Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 12 de 12
Filter
1.
Acta toxicol. argent ; 29(3): 127-132, dic. 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1374205

ABSTRACT

Resumen Dentro de las formas alternativas de consumo de tabaco, se describe el uso de pipas de agua (también llamadas hookah, shisha o narguile) como implementos de uso. Esta forma de uso es una forma emergente en nuestro medio, con uso en estudiantes universitarios y secundarios. Debido a que utiliza carbón para quemar el tabaco, junto a largos períodos de uso, presenta riesgo de intoxicación por monóxido de carbono, especialmente si se utiliza en ambientes cerrados. En este artículo presentamos el caso de una paciente femenina de 19 años, quién fue traída al hospital con una intoxicación grave por monóxi do de carbono secundaria a uso de pipa de agua, requiriendo tratamiento con oxígeno en cámara hiperbárica. Realizamos una revisión de la bibliografía.


Abstract Amongst the alternative ways of tobacco use, water pipes (also called hookah, shisha or narghile) have been used as implements. This type of use is an emergent one in our environment, being used by high school and college students. Due to the use of charcoal as a way to burn the tobacco, and the long using times it presents, the users are at risk of being poisoned by carbon monoxide, especially if they smoke in enclosed spaces. In this paper, we present the case of a 19-year-old female patient, who was brought to the hospital with a severe case of carbon monoxide poisoning, requiring treatment with oxygen in a hyperbaric chamber. We make a review of the literature.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Young Adult , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/complications , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/diagnosis , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/therapy , Smoking Water Pipes , Smoke/adverse effects , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/prevention & control , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/epidemiology
2.
J Prim Prev ; 41(3): 279-295, 2020 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32410066

ABSTRACT

In 2017, Puerto Rico sustained extensive damage from Hurricane Maria, increasing the risk of fires and carbon monoxide (CO) poisonings. Using a population-based, in-person survey of households with children less than 6 years old in Puerto Rico, we collected data in 2010 concerning the presence of smoke alarms and CO alarms in these households. We generated national estimates by extrapolating the number of households in each stratum using data from the 2010 Census. We determined which household characteristics predicted the presence of these alarms. Of 355 households analyzed, 31% had functional smoke alarms, or an estimated 109,773 households territory wide. The presence of smoke alarms was associated with living in multifamily housing and no child in the household receiving government medical insurance. Public housing or publicly subsidized housing, as compared to owner-occupied housing and unsubsidized rental housing, was associated with having a functional smoke alarm in households with children aged less than 6 years. Based on only six houses having CO alarms, we estimated only 7685 (2%) households had CO alarms. The low prevalence of functional smoke or CO alarms 7 years before Hurricane Maria is unfortunate and should be remedied by ensuring that such alarms are widely installed in current rebuilding activities.


Subject(s)
Carbon Monoxide/analysis , Family Characteristics , Fires , Smoke/analysis , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/prevention & control , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cyclonic Storms , Female , Fires/prevention & control , Humans , Protective Devices , Public Housing , Puerto Rico , Risk Assessment
4.
Undersea Hyperb Med ; 43(4): 411-419, 2016.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28763170

ABSTRACT

Artisanal fishermen in the Yucatán Peninsula utilize hookah dive systems (HDS). The air compressors in these HDS are not filtered, and the intake is near the engine exhaust. This proximity allows carbon monoxide (CO) from the exhaust to directly enter the HDS volume tank and contaminate the fishermen diver's air supply. Conservative safety standards permit a diver's air supply to contain 10 parts per million (ppm) of CO. This study quantified the levels of CO in the diver's air supply both before and after physical separation of the engine exhaust from the compressor intake. CO levels in seven volume tanks were analyzed before and after a 1-inch hose was attached to the compressor intake and elevated 5 feet above the engine exhaust. The tanks were drained and refilled before collecting each set of pre- and post-intervention gas samples. Four CO measurements were collected before and after the intervention from each volume tank. A C-Squared© CO Analyzer (± 1 ppm), calibrated with a Praxair 70 ppm CON2 gas (± 5%), was used to analyze the gas samples. A paired samples t-test shows a statistically significant difference in average CO values before and after the intervention (t = 6.8674, df: 27; p⟨0.0001). The physical separation of the engine exhaust from the compressor intake reduced the CO contamination of the diver air supply by 72%. This intervention could be applied to the hookah systems in the rest of the fishing cooperative to reduce the divers' risk of CO poisoning.


