Prognosis of primary breast salivary gland-type carcinoma: a propensity score-matching analysis with invasive carcinoma of no special type based on the SEER database for years 2010-2020.

BACKGROUND: Primary breast salivary gland-type carcinoma has weak evidence to support its management due to its rare occurrence and limited data regarding its clinicopathological features and prognosis. Therefore, this study aimed to assess clinicopathological features and prognosis for this type of carcinoma diagnosed over the past decade and compared those to the common breast invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST). METHODS: This study used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to extract data regarding primary breast salivary gland-type carcinoma. Using a propensity score-matching approach, the prognosis was compared with invasive carcinoma, NST. RESULTS: This study included 488 cases of salivary gland-type carcinoma and 375,660 cases of invasive carcinoma, NST, giving an occurrence ratio of 1 to 770. Adenoid cystic carcinoma (81%) formed the majority of salivary gland-type carcinoma, followed by secretory carcinoma (13%). For salivary gland-type carcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma histological type, tumor grade 3, HER2-overexpressed status, and higher AJCC stage groups were significant worse prognostic factors for breast cancer-specific survival in univariate analyses (p < 0.05). Nonetheless, tumor grade 3 and higher AJCC stage groups remained as significant independent prognostic factors in multivariate analysis (p < 0.05). The apparent better breast cancer-specific survival of salivary gland-type carcinoma as compared to that of invasive carcinoma, NST, was diminished following adjustment for differences in baseline clinicopathological features and treatment-related variables. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that when managing primary breast salivary gland-type carcinoma, greater emphasis should be given to the tumor grade and AJCC stage group in addition to acinic cell carcinoma histological type and HER2 overexpression. Conventional prognostic factors are important as salivary gland-type carcinoma had similar prognosis as invasive carcinoma, NST, following adjustment for confounding variables.

Prognostic factors and survival outcome of primary pulmonary acinar cell carcinoma.

PURPOSE: The objective of our study was to investigate the epidemiologic characteristics and prognostic factors in patients with pulmonary acinar cell carcinoma (PACC). METHODS: PACC patients diagnosed between 1975 and 2016 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The trend in PACC incidence was assessed using joinpoint regression software. Overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify the independent prognostic factors for OS and DSS. Nomograms to predict survival possibilities were constructed based on the identified independent prognostic factors. RESULTS: A total of 2918 patients were identified with PACC. The mean age was 65.2 ± 8.95 years with a female to male of 1.6:1. The incidence of PACC steadily increased by an annual percentage change (APC) of 3.2% (95% CI 2.1-4.4, p < 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that age, gender, race, stage, grade, tumor size, number of positive lymph nodes, surgery, and chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for survival. Nomograms specifically for PACC were constructed to predict 1- and 5-year OS and DSS possibility, respectively. The concordance index (C-index) and calibration plots showed the established nomograms had robust and accurate performance. CONCLUSION: PACC was rare but the incidence has been steadily increasing over the past four decades. Survival has improved in recent years. Surgery or chemotherapy could provide better OS and DSS. The established nomograms specifically for PACC were robust and accurate in predicting 1- and 5-year OS and DSS.

Multicenter Retrospective Analysis of Chemotherapy for Advanced Pancreatic Acinar Cell Carcinoma: Potential Efficacy of Platinum- and Irinotecan-Containing Regimens.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this multicenter retrospective study was to identify the optimal chemotherapeutic regimen for advanced pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (PACC). METHODS: Fifty-eight patients with histopathologically confirmed advanced PACC who had received chemotherapy between 1996 and 2013 were enrolled. The clinical characteristics of the patients and the treatment efficacy data were collected from the medical records at 16 Japanese institutions, using standardized data collection instrument. RESULTS: The most commonly selected treatment regimens were gemcitabine-, fluoropyrimidine-, platinum-, and irinotecan-containing regimens. The overall response rate in the patients who received first-line chemotherapy were 7% and 38%, respectively, and the median overall survival was 13.2 months. When the data for all the treatment lines were aggregated, the response rates to gemcitabine-, fluoropyrimidine-, platinum-, and irinotecan-containing regimens were 7%, 18%, 40%, and 29%, respectively. The overall survival tended to be better in patients who had received a platinum-containing regimen (hazard ratio, 0.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.23-1.11; P = 0.08) or irinotecan-containing regimen (hazard ratio, 0.42; 95% confidence interval, 0.15-1.19; P = 0.09) at least once in the treatment course as compared with those who had not. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that platinum- and irinotecan-containing regimens exhibited some potential efficacy in patients with advanced PACC.

