ABSTRACT
La evaluación psicológica forense del maltrato y del abuso sexual ha sido abordada prioritariamente desde una perspectiva técnico-metodológica. La consideración de los aspectos ético-deontológicos implicados ha resultado más incipiente y comienzan gradualmente a integrarse como una dimensión relevante de la práctica profesional. El presente artículo explora las principales tensiones y desafíos para los psicólogos que realizan evaluaciones forenses en esta materia. Se revisan cómo los principios rectores de la bioética se adaptan a la realidad de las evaluaciones forenses que permiten orientar el desarrollo de buenas prácticas en el área
The forensic psychological evaluation of mistreatment and sexual abuse has been addressed primarily from a technical-methodological perspective. Considerations of the ethical-deontological aspects involved has been more incipient, and gradually beginning to be integrated as a relevant dimension of professional practice. This article explores the main tensions and challenges for psychologists who perform forensic evaluations in this area. We review how the guiding principles of bioethics adapt to the reality of forensic evaluations that allow to guide the development of good practices in the área
L'avaluació psicològica forense del maltractament I abús sexual ha estat abordada prioritàriament des d'una perspectiva tècnico-metodològica. La consideració dels aspectes ètico-deontològics implicats ha resultat més incipient I comencen gradualment a integrar-se com una dimensió rellevant de la pràctica professional. El present article explora les principals tensions I desafiaments per als psicòlegs que realitzen avaluacions forenses en aquesta matèria. Es revisen com els principis que regeixen la bioètica s'adapten a la realitat de les avaluacions forenses que permeten orientar el desenvolupament de bones pràctiques al sector
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Forensic Psychology/ethics , Child Abuse/ethics , Ethical Theory , Child Abuse, Sexual/ethics , Forensic Psychology/instrumentation , Child Abuse/psychology , Child Abuse, Sexual/psychologyABSTRACT
El presente trabajo intenta abordar las complejidades del abuso sexual infantil, desde la mente del abusado y del abusador. A través de algunas viñetas clínicas, se mostrarán distintos tipos de abuso en niños y adolescentes, diferenciando estados mentales perversos, polimorfos y psicóticos de los abusadores, así como su intencionalidad. También en la clínica se analizarán las diferentes reacciones de los niños y adolescentes abusados y la postura ética del analista frente a estos hechos
This paper attempts to address the complexities of child sexual abuse from the mind of the abused and the abuser. Through some clinical vignettes, different types of abuse in children and adolescents will be shown, differentiating abusers 'perverse, polymorphic and psychotic mental states, as well as their intentionality. The clinic will also analyse the different reactions of abused children and adolescents and the analyst's ethical stance regarding these facts
El present treball intenta abordar les complexitats de l'abús sexual infantil, des de la ment de l'abusat I de l'abusador. A través d'algunes vinyetes clíniques, es mostraran diferents tipus d'abús en nens I adolescents, així com la seva intencionalitat. També en la clínica s'analitzaran les diferents reaccions dels nens I adolescents abusats I la postura ètica de l'analista davant aquests fets
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Child Abuse, Sexual/ethics , Child Abuse, Sexual/psychology , Child Behavior , Psychoanalysis/methods , Mental Disorders/psychology , Psychoanalysis/ethics , Stress, Psychological/psychologyABSTRACT
Ross Cheit's The Witch-Hunt Narrative raises a number of complex moral issues. Cheit's principal purpose is to challenge the belief that our society has overreacted to claims about the sexual abuse of children. Both directly and indirectly, Cheit's in-depth analysis broaches moral concerns pertaining to the integrity of child abuse allegations, investigations, civil litigation, and criminal prosecution, with an emphasis on the mixed motives of the parties involved in key cases. This article provides an overview of ethical questions pertaining to gathering information from very vulnerable individuals, informed consent, institutional review, protection of research participants, the use of deception and coercion, confidentiality and privacy, reporting research results, and conflicts of interest. In addition, the author discusses the phenomenon of whistle-blowing as it pertains to professionals' ethical judgments about disclosure of wrongdoing and misconduct. The author outlines key ethics-related concepts, applies relevant moral theory, and explores the implications of the moral issues raised by The Witch-Hunt Narrative for child sexual abuse victims, perpetrators, child welfare and law enforcement professionals, scholars and researchers, and the public at large.
Subject(s)
Child Abuse, Sexual/legislation & jurisprudence , Child Day Care Centers/legislation & jurisprudence , Confidentiality/ethics , Informed Consent/ethics , Morals , Narration , Child , Child Abuse, Sexual/diagnosis , Child Abuse, Sexual/ethics , Coercion , Confidentiality/legislation & jurisprudence , Deception , Disclosure/ethics , Disclosure/legislation & jurisprudence , HumansABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: In the review of the current literature, the main causing factors of the related conditions with child sexual abuse are the ethical dilemmas and legal implications. METHODS: A review was conducted on the classic literature on this topic. In this articlesome difficult paradigmatic cases are presented in which the hypothetical dilemmas were solved. RESULTS: The main characteristics of child sexual abuse enable us to have a better argument to address these situations. CONCLUSIONS: Taking into account the literature reviewed and predictable courses of action, it is concluded that it is important to take into account each individual each case and its circumstances, and that prudence and clinical objectivity, as well as knowledge of the law, become essential requirements for proper action.
