ABSTRACT
This qualitative study investigates job satisfaction and its impact on the performance of human talent in fitness club franchises in Mexico, based on six semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted in October 2023. The research highlights that internal communication is the primary factor influencing job satisfaction, followed by interpersonal relationships and organisational climate. These findings imply that enhancing internal communication and fostering healthy interpersonal relationships can significantly improve employee well-being and job performance. The study aims to understand job satisfaction from the human talent perspective, focusing on the factors that affect their satisfaction and performance. The insights gained can inform strategies to improve work life quality and industry efficiency in Mexico, serving as a benchmark for future research and a strategic tool for human resource management in similar organisations.
Subject(s)
Job Satisfaction , Qualitative Research , Humans , Adult , Male , Mexico , Female , Interpersonal Relations , Communication , Organizational Culture , Middle Aged , AptitudeABSTRACT
Avaliar a aptidão e conduta de estudantes de Odontologia sobre atendimento de pacientes com de deficiência visual e auditiva. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, do tipo transversal. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir de um questionário estruturado e a amostra foi constituída por 88 estudantes do 5º, 7º e 9º período, matriculados em alguma disciplina clínica, do curso de Odontologia de uma instituição privada do estado de Pernambuco. Os dados coletados foram tabulados e analisados através de estatística descritiva e inferencial com um nível de significância de 5%. Menos da metade dos estudantes se sente aptos para atender pacientes com essas necessidades, independente do período avaliado. Uma pequena parcela tem algum tipo de contato social/familiar com deficientes visuais e auditivos, mas o fato de possuírem contato, não alterou significativamente a aptidão deste para realizar a consulta. Da mesma forma, possuir informação prévia sobre o tema não influenciou significativamente na aptidão dos estudantes durante o atendimento odontológico. A maioria dos estudantes não se sentem aptos e seguros ao atendimento de pacientes com deficiências visuais e auditivas e que o fato de possuir familiar e/ou parente com esse tipo de deficiência e ter recebido informação prévia sobre o tema não aumenta a segurança dos estudantes.
To evaluate the aptitude and conduct of dentistry students regarding the care of patients with visual and hearing impairments. This is an observational, cross-sectional study. Data collection was carried out using a structured questionnaire and the sample consisted of 88 students from the 5th, 7th and 9th period, enrolled in some clinical discipline, of the Dentistry course at a private institution in the state of Pernambuco. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with a significance level of 5%. Less than half of the students feel able to care for patients with these needs, regardless of the period evaluated. A small portion has some kind of social/family contact with the visually and hearing impaired, but the fact that they have contact did not significantly change their ability to carry out the consultation. Likewise, having prior information on the subject did not significantly influence the students' aptitude during dental care. Most students do not feel able and safe to care for patients with visual and hearing impairments and that the fact of having a family member and/or relative with this type of disability and having received prior information on the subject does not increase the safety of the students. students.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aptitude , Students, Dental , Behavior , Dental Care , Persons With Hearing Impairments , Visually Impaired PersonsABSTRACT
To investigate the RAE in elite female soccer players, the absolute and relative birthdate distributions of players who disputed the Women's World Cup were assessed. Differences between observed and expected distributions were analyzed using chi-square and effect sizes. The birthdates of 1224 female soccer players were assessed in Under-17 (N = 336), Under-20 (N = 336) and adult (N = 552) categories. There was no significant RAE in adult category for different playing positions and players in general (including all playing positions per age category). There was significant RAE for midfielders and players in general with mainly small effect sizes for the U-17 and U-20. In both age categories, players born in Q1 were over-represented with the highest quartile ratio for midfielders. In regard of RAE and success defined by final ranking at the World Cup, we found no significant differences between the birthdate distributions of players who participated in either the group stages or finally the knockout phases. Coaches should consider this information to avoid bias in talent programs designed to promote and select female soccer players independently of their birthdates. Young female players should be encouraged to learn to play in different field positions before to reach high-level performance.
Subject(s)
Soccer , Adult , Humans , Female , Age Factors , Aptitude , Dissent and DisputesABSTRACT
Introducción: La gestión didáctica con la plataforma Moodle requiere profesores aptos para actuar como gestores de dicho proceso. Objetivo: Evaluar las condiciones para mejorar el funcionamiento de las aulas virtuales de la disciplina Bases Biológicas de la Medicina, en el departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Salvador Allende. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, con enfoque mixto, basada en un estudio de campo durante el curso 2023, en el Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Salvador Allende. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis, deducción-inducción y enfoque sistémico; empíricos: cuestionario; y matemático-estadísticos. Resultados: Se apreciaron como fortalezas la actitud hacia el uso educativo de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones, y el dominio general de estas. Se mostró limitado el uso de las actividades disponibles en la plataforma Moodle, por lo que las condiciones para mejorar el funcionamiento de las aulas virtuales se valoraron como insuficientes. Conclusiones: Para mejorar el funcionamiento de las aulas virtuales del Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Salvador Allende se requiere fomentar el uso creativo e innovador de las actividades disponibles en la plataforma Moodle, por lo que se debe incrementar la preparación de los profesores para asumir esta actividad. Se sugiere implementar una actividad metodológica departamental con este propósito(AU)
Introduction: Didactic management using the Moodle platform requires professors apt to act as managers of such process. Objective: To assess the conditions to improve the functioning of the virtual classrooms of the discipline Biological Bases of Medicine, in the Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences at Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Salvador Allende. Methods: A descriptive research, with a mixed approach and based on a field study, was carried out during the academic year 2023 in the Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences at Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Salvador Allende. Theoretical methods were used (analysis-synthesis, deduction-induction and systemic approach), as well as empirical methods (questionnaire) and mathematical-statistical methods. Results: Among the appreciated strengths, there was the attitude towards the educational use of information and communication technologies, together with the general mastery of such technologies. The use of the activities available in the Moodle platform was shown to be limited; therefore, the conditions for improving the functioning of virtual classrooms were assessed as insufficient. Conclusions: To improve the functioning of the virtual classrooms of the Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences at Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Salvador Allende, the creative and innovative use of the activities available on the Moodle platform are required to be encouraged; therefore, the training of professors to assume this activity should be increased. A departmental methodological activity is suggested to be implemented with this purpose(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Aptitude , Computer Literacy/trends , Lecture , Education, Distance/methods , Professional Training , Education, Medical/trends , Training Courses , Information Technology/trends , Medicine/methodsABSTRACT