The contemporary trend in worsening prognosis of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma: A population-based study.

BACKGROUND: Primary acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) is a rare exocrine tumor of the pancreas with unclear clinical characteristics. Our goal was to determine the incidence and update the clinical characteristics and outcomes of ACC. METHODS: Through the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, we identified 252 patients with the latest diagnosis of ACC (2004-2016). The age-adjusted incidence (AAI) was calculated using the SEER*Stat Software version 8.3.6. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curves and differences among them were compared by the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate factors that had independent predictive effects on the overall survival. RESULTS: The AAI of pancreatic ACC was on the rise with the mean age at diagnosis of 63.79±14.79 years. Most patients (15.9%) had poorer differentiated tumors. The patients presented with distant stage were 54.4% compared with 53.1% between 1988 and 2003. The 1-, 2-, and 5-years survival rates for pancreatic ACC patients were 53.5%, 34.6%,17.5%, respectively (compared with 78.5%, 67.0%, and 42.8%, between 1988 and 2003). The multivariate COX analysis showed that the patient's age, surgery, chemotherapy, and summary stage, but not marital status were independent prognosis factors for ACC. CONCLUSIONS: Pancreatic ACC is a highly malignant tumor with an increasing incidence in recent years. The rate of distant metastasis is increasing and the survival rate is worse than in the past, suggesting that it may require more aggressive treatment and follow-up. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are all effective treatments, but prospective studies are still needed to verify them.

Clinical Analysis of Acinar Cell Carcinoma of the Pancreas: A Single-Center Experience of 45 Consecutive Cases.

BACKGROUNDS: Acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas is a rare malignancy, and its features remain unclear. We aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of acinar cell carcinoma with our institutional case series. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with acinar cell carcinoma in our hospital between 2005 and 2019 were reviewed. Investigations on clinicopathological features, treatment details and long-term survival were performed. RESULTS: A total of 45 pathologically confirmed acinar cell carcinomas were identified. The median age at diagnosis was 58 years with a male-to-female ratio of 3.1:1. There were 24 (53.3%) localized, 5 (11.1%) locally advanced and 16 (35.6%) metastatic cases, with a pancreatic head-to-body/tail ratio of 1:1.4 for all the primary lesions. In the localized group, there were 10 pancreatoduodenectomy, 12 distal pancreatectomy, 1 total pancreatectomy, and 1 distal pancreatectomy combined with proximal gastrectomy. Among the locally advanced and metastatic cases, 13 patients received chemotherapy, 1 received concurrent radiochemotherapy, 1 underwent synchronous resection of primary tumor and liver metastasis, 1 underwent palliative operation, 1 underwent exploratory laparotomy, and 4 required no treatment. The median overall survival of this series was 18.9 months with a 5-year survival rate of 19.6%. Moreover, the resected acinar cell carcinoma patients were associated with prolonged survival compared with the unresected cases (36.6 vs. 8.5 months, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical resection could improve the long-term survival of acinar cell carcinoma patients, which might also improve the prognosis of selected metastatic cases. Large-scale studies are needed to further clarify the biological behavior and clinical features, and to seek the optimal treatments.

Head & neck acinar cell carcinoma: a population-based study using the seer registry.

BACKGROUND: To explore the clinicopathologic characteristics, treatment and prognostic factors of head and neck acinar cell carcinoma (HNACC) comprehensively. METHODS: A population-based study was conducted using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1975-2016). Overall survival (OS) and HNACC-specific survival of patients with different clinicopathologic variables were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox multivariate regression. RESULTS: A total of 2624 primary HNACC cases (1052 males, 1572 females) were identified. There was a significant difference in gender distribution. Among the total cohort, 2416 cases originated from salivary glands, including 2325 parotid gland ACC cases. Regardless of confounding factors, the 10-year and 20-year disease-specific survival (DSS) was 93.6 and 90%, respectively. Surgery was favourably associated with better DSS and OS [HR = 0.13, P = 0.0092 and HR = 0.23, P = 0.0203]. Gender was the only demographic independent prognostic factor for both DSS and OS [Male vs female, HR = 3.3, P = 0.0028 for DSS; HR = 2.44, P = 0.0376 for OS]. Higher pathological grade was adversely associated with DSS and OS [Grade II, HR = 4.03, P = 0.0444; Grade III + IV, HR = 35.64, P = 0.0000 for DSS; Grade III + IV, HR = 4.49, P = 0.0000 for OS, Grade I as reference]. In addition, TNM/AJCC stage was commonly associated with prognosis. CONCLUSION: Surgery was the only favourable prognostic indicator for both DSS and OS. Gender, age, pathological differentiation and TNM/AJCC stage were independent prognostic factors for survival.