Subject(s)
Air Pollutants, Occupational/analysis , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/prevention & control , Carbon Monoxide/analysis , Compressed Air , Diving , Fisheries , Occupational Diseases/prevention & control , Calibration , Equipment Design , Equipment and Supplies , Humans , Mexico , Reference Values , Vehicle Emissions
5.
Rev Panam Salud Publica ; 25(3): 242-53, 2009 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19454152

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Low-income residents of northern Mexico rely on unvented heaters during the winter, a practice that puts them at elevated risk for carbon monoxide intoxication. The goal of this study is to develop a communication protocol for carbon monoxide intoxication risks among the primarily low socioeconomic status population of Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico. METHODS: The mental models risk communication approach was used to identify important gaps in public understanding. This approach consists of step-by-step assessment of information needs and effectiveness of risk communication efforts by using interviews and surveys. RESULTS: The mental models process uncovered a key technical misunderstanding, the subject population's belief that carbon monoxide can be seen or smelled, which may result in a risk-prone behavior: failure to use a carbon monoxide detector. A communication protocol was designed to address this and other knowledge gaps, and it produced significant improvements in subjects' knowledge in a pretest/posttest evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: The mental models process was successful in developing a communication instrument capable of improving knowledge in the subject population. Future research needs include assessing the extent to which this instrument succeeds in changing behavior and reducing the risk of carbon monoxide intoxication. Future interventional efforts may focus on encouraging people to use carbon monoxide detectors.


Subject(s)
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/prevention & control , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Models, Theoretical , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Mexico , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Young Adult
6.
Cienc. Trab ; 11(31): 25-31, ene.-mar. 2009. tab, graf, mapas
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-523038

ABSTRACT

A partir de 2002 se implementó en la comuna de Providencia un proyecto de Prevención de Accidentes por Inhalación de Monóxido de Carbono en Edificios. Objetivos: Minimizar los riesgos de accidentes por inhalación de CO para los habitantes de su territorio; junto con informar y sensibilizar a la comunidad sobre la combustión segura de gas domiciliario, su normativa y la facilitación de las soluciones a los problemas detectados. Metodología: El proyecto se centró en la solución de problemas derivados de las deficiencias en la combustión de gas en edificios, a través de la capacitación de actores relevantes y coordinación entre organismos técnicos y proveedores de soluciones técnicas y financieras, para ayudar a las comunidades a satisfacer las regulaciones de seguridad para sus instalaciones de gas, de modo que pudieran obtener el sello verde, que otorga la Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles (SEC). Resultados: La totalidad de las comunidades que se integraron al proyecto desde 2002 hasta 2008 sumaron 519 con 751 personas capacitadas, que contaron con apoyo en los aspectos técnicos y legales para lograr mejoras en sus sistemas de combustión hasta el logro del sello verde, color que caracteriza edificaciones con una combustión y ventilación seguras. Hasta el año 2008, el 46 por ciento de las comunidades integradas al proyecto habían obtenido sello verde, mientras un 13,2 por ciento regularizó la situación de inspecciones atrasadas o sin inspección. El 7,5 por ciento inició las reparaciones necesarias para ser reevaluado por la SEC. Por lo tanto 342 comunidades con 27.184 departamentos y 62.523 habitantes, que representan el 66,5 por ciento del total de residentes de edificios de la comuna; obtuvieron avances importantes en sus niveles de salud ambiental y seguridad en la combustión de gases al interior de los edificios.


