Correlación entre resultados de citología y anatomía patológica en nódulos tiroideos intervenidos quirúrgicamente / Correlation between cytology results and pathological anatomy in surgically treated thyroid nodules / Correlação entre resultados de citologia eanatomia patológica em nódulos tireoidianos tratados cirurgicamente

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los nódulos tiroideos son habituales y pueden ser detectados por ultrasonido hasta en el 60% de la población general. La punción aspiración con aguja fina (PAAF) es una herramienta imprescindible en la actualidad para evaluar nódulos tiroideos. El objetivo de este estudio es describir la correlación entre la citología de un nódulo tiroideo y la histología luego de la exéresis quirúrgica, y así evaluar el valor diagnóstico de la PAAF. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes que fueron sometidos a tiroidectomía en el período comprendido entre enero de 2014 y diciembre de 2016. Se excluyeron a los pacientes cuya intervención estuvo motivada por un mal manejo del perfil hormonal, refractario al tratamiento médico, ya que no presentaban nódulos tiroideos, y los pacientes de edad pediátrica...

INTRODUCTION: Thyroid nodules are common and can be detected by ultrasound in up to 60% of the general population. Fine-needle aspiration citology (FNAC) is currently an essential tool for evaluating thyroid nodules. The aim of this study is to describe the correlation between cytology of a thyroid nodule and histology after surgical excision, and thus to evaluate the diagnostic value of FNAC. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Observational, descriptive and retrospective study. All patients who underwent thyroidectomy in the period between January 2014 and December 2016 were included. Patients whose intervention was motivated by poor hormonal profile management, refractory to medical treatment, were excluded because they had no nodules thyroid, and pediatric patients…

INTRODUÇÃO: Os nódulos tireoidianos são comuns e podem ser detectados por ultrasom em até 60% da população em geral. A aspiração com agulha fina (FNAP) é atualmente uma ferramenta essencial para avaliar os nódulos tireoidianos. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever a correlação entre citologia de um nódulo tireoidiano e histologia após a excisão cirúrgica, e assim avaliar o valor diagnóstico de FNAB. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudo observacional, descritivo e retrospectivo. Todos os pacientes que foram submetidos a tireoidectomia no período entre janeiro de 2014 e dezembro de 2016. Foram incluídos os pacientes cuja intervenção foi motivada por uma má gestão do perfil hormonal, refratária ao tratamento médico, porque não possuíam nódulos tireóide e pacientes pediátricos...

Imaging Surveillance in Patients After a Benign Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of the Thyroid: Associated Cost and Incidence of Subsequent Cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to determine patterns and cost of imaging tumor surveillance in patients after a benign fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of the thyroid in a large teaching hospital as well as the rate of subsequent cancer detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cohort study was approved by the appropriate institutional review board and complied with HIPAA. All patients who had a benign thyroid FNA biopsy between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2003, were identified from an institutional pathology database. We gathered information from electronic medical records on imaging tumor surveillance and subsequent cancer detection. Cost was determined using the facility total relative value unit and the 2014 Hospital Outpatient Prospective Payment System conversion factor. RESULTS: Between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2003, 1685 patients had a benign thyroid FNA biopsy, 800 (47.5%) of whom underwent follow-up imaging. These patients underwent 2223 thyroid ultrasound examinations, 606 ultrasound-guided thyroid FNA biopsies, 78 thyroid scintigraphy examinations, 168 neck CTs, and 53 neck MRIs at a cost of $529,874, $176,157, $39,622, $80,580, and $53,114, respectively, for a total cost of $879,347 or $1099 per patient. The mean length of follow-up was 7.3 years, during which time 19 (2.4%) patients were diagnosed with thyroid cancer at a cost of $46,281 per cancer. Seventeen (89.5%) were diagnosed with papillary carcinoma and two (10.5%) with Hurthle cell carcinoma. CONCLUSION: Over a 5-year period, about half of the patients who had a benign thyroid FNA biopsy underwent follow-up imaging at considerable cost with a small rate of subsequent malignancy.