Subject(s)
Child Abuse, Sexual/legislation & jurisprudence , Jurisprudence , Adolescent , Child , Child Abuse, Sexual/ethics , HumansABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: International epidemiological research into violence against children is increasing in scope and frequency, but little has been written about practical management of the ethical aspects of conducting such research in low and middle-income countries. In this paper, we describe our study procedures and reflect on our experiences conducting a survey of more than 3,700 primary school children in Uganda as part of the Good Schools Study, a cluster randomised controlled trial of a school-based violence prevention intervention. Children were questioned extensively about their experiences of physical, sexual, and emotional violence from a range of different perpetrators. We describe our sensitisation and consent procedures, developed based on our previous research experience and requirements for our study setting. To respond to disclosures of abuse that occurred during our survey, we describe a referral algorithm developed in conjunction with local services. We then describe our experience of actually implementing these procedures in our 2012 survey, based on reflections of the research team. Drawing on 40 qualitative interviews, we describe children's experiences of participating in the survey and of being referred to local child protection services. RESULTS: Although we were able to implement much of our protocol in a straightforward manner, we also encountered major challenges in relation to the response of local services to children's disclosures of violence. The research team had to intervene to ensure that children were provided with appropriate support and that our ethical obligations were met. CONCLUSIONS: In resource poor settings, finding local services that can provide appropriate support for children may be challenging, and researchers need to have concrete plans and back-up plans in place to ensure that obligations can be met. The merits of mandatory reporting of children's disclosures to local services need to be considered on a case by case basis-in some places this has the potential to do harm. Research teams also must agree on what level of ancillary care will be provided, and budget accordingly. Further practical examples of how to address the challenges encountered in this work are needed, in order to build a consensus on best practices. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01678846 (clinicaltrials.gov), August 24, 2012.
Subject(s)
Child Abuse/ethics , Developing Countries , Ethics, Research , Mandatory Reporting/ethics , Punishment , Research Design , Adolescent , Adolescent Behavior , Child , Child Abuse/diagnosis , Child Abuse/economics , Child Abuse/prevention & control , Child Abuse/psychology , Child Abuse, Sexual/economics , Child Abuse, Sexual/ethics , Child Abuse, Sexual/prevention & control , Child Behavior , Child Protective Services/ethics , Cross-Sectional Studies , Developing Countries/economics , Emotions , Female , Health Services Accessibility/ethics , Humans , Interpersonal Relations , Interviews as Topic , Male , Parental Consent/ethics , Perception , Punishment/psychology , Qualitative Research , Referral and Consultation/ethics , Risk Assessment , Social Environment , Uganda/epidemiologyABSTRACT
A nova metodologia de inquirição de crianças e adolescentes vítimas de abuso sexual pelo Poder Judiciário denominada Depoimento Especial tem sido discutida por profissionais de diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Dessas discussões, resultaram opiniões divergentes sobre o assunto. Esse artigo visa apresentar historicamente a metodologia do Depoimento Especial, primeiramente denominado Depoimento Sem Dano, e discutir as necessidades de a Justiça dialogar com outros saberes para um melhor direcionamento da realização deste ato processual - a ouvida da criança. Conclui-se, a partir da revisão de literatura e da interlocução entre Psicologia e Direito, que as discordâncias e debates legais não têm contribuído para a proteção das vítimas. O Poder Judiciário e outras áreas do conhecimento precisam fortalecer suas habilidades para trabalhar em conjunto numa interlocução respeitosa e equânime troca de conhecimentos. A realização da nova metodologia é possível e necessária, entretanto, mudanças podem trazer benefícios e maior proteção a crianças e adolescentes brasileiros.
The Judiciary Inquiry method of testimony for children and adolescents who suffered sexual abuse, called special testimony, has been discussed by professionals and there are divergent opinions about it. This article aims to present historically the Special Inquiry method that has been used in Brazil, firstly named Testimony without Damage, and discuss the needs of the area for a better direction of this activity. The conclusions from the literature review and interlocution between Psychology and Law show that these legal and technical disagreements seem not to be working in children's favor. The area needs to reinforce the abilities to work together in a respectful dialogue with an equitable knowledge exchange. The practice of the special testimony is possible and necessary, however some changes can bring benefits and greater protection for Brazilian children and adolescents.
La nueva tecnología de escucha de niños y adolescentes víctimas de abuso sexual por el Poder Judicial denominada Tomada de Testimonio Especial es tema de discusión de profesionales de distintas áreas del conocimiento. De esas discusiones resultaron opiniones divergentes acerca del asunto. Este artículo busca presentar históricamente la metodología de la Tomada de Testimonio Especial, primeramente denominada Testimonio Sin Daño, y discutir las necesidades de que la Justicia dialogue con otros saberes para una mejor dirección en la realización de este acto procesual - la escucha de niños. Se concluye, partiendo de la revisión de literatura y de la interlocución entre Psicología y Derecho, que las discordancias y debates legales no contribuyen para la protección de las víctimas. El Poder Judicial y otras áreas del conocimiento necesitan fortalecer sus habilidades para trabajar en conjunto en una interlocución respetuosa y ecuánime cambio de conocimientos. La realización de la nueva tecnología es posible y necesaria, sin embargo, cambios pueden traer beneficios y mayor protección a los niños y adolescentes brasileños.