A project of prevention and control of accidents by inhalation of carbon monoxide in buildings of the district of Providencia, Chile, was implemented since 2002 in order to minimize the risks for the inhabitants together with reporting and sensitizing to the community about the topics of combustion of domiciliary gas and their regulations and to help to find solutions to the detected problems. Methodology: The project focused on the solution of problems derived from building´s gas combustion systems deficiencies, by capacitation of relevant actors and acting as a clearing house by means of coordination between technical organisms and suppliers and financers of solutions, in order to help the communities to fulfil the safety regulations for their gas facilities so they could opt to obtain the green stamp that is given by the Superintendence of Electricity and Fuels(SEC). Outcomes: The number of communities that joined the project from 2002 until 2008 were 519, with more than 750 enabled persons. They received support about technical and legal aspects to achieve the green stamp that in Chile is given to buildings with safe ventilation and combustion systems. The project benefits spread to all the residents of the buildings subject to the intervention because until 2008, 46 percent of the communities that were integrated to the project had obtained the green stamp and 13,2 percent the situation of delayed inspections or absence of inspection had been regularized, with the SEC. In addition a 7,5 percent of communities started the improvements of their systems to be reassessed by the national authority (SEC). Therefore, 342 communities with 27.184 apartments and 62523 inhabitants who represented 66,5 percent of building residents of the district, obtained important advances in their levels of environmental health and safety in indoor gas combustion.


Subject(s)
Humans , Air Pollution, Indoor/prevention & control , Gas Exhaust/prevention & control , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/prevention & control , Carbon Monoxide/adverse effects , Community Participation , Buildings , Chile
7.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 25(3): 242-253, Mar. 2009. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-515986

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Low-income residents of northern Mexico rely on unvented heaters during the winter, a practice that puts them at elevated risk for carbon monoxide intoxication. The goal of this study is to develop a communication protocol for carbon monoxide intoxication risks among the primarily low socioeconomic status population of Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico. METHODS: The mental models risk communication approach was used to identify important gaps in public understanding. This approach consists of step-by-step assessment of information needs and effectiveness of risk communication efforts by using interviews and surveys. RESULTS: The mental models process uncovered a key technical misunderstanding, the subject population's belief that carbon monoxide can be seen or smelled, which may result in a risk-prone behavior: failure to use a carbon monoxide detector. A communication protocol was designed to address this and other knowledge gaps, and it produced significant improvements in subjects' knowledge in a pretest/posttest evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: The mental models process was successful in developing a communication instrument capable of improving knowledge in the subject population. Future research needs include assessing the extent to which this instrument succeeds in changing behavior and reducing the risk of carbon monoxide intoxication. Future interventional efforts may focus on encouraging people to use carbon monoxide detectors.


OBJETIVOS: Los residentes de bajos ingresos del norte de México dependen durante el invierno de calefactores no ventilados, una práctica que los pone en mayor riesgo de intoxicación por monóxido de carbono. Se elaboró un protocolo de comunicación sobre los riesgos de intoxicación por monóxido de carbono en la población fundamentalmente de bajo nivel socioeconómico de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México. MÉTODOS: Se utilizó el enfoque de comunicación de riesgos de los modelos mentales para identificar importantes brechas en la comprensión pública. Este enfoque consiste en la evaluación paso a paso de las necesidades de información y la eficacia de los esfuerzos de comunicación de riesgos, mediante entrevistas y encuestas. RESULTADOS: El proceso basado en los modelos mentales descubrió un malentendido técnico clave: la población estudiada cree que el monóxido de carbono se puede ver u oler. Esto puede llevar a un comportamiento proclive al riesgo: no utilizar detectores de monóxido de carbono. Se diseñó un protocolo de comunicación para atender esta y otras brechas en el conocimiento que, según las evaluaciones previa y posterior, mejoró significativamente el nivel de conocimiento de las personas. CONCLUSIONES: El proceso basado en modelos mentales permitió desarrollar exitosamente un instrumento de comunicación capaz de mejorar el nivel de conocimiento en la población estudiada. Investigaciones futuras deben evaluar en qué grado este instrumento logra modificar el comportamiento y reducir el riesgo de intoxicación por monóxido de carbono. Nuevas intervenciones podrían centrarse en estimular el uso de detectores de monóxido de carbono.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/prevention & control , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Models, Theoretical , Mexico , Risk Factors , Young Adult
8.
Int J Hyg Environ Health ; 211(1-2): 40-9, 2008 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17336583