Efficacy of surgery combined with postoperative 125 I interstitial brachytherapy for treatment of acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland in children and adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) is rare in children; therefore, reaching a consensus on its management is challenging and radiotherapy is limited by concerns about long-term toxicity. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness and safety of surgery plus postoperative 125 I interstitial brachytherapy (IBT) for children and adolescents with AciCC of the parotid gland (PG) treated at a single institution. PROCEDURE: Sixteen patients ≤ 18 years old with AciCC of the PG treated with surgery plus 125 I IBT from 2007 to 2018 were included. Surgery was the primary treatment; ten patients underwent total gross excision and six subtotal gross excision. The matched peripheral dose was 60-120 Gy. Overall survival, disease-free survival (DFS), local control rate, distant metastasis, and radiation-associated toxicities were analyzed, and factors influencing outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: During follow-up (1.8-12.6 years; mean, 6.3 years), lymph node metastasis was observed in one case, 2.6 years after 125 I IBT treatment. The five-year overall and DFS rates were 100% and 91.7%, respectively. On univariate analysis, tumor size ≥ 3 cm (100% vs 50%; P = 0.025) and extraglandular extension (100% vs 50%; P = 0.025) were significant prognostic indicators for DFS. No severe radiation-associated complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Children and adolescents with AciCC of the PG with high-risk features can be managed using surgery plus postoperative 125 I IBT with excellent local control. Radiation-related complications were minor. Patients with facial nerve involvement can have their facial nerves preserved. Residual tumors can be safely managed using adjuvant 125 I IBT.

Clinicopathological features, survival outcomes, and appropriate surgical approaches for stage I acinar and papillary predominant lung adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Whether prognosis differs between lung acinar predominant adenocarcinoma (ACN) and papillary predominant adenocarcinoma (PAP) patients remains controversial. Furthermore, the appropriate surgical plan for each subtype is undetermined. METHODS: Data of stage I ACN or PAP patients from 2004 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed by SEER*Stat 8.3.5. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS) and lung cancer specific survival (LCSS). RESULTS: 1531 patients (PAP, 484; ACN, 1047) were included. ACN patients had better OS (P = .001) and LCSS (P = .003) than PAP patients. Among stage I ACN patients, lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection (Lob) (P = .001) or segmentectomy (Seg) (P = .003) provided a better OS than wedge resection (Wed). And ACN patients who received Lob had a equivalent LCSS, compared to those who received Seg (P = .895). For patients with PAP in stage I, those who received Lob tended to have a better prognosis than that received Seg (HR of OS, 0.605, 95% CI: 0.263-1.393; HR of LCSS, 0.541, 95% CI: 0.194-1.504) or Wed (HR of OS, 0.735, 95% CI: 0.481-1.123; HR of LCSS, 0.688, 95% CI: 0.402-1.180). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with lung adenocarcinoma in stage I, those with ACN have a better OS and LCSS than that with PAP. For patients with stage I ACN, Seg and Lob, rather than Wed, seem to be an equivalent treatment choice; however, Seg is the prior option because it could preserve more lung function than Lob. For patients with PAP, Lob tends to be a better choice than Wed and Seg, although the prognostic difference between them is nonsignificant.

Pancreatic acinar cell carcinomas and mixed acinar-neuroendocrine carcinomas are more clinically aggressive than grade 1 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours.

Acinar cell carcinomas (ACCs) and mixed acinar-neuroendocrine carcinomas (MAcNECs) of the pancreas are extremely rare carcinomas with a significant component with acinar differentiation. To date, the clinicopathological behaviours of these neoplasms remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the histopathological and molecular characteristics of 20 ACCs and 13 MAcNECs and compared them to a cohort of 269 well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PanNETs). Compared to PanNETs, both ACCs and MAcNECs had an advanced pT classification (p<0.001), as well as more prevalent lymphovascular and perineural invasion (p=0.002) and lymph node and distant metastases (p<0.001). Patients with MAcNECs had worse overall (p<0.001) and recurrence-free survival (p<0.001) than those with PanNETs, but no significant difference with those with ACCs. Subgroup analyses revealed that patients with ACCs and MAcNECs had significantly worse recurrence-free survival than those with grade 1 PanNET (p<0.001), and patients with MAcNECs also had worse overall survival than those with grade 1 and 2 PanNETs (p<0.001, and p=0.001). ACCs presented more commonly with intraductal growth (p=0.014) than MAcNECs, while MAcNECs more often had lymph node metastasis (p=0.012) than ACCs. The telomere maintenance mechanism Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) was assessed by telomere-specific FISH, and ALT was detected in 1 of 20 ACCs and in three of the 13 MAcNECs. Patients with MAcNECs and ACCs had worse survival and more aggressive behaviour than those with grade 1 PanNETs; thus, the clinicopathological behaviour of MAcNECs resembles ACCs rather than PanNETs. Combined neuroendocrine and acinar cell immunohistochemical markers are helpful for differentiating these different tumour types.

Clinically resectable acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas: Is there a benefit to adjuvant systemic therapy?

BACKGROUND: Prior studies of adjuvant systemic therapy in pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma have been underpowered. METHODS: We queried the National Cancer Data Base to identify patients presenting with resectable (clinical stage I and II) acinar cell carcinoma between 2004 and 2015. Multivariable Cox Regression was used to evaluate the association between overall survival and systemic therapy. RESULTS: 298 patients met inclusion criteria: 38 received no treatment; 60 received systemic therapy alone; 84 received surgical resection alone; 116 underwent resection followed by adjuvant systemic therapy. On univariate analysis, resection was associated with a survival benefit compared to no treatment and systemic therapy alone (3-year overall survival: 57% vs. 26%, p < 0.001). On Cox analysis, use of adjuvant therapy was associated with a survival benefit compared to resection alone (HR 0.54, 95% CI: 0.33-0.89). CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant therapy is associated with a significant survival benefit in patients with resectable acinar cell carcinoma.

Neuropilin-2 is an independent prognostic factor for shorter cancer-specific survival in patients with acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

Neuropilin-2 (NRP2) is a member of the neuropilin receptor family and known to regulate autophagy and mTORC2 signaling in prostate cancer (PCa). Our study investigated the association of immunohistochemical NRP2 expression with clinicopathological data in PCa patients. For this purpose, we generated a tissue microarray with prostate tissue specimens from 400 PCa patients treated by radical prostatectomy. We focused on patients with high-risk factors such as extraprostatic extension (pT ≥ 3), Gleason score ≥8 and/or the presence of regional lymph node metastases (pN1). Protein levels of NRP2, the vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) and oncogenic v-ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (ERG) gene as an indicator for TMPRSS2-ERG fusion was assessed in relation to the patients' outcome. NRP2 emerged as an independent prognostic factor for cancer-specific survival (CSS) (hazard ratio 2.360, 95% confidence interval = 1.2-4.8; p = 0.016). Moreover, the association between NRP2 expression and shorter CSS was also especially pronounced in patients at high risk for progression (log-rank test: p = 0.010). We evaluated the association between NRP2 and the TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion status assessed by immunohistochemical nuclear ERG staining. However, ERG staining alone did not show any prognostic significance. NRP2 immunostaining is significantly associated with shorter CSS in ERG-negative tumors (log-rank test: p = 0.012). No prognostic impact of NRP2 expression on CSS was observed in ERG-positive tumors (log-rank test: p = 0.153). Our study identifies NRP2 as an important prognostic marker for a worse clinical outcome especially in patients with a high-risk PCa and in patients with ERG-negative PCa.

Prognostic Factors of Acinar Cell Carcinomas: A Study of 44 Patients.

OBJECTIVES: Acinar cell carcinoma is a rare tumor of the pancreas. Our current series aimed to assess the clinical and morphological features of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma and to evaluate the treatment strategies and prognosis. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in 3 French referral centers. Clinical data were obtained from medical records, and data about survival were then calculated and compared using statistical analysis. RESULTS: Forty-four patients were included (men, 81.8%; median age, 65.5 years; range, 21-85). Tumors were localized, locally advanced, or metastatic in 48.8%, 14.0%, and 37.2% of cases, respectively. Twenty-nine patients (65.9%) underwent a curative-intent resection (R0, 79.2%). First-line chemotherapy in metastatic patients was heterogeneous but mainly consisted in 5-fluorouracil-based or gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin combinations. Median disease-free survival was 12 months (range, 0-82 months). Median overall survival was 55.5 months; it was 40 months in patients with metastatic tumor compared with 106.5 months (P = 0.1058) in those with a nonmetastatic one. Age older than 60 years and a proliferation index greater than 30% were poor prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: In this large series of patients with pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma, the rate of R0 resection and the prognosis of patients appeared to be much better than that of classic ductal adenocarcinomas.

Intermediate-grade carcinoma of the parotid and the impact of adjuvant radiation.

PURPOSE: To determine the influence of adjuvant radiotherapy on survival in surgically-managed early stage intermediate-grade mucoepidermoid and acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The National Cancer Database was reviewed between 2004 and 2015 to identify patients with intermediate-grade, early T-stage, node-negative parotid carcinoma who underwent parotidectomy ± radiotherapy. RESULTS: There were 744 patients identified of which 81% had mucoepidermoid carcinoma and 19% had acinic cell carcinoma. Positive surgical margins were identified in 21% and adjuvant radiotherapy was administered in 38% of cases. Of the 159 patients with positive margins, 113 (71%) received adjuvant radiotherapy. Of the 585 patients with negative margins, 173 (30%) underwent adjuvant radiotherapy. In multivariable analysis, age (over 52 years: HR 5.19, 95%CI 2.33-11.57), insurance status (private insurance: HR 0.24 95%CI 0.13-0.43), and extent of parotidectomy (total parotidectomy: HR 2.02 95%CI 1.23-3.31) were significantly associated with overall survival, while adjuvant radiotherapy was not a significant predictive factor (HR 0.81, 95%CI 0.49-1.36). In patients with positive margin resections, however, adjuvant radiation was an independent predictor of improved survival when adjusted for age, insurance status, and extent of parotidectomy (HR 0.34, 95%CI 0.13-0.88). Conversely, in patients with negative margin resections, adjuvant radiation did not influence survival outcomes when adjusted for these covariates (HR 1.02, 95%CI 0.53-1.93). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In patients with early stage intermediate-grade parotid carcinoma, adjuvant radiotherapy significantly and independently improves survival in those with post-operative positive margins. Adjuvant therapy, however, does not appear to improve survival outcomes in those with negative margin resections.

Contemporary Comparison of Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Survival Outcomes of Prostate Ductal Carcinoma and Acinar Adenocarcinoma: A Population-Based Study.

PURPOSE: To investigate clinicopathologic characteristics and cancer-specific mortality (CSM) rates of ductal carcinoma (DC) versus the common acinar adenocarcinoma in nonmetastatic and metastatic (M1) prostate cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2004-2015), we identified patients with histologically confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma who harbored either DC (n = 581) or acinar adenocarcinoma (n = 489,296). Kaplan-Meier and 4:1 propensity score-matched multivariable Cox regression models adjusted for clinical and pathologic parameters were used to test for CSM differences. Three separate analyses were performed on all patients with nonmetastatic disease, patients with nonmetastatic patients treated with radical prostatectomy only, and patients with metastatic disease. RESULTS: DC was identified in 502 (0.10%) of 469,946 patients with nonmetastatic disease and 79 (0.39%) of 19,931 patients with metastatic disease. In patients with nonmetastatic disease, 253 (50.4%) DC patients underwent radical prostatectomy, 61 (12.2%) DC patients received external-beam radiotherapy, and 188 (37.4%) received other treatment modalities. In multivariable analyses, DC was associated with higher CSM in the overall nonmetastatic patient population (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-2.6; P = .001), in the nonmetastatic radical prostatectomy population (HR = 2.8; 95% CI, 1.3-6.0; P < .01), and in the M1 population (HR = 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.2; P < .01). CONCLUSION: Prostate cancers of ductal origin represent a rare entity among patients with nonmetastatic disease as well as among patients with metastatic disease, and regardless of stage, DC behaves more aggressively.

