ABSTRACT
Proteolipid was demonstrated to contain the nucleator of bone matrix calcification, in vitro. Crude phospholipid extracted from bone matrix was fractionated by gel filtration. A single, protein-containing fraction induced apatite crystallization in a metastable calcium phosphate solution. The fraction was identified as proteolipid. The result supports the validity of a microbiologic analogue for vertebrate calcification.
Subject(s)
Bone Matrix/metabolism , Calcification, Physiologic , Proteolipids/pharmacology , Actinomyces/metabolism , Amino Acids/analysis , Animals , Apatites/biosynthesis , Callitrichinae , Chromatography, Gel , Haplorhini , In Vitro Techniques , Methods , Phospholipids/analysis , Proteolipids/analysisABSTRACT
Nine strains of cariogenic Streptococcus mutans and two strains of Streptococcus sanguis were tested for their ability to form hydroxyapatite. The cells were examined by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy for apatite crystals after growth in a synthetic calcification medium. Each of the test isolates, except for one strain of S. sanguis, produced intracellular mineral. Two strains of S. mutans formed both intra- and extracellular crystals. There was no apparent relationship between calcifiability and serotype.
Subject(s)
Apatites , Inclusion Bodies/ultrastructure , Streptococcus/ultrastructure , Apatites/biosynthesis , Crystallography , Microscopy, Electron , Serotyping , Species Specificity , Streptococcus/growth & development , Streptococcus/metabolism , X-Ray DiffractionSubject(s)
Calcinosis , Animals , Apatites/biosynthesis , Bone Matrix/drug effects , Bone Matrix/metabolism , Bone and Bones/metabolism , Calcium/metabolism , Calcium Phosphates/metabolism , Catalysis , Collagen/metabolism , Diphosphates/pharmacology , Diphosphoglyceric Acids/pharmacology , Fluorides/pharmacology , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Hydroxyapatites/metabolism , Minerals/metabolism , Phosphates/metabolism , Strontium/pharmacology , Tendons/metabolism , Tetracycline/pharmacologySubject(s)
Apatites/metabolism , Dental Enamel/metabolism , Acetates/pharmacology , Animals , Apatites/biosynthesis , Calcium/pharmacology , Cattle , Crystallization , Decalcification Technique , Dental Enamel/anatomy & histology , Dental Enamel/drug effects , Fluorides/pharmacology , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Incisor , Microscopy, Electron , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Phosphates/pharmacology , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Fluorides/metabolism , Tooth/metabolism , Apatites/biosynthesis , Calcium/metabolism , Dental Cementum/metabolism , Dental Enamel/metabolism , Dentin/metabolism , Fluorides/administration & dosage , Fluorides, Topical/metabolism , Humans , Microscopy, Electron , Models, Structural , Phosphates/metabolism , Tooth Calcification/drug effectsABSTRACT
Bone powder from patients dying with chronic renal failure of more than 1 yr duration was shown to release less calcium and more phosphate when equilibrated with a buffer solution. pH 7.4 at 4 degrees C. This change persisted after removal of the organic component and was associated with a reduction in the bone carbonate content. Crystal size and surface area showed no consistent changes from the controls and it was concluded that an alteration in the apatite crystal composition had occurred in long-standing uremia with carbonate-phosphate interchange. Support for this was provided by synthesis of apatites which were carbonate deficient and behaved in a similar manner to the uremic bones.
