Cutaneous myxoma in broiler chicken detected during slaughtering

Background: A cutaneous or superficial myxoma is a benign neoplasm of dermal or subcutaneous fibroblast origin. Although rare, it has been previously described in several species, including poultry. It presents as a single node or soft mass with a gelatinous cut surface. Histopathological analysis is essential for diagnosis and to differentiate it from other mesenchymal neoplasms and inflammatory or degenerative processes. Microscopically, it consists of dermal or subcutaneous lobules of plump, stellate, or spindle-shaped, bland-looking cells embedded in a basophilic myxoid matrix. This report describes the pathological findings in a rare case of cutaneous myxoma in a 42-day-old broiler flock. Cases: During ante mortem inspection of a 42-day-old broiler flock at a slaughterhouse under the authority of the Federal Inspection Service (southern Brazil), nodular lesions or encrusted areas with yellow and black areas were observed in the head skin of less than 1% of animals. These lesions, approximately 0.5 cm in diameter, were observed on the comb, in the periocular skin region, and close to the animals' nostrils. During the breeding period, no health or epidemiological events were observed. Fragments of the lesions in the comb and periocular skin were collected and fixed in buffered 10% formalin. The samples were sent to the laboratory, routinely processed, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Alcian blue. Microscopically, the lesions consisted of irregular multifocal proliferation of connective tissue showing spindle cells with poorly demarcated borders and scarce cytoplasm in a slightly basophilic myxoid aspect matrix. The adjacent epidermis is compressed due to neoplastic proliferation. No areas of epithelial hyperplasia or inclusion bodies were observed. According to the pathologic description and considering its descriptive epidemiology, our main clinical suspicion was cutaneous fowl pox, a pathology characterized by the appearance of nodules in regions devoid of feathers. However, the microscopic changes observed were compatible with those described for cutaneous myxomas. In addition, the extracellular matrix was positive for Alcian Blue staining, which is an indicator of myxoma. In the present case, the SIF did not report the same macroscopic lesions in other flocks of the same origin. Discussion: Connective tissue tumors, including myxomas, occur considerably less frequently under field conditions. In addition, these neoplasms are more frequent in mature birds and are not usually described in broilers, as observed in this report. The cutaneous myxoma described in broilers is usually a sporadic neoplasm that does not cause zootechnical losses, as observed in the case report. Its etiology is unknown and has been associated with various factors, such as local trauma and foreign bodies. Some fragments of plant material from the breeding environment were microscopically detected in the encrusted areas, which may indicate previous trauma or a foreign body. Myxoma has been associated with avian leukosis virus (ALV) subgroup A, but SIF did not report the same macroscopic lesions in other flocks of the same breeder hen's origin in the present case. Furthermore, sporadic connective tissue tumors associated with the virus occur in mature chickens but not in broilers. Myxoma lesions should be considered in the differential diagnosis of other connective tissue tumors and infectious agents that cause lesions in the skin and subcutaneous tissue.

Pathological, molecular and phylogenic study of fowlpox virus in domesticated chickens of Tikrit City, Iraq / Estudo patológico, molecular e filogenético do vírus da varíola aviária em frangos de corte domesticados da cidade de Tikrit, Iraque

Fowlpox virus (FPV) is one of the viruses affecting chickens worldwide, causing pathological and economic losses in the poultry industry. Viral lesions are easily recognizable by the eye and usually appear in the featherless areas, especially the head. Moreover, the virus could lead to blindness and mortality in some cases. This study diagnosed the suspected fowlpox cases, identified and classified the causative agent. We also analyzed the differences and similarities of closely related viruses at the neighboring and regional countries. Fifty samples were collected from three locations of Tikrit city from the domesticated chickens, which showed cutaneous lesions. Virus DNA was extracted directly from tissue samples before the nested PCR technique was performed. The virion core protein (P4b) gene is partially sequenced and analyzed with routine histological sectioning. Results showed that the virus causes pock lesions of dermal hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis. Hyperplasia and congestion of the chorioallantoic membrane were also recorded. The study also showed that the DNA of FPV could be extracted directly from animal tissue without further purification. The sequence analysis showed that the FPV was confirmed in all samples clustered in clade A identical with Iranian and Egyptian isolates. In conclusion, this study approved that the virus belongs to the classical dermal type of poxviruses and the short genetic distances between viruses related to closely neighboring countries. We also concluded that the conservative P4b gene included mutation sites that make this gene practical for diagnosing the virus and phylogenetic analysis.(AU)