Primary Pulmonary Acinic Cell Carcinoma: A Clinicopathological Study of 6 Cases and Literature Review.

Primary pulmonary acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) is rare. The clinicopathological features are not identical to that of classic ACC that leads to misdiagnosis. In this article, we summarized the clinicopathological features of 25 such cases, including 6 cases in this series and additional 19 cases in the literature. Pulmonary ACCs showed an overwhelming solid growth pattern. The neoplastic cells had eosinophilic granular and clear cytoplasm in most cases and displayed basophilic cytoplasm in only 4 cases. Intratumoral fibrous septa, mitotic figure, necrosis, and psammoma bodies were observed in some cases. Prominent nuclear atypia and perineural invasion might suggest high-grade transformation, metastasis, and recurrence. The tumor cells were strongly positive for CK8/18 and negative for TTF-1, p63, S-100, mammaglobin, MUC5b, MUC5ac, and DOG1. CK7 was exclusively positive for neoplastic cells with ductal differentiation. Of the 25 included cases, 10 cases were initially misdiagnosed. The tumor was prone to involve the right bronchus. The patient outcome was favorable. The accurate diagnosis of primary pulmonary ACC relies on comprehensive evaluation of histological and immunohistochemical features and realization of the difference from classic ACC.

Salivary malignancies- medical, demographic and diagnostic analysis.

We examined systemic medical and demographic characteristics of patients diagnosed with salivary malignant tumors in order to better understand the pathogenesis of the disease. Of 101 patients who received definitive treatment for malignant salivary gland tumors in our medical center, 22 died with disease (DwD) and were compared with the remaining 79 patients (Other). Mean ages were 66.7 years (median 68.0) in DwD group and 58.7 years (median 59.0) in the Others. The difference is significant (p = 0.037). Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the diagnosis in 27.3% of DwDs and 27.8% of the others, Adenoidcystic carcinoma in 36.4% vs 21.5%, SCC and Acinic cell carcinoma were diagnosed in 18.3% vs 7.6% and 4.6% vs 7.6%, respectively. Alcohol consumption, concomitant malignancies, and chronic illnesses other than hypertension, were similar in the two groups, but hypertension (63.6%) in the DwD group was significantly higher than in the Other group (26.6%), (p = 0.0010). Smoking was also significantly different between the two groups: 50% of the DwD vs. 27.9% of the Others group smoked cigarettes. Similar distribution of the various malignant tumors in both groups emphasizes the relative importance of systemic factors such as smoking, aging and hypertension, in the salivary carcinogenesis process.

Natural History and Treatment Trends in Pancreatic Cancer Subtypes.

BACKGROUND: While pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common form of pancreatic cancer, many other histologic forms of pancreatic cancer are also recognized. These histologic variants portray unique characteristics in terms of patient demographics, tumor behavior, survival, and responsiveness to treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent surgical resection of the pancreas for non-metastatic, invasive pancreatic cancer between 2004 and 2014 were selected from the National Cancer Data Base and categorized by histologic variant according to WHO classification guidelines. Patient demographics, tumor variables, treatment characteristics, and survival were compared between histologic groups and subgroups. RESULTS: A total of 57,804 patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria and were grouped into eight major histologic categories. Survival analysis by the histologic group showed median overall survival of 20.2 months for ductal adenocarcinoma, 20.5 months for squamous cell carcinoma, 26.8 months for mixed acinar-neuroendocrine carcinomas, 52.6 months for cystic mucinous neoplasms with an associated invasive carcinoma, 67.5 months for acinar cell carcinoma, and 69.3 months for mesenchymal tumors. Median survival was not reached for neuroendocrine tumors and solid-pseudopapillary neoplasms, with 5-year overall survival rates of 84% and 97% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Rare subtypes of pancreatic cancer present unique clinicopathologic characteristics and display distinct tumor biologies. This study presents data on demographic, prognostic, treatment, and survival outcomes between rare forms of pancreatic neoplasms in order to aid understanding of the natural history and behavior of these neoplasms, with the hope of serving as a reference in clinical decision-making and ability to provide accurate prognostic information to patients.

The number and ratio of positive lymph nodes are independent prognostic factors for patients with major salivary gland cancer: Results from the surveillance, epidemiology, and End Results dataset.

