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1.
Trop Anim Health Prod ; 53(1): 60, 2021 Jan 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33389236

ABSTRACT

The present study was conducted to compare the growth performance, feed efficiency, nitrogen retention, water quality, biofloc nutritional composition, and hematological profile of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings cultured in biofloc technology (BFT) and recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) over a period of 60 days. This randomized study was designed with two treatments (BFT and RAS) and four replicates. Fish (n = 64; 7.29 ± 0.67) were allocated in eight 150 L aquaria kept at 26.72 ± 0.35 °C and fed until apparent satiation three times daily. Weight gain, apparent feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency of fish in BFT were statistically superior than in RAS. There were no differences (p > 0.05) for temperature, dissolved oxygen, and nitrogen compounds, indicating similarity in the water quality between BFT and RAS. Furthermore, hematological parameters did not show differences (p > 0.05) between the systems. The chemical composition of biofloc differed (p < 0.05) over the experimental period for crude protein and mineral matter. The best responses of growth performance and feed efficiency of Nile tilapia fingerlings in BFT highlight the importance of bioflocs as a high biological value complementary feed.


Subject(s)
Aquaculture/statistics & numerical data , Cichlids/growth & development , Animal Feed/analysis , Animals , Cichlids/blood , Male , Nitrogen/metabolism , Weight Gain
2.
J Agromedicine ; 24(4): 434-440, 2019 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31352876

ABSTRACT

Information on occupational health and safety practices in Brazilian aquaculture is limited. This paper reports preliminary results from an online survey based on research questions to identify occupational hazards, risk assessment practices, and prevention measures adopted in Brazilian aquaculture. Data were collected through an online questionnaire, comprising 25 questions, on a voluntary and anonymous basis. Aquaculture stakeholders were invited to participate in the study through email and social media channels. The demographic data demonstrated that the majority of respondents were men (72%) and having a higher education (95%). Most respondents employed administrative controls and personal protective equipment (PPE) rather than substitution and other risk elimination measures to reduce exposure. The most commonly adopted measures were PPE use (87%), adequate handling of chemicals (86%), and imparting knowledge of risks (90%). However, only 12% of participants reported the presence of safety protocols at their workplace, and 17% had some form of immunization of workers. In this study, it was possible to identify a lack of hazard signage in the workplace and lack of occupational health and safety training. The results further indicate that risk management in aquaculture continues to be a challenge in low-income countries. Aquaculture farmers should be encouraged and supported in adopting measures and appropriate technologies to eliminate risks in Brazilian aquaculture.


Subject(s)
Aquaculture/statistics & numerical data , Occupational Health/statistics & numerical data , Occupational Injuries/epidemiology , Accidents, Occupational/prevention & control , Accidents, Occupational/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Aged , Brazil/epidemiology , Electronic Mail/statistics & numerical data , Farmers , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Occupational Injuries/prevention & control , Protective Devices/statistics & numerical data , Social Media/statistics & numerical data , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young Adult
3.
Acta amaz. ; 49(1): 11-16, jan.-mar. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-19637

ABSTRACT

Pirarucu is one of the main fish species for the development of aquaculture in the Amazon. In this study, the optimal feeding frequency for juvenile pirarucu was assessed based on growth and feed efficiency. Juvenile pirarucu weighing ca. 80 g were fed once, twice, three or four times daily until apparent satiation for 63 days. Fish fed three or four times per day presented higher growth, feed intake, and fat body content than those fed once or twice per day. There was no significant difference for feed conversion ratio, and protein and energy retention rates among treatments, suggesting that increased feeding frequency did not affect feed utilization efficiency. Mean feed intake per meal was higher when fish were fed once per day, possibly causing hyperphagic behavior. Results suggest that feeding three times per day was sufficient to secure adequate feeding and growth of juvenile pirarucu.(AU)