ABSTRACT

This study assessed exposure to carbon monoxide from gas and wood heater emissions in a sample of 64 households in peri-urban residential areas in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México. Indoor and outdoor carbon monoxide concentrations and temperatures were monitored for a continuous period of 1 week at 1 and 6-min intervals, respectively. The moving average carbon monoxide concentrations were compared to the World Health Organization (WHO) standards for carbon monoxide. Sixty-seven percent of households with gas heaters and 60% of households with wood heaters exceeded a health-based standard at some point during the monitoring. The difference between indoor and outdoor temperatures was modestly correlated with average carbon monoxide exposure (r=0.35, p-value <0.01). Heater type may be a stronger determinant of exposure, as households with a particular heater model (the El Sol FM-210) were significantly more likely to be among the more highly exposed households (odds ratio of 4.8, p-value of 0.02). A variety of health effects were pooled and found at elevated frequency in the households that exceeded the 8-h standard of 9ppm (odds ratio=5.1, p-value=0.031). These results highlight the need for further efforts to identify and mitigate potentially hazardous carbon monoxide exposures, particularly in moderate-income countries with cooler climates.


Subject(s)
Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis , Carbon Monoxide/analysis , Environmental Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Heating/adverse effects , Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/prevention & control , Environmental Exposure/adverse effects , Heating/instrumentation , Humans , Mexico , Risk , Ventilation
9.
Rev. chil. salud pública ; 7(1): 13-19, 2003. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-387955

ABSTRACT

El presente estudio fue realizado en un edificio ubicado en un área urbana en la zona oriente de Santiago de Chile, donde se produjo una muerte por intoxicación por monóxido de carbono. Como los accidentes de este tipo no han sido raros en el área, durante la época invernal, planeamos una intervención para controlar el riesgo de intoxicación por CO. Se midió el CO intradomiciliario en los 135 departamentos para evaluar el riesgo potencial de intoxicación de los residentes. Luego se realizó la intervención; se sellaron los ductos colectivos de ventilación, y se instalaron dispositivos de combustión equipados con ductos unitarios de ventilación de tiro forzado. Después de la intervención se seleccionó una muestra aleatoria de 41 departamentos para medir el CO del ambiente intradomiciliario (en primavera e invierno) para evaluar las variaciones de los niveles de concentración de CO. Las mediciones se hicieron en el lugar de emplazamiento del equipo en el momento en que su uso era más intensivo. En cada departamento muestreado se entrevistó a un adulto para conocer su grado de satisfacción con el desempeño del equipo. Previo a la intervención encontramos 30 por ciento de los departamentos muy por sobre los valores seguros de CO. La media fue de 107,7 ppm, con rangos entre 0 y 2.000 ppm. Se encontró que el 36 por ciento (162/454) de los residentes estaban expuestos al riesgo. Cinco departamentos sobrepasaban los 800 ppm, lo que significaba un 2,4 por ciento de riesgo de muerte por inhalación. Se detectó que esos altos niveles de toxicidad se debían a la inutilización de los ductos colectivos de extracción de los gases quemados por obstrucciones y a la falta de mantenimiento de los sistemas. Después de la intervención, ninguna lectura de CO sobrepasó la norma y el promedio de concentración de CO descendió a un rango entre 0,8 y 0,9 ppm, que se encuentra muy por debajo de los niveles considerados seguros de CO. La intervención fue altamente efectiva y de muy buena aceptación para los usuarios. La ventilación por tiro forzado aparece como muy superior para su utilización en edificios, comparada con los equipos de tiro natural hasta ahora de uso común en el país.


Subject(s)
Humans , Air Pollution, Indoor , Environmental Exposure , Environmental Hazards , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/prevention & control , Carbon Monoxide/toxicity , Asphyxiating Gases , Carboxyhemoglobin , Environmental Monitoring , Gas Exhaust , Risk Assessment , Toxic Gases
11.
Buenos Aires; s.n; s.f. 1 p.
Non-conventional in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: biblio-1215387

ABSTRACT

Informa sobre síntomas de intoxicación, medidas de precaución para evitarla, hospitales públicos de consulta, y la Red de Toxicología


Subject(s)
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/prevention & control , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/therapy , Carbon Monoxide/adverse effects , Carbon Monoxide/toxicity
12.
Buenos Aires; s.n; s.f. 1 p. (111651).
Non-conventional in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-111651

ABSTRACT

Informa sobre síntomas de intoxicación, medidas de precaución para evitarla, hospitales públicos de consulta, y la Red de Toxicología


Subject(s)
Carbon Monoxide/adverse effects , Carbon Monoxide/toxicity , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/prevention & control , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/therapy
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL