Prevention of radial artery occlusion-patent hemostasis evaluation trial (PROPHET study): a randomized comparison of traditional versus patency documented hemostasis after transradial catheterization.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of hemostasis with patency in avoiding radial artery occlusion after transradial catheterization. BACKGROUND: Radial artery occlusion is an infrequent but discouraging complication of transradial access. It is related to factors such as sheath to artery ratio and is less common in patients receiving heparin. Despite being clinically silent in most cases, it limits future transradial access. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Four hundred thirty-six consecutive patients undergoing transradial catheterization were prospectively enrolled in the study. Two hundred nineteen patients were randomized to group I, and underwent conventional pressure application for hemostasis. Two hundred seventeen patients were randomized to group II and underwent pressure application confirming radial artery patency using Barbeau's test. Radial artery patency was studied at 24 hr and 30 days using Barbeau's test. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients had evidence of radial artery occlusion at 24 hr. Twenty patients had persistent evidence of radial artery occlusion at 1 month. Group II, with documented patency during hemostatic compression, had a statistically and clinically lower incidence of radial artery occlusion (59% decrease at 24 hr and 75% decrease at 30 days, P < 0.05), compared with patients in group I. Low body weight patients were at significantly higher risk of radial artery occlusion. No procedural variables were found to be associated with radial artery occlusion. CONCLUSION: Patent hemostasis is highly effective in reducing radial artery occlusion after radial access and guided compression should be performed to maintain radial artery patency at the time of hemostasis, to prevent future radial artery occlusion.

[Effect of hydroxyurea on hemoglobin S]. / Efecto de la hidroxiurea en hemoglobina S.

Previous studies have determined the laboratory alterations, clinical efficacy and toxicity profile associated with hydroxyurea (HU) therapy in patients with severe sickle cell anemia. We report the efficacy of HU treatment in the prevention of vaso-occlusive crises in an 11-years-old boy with severe sickle cell disease. The number of vaso-occlusive crises, hospital days and blood transfusions in the year before HU treatment were compared with the same parameters at 6, 12, 24, 36 and 72 months of treatment. A decrease in the frequency of vaso-occlusive crises, blood transfusions and days spent in hospital were demonstrated during the HU treatment period compared to the same period before hand. The clinical and laboratory response to HU was dramatic in this severely affected patient, allowing him a normal schooling and social life. The adverse effects observed were not serious and reversed after transient discontinuation of HU. We conclude that long-term chronic treatment with HU for seriously ill sickle cell patients appears feasible, and devoid of any major toxicity.

Efecto de la hidroxiurea en hemoglobina S / Effect of hydroxyurea on hemoglobin S

Previous studies have determined the laboratory alterations, clinical efficacy and toxicity profile associated with hydroxyurea (HU) therapy in patients with severe sickle cell anemia. We report the efficacy of HU treatment in the prevention of vaso-occlusive crises in an 11-years-old boy with severe sickle cell disease. The number of vaso-occlusive crises, hospital days and blood transfusions in the year before HU treatment were compared with the same parameters at 6, 12, 24, 36 and 72 months of treatment. A decrease in the frequency of vaso-occlusive crises, blood transfusions and days spent in hospital were demonstrated during the HU treatment period compared to the same period before hand. The clinical and laboratory response to HU was dramatic in this severely affected patient, allowing him a normal schooling and social life. The adverse effects observed were not serious and reversed after transient discontinuation of HU. We conclude that long-term chronic treatment with HU for seriously ill sickle cell patients appears feasible, and devoid of any major toxicity (AU)

[Heparin in coronary angioplasty. Randomized study in cases with low risk of acute occlusion]. / Heparina na angioplastia coronária. Estudo randomizado em casos com baixo risco para lclusão aguda.

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of heparin in preventing the abrupt closure after coronary angioplasty in low risk patients for this phenomenon. METHODS: In the last 4 years, 525 patients successfully dilated were randomized to receive intravenous heparin (n = 264) or not (n = 261) after the angioplasty. The excluding criteria were contraindications for heparin and risk for abrupt closure (refractory unstable angina, primary coronary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction, evidence of intracoronary thrombus, intimal tear after the procedure and cases of chronic total occlusions). Both heparin and non heparin groups were similar in respect to female sex (15% x 17%; p = NS), age over 70 years old (7% x 9%; p = NS), previous myocardial infarction (26% x 24%; p = NS), multi-vessel procedures (4% x 7%; p = NS, stable angina (40% x 46%; p = NS), unstable angina (52% x 48%; p = NS) and angioplasty after thrombolytic therapy (8% x 6%; p = NS). RESULTS: The overall incidence of abrupt closure was 2/525 (0.4%), with one case (0.4%) in each group. The in-hospital mortality was 1/525 (0.2%), which occurred in a non-heparin patient, due to a anterior myocardial infarction. Major complications occurred similarly in heparin and non-heparin groups (0.4%). Bleeding complications were observed more frequently in the heparin group (7% x 2%; p = 0.002). All of them were in the catheterization site and none required blood transfusion. Severe systemic bleeding were not observed. CONCLUSION: In patients regarded as low risk for abrupt closure, the incidence of this complication was really low (0.4%) and heparin probably do not prevent it.

Heparina na angioplastia coronária: estudo randomizado em casos com baixo risco para oclusäo aguda / Use of heparin in coronary angioplasty: randomizad trial in low risk patients for abrupt closure

Objetivo - Avaliar prospectivamente a eficácia da heparina em prevenir a oclusäo aguda pós-angioplastia coronária em situaçöes de baixo risco para a ocorrência deste fenômeno. Métodos - Nos últimos 4 anos, 525 pacientes submetidos a dilataçäo coronária com sucesso, foram randomizados para receber (n=264) ou näo (n=261) heparina, após procedimento. Os critérios de oclusäo foram contra-indicaçäo ao uso da droga e risco elevado para oclusäo aguda (angina instável refratária angioplastia direta no infarto do miocárdio, dissecçäo coronária, presença de trombos intracoronários e dilataçäo de oclusöes crônicas). Comparando os que receberam heparina com os que näo receberam, näo se observou qualquer diferença significativa, quanto ao sexo (15% x 17% do sexo feminino, NS), idade acima de 70 anos (7% x 9% NS), infarto prévio (26% x 24% NS), dilataçäo de múltiplos vasos (4% x 7% NS), angina estável (40% x 46X NS), angina instável (52% x 48%NS) e trombólise preliminar (8% x 6% NS). Resultados - No total dos casos, ocorreram 2/525 (0,4%, oclusöes agudas, sendo uma (0,4%) em cada grupo. Houve 1/525 (0,2%) óbito hospitalar, causado por infarto do miocárdio (grupo com heparina. A incidência de infarto foi 0,4% nos dois grupos: ocorreu 1 (0,4%) operaçäo de emergência no grupo sem heparina. Foram observadas complicaçöes hemorrágicas em 7% dos pacientes com heparina e em 2% dos que näo receberam a droga (p=0,02),todas nos locais de punçäo e dissecçäo utilizados para o cateterismo cardíaco. Näo houve hemorragias sistêmicas ou necessidade de transfusäo sanguínea. Conclusäo - Nos pacientes considerados de baixo risco para oclusäo aguda pós-angioplastia coronária, a ocorrência deste fenômeno foi realmente reduzida (0,4%). O emprego da heparina, em dose plena e com ajustes adequados aparentemente, näo influenciou este resultado