INTRODUCTION: To investigate whether the positive lymph node number (PLNN) and positive lymph node ratio (PLNR) could predict the prognosis of patients with major salivary gland cancer (MSGC) and to identify the optimal cutoff points for these variables that stratify patients according to their risk of survival. METHODS: We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to identify all patients with MSGC between 1988 and 2014. A logistic regression analysis was carried out to evaluate the risk factors for lymph node metastasis (LNM) in MSGC. The X-tile program was used to identify the cutoff values for the PLNN and PLNR in MSGC patients with LNM. Cox proportional hazards regression models were performed to identify the predictors of cancer-specific survival (CSS). RESULTS: In the SEER database, 8668 eligible patients were identified and 3046 of them had LNM. The logistic regression analysis indicated that older age, male sex, larger tumor size, higher grade, tumor extension and high-risk pathology were associated with LNM. The X-tile program showed that a PLNN>4 and a PLNR>0.15 were prognostic indicators of CSS. A multivariable analysis indicated that, after the factors that might potentially affect the prognosis were adjusted for, the PLNN and PLNR were still associated with CSS. CONCLUSIONS: Our Results demonstrated that the PLNN and PLNR were independent prognostic indicators for MSGC patients with lymph node metastasis.

Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma: A review on molecular profiling of patient tumors.

Pancreatic carcinomas with acinar differentiation are rare, accounting for 1%-2% of adult pancreatic tumors; they include pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (PACC), pancreatoblastoma, and carcinomas of mixed differentiation. Patients with PACC have a prognosis better than pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas but worse than pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Reports of overall survival range from 18 to 47 mo. A literature review on PACCs included comprehensive genomic profiling and whole exome sequencing on a series of more than 70 patients as well as other diagnostic studies including immunohistochemistry. Surgical resection of PACC is the preferred treatment for localized and resectable tumors. The efficacy of adjuvant treatment is unclear. Metastatic PACCs are generally not curable and treated with systemic chemotherapy. They are moderately responsive to chemotherapy with different regimens showing various degrees of response in case reports/series. Most of these regimens were developed to treat patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas or colorectal adenocarcinomas. Review of PACC's molecular profiling showed a number of gene alterations such as: SMAD4, BRAF, BRCA2, TP53, RB1, MEN1, JAK-1, BRCA-1, BRCA-2, and DNA mismatch repair abnormalities. PACCs had multiple somatic mutations with some targetable with available drugs. Therefore, molecular profiling of PACC should be an option for patients with refractory PACC.

Salivary gland epithelial neoplasms in pediatric population: a single-institute experience with a focus on the histologic spectrum and clinical outcome.

Salivary gland epithelial neoplasms are rare in children and adolescents, with only a handful of large series having been published. A retrospective study was conducted for 57 cases in patients 20 years or younger. The tumors were located in the parotid (n=36), submandibular gland (n=7), and minor salivary glands (n=14). Nineteen (33%) tumors were pleomorphic adenoma, whereas the remaining (67%) were malignant. The histologic types of carcinomas were mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC, n=19, 33%), acinic cell carcinoma (n=7, 12%), adenoid cystic carcinoma (n=6, 11%), secretory carcinoma (mammary analogue) (SC, n=4, 7%), and myoepithelial carcinoma (n=2, 4%). Ninety-three percent (13/14) of the minor and 58% (25/43) of the major salivary gland tumors were malignant. A 7-year-old girl (2%) with a high-grade MEC died from her disease because of uncontrollable locoregional recurrence. Seven patients (16%) developed recurrence including 2 distant metastases from adenoid cystic carcinoma and 6 locoregional recurrences (2 pleomorphic adenomas, 1 SC, 1 myoepithelial carcinoma, 1 adenoid cystic carcinoma, and 1 MEC). The following parameters were associated with decreased disease-free survival in malignant tumors: elevated mitotic index of >4/10 high-power fields (log-rank test, P<.001), and advanced American Joint Committee on Cancer pT (P=.029) and pN stage (P<.001). In conclusion, myoepithelial carcinoma and SC can occur in the pediatric population and should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Salivary gland malignancies in children appear to have better clinical outcome, associated with a 10-year recurrence-free survival rate of 74% and a 10-year disease-specific survival of 94%.