O vírus da varíola aviária (VVA) é um dos vírus que acometem os frangos de corte em todo o mundo, causando perdas patológicas e econômicas na indústria aviária. As lesões causadas pelo vírus são facilmente reconhecidas pela observação visual e usualmente aparecem nas áreas do corpo das aves livres de penas, especialmente na cabeça. Além disso, em alguns casos a doença pode provocar a cegueira e a mortalidade de animais acometidos. O presente trabalho foi delineado para diagnosticar casos suspeitos de varíola aviária, identificar o agente causal e classificá-lo. Adicionalmente foram analisadas diferenças e similaridades com outros vírus estreitamente relacionados em localidades vizinhas e regionais. Cinquenta amostras foram colhidas em três localidades da cidade de Tikrit de frangos de corte, domesticados, que apresentavam lesões cutâneas. O DNA do vírus foi extraído diretamente das amostras de tecidos antes que a técnica de PCR fosse realizada. As proteínas do core do vírus, gene (P4b), foram parcialmente sequenciadas de analisadas em secções da rotina histológica. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que o vírus causa lesões variólicas com hiperplasia dermal e hiperqueratose. A hiperplasia e a congestão da membrana corioalantóica também foram registradas. O estudo também revelou que o DNA do VVA pode ser extraído diretamente de tecidos animais sem a realização de uma pré-purificação. A análise sequencial revelou que o VVA foi confirmado em todas as amostras agrupando-se em uma classe A, idêntica com isolados iranianos e egípcios. A conclusão obtida foi que o presente trabalho confirmou que o vírus pertence ao tipo dérmico clássico dos poxvirus e que as curtas distâncias genéticas entre os vírus relacionados são encontrados em países vizinhos. Também foi concluído que o gene conservador P4b inclui pontos de mutação que o tornam um gene prático para diagnosticar o vírus em análises filogenéticas.(AU)

Pathological, molecular and phylogenic study of fowlpox virus in domesticated chickens of Tikrit City, Iraq / Estudo patológico, molecular e filogenético do vírus da varíola aviária em frangos de corte domesticados da cidade de Tikrit, Iraque

Fowlpox virus (FPV) is one of the viruses affecting chickens worldwide, causing pathological and economic losses in the poultry industry. Viral lesions are easily recognizable by the eye and usually appear in the featherless areas, especially the head. Moreover, the virus could lead to blindness and mortality in some cases. This study diagnosed the suspected fowlpox cases, identified and classified the causative agent. We also analyzed the differences and similarities of closely related viruses at the neighboring and regional countries. Fifty samples were collected from three locations of Tikrit city from the domesticated chickens, which showed cutaneous lesions. Virus DNA was extracted directly from tissue samples before the nested PCR technique was performed. The virion core protein (P4b) gene is partially sequenced and analyzed with routine histological sectioning. Results showed that the virus causes pock lesions of dermal hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis. Hyperplasia and congestion of the chorioallantoic membrane were also recorded. The study also showed that the DNA of FPV could be extracted directly from animal tissue without further purification. The sequence analysis showed that the FPV was confirmed in all samples clustered in clade A identical with Iranian and Egyptian isolates. In conclusion, this study approved that the virus belongs to the classical dermal type of poxviruses and the short genetic distances between viruses related to closely neighboring countries. We also concluded that the conservative P4b gene included mutation sites that make this gene practical for diagnosing the virus and phylogenetic analysis.(AU)