Purpose - To assess the efficacy of heparin in preventing the abrupt closure after coronary angioplasty in low risk patients for this phenomenon. Methods - In the last 4 years, 525 patients sucessfully dilated wore randomized to receive intravenous heparin (n=264) or not (n=261) after the angioplasty. The excluding criteria were contraindications for heparin and risifor abrupt closure (reiractory unstable angina, primary coronary angioplasty in acute myocardial inforction, evidence of intracoronary thrombos, intimal tear after the procedure and cases of chronic total oclusions). Both heparin and non heparin groups were similar in respect to female sex (15% x 17%; p=NS), age over 70 years old (7% x 9%; p=NS), previous myocardial infarction (26% x 24%; p=NS), multi-vessel procedures (4%x 7%; p=NS, stable angina (40% x 46%; p=NS), unstable angina (52% x 48%; p=NS) and angioplasty after thrombolitic therapy (8% x 6%; p=NS). Results - The overall incidence of abrupt closure was 2/525 (0.4%), with one case (0.4%) in each group. The in-hospital mortality was 1/525 (0.2%), which occured in a non-heparin patient, due to a anterior myocardial inforction. Major complications occured similary in heparin and non-heparin groups (0.4%). Bleeding complications were observed more frequently in the heparin group (7% x 2%,p=0.002). All of them were in the catheterization site and none required blood transfusion. Severe sistemic bleeding were not observed. Conclusion - In patients regarded as low risk for abrupt closure, the incidence of this complication was really low (0.4%) and heparin probably do not prevent it

Arteriopatias no idoso / Arterial oclusive on the third age

Inclui coletânea de trabalhos que enfocam os vários aspectos da arteriopatia no idoso

[Diabetic vasculopathy, its relation to hypoglycemic agent use, the time of evolution and patient age]. / Vasculopatía diabética, su relación con uso de hipoglicemiantes, tiempo de evolución y edad de los pacientes.

The present study includes 404 patients with Diabetes Mellitus, admitted into the Angiology Service from the Hospital Provincial Docente Manuel Ascunse Domenech, Camaguey and from Dr. Antonio Luaces Iraola, Ciego de Avila. Type of injury, level of obstruction at the lower limbs, type of diabetes and treatment received for each patient were analyzed. Preliminary conclusions are: no relation was found between type of diabetes and level of obstruction; and the second conclusion was that patients receiving oral hypoglicemiants presented more obstruction, with a significant difference by the square test. Time of disease and age of patient had a direct correlation with the presence of vasculopathy. Finally, it should be noted that high level of glicemy during a long period of time and elderly patients are the main factors implicated in the high incidence of vasculopathy in diabetic patients.

Prevention of reocclusion by MCI-9038, a thrombin inhibitor, following t-PA-induced thrombolysis in a canine model of femoral arterial thrombosis.

We compared a selective thrombin inhibitor (MCI-9038; Argatroban), a thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor antagonist (L-670,596) and a serotonin-2 receptor antagonist (ketanserin) for their ability to hasten clot lysis and delay reocclusion in a canine model of femoral arterial thrombosis. Occlusive thrombosis was induced by insertion of a thrombogenic copper coil. Femoral arterial blood flow velocity (FABFV) was monitored directly and continuously by Doppler flowmetry. Thrombolysis was induced with tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA; 0.8 mg/kg, i.v.), starting 60 min after thrombotic occlusion and continued for 90 min. Ten minutes after occlusion, dogs received an intravenous infusion of either vehicle, MCI-9038 (10 micrograms kg-1 min-1), ketanserin (0.1 mg/kg bolus plus 5 micrograms kg-1 min-1), L-670,596 (1 mg/kg bolus plus 17 micrograms kg-1 min-1) or a combination of L-670,596 and ketanserin. All infusions were discontinued 1 h after stopping the t-PA, and were followed by a 30 min observation period. The times to thrombolysis were similar for all treatments (mean +/- SEM = 47 +/- 3; all groups). MCI-9038 prevented reocclusion, defined as permanent cessation of FABFV during the hour after stopping the t-PA. All dogs receiving MCI-9038 reoccluded within 30 min after stopping its infusion (71 +/- 3 min). Reocclusion occurred in all other dogs, except one vehicle-treated dog and a second dog that received L-670,596 plus ketanserin. Vehicle-treated dogs reoccluded within 23 +/- 8 min. Reocclusion was not delayed significantly by ketanserin, L-670,596 or the combination of the two.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)