The physicianpatient relationship is a complex consensual association based on trust, vulnerability, authority, empathy, and compassion1. Its main objective is to achieve the best patient health outcomes possible. Nonetheless, factors affect how the goal is achieved, such as ineffective communication and low emotional intelligence2. Historically, health professionals have recognized how relevant the physicianpatient relationship is and the patient's experience. Accordingly, patient satisfaction positively impacts clinical effectiveness, health outcomes, patient safety, and adherence to preventive care actions, medication, and clinical practice3. That is why we consider that physicians must use different strategies to improve patients' experiences in consultation. Consequently, we aimed to describe a few tips for improving a patient's experience in consultation. Good communication is the main issue in the doctorpatient relationship, significantly affecting patient safety and satisfaction. According to Burgener, using the AIDET technique to communicate with patients will enhance their relationships with them. AIDET includes five communication behaviors: acknowledge, introduce, duration, explanation, and thank you. The technique consists of first acknowledging the patient by his name; also, the patient's companion, in the case, there is one, smiling and making eye contact (acknowledge). Second, the physician introduces themselves with their name, professional certification, and role in the patient's care (introduce). The next step is letting the patient know which phases of the consultation and the approximate duration of each. Furthermore, explaining to the patient what is next, seeing other physicians, the treatment to receive, laboratory tests, other issues, and answering questions (explanation). Finally, thank the patient for their communication and cooperation and thank the patient's companion for support4. Learning cultural metaphors of illness that is part of the cultural group is another vital strategy to improve communication5. Furthermore, explain the diagnosis and treatment options in a common language, using some active listening strategies to show the patient that you are paying attention. Using questions, affirmations, and non-verbal manifestations of attention, summarizing what they have said to make sure that you understand correctly6, and using the teach-back method, which consists of asking the patients to explain in their own words what they understood about their diagnosis, treatment, and self-care. These tools will also make communication more effective for both7. Other ways of enhancing the patient's experience are being empathetic by recognizing and understanding the patient's feelings, concerns, and situations. This will communicate that you know and care about what they need8 starting the appointment at the scheduled time. Furthermore, if this is not possible, informing the patients about any delays will reduce anxiety and increase tolerance. Apologizing for the delays can positively impact emotions arising from the patient, such as irritation, anger, and frustration. Some ideas may include offering entertainment options such as magazines or televisions in the waiting room to make it more enjoyable9. Being empathetic is the foundation of the patient experience. We understand empathy as the ability to connect with others and see their situation from their perspective and context rather than from our values and life view. It begins with a warm and kindly initial contact, represented by direct eye contact, a respectful greeting appropriate to the patient's cultural background and age, and a welcoming statement that makes the patient feel comfortable and shows our genuine interest in helping them10. Following that, we ask the patient, in the most open-ended way possible, about the reasons for their visit to the clinic. This moment is crucial, but we recommend approaching it like news headlines. In other words, we only need a brief phrase that describes the different concerns of the patient. This moment may be intimidating for doctors, as we might think the patient will go on without limits, but 50% of patients will not take more than 90 s, and 90% will not take more than 3 min. The task, then, is to prioritize that list of issues and collectively determine if we can address all of them in this visit or if we need to defer some points from the list11. Next, we proceed to ask open-ended questions, actively listen, maintain a good posture, be mindful of our gestures, and, as mentioned before, use sounds and gestures to indicate that we are attentive and fully present with the patient. During this conversation, we pay attention to the emotional tone and cues regarding underlying concerns that may not be immediately apparent to respond empathetically. Finally, we summarize the information and ask the patient to clarify or provide further details on anything that may not have been fully understood. A third critical strategy is involving the patients in the decision-making process, which can be done by explaining the alternatives and the pros and cons. According to other authors, greater patient involvement in decision-making is associated with higher patient satisfaction12-14. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) can also help improve patients' experiences. PROMs are standardized, validated surveys that can be used to assess various health-relevant concepts, including patient care experience. Using this tool, physicians and care providers can learn more about the patient's preferences and values, valuable information for shared decision-making, allowing the physician to propose treatment options that match the patient's preferences. It will also be possible to assess patient reports about their actual experiences with health-care services, giving them the opportunity to recognize which aspects need to be enhanced15. In addition, physicians who wear white coats are perceived as more reliable, experienced, friendly, and professional than those who do not wear white coats. This will impact patient satisfaction16-19. Accordingly, we suggest wearing white coats during consultations. Nevertheless, we may highlight that patients' preferences can vary according to different sociodemographic characteristics, such as age19. To conclude, we might like to emphasize that patients' well-being must be a vital physician's goal, which is why we encourage health-care professionals to put into practice the tips we describe in this document. Finally, thank the patient for their communication and cooperation. Furthermore, you may thank the patient's companion for their support
Subject(s)
Humans , Patients , Aptitude , Referral and Consultation , Learning , Referral and Consultation , Self Care , Problem-Based Learning , CounselingABSTRACT
Este estudo objetivou investigar práticas dos psicólogos escolares em atendimento educacional a estudantes superdotados, bem como os desafios enfrentados por estes profissionais. O cenário da pesquisa foi um atendimento educacional especializado para estudantes com altas habilidades/superdotação oferecido por uma secretaria de estado de Educação da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Participaram cinco psicólogas(os) escolares atuantes no atendimento, e utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada como instrumento. Para a análise dos dados, optou-se pela análise de conteúdo qualitativa. Os resultados revelaram que as(os) psicólogas(os) escolares realizam práticas envolvendo alunos, familiares e professoras(es), com cinco categorias se destacando: avaliação psicológica do aluno; práticas de acolhimento, suporte e orientação; intervenções breves; planejamento, desenvolvimento e acompanhamento das atividades; e divulgação do atendimento ao superdotado. Contudo, as(os) psicólogas(os) enfrentam desafios em sua atuação, como o impacto de mitos e crenças populares equivocadas, trocas de governo, inconsistência na legislação sobre a educação do superdotado, insuficiência de investimentos no atendimento e influência de outros fatores contextuais. Conclui-se que as(os) psicólogas(os) escolares desempenham funções cruciais no atendimento ao superdotado, sobretudo no que tange ao mapeamento das necessidades do aluno e ao suporte aos envolvidos em sua educação, mas diversos fatores limitam sua prática. Logo, propõem-se direções para possibilitar uma atuação mais ampla e efetiva da(o) psicóloga(o).(AU)
This study aimed to investigate school psychologists' practices in an educational program for gifted students, as well as the challenges they face. The study scenario was a specialized educational program for students with high abilities/giftedness offered by a state secretary of Education located in the Midwest region of Brazil. Five school psychologists working in the program participated, and a semi-structured interview was used as instrument. Qualitative content analysis was performed to analyze the data. The results revealed that school psychologists carry out practices involving students, family members, and teachers, with five categories of practices standing out: psychological assessment of the student; welcoming, support, and guidance practices; brief interventions; planning, development, and monitoring of the activities; and dissemination of the program for the gifted. However, psychologists face challenges in their practice, such as the impact of mistaken myths and misconceptions, the government changes, the inconsistency in gifted education legislation, the insufficiency of investments in the program, and the influence of other contextual factors. In conclusion, school psychologists play crucial roles in serving the gifted, especially in mapping student's needs and supporting those involved in their education, but several factors limit their practice. Therefore, directions are proposed to enable a broader and more effective practice of the psychologist.(AU)
Este estudio tuvo por objetivo examinar prácticas de los/as psicólogos/as escolares en un programa educativo para alumnos superdotados, así como los desafíos que enfrentan estos profesionales. El escenario de investigación ha sido un programa educativo especializado para alumnos con altas capacidades/superdotación, ofrecido por una Secretaría del Estado de Educación de la región Centro-Oeste en Brasil. En este estudio participaron cinco psicólogos escolares que trabajan en este programa, y se utilizó como instrumento la entrevista semiestructurada. Para el análisis de datos, se optó por el análisis de contenido cualitativo. Los resultados revelan que los/las psicólogos/as escolares realizan prácticas involucrando a alumnos, familiares y docentes, en las cuales destacaron cinco categorías: evaluación psicológica del alumno; prácticas de acogida, apoyo y orientación; intervenciones breves; planificación, desarrollo y seguimiento de actividades; y difusión del programa para los superdotados. Sin embargo, los/as psicólogos/as se enfrentan a desafíos en su práctica, como el impacto de los mitos y creencias erróneas, de los cambios de gobierno, de la inconsistencia en la legislación sobre la educación de los superdotados, de la insuficiencia de inversiones en el programa y de la influencia de otros factores contextuales. Se concluye que los/as psicólogos/as escolares desarrollan un papel crucial en la atención al superdotado, especialmente en el mapeo de las necesidades de los alumnos y el apoyo a los involucrados en su educación, pero varios factores limitan su práctica. Por lo tanto, se proponen direcciones que permitan una actuación más amplia y efectiva de este profesional.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Schools , Child, Gifted , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Education , Orientation , Patient Escort Service , Aptitude , Prejudice , Psychology , Public Policy , Attention , Social Behavior , Social Change , Social Support , Stereotyping , Students , Thinking , Mentors , Family , Cognition , Communication , Creativity , Crisis Intervention , Culture , Personal Autonomy , State , Growth and Development , Education, Continuing , Education, Special , Educational Status , Empathy , User Embracement , Planning , Faculty , Social Skills , Self-Directed Learning as Topic , Psychosocial Functioning , Collective Efficacy , Human Development , Interpersonal Relations , Investments , Language Tests , Learning , Memory , MotivationABSTRACT
Abstract This study developed and tested the validity of a scale that measures skills for managing work from home, such as: informing change, searching for information, establishing priorities, setting and adapting goals, assessing work outputs, distributing tasks, and offering feedback. Participants were 2,038 managers from three Brazilian public organizations. Exploratory, confirmatory, and multigroup factor analyses revealed an 8-item unidimensional structure, excellent reliability indices, and goodness of fit, besides invariance for gender and age groups. The short scale permits testing research models with multiple variables, comparative (voluntary vs. compulsory telework), and cross-cultural studies.
Resumen Este estudio desarrolló y probó la validez de una escala que mide las habilidades para gestionar el trabajo desde casa, como: informar cambios, buscar información, establecer prioridades, establecer y adaptar metas, evaluar los resultados del trabajo, distribuir tareas y dar feedback. Participaron 2.038 directivos de tres organizaciones públicas brasileñas. Los análisis factoriales exploratorios, confirmatorios y multigrupo revelaron una estructura unifactorial de 8 ítems, excelentes índices de confiabilidad y bondad de ajuste, además de invariancia para género y rangos etarios. La escala corta permite probar modelos de investigación con múltiples variables, estudios comparativos (teletrabajo voluntario vs. obligatorio) e interculturales.
Resumo Este estudo desenvolveu e testou a validade de uma escala que mede as habilidades para gerir o trabalho desde casa, como: relatar mudanças, buscar informações, definir prioridades, definir e adaptar metas, avaliar os resultados do trabalho, distribuir tarefas e fornecer feedback. Participaram 2.038 gestores de três organizações públicas brasileiras. As análises fatoriais exploratórias, confirmatórias e multigrupo revelaram uma estrutura unifatorial de oito itens, excelentes índices de confiabilidade e qualidade de ajuste, bem como invariância para gênero e faixas etárias. A escala curta permite testar modelos de pesquisa com múltiplas variáveis, estudos comparativos (teletrabalho voluntário versus compulsório) e estudos interculturais.
Subject(s)
Organization and Administration , Aptitude , TeleworkingABSTRACT
Objetivo: El odontólogo debe desarrollar habilidades que le permitirán el éxito en su profesión. En la actualidad los estudiantes se centran en el desarrollo de habilidades técnicas dejando relegado el desarrollo de las habilidades blandas. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es describir cuáles son las habilidades blandas con mayor influencia en la práctica odontológica y su nivel del desarrollo dentro de la formación académica de los estudiantes de odontología. Materiales y métodos: La presente investigación corresponde a una revisión sistemática, de tipo descriptiva, de ámbito documental y retrospectiva de la literatura. En la sistematización de las fuentes documentales y la formula- ción de la pregunta de investigación se aplicó la estrategia PICO. Se emplearon los siguientes términos de búsqueda para el idioma español e inglés: habilidades blandas, comu- nicación, pensamiento, estudiantes de odontología. Se selec- cionaron artículos en inglés y español publicados entre los años 2000 y 2023. Resultados: Se incluyeron 26 artículos que evidencia- ban que las habilidades más importantes eran: habilidades comunicativas, pensamiento crítico, resolución de problemas, toma de decisiones y trabajo en equipo; y también identifi- caban que los estudiantes al inicio del grado académico pre- sentan niveles inferiores de desarrollo de dichas habilidades. Conclusiones: Los estudios permitieron identificar la influencia de las habilidades blandas en la práctica dental y el desarrollo de estas habilidades en el ámbito académico, las que han dado resultados favorables en el ejercicio de la pro- fesión (AU)
Aim: The dentist must develop skills that will enable him to succeed in his profession. Currently, students focus on the development of technical skills, leaving behind the devel- opment of soft skills. The aim of this systematic review is to describe which are the soft skills with the greatest influence on dental practice and their level of development within the academic training of dental students. Materials and methods: This research corresponds to a systematic, descriptive, documentary, and retrospec- tive review of the literature. The PICO strategy was applied in the systematization of the documentary sources and the formulation of the research question. The following search terms were used for the Spanish and English languages: soft skills, communication, thinking, dental students. Articles in English and Spanish published between 2000 and 2023 were selected. Results: 26 articles were included that showed that the most important skills were: communication skills, critical thinking, problem solving, decision making and teamwork; and they also identified that students at the beginning of the academic degree present lower levels of development of these skills. Conclusions: The studies made it possible to identify the influence of soft skills in dental practice and the development of these skills in the academic field, which have given favora- ble results in the practice of the profession (AU))
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Thinking , Communication , Aptitude , Problem Solving , Databases, Bibliographic , Decision Making , Emotional IntelligenceABSTRACT
Introducción: En las prácticas de laboratorio se adquiere la habilidad que permite corroborar el diagnóstico de las enfermedades de la piel y anejos después de un diagnóstico presuntivo, con la utilización del método clínico. Esto se respalda en las exigencias establecidas en los documentos normativos de ese proceso formativo. Objetivo: Proponer un sistema de procedimientos para la formación interdisciplinar de la habilidad "diagnosticar enfermedades dermatológicas en los residentes de dermatología, a partir de insuficiencias detectadas en el programa de la especialidad. Métodos: La investigación fue cualitativa, con un estudio descriptivo en el Hospital Provincial General Docente Dr. Antonio Luaces Iraola, de Ciego de Ávila, desde 2018 hasta 2022. Se trabajó con toda la población conformada por 16 residentes de primer año en dermatología. Se utilizaron métodos de nivel teórico, empírico y estadístico. Resultados: En el sistema de procedimientos propuesto, se concretan fortalezas y debilidades, objetivo general, orientaciones metodológicas, precisión de los objetivos específicos y sistema de acciones para cada procedimiento, y sistema de control y evaluación de la efectividad de las acciones realizadas. La demostración de la formación de la habilidad diagnosticar, a través de un caso clínico real, reveló como esencial la consecutividad lógica de las acciones del residente desde la atención médica del caso y la formulación del diagnóstico presuntivo hasta el establecimiento del diagnóstico corroborativo en los laboratorios de anatomía patológica, microbiología y parasitología médica. Conclusiones: Se aporta un sistema de procedimientos que posibilita la formación de la habilidad "diagnosticar enfermedades dermatológicas en los residentes, con carácter secuencial, interdisciplinar e investigativo(AU)
Introduction: Laboratory practices provide the ability that allows corroborating the diagnosis of skin and adnexal diseases after a presumptive diagnosis, with the use of the clinical method. This is supported by the requirements established in the standardization documents of this training process. Objective: To propose a system of procedures for the interdisciplinary training of the skill to diagnose dermatological diseases in Dermatology residents, based on insufficiencies detected in the specialty program. Methods: The research was qualitative and consisted in a descriptive study carried out in Hospital General Docente Dr. Antonio Luaces Iraola, of Ciego de Avila, from 2018 to 2022. The work was done with the entire population made up of 16 first-year residents in Dermatology. Theoretical, empirical and statistical methods were used. Results: In the proposed system of procedures, strengths and weaknesses are specified, together with general objective, methodological guidelines, precision of specific objectives and system of actions for each procedure, as well as system of control and evaluation of the effectiveness of the actions. Demonstrating the received formation for the diagnostic skill, through a real clinical case, revealed as essential the logical consecutivity of the resident's actions from the medical attention of the case and the formulation of the presumptive diagnosis to the establishment of the corroborative diagnosis in the laboratories of pathological anatomy, microbiology and medical parasitology. Conclusions: A system of procedures is provided that makes possible the formation of the skill to diagnose dermatological diseases in residents, with sequential, interdisciplinary and investigative character(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Aptitude , Skin Diseases/diagnosis , Teaching , Education, Professional , Professional Training , Interdisciplinary Placement/methods , Professional Competence , Health Programs and Plans , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Dermatology/educationABSTRACT
Introducción: El proceso de formación de habilidades es superior a la simple asimilación del contenido, ya que las habilidades resultan indispensables en el aprendizaje, requiriéndose que la enseñanza sea activa a través de diferentes etapas interrelacionadas, pero con cierta flexibilidad en su aplicación, según su complejidad. Objetivo: Diagnosticar el estado de desarrollo de las habilidades prácticas en estudiantes de 3° año (9° grado) de la carrera de Enfermería Técnica Facultad Finlay-Albarrán marzo-mayo 2021. Metodología: El estudio corresponde a un diseño descriptivo de corte transversal en la Facultad Finlay-Albarrán con estudiantes de 3° año de la carrera de Enfermería Técnica durante el período marzo-mayo 2021.El universo estuvo representado por los estudiantes que iniciaron en la rotación de Enfermería Ginecobstétrica (N=28). Para el estudio se combinaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos. Resultados: Los alumnos del 3° año de Enfermería, reconocen como habilidades a desarrollar la medición de signos vitales para un 57.14%, el examen físico general, para un 67.85%, la cura de herida quirúrgica para un 53.57% y la evolución de Enfermería para un 82.1%, no consideran el Proceso de Atención de Enfermería, o sea la aplicación de este que es el método científico de la profesión, como un saber esencial en la práctica de Enfermería. Conclusiones: Se diagnosticó el estado de las habilidades prácticas en estudiantes de 3° año de Enfermería.
Introduction: The skills training process is superior to the simple assimilation of the content, since the skills are essential in learning, requiring that the teaching be active through different interrelated stages, but with some flexibility in its application, according to its complexity. Objective: To diagnose the state of development of practical skills in third year students (ninth grade) of the Finlay-Albarrán Faculty of Technical Nursing career, March-May 2021. Methodology: The study corresponds to a descriptive cross-sectional design in the Finlay-Albarrán Faculty with third year students of the Technical Nursing career during the period March-May 2021.The universe was represented by the students who started in the Gyneco-Obstetric Nursing rotation (N = 28) .For the study, theoretical, empirical, and statistical methods were combined. Results: The 3rd year Nursing students recognize as skills to develop the measurement of vital signs for 57.14%, the general physical examination, for a 67.85%, surgical wound healing for 53.57% and Nursing evolution for 82.1%, do not consider the Nursing Care Process, that is, the application of this, which is the scientific method of the profession, as essential knowledge in Nursing practice. Conclusions: The state of practical skills in third year Nursing students was diagnosed.
