used in association with the andrological examination to evaluate reproductive males. New modalities of ultrasound analysis have been described in the last decade, such as the Doppler analysis of the testicular artery. The objective of this text is to present these tools in order to add important information to the andrological examination of dogs and cats.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Dogs , Andrology , Dogs , Cats , Ultrasonography, Doppler
13.
Rev. bras. reprod. anim ; 45(4): 620-624, out.-dez. 2021. ilus
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1492716

ABSTRACT

Os primeiros estudos de espermatozoides com citometria de fluxo com espermatozoides iniciaram no final da década de 1970. Com os avanços tecnológicos, hoje contamos com equipamentos com alta sensibilidade e eficiência que, em conjunto com amplo catálogo de sondas fluorescentes, podemos mensurar com alta precisão características celulares. Como exemplo, destacam-se dano em membrana plasmática, atividade mitocondrial, produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio, dano ao DNA espermático e muito mais. Na presente revisão, as potencialidades e limitação para a implementação da citometria de fluxo na análise seminal de espécies domésticas são exploradas e comentadas.


The first flow cytometry studies with spermatozoa were published in the late 1970s. With the technological advances in the following years, today we have equipments with high sensitivity and efficiency that, together with a large number of commercially available fluorescent probes, allow us to measure different cell characteristics with high accuracy. Some of the most evaluated characteristics are plasma membrane damage, mitochondrial activity, production of reactive oxygen species, sperm DNA damage, and much more. In this review, the potentials and limitations for the implementation of flow cytometry in the seminal analysis of domestic species are explored and commented.


Subject(s)
Animals , Andrology/education , Flow Cytometry/methods , Flow Cytometry/veterinary , DNA Damage , Cell Membrane , Mitochondria/genetics
14.
Rev. bras. reprod. anim ; 45(4): 219-228, out.-dez. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1492663

ABSTRACT

O desenvolvimento de tecnologias reprodutivas e conhecimentos sobre a andrologia de grandes felinos caminham a pequenos passos, com avanços na última década. Estudos sobre o comportamento de onças-pintadas (Panthera onca) revelam as sequências de comportamentos sócio-sexuais e levantam a possibilidade de a ovulação poder ocorrer por estímulos sensoriais, e não somente pela estimulação mecânica durante a cópula. Um grande avanço na andrologia dos felinos foi o desenvolvimento da colheita farmacológica com α2-agonistas, que já se mostrou eficiente também nos grandes felinos neotropicais. Este foi um verdadeiro divisor de águas para a criopreservação de sêmen, especialmente em animais de vida livre. Pouco se avançou, no entanto, no meio de criopreservação, ainda hoje os meios indicados são à base de TRIS-gema-glicerol, porém a gema não é estável suficiente para uso em animais de vida livre, sendo necessária avaliação de substitutivos como as lipoproteínas de baixa densidade e lecitina de soja. O aprimoramento de reprodução assistida nos felinos neotropicais é pungente, em especial a onça-pintada visto que em alguns biomas a espécie está criticamente em perigo.


The development of reproductive technologies and knowledge about the andrology of big cats are taking small steps, with advances in the last decade. Studies on the sexual behavior of jaguars (Panthera onca) reveal the sequences of sexual behaviors and raise the possibility that ovulation may occur through sensory stimuli and not only through mechanical stimulation during copulation. A significant advance in feline andrology was the development of pharmacological semen collection with α2-agonists, which has proved efficient in neotropical big cats. It was disruptive for semen cryopreservation, especially in free-living animals. Little progress has been made; however, in the cryopreservation environment, even today, the indicated means are based on TRIS-yolk-glycerol. However, the yolk is not stable enough for use in free-living animals, requiring the evaluation of substitutes such as low-density lipoproteins and soy lecithin. The improvement of assisted reproduction in neotropical felines is poignant, especially the jaguar, since in some biomes, the species is critically endangered.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Andrology/trends , Cryopreservation , Panthera , Puma , Pharmacological Phenomena
15.
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) ; 66(2): 112-115, 2020 May 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32428143