O vírus da varíola aviária (VVA) é um dos vírus que acometem os frangos de corte em todo o mundo, causando perdas patológicas e econômicas na indústria aviária. As lesões causadas pelo vírus são facilmente reconhecidas pela observação visual e usualmente aparecem nas áreas do corpo das aves livres de penas, especialmente na cabeça. Além disso, em alguns casos a doença pode provocar a cegueira e a mortalidade de animais acometidos. O presente trabalho foi delineado para diagnosticar casos suspeitos de varíola aviária, identificar o agente causal e classificá-lo. Adicionalmente foram analisadas diferenças e similaridades com outros vírus estreitamente relacionados em localidades vizinhas e regionais. Cinquenta amostras foram colhidas em três localidades da cidade de Tikrit de frangos de corte, domesticados, que apresentavam lesões cutâneas. O DNA do vírus foi extraído diretamente das amostras de tecidos antes que a técnica de PCR fosse realizada. As proteínas do core do vírus, gene (P4b), foram parcialmente sequenciadas de analisadas em secções da rotina histológica. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que o vírus causa lesões variólicas com hiperplasia dermal e hiperqueratose. A hiperplasia e a congestão da membrana corioalantóica também foram registradas. O estudo também revelou que o DNA do VVA pode ser extraído diretamente de tecidos animais sem a realização de uma pré-purificação. A análise sequencial revelou que o VVA foi confirmado em todas as amostras agrupando-se em uma classe A, idêntica com isolados iranianos e egípcios. A conclusão obtida foi que o presente trabalho confirmou que o vírus pertence ao tipo dérmico clássico dos poxvirus e que as curtas distâncias genéticas entre os vírus relacionados são encontrados em países vizinhos. Também foi concluído que o gene conservador P4b inclui pontos de mutação que o tornam um gene prático para diagnosticar o vírus em análises filogenéticas.(AU)

Intenção de compra e aceitação do consumidor da aparência visual de filetes de peito de frango acometidos com diferentes graus de wooden breast / Purchase intent and consumer acceptance of visual appearance of broiler breast fillets with varying degrees of wooden breast

O presente estudo analisou a intenção de compra e aceitação do consumidor de filés de peito de frango acometidos com diferentes graus da miopatia wooden breast (WB). Amostras de frango foram selecionadas, classificadas segundo o grau de amadeirado e embaladas. 55 julgadores realizaram teste de intenção de compra, avaliando, por análise sensorial, 4 embalagens com diferentes graus de miopatia WB e utilizando formulário de escala hedônica. Pôde ser observado que o gênero e a faixa etária dos consumidores não influenciam a frequência do consumo de carne de frango. Foi concluído que a faixa etária pode influenciar na intenção de compra de peitos de frango com WB. Os filés classificados nos graus 0 e 1 foram bem aceitos, enquanto os graus 2 e 3 de amadeirado sofreram redução na intenção de compra pelos consumidores.

Principais causas de condenação no abate de frangos de corte em um abatedouro localizado na região sul de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil / Major reasons for condemnation in broiler slaughter in a slaughterhouse located in the south region of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Objetivou-se identificar as principais causas de condenação de aves em um abatedouro frigorífico localizado no sul do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Os dados foram coletados a partir dos registros do Serviço de Inspeção Federal, com a quantificação das lesões encontradas e o destinado dado às carcaças, divididas em condenação parcial e total. Das aves abatidas entre janeiro de 2011 a dezembro de 2016, 9,08% apresentaram alguma lesão que levou à condenação post-mortem, sendo 8,05% condenações parciais e 1,03% condenações totais. Dentre o total de condenações a que prevaleceu foi a parcial (88,69%) e 11,31%, condenação total. As causas mais frequentes para a condenação parcial foram contusão/fratura (39,14%), aerossaculite (13,34%) e dermatose (11,92%). Já as causas de condenação total mais frequentes foram colibacilose (28,31%), aspecto repugnante (24,79%) e síndrome ascítica (11,39%).

Principais causas de condenação no abate de frangos de corte em um abatedouro localizado na região sul de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil / Major reasons for condemnation in broiler slaughter in a slaughterhouse located in the south region of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Objetivou-se identificar as principais causas de condenação de aves em um abatedouro frigorífico localizado no sul do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Os dados foram coletados a partir dos registros do Serviço de Inspeção Federal, com a quantificação das lesões encontradas e o destinado dado às carcaças, divididas em condenação parcial e total. Das aves abatidas entre janeiro de 2011 a dezembro de 2016, 9,08% apresentaram alguma lesão que levou à condenação post-mortem, sendo 8,05% condenações parciais e 1,03% condenações totais. Dentre o total de condenações a que prevaleceu foi a parcial (88,69%) e 11,31%, condenação total. As causas mais frequentes para a condenação parcial foram contusão/fratura (39,14%), aerossaculite (13,34%) e dermatose (11,92%). Já as causas de condenação total mais frequentes foram colibacilose (28,31%), aspecto repugnante (24,79%) e síndrome ascítica (11,39%).(AU)

Intenção de compra e aceitação do consumidor da aparência visual de filetes de peito de frango acometidos com diferentes graus de wooden breast / Purchase intent and consumer acceptance of visual appearance of broiler breast fillets with varying degrees of wooden breast

O presente estudo analisou a intenção de compra e aceitação do consumidor de filés de peito de frango acometidos com diferentes graus da miopatia wooden breast (WB). Amostras de frango foram selecionadas, classificadas segundo o grau de amadeirado e embaladas. 55 julgadores realizaram teste de intenção de compra, avaliando, por análise sensorial, 4 embalagens com diferentes graus de miopatia WB e utilizando formulário de escala hedônica. Pôde ser observado que o gênero e a faixa etária dos consumidores não influenciam a frequência do consumo de carne de frango. Foi concluído que a faixa etária pode influenciar na intenção de compra de peitos de frango com WB. Os filés classificados nos graus 0 e 1 foram bem aceitos, enquanto os graus 2 e 3 de amadeirado sofreram redução na intenção de compra pelos consumidores.(AU)

Multi-Attribute Evaluation and Selection of Broiler House for the Low Prevalence of Footpad Lesion

Intensive broiler production requires large flock density, which compromises litter quality and increases the prevalence of footpad lesions. The present study aimed at comparing the incidence of footpad dermatitis of broilers reared in two different rearing environments. Data from two broiler houses were recorded during 42 d. Air temperature and relative humidity; litter moisture, pH, and temperature; footpad surface temperature; and the incidence of footpad lesions was investigated. Litter quality was analyzed in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement, with two house types (dark house or open-sided house) and four rearing phases (21, 28, 35, and 42 d of growth), with four replicates per treatment using 12 replicates. Four replicates were used for analyzing the air environment data. For the footpad lesion identification, a randomly factorial scheme of recording the surface temperature was built (2 x 2) using two houses, and the broiler sex using 15 replicates in the grow-out stages. The measures of association (odds ratio and risk ratio) were calculated. The multi-criteria analysis (Analytic Hierarchy Process - AHP) was applied for estimating the house that provided less prevalence of lesions. The field data did not provide enough evidence for selection of a particular house with less incidence of footpad dermatitis. However, when applying the measures of association data, and corresponding literature data to the AHP, there was an indication that the dark-house provided broiler rearing condition that reduced the incidence of footpad lesions.(AU)

Multi-Attribute Evaluation and Selection of Broiler House for the Low Prevalence of Footpad Lesion

Intensive broiler production requires large flock density, which compromises litter quality and increases the prevalence of footpad lesions. The present study aimed at comparing the incidence of footpad dermatitis of broilers reared in two different rearing environments. Data from two broiler houses were recorded during 42 d. Air temperature and relative humidity; litter moisture, pH, and temperature; footpad surface temperature; and the incidence of footpad lesions was investigated. Litter quality was analyzed in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement, with two house types (dark house or open-sided house) and four rearing phases (21, 28, 35, and 42 d of growth), with four replicates per treatment using 12 replicates. Four replicates were used for analyzing the air environment data. For the footpad lesion identification, a randomly factorial scheme of recording the surface temperature was built (2 x 2) using two houses, and the broiler sex using 15 replicates in the grow-out stages. The measures of association (odds ratio and risk ratio) were calculated. The multi-criteria analysis (Analytic Hierarchy Process - AHP) was applied for estimating the house that provided less prevalence of lesions. The field data did not provide enough evidence for selection of a particular house with less incidence of footpad dermatitis. However, when applying the measures of association data, and corresponding literature data to the AHP, there was an indication that the dark-house provided broiler rearing condition that reduced the incidence of footpad lesions.

In vivo detoxification of ochratoxin A by highly porous magnetic nanocomposites prepared from coconut shell

The current study was conducted to elucidate the clinical effect of ochratoxin A in Gallus gallus domesticus and to ameliorate its toxic effects by the development and characterization of highly porous carbon-based adsorbent derived from coconut shell. A series of experiments were performed on one day-old chicks (Group A to F). Clinical signs of the positive control (group B fed on 400 ppb ochratoxin A contaminated feed) included depression, diarrhea, increased water intake, low body weight, high degree of genotoxicity, swollen and hemorrhagic kidneys and liver. Serum alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine and urea concentration significantly increased while albumin, globulin and total proteins were found significantly low. All these lead to increased mortality. Among adsorbents treated groups, chickens in group C (0.3% of the prepared adsorbent mixed in OTA contaminated feed) and D (0.6% of the prepared adsorbent mixed in Ochratoxin A (OTA) contaminated feed) showed very low pathological effects while group E (0.9% of the prepared adsorbent mixed in OTA contaminated feed) and F (1.2% of the prepared adsorbent mixed in OTA contaminated feed) showed normal behavior, blood biochemistry and well maintained histological structure like that in group A. As a whole, the adsorbents treated groups fed with ochratoxin A contaminated feed, supplemented with different levels of the prepared adsorbent helped to ameliorate the toxic effects of OTA and nearly showed normal clinical signs.(AU)