Cáncer diferenciado de tiroides y tiroiditis de Hashimoto en el Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología (2006 - 2010) / Differentiated thyroid cancer and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis at the National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (2006-2010)

Objetivos: describir el comportamiento del cáncer de tiroides en los pacientes con tiroiditis de Hashimoto. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo, con 71 pacientes portadores de tiroiditis de Hashimoto, tratados en el Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología desde 2006 hasta 2010. Resultados: la tiroiditis de Hashimoto con la presencia de nódulos fue más frecuente en los grupos de edades entre 50 y 59 años. El sexo más afectado fue el femenino. De los 71 pacientes que integraron nuestro universo de estudio, a 12 (16,9 por ciento) se les diagnosticó carcinoma de tiroides de la variante papilar y todos del sexo femenino, y la incidencia del cáncer tiroideo aumentó con la edad. El hipoparatiroidismo transitorio fue la complicación posoperatoria más importante. Conclusiones: a mayor tiempo de evolución de la tiroiditis de Hashimoto mayor probabilidad de que aparezca un nódulo de tiroides y de adquirir un cáncer de tiroides. El manejo de los nódulos tiroideos asociados a la tiroiditis de Hashimoto es el mismo que el de los nódulos tiroideos sin tiroiditis. Para su evaluación nos apoyamos en la citología aspirativa con aguja fina, la ecografía, la biopsia por congelación, los factores pronósticos y de riesgos, también en la biopsia por inclusión en parafina. Se considera a la citología aspirativa con aguja fina de valor, en la exploración de un nódulo tiroideo(AU)

Objectives: to describe the behavior of the thyroid cancer in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Methods: retrospective, longitudinal, descriptive and observational study of 71 patients suffering Hashimoto's thyroiditis and treated at the National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology during 2006 through 2010. Results: Hashimoto's thyroiditis associated with thyroid nodules was more frequent in 50-59 years group and women were the most affected. Twelve (16.9 percent) out of 71 patients who formed the universe of study were diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma, all of them women. The incidence of thyroid cancer increased with the age. Transient hypoparathyroidism was the most important postoperative complication. Conclusions: the longer evolution of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, the greater probability of occuring thyroid nodules, with the risk of developing thyroid cancer. The management of nodular Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the same as that of thyroid nodule without thyroiditis. For their assessment, the main methods are fine needle aspiration biopsy, echography, freezing biopsy, prognostic and risks factors, and paraffin biopsy. Fine needle aspiration biopsy has is very important in the screening of a thyroid nodule(AU)

Citodiagnóstico en otorrinolaringología: diez años de experiencia en el Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau 2001 a 2010 / Citodiagnostic in otorhinolaryngology: ten years of experience in Barros Luco Hospital 2001 to 2010

Introducción: Dentro del estudio diagnóstico de pacientes con masa cervical la punción por aspiración con aguja fina (PAAF) es una herramienta útil debido a su facilidad y seguridad. Objetivo: Evaluar el rendimiento de las PAAF realizadas en nuestro servicio en los últimos diez años. Material y método: Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo. Se obtuvieron los datos de pacientes sometidos a PAAF en el Servicio de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau entre los años 2001 a 2010 y se correlacionaron con las biopsias definitivas atingentes. Resultados: Se realizaron 197 PAAF, de las cuales 140 (71%) fueron aptas para estudio citológico y 77 tenían biopsias concomitantes. Se obtuvo una sensibilidad de 46°%, especificidad de 85°%, valor predictivo positivo de 74°% y valorpredictivo negativo de 62°%. La localización para la cual se obtuvo un mejor rendimiento de la técnica fue para glándulas salivales y los diagnósticos con mejor rendimiento fueron carcinoma escamoso y tumor mixto. Discusión: La PAAFes una herramienta subutilizada. Obtuvimos una alta tasa de muestras insuficientes para estudio diagnóstico y, en nuestro medio, es útil para descartar neo-plasia maligna en masas de glándulas salivales y metástasis de carcinoma escamoso.

Introduction: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is an useful tool for the diagnostic evaluation of patients with a cervical mass, because of its feasibility and safety. Aim: To determine the accuracy of FNA cytology in our hospital over the last ten years. Material and method: A retrospective and descriptive study. Data were obtained from patients undergoing FNA in the Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau from 2001 to 2010 and compared with the corresponding histology report of the original surgical specimen. Results: A total of 197 FNA procedures were performed in 143 patients. A definite cytological diagnosis was made in 140 patients (71%%). 77 patients had corresponding histology samples. The sensitivity was 46%%, specificity 85%%, positive predictive value 74% and negative predictive value 62%. The location for which we obtained a better performance of the technique was in salivary glands and the best performing diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma. Discussion: FNA is an underused diagnostic tool with a high rate of non diagnostic samples. It is useful to rule out malignancy in salivary gland masses and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in lymph nodes.

Accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of fine needle aspiration biopsy in salivary gland tumours: a retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) of salivary gland tumours performed at the Erasto Gaertner Hospital over the course of a four year period. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study was carried out between 2001-2005 to review the cases of patients with salivary gland tumours who had undergone pre-operative FNAB and had been diagnosed during post-operative histopathology examination. RESULTS: A total of 106 cases of salivary gland tumours were considered for this study, but 27 cases (25.5%) of the samples were considered unsatisfactory for analysis. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were calculated considering only the 79 benign and malignant cases in which FNAB provided sufficient samples for analysis. Based on these data, the value of sensitivity was 68.2% (15/22), specificity was 87.7% (50/57), accuracy was 82.3% (65/79), positive predictive value was 68.2% (15/22) and negative predictive value was 87.7% (50/57). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the high rate of inadequate samples obtained in the FNAB in this study, the technique offers high specificity, accuracy and acceptable sensitivity.

Nondiagnostic thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology: outcome in surgical treatment.

BACKGROUND: Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA) is the main screening process for distinguishing benign from malignant thyroid nodules. Despite this, by 5-29% of patients, their FNA results are not enough to confirm malign neoplasia, particularly in cases with follicular lesions. The objective of this report is to present the definitive histological results of a group of 41 patients with FNA of Thyroid nodule catalogued as "indeterminate/non diagnostic" sent for surgical treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was done on all of the patients who had underwent surgery for thyroid nodule, with a previous diagnosis of "indeterminate/non diagnostic" by FNA. Forty-one patients, three male (7.31%), and 38 female (92.68%), were included in the present study. RESULTS: Fifteen women and one man were positive for malignancies (39.02%). The nodule was bigger than 4 cm in 23 patients in total (56.09%), and of this percentage, 6 were malignant (26.09%). According to age, 24 patients were older than 45 years (58.5%), 8 of whom showed malignant pathology (33.3%). All these variables were non significant. Fifteen of 16 patients had a definitive diagnosis of papillary carcinoma and one follicular carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of patients with a diagnosis of "indeterminated/non diagnostic" had benign lesions (60.9%). The usual predictive factors for malignity such as age, sex, size of nodule, did not present a significant support in the differential diagnosis.

[Fine needle aspiration biopsy of breast lesions: institutional experience]. / Biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina en lesiones mamarias: experiencia institucional.

BACKGROUND: With the advent of new diagnostic technologies and the fear of low diagnostic accuracy, there has been a reduction in the use of fine needle aspiration (FNA) for diagnosis of breast lesions. The objectives of the present study were to establish the diagnostic accuracy and complications associated with FNA of breast lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed FNA of breast lesions done in a tertiary referral center in Mexico City from 1999 through 2001. We analyzed demographic, radiologic and pathological variables in order to establish diagnostic accuracy of FNA. The gold standard was considered the histopathologic study of the specimen or the clinical follow-up of benign lesions. Categorical variables were analyzed with the X2 method and statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05. RESULTS: We identified 300 patients with a mean age of 50 years (range, 20-86). Fifty-three percent were postmenopausal. In ninety-three percent of patients, FNA was performed in the outpatient clinic. Nonpalpable lesions were aspirated under ultrasound guidance. Mean size of the lesion was 2.27 cm (range 0.7-10 cm). Thirty-one percent of patients had definite diagnosis of malignancy. The only variables associated with cancer diagnosis were the BI-RADS category and the presence of palpable adenopathy. Cancer was diagnosed in 6.5% of lesions categorized as BI-RADS 0-3 compared to 56.2% for lesions BI-RADS 4-5 (p < 0.0001). Positive predictive value and specificity of FNA were 100%. Sensitivity, negative predictive value and accuracy were 82.6%, 92.8% and 94.7%, respectively. The most common diagnosis of false negative lesions were lobular and papillary carcinomas. There were no significant complications associated with FNA. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic accuracy of FNA for breast lesions is very high with minimal complications. Positive predictive value of 100% allows to establish therapy based on its results.

Biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina en lesiones mamarias: experiencia institucional / Fine needle aspiration biopsy of breast lesions: institutional experience

Background. With the advent of new diagnostic technologies and the fear of low diagnostic accuracy, there has been a reduction in the use of fine needle aspiration (FNA) for diagnosis of breast lesions. The objectives of the present study were to establish the diagnostic accuracy and complications associated with FNA of breast lesions. Material and methods. We retrospectively reviewed FNA of breast lesions done in a tertiary referral center in Mexico City from 1999 through 2001. We analyzed demographic, radiologic and pathological variables in order to establish diagnostic accuracy of FNA. The gold standard was considered the histopathologic study of the specimen or the clinical follow-up of benign lesions. Categorical variables were analyzed with the method and statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05. Results. We identified 300 patients with a mean age of 50 years (range, 20-86). Fifty-three percent were postmenopausal. In ninety-three percent of patients, FNA was performed in the outpatient clinic. Nonpalpable lesions were aspirated under ultrasound guidance. Mean size of the lesion was 2.27 cm (range 0.7-10 cm). Thirty-one percent of patients had definite diagnosis of malignancy. The only variables associated with cancer diagnosis were the BTRADS category and the presence of palpable adenopathy. Cancer was diagnosed in 6.5% of lesions categorized as BTRADS 0-3 compared to 56.2% for lesions BTRADS 4-5 (p < 0.0001). Positive predictive value and specificity of FNA were 100%. Sensitivity, negative predictive value and accuracy were 82.6%, 92.8% and 94.7%, respectively. The most common diagnosis of false negative lesions were lobular and papillary carcinomas. There were no significant complications associated with FNA. Conclusions. Diagnostic accuracy of FNA for breast lesions is very high with minimal complications. Positive predictive value of 100% allows to establish therapy based on its results.

Antecedentes. El advenimiento de nuevas tecnologías diagnósticas, así como el temor a baja exactitud diagnóstica, han reducido el papel de la biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina (BAAF) en lesiones mamarias. El objetivo del presente estudio fue el establecer la exactitud diagnóstica y complicaciones de la BAAF en esta indicación. Material y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo de BAAF de lesiones mamarias realizadas en nuestra institución de 1999 a 2001. Se analizaron variables demográficas, radiológicas e histopatológicas para establecer la exactitud diagnóstica. Se definió como estándar diagnóstico al análisis histopatológico del tejido o bien al seguimiento clínico en caso de lesiones benignas dejadas para observación. Las variables categóricas se analizaron con la prueba de . Se estableció como significativa a una p < 0.05. Resultados. Fueron identificados 300 pacientes con una edad promedio de 50 años (20-86). Fueron posmenopáusicas 53.3%. En 93.3% de los casos se realizó BAAF de lesión clínicamente palpable y en el resto de una lesión visible por ultrasonido. El tamaño promedio de la lesión fue de 2.27 cm (0.7-10 cm). De las pacientes, 30.7% tuvieron diagnóstico definitivo de lesión maligna. Las únicas variables asociadas al diagnóstico de cáncer fueron la clasificación radiológica de BI-RADS y la presencia de adenomegalias palpables. La incidencia de cáncer en pacientes con BI-RADS de 0 a 3 fue de 6.5% vs. 56.2% en aquellas con BI-RADS 4 o 5 (p < 0.0001). Tanto el valor predictivo positivo como la especificidad de la BAAF fueron de 100%, con una sensibilidad de 82.6% y valor predictivo negativo de 92.8%, para una exactitud diagnóstica de 94.7%. Las causas más frecuentes de falsos negativos fueron el carcinoma lobulillar infiltrante y el carcinoma papilar. No se presentaron complicaciones significativas en ningún caso asociadas con la BAAF. Conclusiones. La exactitud diagnóstica de la BAAF en lesiones mamarias es muy elevada, con una incidencia mínima de complicaciones. Un valor predictivo positivo de 100% permite basar la terapéutica en sus resultados. El diagnóstico de benignidad por BAAF permite el seguimiento seguro de lesiones mamarias.