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The stone monuments named as "Orhon" inscriptions located in Middle Asia are considered the first written Turkish findings. Our aim was to discuss the contents and physical appearance of the monuments according to the andrological perspective. METHODS: These inscriptions were composed of three stone monuments built in the years 720-735 AD, in honor of three Khagans (Ruling leaders). RESULTS: Although the theme of the writings emphasizes the male-dominant ruling style of the antique Middle Asian migratory tribes, we claim that the most interesting point was that the phallus had a secret role in the perspective of the stone monuments. CONCLUSION: The trilogy of power, state authority, and erection was monumentalized in 8th-century inscriptions. The signs of Andrology should be sought in history, archeology, and art to expand the esthetic horizon of modern medical sciences.


Subject(s)
Andrology/history , Medicine in the Arts/history , History, Medieval , Humans , Male , Penis , Turkey
16.
Ciênc. Anim. (Impr.) ; 30(04, Supl. 2): 44-56, 2020.
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1472543

ABSTRACT

O processo de fertilização é resultante de diversos mecanismos funcionais e estruturais do espermatozoide. Na andrologia veterinária, no que se refere à avaliação do potencial coeundi e generandi, estão disponíveis diversos testes laboratoriais e de imagem que servem como ferramenta de seleção de touros para a reprodução durante a estação de monta. Estas metodologias auxiliam nos protocolos de criopreservação espermática, na investigação de melhores crioprotetores e diluidores para uso in vivo ou in vitro. No entanto, são poucos utilizadas na rotina diária a campo e restritos aos centros de pesquisa. A presente revisão de literatura objetiva descrever as metodologias que estimam o potencial fecundante do sêmen criopreservado do touro.


The fertilization process is the result of several functional and structural mechanisms of the sperm. In veterinary andrology, with regard to the evaluation of the coeundi and generandi potential, several laboratory and image tests are available that serve as a tool for selecting bulls for breeding during the breeding season. These methodologies assist in sperm cryopreservation protocols, in the investigation of better cryoprotectants and extenders for use in vivo or in vitro. However, they are few used in the daily routine in the field and restricted to research centers. The present literature review aims to describe the methodologies that estimate the fertile potential of the bulls cryopreserved semen.


Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Cattle , Andrology , Semen Analysis/methods , Semen Analysis/veterinary , Sperm Banks/methods
17.
R. bras. Reprod. Anim. ; 44(3): 83-88, jul.-set. 2020. ^ilus
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-761988

ABSTRACT

A gota citoplasmática é uma protuberância de citoplasma geralmente posicionada na peça intermediária dos espermatozoides. É considerada uma organela transitória, uma vez que migra pelo espermatozoide durante o trânsito epididimário, quando é removida dessas células na maioria dos mamíferos. Dúvidas sobre se a presença desta gota está relacionada de forma positiva ou negativa com a função e fertilidade espermática são frequentes, já que sua presença no ejaculado pode afetar a fertilidade espermática e o uso do sêmen em biotécnicas da reprodução. Porém, mesmo não sendo totalmente compreendida a nível molecular e funcional, sabe-se que a gota citoplasmática é necessária ao espermatozoide durante seu processo de maturação no epidídimo. Por isso, o objetivo desta revisão foi abordar pontos sobre a fisiologia e funções das gotas citoplasmáticas, bem como relacionar sua presença com a maturação e fertilidade dos espermatozoides.(AU)


The cytoplasmic droplet is a protuberance of cytoplasm usually positioned in the sperm midpiece. It is considered a transient organelle that migrates through the sperm cell during its epididymal transit when it is finally removed from the cell in most mammals. Doubts over whether the presence of cytoplasmic droplets is positively or negatively related to sperm functions and fertility are common, as its presence in the ejaculate may affect sperm fertility and the use of semen in assisted reproductive technology. Although the understanding of cytoplasmic droplets function is not fully clarified at molecular and functional levels, it is known that cytoplasmic droplet is necessary for spermatozoa, especially during their maturation in the epididymal duct. Therefore, the aim of this review was to discuss aspects of the physiology and function of cytoplasmic droplets, as well as to relate their presence to sperm maturation and their consequent fertility.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Spermatozoa/classification , Spermatozoa/enzymology , Fertility , Sperm Maturation , Andrology
18.
Ci. Anim. ; 30(04, Supl. 2): 44-56, 2020.
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-32263

ABSTRACT

O processo de fertilização é resultante de diversos mecanismos funcionais e estruturais do espermatozoide. Na andrologia veterinária, no que se refere à avaliação do potencial coeundi e generandi, estão disponíveis diversos testes laboratoriais e de imagem que servem como ferramenta de seleção de touros para a reprodução durante a estação de monta. Estas metodologias auxiliam nos protocolos de criopreservação espermática, na investigação de melhores crioprotetores e diluidores para uso in vivo ou in vitro. No entanto, são poucos utilizadas na rotina diária a campo e restritos aos centros de pesquisa. A presente revisão de literatura objetiva descrever as metodologias que estimam o potencial fecundante do sêmen criopreservado do touro.(AU)


The fertilization process is the result of several functional and structural mechanisms of the sperm. In veterinary andrology, with regard to the evaluation of the coeundi and generandi potential, several laboratory and image tests are available that serve as a tool for selecting bulls for breeding during the breeding season. These methodologies assist in sperm cryopreservation protocols, in the investigation of better cryoprotectants and extenders for use in vivo or in vitro. However, they are few used in the daily routine in the field and restricted to research centers. The present literature review aims to describe the methodologies that estimate the fertile potential of the bulls cryopreserved semen.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Cattle , Sperm Banks/methods , Semen Analysis/methods , Semen Analysis/veterinary , Andrology
19.
Rev. bras. reprod. anim ; 44(3): 83-88, jul.-set. 2020. ilus
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1492619

ABSTRACT

A gota citoplasmática é uma protuberância de citoplasma geralmente posicionada na peça intermediária dos espermatozoides. É considerada uma organela transitória, uma vez que migra pelo espermatozoide durante o trânsito epididimário, quando é removida dessas células na maioria dos mamíferos. Dúvidas sobre se a presença desta gota está relacionada de forma positiva ou negativa com a função e fertilidade espermática são frequentes, já que sua presença no ejaculado pode afetar a fertilidade espermática e o uso do sêmen em biotécnicas da reprodução. Porém, mesmo não sendo totalmente compreendida a nível molecular e funcional, sabe-se que a gota citoplasmática é necessária ao espermatozoide durante seu processo de maturação no epidídimo. Por isso, o objetivo desta revisão foi abordar pontos sobre a fisiologia e funções das gotas citoplasmáticas, bem como relacionar sua presença com a maturação e fertilidade dos espermatozoides.


The cytoplasmic droplet is a protuberance of cytoplasm usually positioned in the sperm midpiece. It is considered a transient organelle that migrates through the sperm cell during its epididymal transit when it is finally removed from the cell in most mammals. Doubts over whether the presence of cytoplasmic droplets is positively or negatively related to sperm functions and fertility are common, as its presence in the ejaculate may affect sperm fertility and the use of semen in assisted reproductive technology. Although the understanding of cytoplasmic droplets function is not fully clarified at molecular and functional levels, it is known that cytoplasmic droplet is necessary for spermatozoa, especially during their maturation in the epididymal duct. Therefore, the aim of this review was to discuss aspects of the physiology and function of cytoplasmic droplets, as well as to relate their presence to sperm maturation and their consequent fertility.


Subject(s)
Animals , Spermatozoa/classification , Spermatozoa/enzymology , Fertility , Sperm Maturation , Andrology
20.
Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam ; Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam;53(3): 315-321, set. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1038101

ABSTRACT

La acreditación de laboratorios especializados en Andrología tiene como objetivo promover, mejorar y asegurar la calidad del servicio. Las especialidades requieren de la participación de expertos que asesoren a los organismos autónomos que efectúan las auditorías de tercera parte. El objetivo del trabajo es comunicar la experiencia de trabajo cooperativo llevado a cabo por una sociedad científica, la Sociedad Argentina de Andrología (SAA) y el Programa de Acreditación de Laboratorios (PAL) de la Fundación Bioquímica Argentina (FBA) para el aseguramiento de la calidad de la prestación bioquímica en el área andrológica. Con tal fin se firmó un convenio marco y específico de colaboración para la acreditación de laboratorios especializados en Andrología. La FBA llevaría a cabo la logística del proceso, con su plantel de auditores, aplicando como instrumento el Manual de Acreditación MA3 y la SAA proveería asesoramiento científico. Junto con las autoridades del PAL se elaboró un documento que especifica los apartados correspondientes al MA3 capítulo Nº 4 Anexo Nº 4, "Estándares para la acreditación de laboratorios especializados". Se realizó capacitación para la elaboración de la documentación y formación de los auditores en la especialidad. Esta experiencia demuestra que el trabajo cooperativo entre organizaciones permite alcanzar logros a favor de la seguridad del paciente.


Laboratory accreditation aims to promote, improve and ensure the quality of the service. The specialties require the participation of experts who advise the autonomous bodies that carry out third-party audits. The objective is to communicate the experience of cooperative work carried out by a scientific society, the Sociedad Argentina de Andrología (SAA) (Argentine Society of Andrology) and the Laboratory Certification Programme (PAL for its name in Spanish) of Fundación Bioquímica Argentina (FBA) (Argentine Biochemistry Foundation) for quality assurance of the biochemical work in the andrology area. To reach this goal, a framework and specific collaboration agreement was signed for the certification of specialized laboratories in Andrology. The FBA will carry out the logistics of the process, with its auditors' staff, applying the MA3 Accreditation Manual as an instrument, and the SAA will provide scientific advice. Together with the PAL authorities, a document was drawn to specify the sections corresponding to the MA3 chapter No. 4 Annex No. 4, "Standards for the certification of specialized laboratories". Training was carried out to prepare the documentation and the auditors in the specialty were trained as well. This experience has proven that cooperative work between organizations can achieve results favouring the patient's safety.


O credenciamento dos laboratórios visa promover, melhorar e garantir a qualidade do serviço. As especialidades requerem a participação de profissionais que assessoram os órgãos autônomos que realizam auditorias de terceiros. O objetivo é comunicar a experiência do trabalho cooperativo realizado por uma sociedade científica, a Sociedade Argentina de Andrologia (SAA) e o Programa de Credenciamento (PAL) da Fundação Bioquímica Argentina (FBA) para garantir a qualidade do trabalho bioquímico na área andrológica. Para esse fim, foi assinado um acordo-quadro e específico de cooperação para o credenciamento de laboratórios especializados em Andrologia. A FBA iria executar a logística do processo, com a sua equipe de auditores, por meio do Manual de Credenciamento MA3 como instrumento e a SAA como um instrumento e a SAA forneceria assessoramento científico. Junto com as autoridades do PAL foi elaborado um documento especificando as seções relativas ao MA3 capítulo Nº 4 Anexo Nº 4, "Normas para a credenciamento de laboratórios especializados". O treinamento foi realizado para a elaboração da documentação e formação dos auditores na especialidade. Essa experiência tem demonstrado que o trabalho cooperativo entre organizações permite atingir resultados positivos para a segurança do paciente.


Subject(s)
Certification/standards , Andrology/standards , Argentina , Health Facility Accreditation
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