Introdução: O processo de formação de competências é superior à simples assimilação do conteúdo, uma vez que as competências são essenciais na aprendizagem, exigindo que o ensino seja ativo em diferentes etapas inter-relacionadas, mas com alguma flexibilidade na sua aplicação, de acordo com a sua complexidade. Objetivo: Diagnosticar o estado de desenvolvimento de habilidades práticas em alunos do 3º ano (9º ano) da carreira da Faculdade de Enfermagem Técnica Finlay-Albarrán, março-maio de 2021. Metodologia: O estudo corresponde a um desenho transversal descritivo no Finlay-Albarrán Docente com alunos do 3º ano da carreira de Técnico de Enfermagem durante o período março-maio de 2021. O universo foi representado pelos alunos que iniciaram no rodízio de Enfermagem Gineco-Obstétrica (N = 28). Para o estudo foram combinados métodos teóricos, empíricos e estatísticos. Resultados: Os alunos do 3º ano de Enfermagem reconhecem como habilidades para desenvolver a mensuração dos sinais vitais para 57,14%, o exame físico geral, para 67,85%, a cicatrização de feridas cirúrgicas para 53,57% e a evolução da Enfermagem para 82,1%, não consideram o Processo de Assistência de Enfermagem, ou seja, a aplicação deste, que é o método científico da profissão, como conhecimento essencial na prática da Enfermagem. Conclusões: Foi diagnosticado o estado das habilidades práticas em alunos do 3º ano de Enfermagem.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aptitude , Professional Practice , Students, Nursing , Universities , Education, Nursing , Educational Measurement , CubaABSTRACT
Introducción: la demencia es la alteración cognitiva con mayor incidencia. Provoca una disminución de las capacidades físicas y mentales. Las habilidades y conocimientos del cuidador familiar tienen un papel importante para entender las necesidades, fortalezas y limitaciones en el cuidado. Objetivo: establecer la relación entre los conocimientos y las habilidades en cuidados del cuidador familiar del adulto mayor con demencia. Metodología: estudio cuantitativo, transversal, prospectivo y con alcance correlacional. Muestra no aleatoria por disponibilidad de 26 cuidadores. Se aplicó la Escala de conocimientos sobre demencia DKAT2-sp con alfa de Cronbach de 0.79 y el Inventario de habilidad de cuidado-CAI con alfa de Cronbach de 0.84. Resultados: el género predominante fue el femenino. Los resultados de la prueba Rho de Spearman (p = 0.149) comprobaron que no existe relación y mostraron un nivel de significación mayor que lo esperado entre el conocimiento y la habilidad. Los familiares de personas con demencia cumplen con otros roles diferentes, además de que no reciben capacitación; tienen conocimientos altos y moderados con habilidades de cuidado medias y altas. Conclusión: los niveles de habilidad y conocimiento no son insuficientes; no existe una relación entre las variables de estudio.
Introduction: Dementia is the cognitive disorder with the higher incidence. It causes a decrease in physical and mental abilities. The skills and knowledge of the family caregiver comprise an important role in understanding the needs, strengths and limitations in care. Objective: To establish the relationship between knowledge and skills of the family caregiver of the elderly with dementia. Methodology: Study with a quantitative, cross-sectional, prospective approach and correlational scope. Non-random sample due to availability of 26 caregivers. The DKAT2-sp Dementia Knowledge Scale (with 0.79 Cronbach's alpha) and the Care Skills Inventory-CAI instrument (0.84 Cronbach's alpha) were applied. Results: The predominant gender was female. The results of the Spearman's Rho test (p = 0.149) confirmed that there is no relationship, showing a higher level of significance than expected between knowledge and ability. Family members of people with dementia fulfill other different roles, in addition to not receiving training; they have high and moderate knowledge with medium and high care skills. Conclusion: The skill and knowledge levels are not insufficient, demonstrating that there is no relationship between the variables.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Caregivers/education , Caregivers/statistics & numerical data , Dementia/psychology , Aptitude , Socioeconomic Factors , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Introducción: la caries dental ocasiona dolor y alteración de la salud. La calidad de vida se refiere a la percepción de uno con base en su situación física, emocional y social. Objetivo: analizar la percepción de la calidad de vida en un grupo de escolares con caries. Metodología: 270 escolares de 6-8 años de edad con y sin experiencia de lesiones cariosas contestaron con sus padres un cuestionario basado en la Scale of Oral Health Outcomes (SOHO). Las respuestas se registraron con escala de tipo Likert. Se obtuvieron frecuencias, porcentajes, promedios y desviación estandar. Se compararon los grupos con chi cuadrada y t de Student, y se calculó la razón de momios (RM). Resultados: el 58% presentó experiencia de caries. El 64% de los escolares con caries informó que tenía antecedentes de dolor dentario y la media en los dominios sobre funciones bucales y relación familiar fue mayor para los escolares con caries (p = 0.001). Tener caries fue determinante para presentar dificultades para comer: RM 8.7 (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95%] 4.7-16); beber: RM 5.9 (IC 95% 3.4-10); dormir: RM 5.3 (IC 95% 3.1-9); jugar: 5.2 (IC 95% 2.7-10), p < 0.001. Desde la autopercepción del escolar, el 87% manifestó no sentirse contento por la presencia de caries. Conclusiones: la percepción de los escolares y padres del grupo con experiencia de caries dental mostró deterioro en la calidad de vida.
Background: Dental caries causes pain and alteration of integral health. Quality of life refers to oneself's perception of their physical, emotional and social situation. Objective: To analyze the perception of quality of life in a group of schoolchildren with caries. Methodology: 270 schoolchildren aged 6-8 years with and without experience of carious lesions, with their parents, answered a questionnaire based on the Scale of Oral Health Outcomes (SOHO). The answers were recorded with a Likert-type scale. Frequencies, percentages, averages and standard deviation were obtained. The groups were compared with chi squared and Student's t test, and odds ratios (OR) were calculated. Results: 58% presented caries experience. 64% of schoolchildren with caries reported antecedents of dental pain, and the mean in the domains on oral functions and family relationship was higher for schoolchildren with caries (p = 0.001). Having caries was determinant for eating difficulties: OR 8.7 (95% CI 4.7-16); drink: OR 5.9 (95% CI 3.4-10); sleeping: OR 5.3 (95% CI 3.1-9); play: OR 5.2 (95% CI 2.7-10), p < 0.001. From schoolchildren auto-perception 87% said they did not feel happy about their decayed teeth. Conclusions: The perception of the schoolchildren and parents belonging to the group with experience of dental caries showed deterioration in the quality of life.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Quality of Life/psychology , Oral Health/statistics & numerical data , Dental Caries/psychology , Aptitude , Family Relations/psychologyABSTRACT
La presente publicación describe un estudio realizado sobre la retención de recursos humanos en salud y concluye que una necesidad transversal a toda la región y el globo es generar investigación en este ámbito que por una parte, permita seguir evaluando cuáles de estos incentivos van demostrando ser más efectivos en retener los recursos humanos de salud; así como también relacionar estas políticas con el impacto en el desempeño de los sistemas sanitarios en zonas urbanas y rurales, dado que existe muy poca evidencia respecto de si la retención logra finalmente mejorar la salud de la población en los países de la subregión. Sistematizar y analizar los intereses, las motivaciones y las condiciones bajo las cuales se toman decisiones en la elección de los puestos de trabajo por parte del personal del sector salud y las posibilidades de elección de su desempeño en zonas subatendidas; promoviendo el intercambio de experiencias entre los países para la atracción y la retención de recursos humanos en dichas zonas. Identificar, en base a revisión bibliográfica, factores que influyen en la decisión de desplazarse a zonas remotas o rurales, permanecer en ellas o emigrar, tipos de incentivos aplicados en el sector salud, especialmente aquellos orientados a la localización del personal. asimismo, explorar aspectos motivacionales que involucre de manera integral diferentes dimensiones que explican las decisiones laborales y de desarrollo profesional de los integrantes del equipo de salud, abarcando, por ejemplo: decisiones de radicación a nivel nacional, desempeño en sector público o privado; tipo de especialización; opción por nivel primario u hospitalario; dedicación en cargos directivos o asistenciales, entre otras
Subject(s)
Aptitude , Public Policy , Urban Area , Allied Health Personnel , Workforce , Remuneration , Remote Areas , Working ConditionsABSTRACT
O presente ensaio tem como objetivo refletir sobre o desenvolvimento do estudante-atleta, tendo como base o documento intitulado Modelo de Desenvolvimento Esportivo, proposto pelo Comitê Olímpico do Brasil. Ao longo do texto, são discutidos os desafios do estudante-atleta ao seguir a carreira-dupla, bem como sobre a dupla-carreira no Brasil e no mundo. Por fim, sugere-se a criação de uma legislação nacional e de políticas institucionais que promovam o acesso, a permanência e a finalização da formação destes estudantes-atletas. (AU).
The present study aimed to reflect on the development of student-athletes based on the document named Sports Development Model proposed by the Brazilian Olympic Committee. Throughout the ext, the student-athlete and their challenges when following a dual ca-reer are discussed, as well as the dual career in Brazil and in the world. Finally, it is suggested the development of national legislation and insti-tutional policies that promote access, permanence and finalization of the graduation for these student-athletes (AU).
Este ensayo tuvo como objetivo reflexionar sobre el desar-rollo de los estudiantes-atletas a partir del documento titulado Modelo de Desarrollo Deportivo, propuesto por el Comité Olímpico de Brasil. A lo largo del texto, se discute el estudiante-atleta y sus desafíos al se-guir una carrera dual, así como la carrera dual en Brasil y en el mundo. Finalmente, se sugiere la creación de legislación nacional y políticas ins-titucionales que promuevan el acceso, permanencia y culminación de la formación de estos estudiantes deportistas (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Aptitude , Sports , Teaching , BrazilABSTRACT
Compreende-se que o fator intolerância à incerteza é um construto que implica na dificuldade do indivíduo em lidar com contextos imprevistos. A literatura indica que a intolerância à incerteza pode apresentar impacto negativo ao bem-estar, principalmente, quando se está vivenciando um contexto inesperado, como a pandemia de COVID-19. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma sinopse sobre o que foi estudado sobre a intolerância à incerteza em estudantes do ensino superior durante o contexto de pandemia de COVID-19 por meio de uma scoping review. A coleta foi realizada nas bases de dados EMBASE, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, PsychInfo e CINAHL com descritores em inglês. A partir da aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, realizada por dois juízes, selecionou-se um total de nove estudos. Os três tópicos principais de pesquisa dos estudos analisados foram a relação da intolerância à incerteza com (1) características envolvendo saúde mental, (2) medo, e (3) com atividades acadêmicas e aspectos de carreira. A maioria dos estudos evidenciou a falta de tolerância à incerteza como preditor para fatores prejudiciais. Além disso, verificou-se que não foram efetuadas intervenções direcionadas ao constructo nos estudos. A presente revisão destaca a habilidade de tolerar a incerteza como um componente relevante de ser avaliado em estudantes e a importância na realização de intervenções psicológicas direcionadas à intolerância à incerteza em contextos precários.
It is understood that the factor intolerance of uncertainty is a construct that implies the individual's difficulty in dealing with unforeseen contexts. The literature indicates that intolerance of uncertainty can have a negative impact on well-being, especially when experiencing an unexpected context, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. In this perspective, the objective of this study was to perform a synopsis on what has been studied about intolerance of uncertainty in higher education students during the context of the COVID-19 pandemic through a scoping review. Data collection was performed in the EMBASE, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, PsychInfo and CINAHL databases with descriptors in English. From the application of eligibility criteria, performed by two judges, a total of nine studies were selected. The three main research topics of the studies analyzed were the relationship of intolerance of uncertainty with (1) characteristics involving mental health, (2) fear, and (3) with academic activities and career aspects. Most studies showed a lack of tolerance of uncertainty as a predictor for harmful factors. In addition, it was found that no interventions aimed at the construct were carried out in the studies. The present review highlights the ability to tolerate uncertainty as a relevant component of being evaluated in students and the importance of carrying out psychological interventions aimed at intolerance of uncertainty in precarious contexts.
Se entiende que el factor intolerancia a la incertidumbre es un constructo que implica la dificultad del individuo para enfrentarse a contextos imprevistos. La literatura indica que la intolerancia a la incertidumbre puede tener un impacto negativo en el bienestar, especialmente cuando se vive un contexto inesperado, como la pandemia de COVID-19. En esta perspectiva, el objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una sinopsis de lo estudiado sobre la intolerancia a la incertidumbre en estudiantes de educación superior durante el contexto de la pandemia del COVID-19 a través de una scoping review. La recolección de datos se realizó en las bases de datos EMBASE, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, PsychInfo y CINAHL con descriptores en inglés. De la aplicación de los criterios de elegibilidad, realizada por dos jueces, fueron seleccionados un total de nueve estudios. Los tres principales temas de investigación de los estudios analizados fueron la relación de la intolerancia a la incertidumbre con (1) características relacionadas con la salud mental, (2) el miedo y (3) con actividades académicas y aspectos profesionales. La mayoría de los estudios mostraron una falta de tolerancia a la incertidumbre como predictor de factores dañinos. Además, se constató que en los estudios no se realizaron intervenciones dirigidas al constructo. La presente revisión destaca la capacidad de tolerar la incertidumbre como componente relevante de ser evaluado en los estudiantes y la importancia de realizar intervenciones psicológicas dirigidas a la intolerancia a la incertidumbre en contextos precarios.
Subject(s)
Humans , Students , Mental Health , Uncertainty , COVID-19 , Aptitude , Psychology , Universities , Career Mobility , Data Collection , FearABSTRACT
SUMMARY: The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference in morphological characteristics and motor abilities of the first and second league female volleyball players. The sample comprised of 20 players of the first and 20 players of the second league. Only those female volleyball players who completed the whole measurement program were included in the sample. Subjects underwent measurement of morphological characteristics (7 variables) and motor abilities (8 variables). Statistically significant differences were determined with t-test for independent samples. The results of the research show that there are no statistically significant differences in morphological characteristics and motor abilities of the first and second league female volleyball players. The difference was found only in the variable for assessing balance in favor of first league female volleyball players.
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si existe una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en las características morfológicas y habilidades motoras de las jugadoras de voleibol de primera y segunda liga. La muestra estuvo conformada por 20 jugadores de primera y 20 jugadores de segunda liga. Solo se incluyeron en la muestra aquellas jugadoras de voleibol que completaron todo el programa de medición. Los sujetos se sometieron a la medición de las características morfológicas (7 variables) y habilidades motoras (8 variables). Las diferencias estadísticamente significativas se determinaron con la prueba t para muestras independientes. Los resultados de la investigación mostraron que no existían diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las características morfológicas y habilidades motrices de las jugadoras de voleibol de primera y segunda liga. La diferencia se encontró solo en la variable para evaluar el equilibrio a favor de las jugadoras de voleibol de primera división.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Anthropometry , Athletic Performance , Volleyball , AptitudeABSTRACT
Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia del bienestar psicológico y el nivel de habilidades para la vida en estudiantes de pregrado de una institución educativa de ciencias de la salud en la ciudad de Bogotá. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo en 340 estudiantes de la facultad de: medicina, instrumentación, enfermería, psicología y citohistología. Se aplicó la escala de habilidades para la vida y bienestar psicológico de RYFF. Resultados: De los 340 estudiantes, las 10 dimensiones del test habilidades para la vida evaluadas se encontraban en mayor frecuencia en un nivel normal bajo o normal alto de acuerdo con la mediana del puntaje Z; con relación al test de bienestar psicológico se encontró que la prevalencia del nivel de bienestar psicológico en los estudiantes de pregrado evaluados, alto en un 15.59%, moderado en el 79.12% y de 5.29% para un nivel bajo. Conclusiones: En la mayoría de los estudiantes de pregrado del área de la salud se encuentran valores en normal alto y bajo, en los niveles de habilidades para la vida necesarios para poder tener un adecuado desarrollo profesional y personal, por lo que habría un beneficio en un mayor fortalecimiento y educación sobre este tema, al poder convertirlas en factor protector frente a enfermedades mentales como la depresión y la ansiedad.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of psychological well-being and the level of life skills in undergraduate students of a health sciences educational institution in the city of Bogotá. Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective study was carried out in 340 students from the Faculty of Medicine, Instrumentation, Nursing, Psychology and Cytohistology. The RYFF life skills and psychological well-being scale was applied. Results: Of the 340 students, the 10 dimensions of the life skills test evaluated were more frequently at a low normal or high normal level according to the median Z score; In relation to the psychological well-being test, it was found that the prevalence of the level of psychological well-being in the undergraduate students evaluated was high in 15.59%, moderate in 79.12% and 5.29% for a low level. Conclusions: In the majority of undergraduate students in the health area, high and low normal values are found, in the levels of life skills necessary to be able to have ánian adequate professional and personal development, so there would be a benefit in a greater strengthening and education on this subject, by being able to turn them into a protective factor against mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety.
Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de bem-estar psicológico e o nível de habilidades para a vida em estudantes de graduação de uma instituição de ensino de ciências da saúde na cidade de Bogotá. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo, transversal e prospectivo em 340 alunos da Faculdade de Medicina, Instrumentação, Enfermagem, Psicologia e Cito-histologia. Foi aplicada a escala de habilidades para a vida e bem-estar psicológico RYFF. Resultados: Dos 340 alunos, as 10 dimensões do teste de habilidades para a vida avaliadas apresentaram maior frequência no nível normal baixo ou normal alto de acordo com a mediana do escore Z; Em relação ao teste de bem-estar psicológico, verificou-se que a prevalência do nível de bem-estar psicológico nos graduandos avaliados foi alta em 15,59%, moderada em 79,12% e baixa em 5,29%. Conclusões: Na maioria dos estudantes de graduação da área da saúde, encontram-se valores de normalidade altos e baixos, nos níveis de habilidades de vida necessários para poder ter um desenvolvimento profissional e pessoal adequado, portanto haveria um benefício em um maior fortalecimento e educação sobre esse tema, podendo transformá-los em fator de proteção contra doenças mentais como depressão e ansiedade.
Subject(s)
Psychological Well-Being , Aptitude , Students , Mental HealthABSTRACT
The Component Model of Parenting (CMP), from an evolutionary perspective, proposes a phylogenetically evolved repertoire of six systems (body contact, body stimulation, face-to-face exchange, object stimulation, and primary care) and two parenting styles (distal and proximal) by combining some of these systems. We developed the Inventory of Parenting Systems and Styles (ISEP) and applied it to hospitals and schools to analyze its psychometric properties. The parenting measure analysis we propose evolved 70 primary caregivers of young children with a mean age of 22.44 months. ISEP consists of 26 daily situations and assesses the most common parenting practices caregivers adopted in each one of them. Besides, we created a Coding Guide to Parenting Practice. It enabled us to classify each response according to the CMP systems. We found a variance of 84.67% and 95.55% in codification agreement between expert judges and a significant intraclass correlation coefficient for all parenting systems, which discloses validity evidence on the response process of the inventory. Our analyses indicated the occurrence of all parental systems, with a prevalence of narrative envelope and body stimulation. Cluster analysis revealed two clusters, one formed by proximal style and another by distal style, in accordance with the interactions of the system, representing a validity of evidence based on the internal structure of the instrument. ISEP provides reasonable measures for research and professional practice in Psychology. Further research with more extensive and diverse samples is necessary to refine the instrument and, especially its guide.(AU)
O Modelo de Componentes da Parentalidade (MCP) da perspectiva evolucionista propõe seis sistemas - contato corporal, estimulação corporal, contato face a face, estimulação por objeto, envelope narrativo e cuidado primário - universais e filogeneticamente evoluídos, e dois estilos parentais - distal e proximal - oriundos da combinação de alguns desses sistemas. Para analisar propriedades psicométricas de uma medida de parentalidade, o Inventário de Sistemas e Estilos Parentais (ISEP) foi aplicado em contexto escolar e hospitalar, em 70 cuidadores primários de crianças com idade média de 24,44 meses. O ISEP, construído para este estudo, apresenta 26 situações cotidianas e solicita que cuidadores indiquem a prática parental mais comumente adotada em cada uma delas, e cada resposta foi classificada em um dos sistemas do MCP por um Guia de Codificação de Práticas Parentais. A concordância entre juízes com a codificação variou entre 84,67% e 95,55%, e os coeficientes de correlação intraclasse foram significativos para todos os sistemas de parentalidade, representando uma evidência de validade por processo de resposta do inventário. As análises indicaram a ocorrência de todos os sistemas parentais, com predominância de envelope narrativo e estimulação corporal. Uma análise de cluster formou dois conglomerados, um derivando o estilo proximal e outro o estilo distal, de acordo com a interação entre os sistemas, constituindo uma evidência de validade baseada na estrutura interna do instrumento. O ISEP mostrou ser uma medida promissora para a pesquisa e a prática profissional em Psicologia. Outras pesquisas com amostras mais amplas e diversificadas são necessárias para refinamento do instrumento e do guia.(AU)
El Modelo Componencial del Parentaje (MCP), desde una perspectiva evolutiva, propone seis sistemas (contacto corporal, estimulación corporal, contacto cara a cara, estimulación con objetos, envoltura narrativa y atención primaria), universales y filogenéticamente evolucionados, así como dos estilos parentales (distal y proximal) que se originan combinando algunos de ellos. Para analizar las propiedades psicométricas de una medida parental, se aplicó el Inventario de Estilos y Sistemas de Crianza (ISEP), en el contexto escolar y hospitalario, a 70 cuidadores primarios de niños con una edad media de 24,44 meses. El ISEP fue construido para el presente estudio, presenta 26 situaciones cotidianas y crianza los cuidadores deben indicar la práctica parental más común adoptada en cada una de ellas. Una Guía de Codificación de Prácticas Parentales permite clasificar cada respuesta en uno de los sistemas del MCP. La concordancia entre los jueces con la codificación varió entre 84,67% y 95,55% y los coeficientes de inter-correlación en todos los sistemas parentales fueron significativos, evidenciando su validez por el proceso de respuesta al inventario. Los análisis indicaron la ocurrencia de todos los sistemas parentales, con predominio de envoltura narrativa y estimulación corporal. Un análisis de clusters formó dos conglomerados, derivando el estilo proximal y el estilo distal, según la interacción entre los sistemas, constituyendo evidencia de validez basada en la estructura interna del instrumento. El ISEP demostró ser una medida valida y fiable para la investigación y la práctica profesional en Psicología. Se necesita más investigación con muestras más grandes y diversificadas para perfeccionar el instrumento.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Psychometrics , Child , Parenting , Parent-Child Relations , Perception , Personality , Personality Development , Aptitude , Play and Playthings , Psychological Phenomena , Psychology , Rest , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , Social Change , Social Environment , Social Sciences , Sociology , Behavior , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Behavior Therapy , Behavioral Sciences , Behaviorism , Child Custody , Adaptation, Psychological , Attitude , Character , Child Care , Child Development , Child Guidance , Child Language , Child Rearing , Child Welfare , Hygiene , Child Health , Mental Competency , Caregivers , Interview , Communication , Human Body , Comprehensive Health Care , Life , Neurobehavioral Manifestations , Behavioral Disciplines and Activities , Crying , Culture , Beginning of Human Life , Growth and Development , Education, Nonprofessional , Emotions , User Embracement , Population Studies in Public Health , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Face , Facial Expression , Child Nutrition , Family Relations , Fantasy , Diet, Healthy , Survivorship , Data Analysis , Psychosocial Functioning , Social Representation , Listening Effort , Human Development , Imagination , Income , Individuality , Intelligence , Learning , Leisure Activities , Life Change Events , Memory , Motor ActivityABSTRACT
O objeto de estudo deste trabalho é a atuação de psicólogas(os) no campo da educação básica. Tivemos como objetivo investigar as práticas de atuação e os desafios enfrentados pelas(os) psicólogas(os) que trabalham na educação em Boa Vista (RR), com intuito de conhecer a inserção desses profissionais no sistema educacional. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, orientada pelo referencial teórico-metodológico da Psicologia Escolar Crítica. Realizamos o processo de levantamento dos dados entre os meses de março e abril de 2018, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, audiogravadas e transcritas. Encontramos 21 psicólogas e um psicólogo trabalhando em instituições educacionais e de ensino na cidade; a maioria atuava na educação básica; metade dos entrevistados ingressou por concurso público e a outra metade era contratada e comissionada; poucos(as) foram contratados(as) como psicólogos(as) escolares. Para a análise, selecionamos dez psicólogas(os) com mais tempo no cargo. Quanto às práticas de atuação, identificamos que 60% atuavam na modalidade clínica e 40% na modalidade clínica e institucional. Como desafios, encontramos melhoria das condições de trabalho; estabelecimento de relações hierárquicas e a dificuldade de fazer compreender as especificidades desse campo de trabalho; necessidade na melhoria das condições para formação continuada; atuação da(o) psicóloga(o) escolar enquanto ação institucional. Diante do exposto, compreendemos ser necessária uma mudança de paradigma na atuação das(os) psicólogas(os) que trabalham na educação na região, e a apropriação das discussões da área, principalmente, aquelas apresentadas pela Psicologia Escolar Crítica, vez que esta contribui para uma atuação que leve em conta os determinantes sociais, políticos, culturais e pedagógicos que constituem o processo de escolarização.(AU)
This work has as object of study the role of psychologists in the field of Basic Education. We aimed to investigate practices and challenges faced by psychologists who work in education in Boa Vista/RR, to know the insertion of these professionals in the educational system. This is a qualitative research, guided by the theoretical-methodological framework of Critical School Psychology. The data collection process was carried out between March and April 2018, with semi-structured, audio-recorded, and transcribed interviews. We found 21 female psychologists and one male psychologist working in educational institutions in the municipality; most worked in Basic Education; half of the interviewees had applied to work as government employee and the other half were hired and commissioned; few were hired as school psychologists. To carry out the analysis, we selected ten psychologists with more time in the position. Regarding the practices, we have identified that 60% worked in the clinical modality and 40% in the clinical and institutional modality. As challenges, we find the improvement in working conditions; the establishment of hierarchical relationships and the difficulty of making the specificities of this field of work understood; the need to improve conditions for continuing education; the practice of the school psychologist as institutional action. In view of the above, we understand that a paradigm shift in the performance of psychologists working in education in that region is necessary, and the appropriation of discussions in the area, especially those presented by Critical School Psychology, contributes to an action that considers social, political, cultural, and pedagogical determinants that constitute the schooling process.(AU)
Este trabajo tiene como objeto de estudio la actuación profesional de las(os) psicólogas(os) en la educación básica. Su objetivo es investigar las prácticas y retos que enfrentan las(os) psicólogas(os) que trabajan en la educación en Boa Vista, en Roraima (Brasil), con la intención de conocer la inserción de estos profesionales en el sistema educativo. Esta es una investigación cualitativa que se guía por el marco teórico-metodológico de la Psicología Escolar Crítica. Se recopilaron los datos entre los meses de marzo y abril de 2018, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, grabadas en audio y después transcritas. Las 21 psicólogas y un psicólogo trabajan en instituciones educativas de la ciudad; la mayoría trabajaba en la educación básica; la mitad de los entrevistados ingresaron mediante concurso público y la otra mitad era contratada y de puesto comisionado; pocos fueron contratados como psicólogos escolares. Para el análisis, se seleccionaron diez psicólogas(os) con más tiempo en el cargo. Con respecto a las prácticas, el 60% trabajaba en la modalidad clínica; y el 40%, en la modalidad clínica e institucional. Los retos son mejora de las condiciones laborales; establecimiento de relaciones jerárquicas y dificultad para comprender las especificidades de este campo de trabajo; necesidad de mejorar las condiciones para la educación continua; y actuación dela (del) psicóloga(o) escolar como acción institucional. En vista de lo anterior, es necesario el cambio de paradigma en la práctica profesional de las(os) psicólogas(os) que trabajan en la educación de la región y la apropiación de las discusiones del área, especialmente las presentadas por la Psicología Escolar Crítica, que contribuye a una acción que tiene en cuenta los determinantes sociales, políticos, culturales y pedagógicos que constituyen el proceso de escolarización.(AU)