ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To assess speech abilities in adolescents born preterm and investigate whether there is an association between specific speech deficits and brain abnormalities. STUDY DESIGN: Fifty adolescents born prematurely (<33 weeks' gestation) with a spectrum of brain injuries were recruited (mean age, 16 years). Speech examination included tests of speech-sound processing and production and speech and oromotor control. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging was acquired in all adolescents born preterm and 30 term-born control subjects. Radiological ratings of brain injury were recorded and the integrity of the primary motor projections was measured (corticospinal tract and speech-motor corticobulbar tract [CST/CBT]). RESULTS: There were no clinical diagnoses of developmental dysarthria, dyspraxia, or a speech-sound disorder, but difficulties in speech and oromotor control were common. A regression analysis revealed that presence of a neurologic impairment, and diffusion-weighted imaging abnormalities in the left CST/CBT were significant independent predictors of poor speech and oromotor outcome. These left-lateralized abnormalities were most evident at the level of the posterior limb of the internal capsule. CONCLUSION: Difficulties in speech and oromotor control are common in adolescents born preterm, and adolescents with injury to the CST/CBT pathways in the left-hemisphere may be most at risk.
Subject(s)
Brain Injury, Chronic/complications , Premature Birth , Pyramidal Tracts/pathology , Speech Disorders/diagnosis , Adolescent , Brain Injury, Chronic/pathology , Brain Injury, Chronic/physiopathology , Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Follow-Up Studies , Hearing Loss/etiology , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Psychomotor Performance , Speech Disorders/etiology , Speech Disorders/physiopathology , Speech Perception , Speech Production MeasurementABSTRACT
O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar as respostas de dez indivíduos lesados cerebrais para o Teste de Escuta Dicótica de Dissílabos (SSW em português (Borges, 1986). Estes indivíduos encontraram-se na faixa etária de 15 a 54 anos e nao possuíam queixas auditivas. Todos foram submetidos inicialmente, à avaliaçäo audiológica convencional e, em seguida, à avaliaçäo com o Teste de Escuta Dicótica de Dissílabos. Este, foi realizado na intensidade de 50dBNS, com auxílio de um audiômetro de dois canais acoplado a um gravador. Foi utilizada a lista de estímulos verbais proposta pelas fonoaudiólogas Alda C.L.C. Borges, Isa Scheneider e Rth Rejtman (Borges, 1986)...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Auditory Perception , Dichotic Listening Tests , Brain Injury, Chronic/complicationsABSTRACT
[3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB) binding to muscarine acetylcholine receptors (mAchR) was measured in cerebral cortex and caudate nucleus of rats ata the ages of 7, 14, and 21 days, which had received a subconvulsive intraperitoneal dose of monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) (4 mg/g) on postnatal days 1, 3, 5 and 7. MSG treatment determined an increasse of mAchR density in cerebral cortex. This was 8, 15 and 25 per cent at day 7, 14 and 21, respectively. In cuadate nucleus, a significant increase of mAchR density was detected at day 7 (240 per cent). However, on postnatal day 14, mAchR binding in caudate nucleus of MSG-Treated rats was only 47 per cent higher, while at 21 days, no changes in mAchR binding were found. When MSG was injected to adults rats, no changes in brain mAchR density were detected. Data suggest that early administration of MSG affects the development of mAchR in cerebral cortex and caudate nucleus, whereas the adult brain cortical cholinergic transmission is not sensitive to parenterally administered MSG
Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Cerebral Cortex/metabolism , Epilepsy/etiology , Brain Injury, Chronic/complications , Rats, Wistar/microbiology , Receptors, Cholinergic/physiology , Receptors, Muscarinic , Sodium Glutamate/pharmacokineticsABSTRACT
El presente articulo pretende revisar conceptos referentes al estado de coma, correlacionando los aspectos anatomicos con las manifestaciones clinicas, señalando los agentes etiologicos mas frecuentes y diferenciando el coma neurologico del no neurologico. Resalta ademas, la evaluacion clinica del paciente comatoso y las medidas generales de su manejo
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Coma/physiopathology , Abbreviated Injury Scale , Bolivia , Coma/diagnosis , Brain Injury, Chronic/complications , Neurologic ManifestationsABSTRACT
Se presentan 25 pacientes con lesiones subcorticales izquierdas, comprobadas con tomografía computada cerebral. En 9 de ellos se encontró una afasia transcortical, generalmente sensorial transcortical; 3 pacientes tenían afasia global, 2 afasia de Wernicke, 1 caso tenía afasia amnésica, otro de Broca y otro afasia latente. Ocho pacientes no tuvieron afasia, pero 5 de ellos tenían una agrafia lingüística. En 16 casos se encontró desartria y en 10 hipofonía. El análisis de esta experiencia y de la literatura permite concluir que las estructuras subcorticales forman parte del sistema funcional del lenguaje del habla y de la escritura