O pirarucu é uma das principais espécies de peixe para o desenvolvimento da aquicultura na região amazônica. Neste trabalho foi avaliada a frequência de alimentação ideal para juvenis de pirarucu com base em crescimento e eficiência alimentar. Juvenis de aproximadamente 80 g foram alimentados uma, duas, três ou quatro vezes ao dia até a saciedade aparente durante 63 dias. Maior crescimento, ingestão alimentar e gordura corporal foram observados nos peixes alimentados três ou quatro vezes ao dia em comparação com aqueles alimentados uma ou duas vezes ao dia. Não houve diferença significativa para as taxas de conversão alimentar, retenção proteica e retenção energética entre os tratamentos, indicando que o aumento da frequência de alimentação não resultou em prejuízo da eficiência de utilização do alimento. O consumo médio de alimento por refeição foi maior nos peixes alimentados apenas uma vez ao dia, que provavelmente desenvolveram comportamento hiperfágico. Os resultados sugerem que três refeições diárias foram suficientes para garantir o consumo de alimento e crescimento adequados nessa fase.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Fishes/growth & development , Aquaculture/methods , Aquaculture/statistics & numerical data , Amazonian Ecosystem
4.
Bol. Inst. Pesca (Impr.) ; 42(4): 791-799, out./dez. 2016. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1465211

ABSTRACT

We evaluated the productive chain of fish consumed in the State of Bahia using Life Cycle Analysis (LCA). We estimated the inputs and outputs from logistics and fish processing. For every kg of processed and transported fish we calculated the Global Warming Potential (GWP) based on the amount of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) given in kg of CO2eq, as follows: 0.020 electricity; 0.003 water consumption; 0.002 wastewater; 0.160 and 1.495 waste from the gutted and filleted fish, respectively; 0.871 and 1.007 refrigerated transportation of gutted and filleted fish, respectively. The sum of GHG emissions were 1.058 and 2.592 kg of CO2eq per kg of gutted and filleted fish, respectively. LCA results indicate that it is possible to reduce the GWP associated with refrigerated transportation by increasing local fish production and decreasing importation, especially given the available water potential of Bahia. However, to achieve a sustainable production it is imperative to adopt and also develop technologies that promote environmental impact reduction from solid residues.


Avaliamos a cadeia produtiva do pescado consumido no Estado da Bahia utilizando a Análise de Ciclo de Vida (ACV). Estimamos os consumos e emissões associados à logística e ao processamento do peixe. O Potencial de Aquecimento Global (PAG) foi calculado com base na quantidade de Gases Efeito Estufa (GEE) indicadas por kg de CO2eq para cada kg de peixe processado foram: 0,020 - eletricidade; 0,003 consumo de água; 0,0029 efluentes; 0,160 e 1,495 resíduos sólidos para os peixes eviscerados e filetados, respectivamente, e 0,871 e 1,007 transporte refrigerado dos peixes eviscerados e filetados, respectivamente. O somatório do impacto das emissões de GEE foram 1,058 e 2,529 kg de CO2eq por kg de peixe eviscerado e filetado, respectivamente. Os resultados indicaram que é possível reduzir o PAG do transporte refrigerado com o aumento da produção local de peixe e redução das importações, especialmente considerando o potencial hídrico da Bahia. Entretanto, a produção sustentável requer a adoção e desenvolvimento de tecnologias para reduzir os impactos ambientais do tratamento dos resíduos sólidos da etapa de processamento.


Subject(s)
Animals , Aquaculture/statistics & numerical data , Fishing Industry , Garbage , Environment
5.
B. Inst. Pesca ; 42(4): 791-799, out./dez. 2016. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-684310

ABSTRACT

We evaluated the productive chain of fish consumed in the State of Bahia using Life Cycle Analysis (LCA). We estimated the inputs and outputs from logistics and fish processing. For every kg of processed and transported fish we calculated the Global Warming Potential (GWP) based on the amount of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) given in kg of CO2eq, as follows: 0.020 electricity; 0.003 water consumption; 0.002 wastewater; 0.160 and 1.495 waste from the gutted and filleted fish, respectively; 0.871 and 1.007 refrigerated transportation of gutted and filleted fish, respectively. The sum of GHG emissions were 1.058 and 2.592 kg of CO2eq per kg of gutted and filleted fish, respectively. LCA results indicate that it is possible to reduce the GWP associated with refrigerated transportation by increasing local fish production and decreasing importation, especially given the available water potential of Bahia. However, to achieve a sustainable production it is imperative to adopt and also develop technologies that promote environmental impact reduction from solid residues.(AU)


Avaliamos a cadeia produtiva do pescado consumido no Estado da Bahia utilizando a Análise de Ciclo de Vida (ACV). Estimamos os consumos e emissões associados à logística e ao processamento do peixe. O Potencial de Aquecimento Global (PAG) foi calculado com base na quantidade de Gases Efeito Estufa (GEE) indicadas por kg de CO2eq para cada kg de peixe processado foram: 0,020 - eletricidade; 0,003 consumo de água; 0,0029 efluentes; 0,160 e 1,495 resíduos sólidos para os peixes eviscerados e filetados, respectivamente, e 0,871 e 1,007 transporte refrigerado dos peixes eviscerados e filetados, respectivamente. O somatório do impacto das emissões de GEE foram 1,058 e 2,529 kg de CO2eq por kg de peixe eviscerado e filetado, respectivamente. Os resultados indicaram que é possível reduzir o PAG do transporte refrigerado com o aumento da produção local de peixe e redução das importações, especialmente considerando o potencial hídrico da Bahia. Entretanto, a produção sustentável requer a adoção e desenvolvimento de tecnologias para reduzir os impactos ambientais do tratamento dos resíduos sólidos da etapa de processamento.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Fishing Industry , Aquaculture/statistics & numerical data , Garbage , Environment
6.
PLoS One ; 10(3): e0118880, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25738286

ABSTRACT

In this paper we estimate the living carbon lost from Ecuador's mangrove forests since the advent of export-focused shrimp aquaculture. We use remote sensing techniques to delineate the extent of mangroves and aquaculture at approximately decadal periods since the arrival of aquaculture in each Ecuadorian estuary. We then spatiotemporally calculate the carbon values of the mangrove forests and estimate the amount of carbon lost due to direct displacement by aquaculture. Additionally, we calculate the new carbon stocks generated due to mangrove reforestation or afforestation. This research introduces time and LUCC (land use / land cover change) into the tropical forest carbon literature and examines forest carbon loss at a higher spatiotemporal resolution than in many earlier analyses. We find that 80 percent, or 7,014,517 t of the living carbon lost in Ecuadorian mangrove forests can be attributed to direct displacement of mangrove forests by shrimp aquaculture. We also find that IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) compliant carbon grids within Ecuador's estuaries overestimate living carbon levels in estuaries where substantial LUCC has occurred. By approaching the mangrove forest carbon loss question from a LUCC perspective, these findings allow for tropical nations and other intervention agents to prioritize and target a limited set of land transitions that likely drive the majority of carbon losses. This singular cause of transition has implications for programs that attempt to offset or limit future forest carbon losses and place value on forest carbon or other forest good and services.


Subject(s)
Aquaculture/statistics & numerical data , Carbon/analysis , Spatio-Temporal Analysis , Wetlands , Animals , Conservation of Natural Resources , Decapoda/growth & development , Ecuador
7.
An Acad Bras Cienc ; 86(3): 1063-76, 2014 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25211098

ABSTRACT

Ecological modeling has been used as a tool to estimate potential impacts caused by aquaculture to the surrounding environment. In this work, a mathematical model was applied to estimate the maximum amount of pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus paulensis) culture units (3,100m2 pen enclosures) that could be installed at two shallow estuarine bays of Patos Lagoon (known as Coreia and Porto do Rei) with no significant effects on either water quality or viability of the culture system. To calibrate the model, information about the culture of Litopenaeus vannamei and F. paulensis as well as field data (influence of netting material, water current speed and nitrogen concentrations) were used. Under a bad scenario (water current velocity of 0.01m s-1 and a mesh clogging effect of 40%), it would be possible to install up to 29 pens at the Coreia bay, and 39 pens at the Porto do Rei bay. Results indicate that the model was useful in determining the maximum number of culture units that could be installed at these bays, and thus have the potential to become an important tool in the definition of environmental management strategies in relation to aquaculture development.


