ABSTRACT
Infections of the orbit and periorbital tissues are not uncommon. Trauma, skin infections, and sinusitis are frequently the underlying cause. Studies have shown changes in epidemiology and pathogens in the last decade. Although classical manifestations are usually present, atypical cases without specific signs and symptoms may confound the diagnosis. A high index of suspicion, aided by ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, is frequently required for an accurate diagnosis. Prompt diagnosis and treatment may lead to resolution of the infection, thus avoiding ocular sequelae. Orbital infections may spread into the globe, causing endophthalmitis. Some patients may even need an enucleation or evisceration. New materials and techniques may improve the final result of an anophthalmic socket.
Subject(s)
Eye Infections , Orbital Diseases/microbiology , Abscess/diagnosis , Abscess/microbiology , Abscess/therapy , Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis/diagnosis , Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis/microbiology , Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis/therapy , Cellulitis/diagnosis , Cellulitis/microbiology , Cellulitis/therapy , Endophthalmitis/diagnosis , Endophthalmitis/microbiology , Endophthalmitis/therapy , Eye Infections/diagnosis , Eye Infections/microbiology , Eye Infections/therapy , Humans , Orbital Diseases/diagnosis , Orbital Diseases/therapyABSTRACT
Invasive zygomycosis is a devastating fungal infection occurring as an opportunistic infection after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Sinusitis can lead to fungal infection in immunosuppressed patients, and cavernous sinus thrombosis, an uncommon condition in immunocompetent patients, typically follows an infection involving the medial third of the face, nose, or paranasal sinuses. Patients undergoing unrelated-donor BMT (UD-BMT) are prone to develop life-threatening infections because of poor recovery of cellular immunity. Despite adequate clinical evaluation and treatment, the prognosis of patients with invasive fungal infections is dismal, especially when intracerebral structures are affected. We describe a case of a patient who underwent an UD-BMT and developed cavernous sinus thrombosis after sinusitis due to zygomycosis. Moreover, he also had disseminated fungal (Zygomycetes and Aspergillus) and viral (cytomegalovirus and adenovirus) infections.