In vivo detoxification of ochratoxin A by highly porous magnetic nanocomposites prepared from coconut shell

The current study was conducted to elucidate the clinical effect of ochratoxin A in Gallus gallus domesticus and to ameliorate its toxic effects by the development and characterization of highly porous carbon-based adsorbent derived from coconut shell. A series of experiments were performed on one day-old chicks (Group A to F). Clinical signs of the positive control (group B fed on 400 ppb ochratoxin A contaminated feed) included depression, diarrhea, increased water intake, low body weight, high degree of genotoxicity, swollen and hemorrhagic kidneys and liver. Serum alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine and urea concentration significantly increased while albumin, globulin and total proteins were found significantly low. All these lead to increased mortality. Among adsorbents treated groups, chickens in group C (0.3% of the prepared adsorbent mixed in OTA contaminated feed) and D (0.6% of the prepared adsorbent mixed in Ochratoxin A (OTA) contaminated feed) showed very low pathological effects while group E (0.9% of the prepared adsorbent mixed in OTA contaminated feed) and F (1.2% of the prepared adsorbent mixed in OTA contaminated feed) showed normal behavior, blood biochemistry and well maintained histological structure like that in group A. As a whole, the adsorbents treated groups fed with ochratoxin A contaminated feed, supplemented with different levels of the prepared adsorbent helped to ameliorate the toxic effects of OTA and nearly showed normal clinical signs.

Sarna knemidocóptica em galinhas (Gallus gallus domesticus)

A sarna knemidocóptica ocasionada pelo ácaro Knemidokoptes sp. pode ser considerada uma enfermidade de caráter relevante na rotina clínica aviária. Este trabalho teve como objetivo relatar a ocorrência da sarna knemidocóptica em aves da espécie Gallus gallus domesticus de uma propriedade rural do município de Rolim de Moura, estado de Rondônia.

Sarna knemidocóptica em galinhas (Gallus gallus domesticus)

A sarna knemidocóptica ocasionada pelo ácaro Knemidokoptes sp. pode ser considerada uma enfermidade de caráter relevante na rotina clínica aviária. Este trabalho teve como objetivo relatar a ocorrência da sarna knemidocóptica em aves da espécie Gallus gallus domesticus de uma propriedade rural do município de Rolim de Moura, estado de Rondônia.(AU)

Photogrammetry: a non-invasive and objective method for detecting locomotion problems in broiler chickens

Locomotion problems in broiler chickens can cause economic losses of up to 40% of the total revenues due to carcass condemnation and downgrading at processing. Leg disorders, such as femoral lesions, tibial dyschondroplasia, and spondylolisthesis, substantially impact the welfare of chickens as these disorders can prevent birds from reaching the feeders and drinkers, thus reducing feed and water intake. The most important issues related to broiler welfare reported in the last two decades are their growing sensitivity to metabolic and locomotion problems due to the fast growth rates and inactivity. Traditional methods for the determination of gait score include the manual scoring of animal behavior in the broiler house. Recorded video images can also be used for manual scoring of chicken gait score. However, scoring of some animal-based information by human experts and manual methods remain difficult, time consuming and expensive when implemented at farm level. In an effort to objectively detect leg disorders, this study aimed at validating the photogrammetry technique as a non-invasive method for identifying locomotion problems in broilers. Photogrammetry allows determining the geometric properties of broilers from digital photos that are processed and analyzed using a computer software. Results obtained using photogrammetry were tested for their correlation with those obtained by accepted methodologies, including gait score and macroscopic examination of femoral degeneration and tibial dyschondroplasia. The photogrammetry results agreed with the results of the afore mentioned accepted methods.(AU)

Photogrammetry: a non-invasive and objective method for detecting locomotion problems in broiler chickens

Locomotion problems in broiler chickens can cause economic losses of up to 40% of the total revenues due to carcass condemnation and downgrading at processing. Leg disorders, such as femoral lesions, tibial dyschondroplasia, and spondylolisthesis, substantially impact the welfare of chickens as these disorders can prevent birds from reaching the feeders and drinkers, thus reducing feed and water intake. The most important issues related to broiler welfare reported in the last two decades are their growing sensitivity to metabolic and locomotion problems due to the fast growth rates and inactivity. Traditional methods for the determination of gait score include the manual scoring of animal behavior in the broiler house. Recorded video images can also be used for manual scoring of chicken gait score. However, scoring of some animal-based information by human experts and manual methods remain difficult, time consuming and expensive when implemented at farm level. In an effort to objectively detect leg disorders, this study aimed at validating the photogrammetry technique as a non-invasive method for identifying locomotion problems in broilers. Photogrammetry allows determining the geometric properties of broilers from digital photos that are processed and analyzed using a computer software. Results obtained using photogrammetry were tested for their correlation with those obtained by accepted methodologies, including gait score and macroscopic examination of femoral degeneration and tibial dyschondroplasia. The photogrammetry results agreed with the results of the afore mentioned accepted methods.

Risk of incidence of hock burn and pododermatitis in broilers reared under commercial conditions

The most common lesions observed in commercial broiler farms are hock burns and pododermatitis, defined as necrotic lesions on the plantar surface of the footpads and in the hock of growing broilers, causing pain and compromising broiler welfare. The present study aimed at identifying the risks of hock burns and pododermatitis in broilers reared under commercial conditions on new or reused litter. Twenty-four 40-d-old broilers reared in two houses in a commercial broiler farm. The plantar surface of the footpads and the hocks of broiler were recorded using infrared thermal images. The incidence of hock burns in broilers reared on new litter was 0.72 times lower than those on reused litter. Broilers reared on new litter presented lower risk (0.75, RR < 1) of presenting pododermatitis when compared to those reared on reused litter. When simulating the risk using a larger sample, the simulated risk of broilers presenting footpad and hock lesions when reared on new litter was 38% higher those reared on reused litter.(AU)

Risk of incidence of hock burn and pododermatitis in broilers reared under commercial conditions

The most common lesions observed in commercial broiler farms are hock burns and pododermatitis, defined as necrotic lesions on the plantar surface of the footpads and in the hock of growing broilers, causing pain and compromising broiler welfare. The present study aimed at identifying the risks of hock burns and pododermatitis in broilers reared under commercial conditions on new or reused litter. Twenty-four 40-d-old broilers reared in two houses in a commercial broiler farm. The plantar surface of the footpads and the hocks of broiler were recorded using infrared thermal images. The incidence of hock burns in broilers reared on new litter was 0.72 times lower than those on reused litter. Broilers reared on new litter presented lower risk (0.75, RR < 1) of presenting pododermatitis when compared to those reared on reused litter. When simulating the risk using a larger sample, the simulated risk of broilers presenting footpad and hock lesions when reared on new litter was 38% higher those reared on reused litter.

The Effect of Jatropha Curcas Seed Meal on Growth Performance and Internal Organs Development and Lesions in Broiler Chickens

The meal of Jatropha curcas (JCM) seed is a by-product of the biofuel industry and may potentially to be used as animal feed. However, its toxicity has prevented its utilization in animal nutrition mainly due to its high concentration of phorbol esters. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the dietary inclusion of JCM on the growth performance, feed digestibility and internal organs development of broilers. Thirty two 48-d-old Ross 308 broiler chickens housed in 16 pens (2 birds/pen) were used in this study. Birds were randomly allocated to dietary treatments comprising four JCM levels (negative control, 25, 50, or 100 g JCM/kg of diet) for four weeks. Results showed that increasing levels of JCM had a negative impact on broiler performance, reducing live weight, weight gain, and feed intake. Treatments led to a decrease of the relative weight of testis and spleen, and to an increase in heart relative weight. In broilers fed diets containing JCM, the testis were atrophic, presenting reduced size of the seminiferous tubule, which were small and lined within active sertoli cells and rare spermatogonia. This study illustrates the negative impact of diets containing JCM on broiler performance and JCM pathological effects on several organs.(AU)

The Effect of Jatropha Curcas Seed Meal on Growth Performance and Internal Organs Development and Lesions in Broiler Chickens

The meal of Jatropha curcas (JCM) seed is a by-product of the biofuel industry and may potentially to be used as animal feed. However, its toxicity has prevented its utilization in animal nutrition mainly due to its high concentration of phorbol esters. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the dietary inclusion of JCM on the growth performance, feed digestibility and internal organs development of broilers. Thirty two 48-d-old Ross 308 broiler chickens housed in 16 pens (2 birds/pen) were used in this study. Birds were randomly allocated to dietary treatments comprising four JCM levels (negative control, 25, 50, or 100 g JCM/kg of diet) for four weeks. Results showed that increasing levels of JCM had a negative impact on broiler performance, reducing live weight, weight gain, and feed intake. Treatments led to a decrease of the relative weight of testis and spleen, and to an increase in heart relative weight. In broilers fed diets containing JCM, the testis were atrophic, presenting reduced size of the seminiferous tubule, which were small and lined within active sertoli cells and rare spermatogonia. This study illustrates the negative impact of diets containing JCM on broiler performance and JCM pathological effects on several organs.

Acurácia na inferência de diagnósticos de enfermagem de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca / La precisión en inferencia de diagnóstico de enfermería en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca / Accuracy in inference of nursing diagnoses in heart failure patients

RESUMOInsuficiência cardíaca (IC) é causa frequente de internação exigindo do enfermeiro precisão na conduta clínica e adequado julgamento dos diagnósticos de enfermagem.Objetivo:verificar acurácia na determinação dos diagnósticos de enfermagem fadiga, intolerância à atividade e débito cardíaco diminuído em paciente com IC hospitalizados.Método:estudo descritivo aplicado aos enfermeiros experientes em diagnósticos de enfermagem NANDA-I e/ou IC. Avaliação da acurácia foi realizada a partir do cálculo das medidas: eficácia (E), falso negativo (FN), falso positivo (FP) e tendência (T). Foram aptos os enfermeiros com inspeção aceitável para dois diagnósticos.Resultados:o diagnóstico de enfermagem fadiga foi o mais erroneamente identificado pelos enfermeiros avaliadores.Discussão:a busca pelo aperfeiçoamento da acurácia diagnóstica reafirma a necessidade de treinamento contínuo e específico para a melhora da capacidade diagnosticadora do enfermeiro.Conclusão:o treinamento permitiu o exercício do raciocínio clínico e melhor acurácia dos enfermeiros.

RESUMENInsuficiencia cardíaca (IC) es causa frecuente de ingresos hospitalarios exigindo del enfermero precisión en la conducta clínica y adecuado juzgamiento de los diagnósticos de enfermería.Objetivo:verificar la precisión en la determinación de los diagnósticos de enfermería fatiga, disminuición del gasto cardíaco e intolerancia a la actividad en pacientes con IC ingresos en hospitales.Método:estudio observacional, con enfermeros docentes y experientes en diagnósticos de enfermería NANDA-I y/o IC. Evaluación y precisión fueron realizadas por através del cálculo: eficacia (E), falso negativo (FN), falso positivo (FP) y tendecia (T). Fueron aptos los enfermeros con inspección aceptable para dos diagnósticos.Resultados:el diagnóstico de enfermería fatiga fue identificado erróneamente como por evaluadores enfermeras.Discusión:la búsqueda de la mejora de la precisión diagnóstica reafirma la necesidad de una formación continua y específica a la mejora de la capacidad del diagnosticador enfermera.Conclusión:la capacitación permitió el ejercicio del raciocínio y mejor precisión de los enfermeros.

ABSTRACTHeart failure (HF) is a common cause of hospitalization and requires accuracy in clinical judgment and appropriate nursing diagnoses.Objective:to determine the accuracy of nursing diagnoses of fatigue, intolerance to activity and decreased cardiac output in hospitalized HF patients.Method:descriptive study applied to nurses with experience in NANDA-I and/or HF nursing diagnoses. Evaluation and accuracy were determined by calculating effi cacy (E), false negative (FN), false positive (FP) and trend (T) measures. Nurses who showed acceptable inspection for two diagnoses were selected.Results:the nursing diagnosis of fatigue was the most commonly mistaken diagnosis identifi ed by the nursing evaluators.Discussion:the search for improving diagnostic accuracy reaffi rms the need for continuous and specifi c training to improve the diagnosis capability of nurses.Conclusion:the training allowed the exercise of clinical judgment and better accuracy of nurses.