Subject(s)
Aquaculture/methods , Models, Biological , Penaeidae , Animals , Aquaculture/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Conservation of Natural Resources , Estuaries
8.
Ci. Anim. bras. ; 15(2): 159-167, Abr-Jun. 2014. tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-379458

ABSTRACT

In recent years shrimp culture farms have been one of the most growing sectors in aquaculture. Research has been carried out in order to establish a sustainable production maintaining profit and low environmental impact. Current investigation analyzed source and effluent water produced during the final grow-out phase of the Amazon shrimp (Macrobrachium amazonicum). Twelve natural-bottom ponds, with continuous water flow and stock density comprising 40, 60, 80 and 100 young shrimps/m2 were analyzed. The experiment design comprised totally randomized blocks with four treatments and three replications. Microbiological analyses for Escherichia coli was attempted, coupled to physical and chemical analyses for pH, temperature, total suspended solids, total nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand of water supply and pond effluents. Results show that whereas effluent quality complied with current legal rules, there was no significant difference between supply and effluent water for the analyzed variables and between stock densities. Under the conditions investigated and the intensification of culture in the final grow-out phase up to a density of 100 young shrimps/m2, the production of M. amazonicum reveals low potential for environmental impact for the variables analyzed.(AU)


Nas últimas décadas, a carcinicultura de água doce foi um dos setores que mais cresceu na aquicultura. Muitas pesquisas têm sido realizadas a fim de buscar metodologias para uma produção sustentável, ou seja, lucrativa e com baixo impacto ambiental. Neste contexto, o presente estudo objetivou analisar a qualidade da água de abastecimento e do efluente gerado na fase de crescimento final do cultivo do camarão-da-amazônia (Macrobrachium amazonicum). Foram analisados 12 viveiros de fundo natural, com fluxo contínuo de água e densidade de estocagem de 40, 60, 80 e 100 juvenis/m2. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos inteiramente casualizados com quatro tratamentos e três repetições. Foram realizadas análises microbiológicas para Escherichia coli e análises físicas e químicas para pH, temperatura, sólidos totais suspensos, nitrogênio total, nitrito, nitrato, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio e demanda química de oxigênio da água de abastecimento e efluentes dos viveiros. Os resultados revelaram que a qualidade do efluente estava de acordo com a legislação vigente e que não ocorreu diferença significativa entre a água de abastecimento e efluente para as variáveis analisadas. Também não ocorreu diferença significativa entre as densidades de estocagem. Concluiu-se que a produção de M. amazonicum nas condições estudadas e a intensificação do cultivo na fase de crescimento final, até a densidade de 100 juvenis/m2, para as variáveis analisadas, apresenta baixo potencial de impacto ambiental.(AU)


Subject(s)
Aquaculture/methods , Aquaculture/statistics & numerical data , Water Quality , Wastewater , Sustainable Development , Escherichia coli/pathogenicity , Water Physicochemical Characteristics
9.
Ciênc. anim. bras. (Impr.) ; 15(2): 159-167, Abr-Jun. 2014. tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1473324

ABSTRACT

In recent years shrimp culture farms have been one of the most growing sectors in aquaculture. Research has been carried out in order to establish a sustainable production maintaining profit and low environmental impact. Current investigation analyzed source and effluent water produced during the final grow-out phase of the Amazon shrimp (Macrobrachium amazonicum). Twelve natural-bottom ponds, with continuous water flow and stock density comprising 40, 60, 80 and 100 young shrimps/m2 were analyzed. The experiment design comprised totally randomized blocks with four treatments and three replications. Microbiological analyses for Escherichia coli was attempted, coupled to physical and chemical analyses for pH, temperature, total suspended solids, total nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand of water supply and pond effluents. Results show that whereas effluent quality complied with current legal rules, there was no significant difference between supply and effluent water for the analyzed variables and between stock densities. Under the conditions investigated and the intensification of culture in the final grow-out phase up to a density of 100 young shrimps/m2, the production of M. amazonicum reveals low potential for environmental impact for the variables analyzed.


Nas últimas décadas, a carcinicultura de água doce foi um dos setores que mais cresceu na aquicultura. Muitas pesquisas têm sido realizadas a fim de buscar metodologias para uma produção sustentável, ou seja, lucrativa e com baixo impacto ambiental. Neste contexto, o presente estudo objetivou analisar a qualidade da água de abastecimento e do efluente gerado na fase de crescimento final do cultivo do camarão-da-amazônia (Macrobrachium amazonicum). Foram analisados 12 viveiros de fundo natural, com fluxo contínuo de água e densidade de estocagem de 40, 60, 80 e 100 juvenis/m2. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos inteiramente casualizados com quatro tratamentos e três repetições. Foram realizadas análises microbiológicas para Escherichia coli e análises físicas e químicas para pH, temperatura, sólidos totais suspensos, nitrogênio total, nitrito, nitrato, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio e demanda química de oxigênio da água de abastecimento e efluentes dos viveiros. Os resultados revelaram que a qualidade do efluente estava de acordo com a legislação vigente e que não ocorreu diferença significativa entre a água de abastecimento e efluente para as variáveis analisadas. Também não ocorreu diferença significativa entre as densidades de estocagem. Concluiu-se que a produção de M. amazonicum nas condições estudadas e a intensificação do cultivo na fase de crescimento final, até a densidade de 100 juvenis/m2, para as variáveis analisadas, apresenta baixo potencial de impacto ambiental.


Subject(s)
Aquaculture/statistics & numerical data , Aquaculture/methods , Water Quality , Wastewater , Water Physicochemical Characteristics , Sustainable Development , Escherichia coli/pathogenicity
10.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 18(4): 629-37, 2011 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21057881

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This paper analyses the presence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in escaped: farmed and wild salmons in southern Chile, analysing their concentrations and congener profiles in two species (Oncorhynchus kisutch and Oncorhynchus mykiss). METHODS: Muscle samples from both farmed and escaped fish of two species, O. mykiss (rainbow trout) and O. kisutch (coho salmon), were analysed for PCBs (42 congeners). To differentiate between the wild salmon and the salmon that have escaped from fish farms, the astaxanthin content in the muscular tissue was analysed with a high-performance liquid chromatography -diode array detector method. PCBs were measured by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector. RESULTS: The levels of astaxanthin can be used to differentiate between farmed, escaped and wild-borne salmons with statistically different concentrations. When comparing the total PCB concentrations for both trout and salmon samples, it can be determined that a separate analysis for farmed, escaped and wild-borne fish more accurately describes the real differences in the concentrations; these differences are hidden when separate analyses are not performed. The congener profiles are similar in both trout and coho salmon, where the tri-, tetra- and penta-CB congeners are the most abundant. CONCLUSION: This study is the first report of PCBs in wild-borne, farmed and escaped salmons for the Southern Hemisphere, considering that Chile is actually one of the principal world producers of salmon.


Subject(s)
Aquaculture/statistics & numerical data , Oncorhynchus kisutch/metabolism , Oncorhynchus mykiss/metabolism , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/metabolism , Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism , Animals , Chile , Environmental Monitoring , Xanthophylls/metabolism
13.
Braz J Biol ; 70(1): 65-73, 2010 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20231961

ABSTRACT

The oyster Crassostrea spp. is one of the main fisheries resources in the southern portion of São Paulo State. This paper aims to evaluate the extractivism of that resource, supplying subsidies to the implementation of management regulations. This study was developed in Cananéia, from February 1999 to December 2006. The oyster production data in dozens was obtained through weekly or monthly interviews. The annual and average CPUE in dozens per day was analysis to verify significant differences along years. There are no regulations that limit the fishing effort or organize the admission in the fishermen. The admission is controlled by the condition of the market and there is a risk of increasing the fishing effort above the sustainable yield, which demands measures that control the number of fishermen engaged in the activity. Those measures, to be effective, must be created in discussion with the fisheries sector, based on technical information.


Subject(s)
Aquaculture/statistics & numerical data , Conservation of Natural Resources , Crassostrea , Environmental Monitoring , Animals , Aquaculture/economics , Brazil , Humans , Seasons
14.
Braz. J. Biol. ; 70(1): 65-73, Feb. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-2632

ABSTRACT

The oyster Crassostrea spp. is one of the main fisheries resources in the southern portion of São Paulo State. This paper aims to evaluate the extractivism of that resource, supplying subsidies to the implementation of management regulations. This study was developed in Cananéia, from February 1999 to December 2006. The oyster production data in dozens was obtained through weekly or monthly interviews. The annual and average CPUE in dozens per day was analysis to verify significant differences along years. There are no regulations that limit the fishing effort or organize the admission in the fishermen. The admission is controlled by the condition of the market and there is a risk of increasing the fishing effort above the sustainable yield, which demands measures that control the number of fishermen enganged in the activity. Those measures, to be effective, must be created in discussion with the fisheries sector, based on technical information.(AU)


A ostra do mangue Crassostrea spp. é um dos principais recursos pesqueiros da porção sul do Estado de São Paulo. O presente documento visa avaliar o extrativismo do recurso no município de Cananeia, fornecendo subsídios para implementação de normas de manejo e para a manutenção da sustentabilidade da atividade. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em Cananeia, entre fevereiro de 1999 e dezembro de 2006, com o acompanhamento dos desembarques de ostras junto aos extrativistas profissionais. A produção em dúzias foi obtida por meios entrevistas semanais e/ou mensais. A CPUE (Captura por Unidade de Esforço) anual, em dúzias por dia, foi estimada pela produção total do ano dividida pelo esforço total no ano, e a CPUE anual média foi obtida pela média das CPUEs mensais. Foi aplicada a análise de variância (ANOVA), o teste de Tukey e o teste F para verificação de diferenças significativas entre as CPUEs anuais médias, com α de 5 por cento. Entre 1999 e 2001 houve queda significativa nos valores de produção e CPUE (anual e anual média), coincidindo com níveis elevados de esforço pesqueiro sobre o recurso. A partir de 2002 os índices de abundância apresentaram estabilização, ocorrendo também diminuição, seguida de estabilização do esforço pesqueiro. A ostra é um recurso de livre acesso, não existindo regulamentação que limite o esforço pesqueiro ou organize o ingresso de pescadores na atividade. O ingresso é controlado pela condição de mercado do produto, havendo o risco de aumento do esforço de pesca acima do sustentável, o que demanda medidas que controlem o número de pescadores na atividade. Tais medidas, para serem efetivas, devem ser construídas em conjunto com o setor pesqueiro, a partir do subsídio de informações técnicas. Este processo de aprendizado dinâmico tornará mais eficientes às medidas de manejo, com consequente melhora nos resultados de sustentabilidade do recurso, implicando na gestão do recurso de forma integrada, a partir de seus ...(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Aquaculture/statistics & numerical data , Conservation of Natural Resources , Crassostrea , Environmental Monitoring , Aquaculture/economics , Brazil , Seasons
15.
Braz. j. biol ; Braz. j. biol;70(1): 65-73, Feb. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-539734

ABSTRACT

The oyster Crassostrea spp. is one of the main fisheries resources in the southern portion of São Paulo State. This paper aims to evaluate the extractivism of that resource, supplying subsidies to the implementation of management regulations. This study was developed in Cananéia, from February 1999 to December 2006. The oyster production data in dozens was obtained through weekly or monthly interviews. The annual and average CPUE in dozens per day was analysis to verify significant differences along years. There are no regulations that limit the fishing effort or organize the admission in the fishermen. The admission is controlled by the condition of the market and there is a risk of increasing the fishing effort above the sustainable yield, which demands measures that control the number of fishermen enganged in the activity. Those measures, to be effective, must be created in discussion with the fisheries sector, based on technical information.


A ostra do mangue Crassostrea spp. é um dos principais recursos pesqueiros da porção sul do Estado de São Paulo. O presente documento visa avaliar o extrativismo do recurso no município de Cananeia, fornecendo subsídios para implementação de normas de manejo e para a manutenção da sustentabilidade da atividade. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em Cananeia, entre fevereiro de 1999 e dezembro de 2006, com o acompanhamento dos desembarques de ostras junto aos extrativistas profissionais. A produção em dúzias foi obtida por meios entrevistas semanais e/ou mensais. A CPUE (Captura por Unidade de Esforço) anual, em dúzias por dia, foi estimada pela produção total do ano dividida pelo esforço total no ano, e a CPUE anual média foi obtida pela média das CPUEs mensais. Foi aplicada a análise de variância (ANOVA), o teste de Tukey e o teste F para verificação de diferenças significativas entre as CPUEs anuais médias, com α de 5 por cento. Entre 1999 e 2001 houve queda significativa nos valores de produção e CPUE (anual e anual média), coincidindo com níveis elevados de esforço pesqueiro sobre o recurso. A partir de 2002 os índices de abundância apresentaram estabilização, ocorrendo também diminuição, seguida de estabilização do esforço pesqueiro. A ostra é um recurso de livre acesso, não existindo regulamentação que limite o esforço pesqueiro ou organize o ingresso de pescadores na atividade. O ingresso é controlado pela condição de mercado do produto, havendo o risco de aumento do esforço de pesca acima do sustentável, o que demanda medidas que controlem o número de pescadores na atividade. Tais medidas, para serem efetivas, devem ser construídas em conjunto com o setor pesqueiro, a partir do subsídio de informações técnicas. Este processo de aprendizado dinâmico tornará mais eficientes às medidas de manejo, com consequente melhora nos resultados de sustentabilidade do recurso, implicando na gestão do recurso de forma integrada, a partir de seus ...


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Aquaculture/statistics & numerical data , Conservation of Natural Resources , Crassostrea , Environmental Monitoring , Aquaculture/economics , Brazil , Seasons
16.
Arq. ciênc. vet. zool. UNIPAR ; 8(2): 181-195, jul.-dez. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-444821

ABSTRACT

RESUMO: As atividades da pesca e aqüicultura têm sido consideradas como as futuras fontes de proteína de alta qualidade, já que elas são capazes de gerar volumes consideráveis de renda, tanto em países desenvolvidos, quanto naqueles em desenvolvimento. Contudo as estatísticas mostram uma acentuada redução da atividade pesqueira proveniente da pesca extrativa e, por outro lado, ascensão da aqüicultura, fato esse que poderá levar a aqüicultura se tornar a grande responsável pela produção de alimento e renda. Apesar do expressivo crescimento do setor aqüícola nacional, o consumo de pescado "per capita" não tem apresentado crescimento na mesma proporção. Isso pode ser atribuído a fatores como a falta de hábito do consumidor brasileiro em consumir carne de pescado e principalmente devido à falta de qualidade, diversidade e praticidade oferecidas pelos produtos comercializados nacionalmente. Assim a busca de desenvolvimento e profi ssionalização das indústrias de processamento de pescado pode levar à popularização e aumento do consumo desses produtos a partir da produção de produtos mais elaborados ou pré ­ prontos. Além disso, o aproveitamento dos resíduos da industrialização para a produção de farinhas, silagens, óleos ou peles pode levar a uma maior agregação de valor aos produtos e lucratividade das indústrias. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho é revisar os aspectos relacionados ao consumo e processamento do pescado no Brasil


ABSTRACT: The fi sheries and aquaculture have been considered as the future high quality protein sources because of their capacity of generating considerable volumes of income, as much in developed countries as in those which are still in the development process. However, the statistics show a reduction of the fi sheries yield and on the other hand an increase of the aquacultures yields. This issue will make the aquaculture the greatest responsible for the production of food and income. Despite the national aquaculture increase, the fi sh consumption per capita has not presented growth in the same ratio. This can be attributed to factors like the lack of habits of the Brazilian consumer in consuming fi sh and mainly due to the lack of quality and diversity of national products. Thus, the search for development and professionalization of the industries of fi sh processing can lead to a popularization and increase of these products consumption from the pay - ready products production on. Moreover, fi sh by-products industrialization to meal, ensilages, oils or skins production can take to a bigger aggregation of value to the products and profi tability industries. In this sense, the objective of this work is to review the aspects related to the fi sh consumption and processing in Brazil.


RESUMEN: Las actividades de la pesca y acuicultura han sido consideradas como las futuras fuentes de proteína de alta calidad ya que éstas son capaces de generar volúmenes considerables de renta, tanto en países desarrollados, como en vías de desarrollo. Sin embargo las estadísticas muestran una acentuada reducción de la actividad pesquera proveniente de la pesca extractiva y, por otro lado, ascensión de la acuicultura, hecho éste que podrá llevar la acuicultura a ser la gran responsable por la producción de alimento y renta. A pesar del expresivo crecimiento del sector acuícola nacional, el consumo de pescado "per cápita" no presentó crecimiento en la misma proporción. Esto puede ser atribuido a factores como la falta de hábito del consumidor brasileño en consumir carne de pescado y principalmente debido a la falta de calidad, diversidad y practicidad ofrecidas por los productos comercializados nacionalmente. Así la búsqueda por desarrollo y profesionalización de las industrias de procesamiento de pescado puede llevar a la popularización y aumento de consumo de estos productos, desde la producción de productos más elaborados o prelistos. Además, el aprovechamiento de los residuos de la industrialización para la producción de harinas, forrajes, aceites o pieles puede llevar a una mayor agregación de valor a los productos y a la rentabilidad de las industrias. En este sentido el objetivo de este trabajo es revisar los aspectos relacionados al consumo y procesamiento del pescado en Brasil.


Subject(s)
Aquaculture/economics , Aquaculture/statistics & numerical data , Aquaculture/trends , Food Handling
17.
J Environ Manage ; 72(3): 117-31, 2004 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15251219

ABSTRACT

The North Rupununi District in south-west Guyana is comprised of a mosaic of ecosystems, including savannas, wetlands and forests, and is home to the Makushi Amerindians, who depend on the waterways for their subsistence needs. With logging and mining seen as increasing threats to the region, it is necessary to look at methods for engaging stakeholders in monitoring the status of their natural resources. This paper presents the results of a pilot study carried out to investigate water use by the Makushi Amerindians, and collect baseline data on the hydro-morphological aspects of the waterways. Methods included informal interviews, the use of the River Habitat Survey (RHS), and water quality measurements. The results indicate the heavy reliance of the Makushi on the waterways for their daily lives, particularly on fishing. Although ponds and creeks are important sources of fish, the rivers provide much larger catches of a greater diversity of fish species, both in the wet and dry seasons. The physical characteristics of the water sources used by the Makushi are mainly associated with the surrounding habitat types: the savanna areas containing the more nutrient rich white-water rivers, and the tropical forest areas containing the less nutrient rich black-water rivers. This study indicates that at present there is no direct evidence of adverse impacts on the waterways used by the Makushi in terms of fish catches, habitat conditions and water quality. A monitoring scheme was set up using this study's outputs as a baseline from which any future changes can be compared. Further work is to be carried out over the next three years to produce monitoring and sustainable management procedures for the North Rupununi ecosystems, by linking the physical attributes of the environment to biodiversity and subsequently local livelihoods, and by building capacity of local stakeholders through training.


Subject(s)
Aquaculture/trends , Conservation of Natural Resources/trends , Water Supply , Animals , Aquaculture/statistics & numerical data , Conservation of Natural Resources/statistics & numerical data , Environmental Monitoring , Fishes , Fresh Water/analysis , Guyana , Humans , Indians, South American , Principal Component Analysis , Rivers , Seasons , Water Supply/statistics & numerical data
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