ABSTRACT
A pandemia de COVID-19 trouxe impactos significativos para a vida de crianças e adolescentes em todo o mundo. Considerando esse contexto, o objetivo deste artigo foi examinar como as crianças e os adolescentes no Brasil foram impactados pela pandemia à luz de uma análise ética. Para tanto, uma análise interpretativa de estudos brasileiros sobre a saúde da criança e do adolescente durante a pandemia foi realizada. A tarefa de reconhecer essa dimensão ética é importante para entender como as respostas a situações de crise, tais como a presente situação da pandemia de COVID-19, podem ser moldadas e identificar quais as prioridades de ação de acordo com todas as partes interessadas, situando a criança entre essas partes de interesse. A análise demonstrou que tanto os efeitos diretos quanto os indiretos implicam em processos de tomada de decisão que precisam utilizar e sustentar o direito de participação da criança para que a ação tomada esteja o máximo possível focada nos melhores interesses da criança. Contudo, a realidade brasileira tem demonstrado uma exclusão estrutural das vozes infantis. Recomenda-se que mais estudos sejam conduzidos a fim de aprofundar o conhecimento sobre os melhores interesses das crianças e sua participação nas ações tomadas durante a pandemia
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the lives of children and adolescents around the world. This article aims to examine how the pandemic has impacted children and adolescents in Brazil using an ethical analysis. An interpretive analysis of Brazilian studies on child and adolescent health during the pandemic was conducted. The task of recognizing this ethical dimension is important to understand how responses to crisis situations, such as the current situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, can be shaped and where are the priorities for action according to all stakeholders, situating the child between these parts of interest. Our analysis highlighted both direct and indirect effects surrounding the decision-making processes for children in the COVID-19 pandemic reality. These decisional processes must sustain the child's right to participation to ascertain that the action taken is in the child's best interests. However, Brazilian reality has shown a structural exclusion of children's voices in decisions that affect them, particularly related to the effects of the pandemics in their lives. More studies must be conducted to deepen the knowledge about children's best interests and their participation in actions planning during the pandemic
La pandemia de COVID-19 ha afectado las vidas de niños y adolescentes de todo el mundo. Este artículo tiene como objetivo examinar cómo la pandemia ha afectado a los niños y adolescentes en Brasil mediante un análisis ético. Se realizó un análisis interpretativo de los estudios brasileños sobre salud del niño y del adolescente durante la pandemia. La tarea de reconocer esta dimensión ética es importante para entender cómo las respuestas a situaciones de crisis, como la situación actual de la pandemia COVID-19, pueden configurarse y dónde están las prioridades de acción según todos los actores, situando al niño entre estas partes. de interés. Estos procesos de decisión deben sustentar el derecho del niño a la participación para asegurarse de que las medidas tomadas respondan al interés superior del niño. Sin embargo, la realidad brasileña ha mostrado una exclusión estructural de las voces de los niños en las decisiones que los afectan, particularmente en relación con los efectos de las pandemias en sus vidas. Se deben realizar más estudios para profundizar el conocimiento sobre el interés superior de los niños y su participación en la planificación de acciones durante la pandemia
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Child Care/ethics , Child Health/ethics , Ethical Analysis , COVID-19/psychology , Child Abuse/ethics , Child Advocacy/ethics , Mental Health , COVID-19/prevention & controlABSTRACT
The program Edúcame Primero (Educate Me First) is an evidence-based practice for eradicating child labor that has been applied with positive results in Colombia, Peru, and several Central American countries. In this article, we describe the difficulties of implementing the program in two poor areas of Lima (Peru) between 2014 and 2016. Specifically, we discuss three ethical challenges faced during the implementation of the program: (a) the existence of a movement of working children that defends the right of children to work; (b) the polarization of some community-based associations and government institutions on how to deal with the problems of working children; and (c) the use of network indicators in the evaluation of the community's level of cohesion. Taking the Code of Ethics of the General Council of Associations of Psychologists in Spain as a guide, we adopted a consensus approach in planning and research design, combining different criteria of value with the participation of different stakeholders. The implementation of the program in Peru gave preference to developing skills in children over changing attitudes in relation to child protection, although the intervention openly declared its aims when engaging institutions and families. Finally, we address how social network research places special ethical demands on conventional ethical standards. Our experience with this project shows the importance of acting as a bridge between different stakeholders and assessing how all of them benefit from the intervention.
Subject(s)
Child Advocacy/ethics , Education/ethics , Employment/ethics , Psychology/ethics , Adolescent , Child , Humans , PeruABSTRACT
Los medios de comunicación son un importante actor en toda sociedad democrática. Su rol social en las cuestiones de salud, y en particular en lo relacionado con los derechos de la infancia, merece ser destacado. La manera en que se describen los niños, niñas y adolescentes en los medios tiene un impacto profundo en la actitud de la sociedad hacia la niñez. Un manejo adecuado de la imagen de la infancia que mostramos en los medios de comunicación es vital para contribuir a redimensionar la situación de los niños, niñas y adolescentes en la sociedad y valorar sus identidades, sus deseos y preferencias, sus miedos y sus derechos. Como hospital pediátrico nos cabe una gran responsabilidad respecto a lo que comunicamos, ya que los niños, niñas y adolescentes y sus familias son un grupo extremadamente vulnerable, más aún cuando son pacientes y en razón de todo ello depositan su confianza en recibir una especial protección, eminentemente asistencial y que debe ser inseparable de los aspectos jurídicos y éticos. Hay que considerar la diferencia del uso de la información con fines científicos y docentes, de la que puede ser utilizada como nota periodística, ya que van destinadas a grupos diferentes y persiguen objetivos distintos (AU)
The media is an important actor in the democratic society. Their role in health issues, particularly those related to children's rights, is outstanding. The way boys and girls and adolescents are described in the media has a profound impact on the attitude of society towards children. Adequate management of the image of childhood we show in the media is a vital contribution to the redimensioning of the situation of boys and girls, and adolescents in society respecting their identities, wishes, fears, and rights. As a pediatric hospital we have a great responsibility regarding what we communicate because boys and girls and adolescents as well as their families are an extremely vulnerable group, even more so when they are patients and consequently deposit their trust in us to receive special protection and care, which should be inseparable from judicial and ethical aspects. Data use for scientific and teaching aims should be distinguished from information used in the media, as target groups and aims pursued are different (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Child Advocacy/ethics , Child Advocacy/legislation & jurisprudence , Communications Media , Confidentiality , Ethics CommitteesABSTRACT
La desnutrición ha cobrado la vida de un importante número de niños y niñas de la etnia wayuu que habitan en el departamento de La Guajira en Colombia. Esa situación existe y persiste sin que los decisores o la sociedad civil tomen acciones que reviertan el problema, mostrando total indiferencia y falta de solidaridad. En el país en general y en La Guajira en particular, es evidente la vulneración de los derechos de los niños y las niñas, como sujetos que se construyen en el presente y cuyo futuro no puede ser preparado sin su participación, el apoyo de sus familias, sus comunidades y las organizaciones civiles e instituciones del Estado. Es importante la solidaridad de la sociedad, puesto que los indígenas requieren respuestas, teniendo en cuenta las consideraciones éticas para su atención. Quienes solicitan se hagan efectivos los derechos que tanto se proclaman por distintos medios y que se han convertido sólo en sueños, puesto que la realidad es otra (AU).
Malnutrition has claimed the lives of a great quantity of children of the Wayuu ethnicity, who live in La Guajira department, in Colombia. This situation has existed for a long time without the action of the decision makers or the social society to solve the problem, showing total indifference and lack of solidarity. In the country in general and particularly in La Guajira, it is evident the violation of the rights of the children as subjects that are in the formation process at that moment of their lives, and whose future could not be granted without their participation and the support of their families, their communities, the civilian organizations and the State institutions. It is important the society's solidarity, because native people require answers and attention, taking into account ethical consideration. There are many people asking for making effective the rights that are so widely proclaimed by different means and have become just dreams, because they are another thing in real life (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Child Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Ethical Analysis/methods , Child Nutrition Disorders/complications , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Child Nutrition Disorders/ethnology , Child Advocacy/legislation & jurisprudence , Child Advocacy/standards , Child Advocacy/ethics , Human Rights Abuses/ethnology , Human Rights Abuses/prevention & control , eHealth Strategies , Civil SocietyABSTRACT
La desnutrición ha cobrado la vida de un importante número de niños y niñas de la etnia wayuu que habitan en el departamento de La Guajira en Colombia. Esa situación existe y persiste sin que los decisores o la sociedad civil tomen acciones que reviertan el problema, mostrando total indiferencia y falta de solidaridad. En el país en general y en La Guajira en particular, es evidente la vulneración de los derechos de los niños y las niñas, como sujetos que se construyen en el presente y cuyo futuro no puede ser preparado sin su participación, el apoyo de sus familias, sus comunidades y las organizaciones civiles e instituciones del Estado. Es importante la solidaridad de la sociedad, puesto que los indígenas requieren respuestas, teniendo en cuenta las consideraciones éticas para su atención. Quienes solicitan se hagan efectivos los derechos que tanto se proclaman por distintos medios y que se han convertido sólo en sueños, puesto que la realidad es otra (AU).
Malnutrition has claimed the lives of a great quantity of children of the Wayuu ethnicity, who live in La Guajira department, in Colombia. This situation has existed for a long time without the action of the decision makers or the social society to solve the problem, showing total indifference and lack of solidarity. In the country in general and particularly in La Guajira, it is evident the violation of the rights of the children as subjects that are in the formation process at that moment of their lives, and whose future could not be granted without their participation and the support of their families, their communities, the civilian organizations and the State institutions. It is important the society's solidarity, because native people require answers and attention, taking into account ethical consideration. There are many people asking for making effective the rights that are so widely proclaimed by different means and have become just dreams, because they are another thing in real life (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Child Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Ethical Analysis/methods , Child Nutrition Disorders/complications , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Child Nutrition Disorders/ethnology , Child Advocacy/legislation & jurisprudence , Child Advocacy/standards , Child Advocacy/ethics , Human Rights Abuses/ethnology , Human Rights Abuses/prevention & control , eHealth Strategies , Civil SocietyABSTRACT
La bioética es el estudio sistemático de la conducta humana en el campo de las ciencias biológicas y de la atención a la salud, en la medida en que la conducta se examine por los valores y principios morales. Con esta revisión se pretende describir el comportamiento de los aspectos éticos relacionados con el derecho al aborto en la adolescencia. La práctica de la medicina ginecológica implica una continua toma de decisiones, tanto diagnósticas como pronósticas, terapéuticas y éticas. Los principios bioéticos se conocen, sin embargo no siempre se aplican por parte del personal de salud, aspecto que influye en la atención que se le brinda a la adolescente y a sus familiares(AU)
bioethics is the systematic study of human behavior in the field of Biological sciences and health assistance as long as it is assessed by moral values and principles. To describe the behaviors of ethic aspects related to the right of abortion in adolescence. The practice of gynecological medicine implies a continuous decision making process on diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutics and ethics. Bioethics principles are well-known, nevertheless; they are not applied by the health staff, so it is a significant influence on the assistance they must give to adolescents and to their families(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Ethics, Medical , Abortion, Induced/ethics , Pregnancy in Adolescence/ethics , Child Advocacy/ethics , Adolescent HealthABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: A bibliographic review on <
Subject(s)
Preimplantation Diagnosis/ethics , Siblings , Abortion, Induced/ethics , Blastocyst , Blood Donors , Child Advocacy/ethics , Child Advocacy/legislation & jurisprudence , Embryo Disposition , Eugenics/legislation & jurisprudence , Female , Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics , Genetic Diseases, Inborn/surgery , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/ethics , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Personal Autonomy , Personhood , Pregnancy , Value of LifeABSTRACT
INTRODUÇÃO: A incidência do condiloma acuminado anogenital em crianças mostra notável aumento nas últimas duas décadas, bem como o interesse por sua associação com o abuso sexual. No entanto, essa relação apresenta controvérsias quanto à etiologia da infecção, o que torna o atendimento desafiador, particularmente nos aspectos ético-legais. OBJETIVO: Revisão da literatura sobre transmissão do HPV em crianças e relação com abuso sexual. MÉTODO: Síntese de dados da consulta ao Journal Citation Reports (JCR-ISI), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (Scielo) e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs). Foram utilizados descritores MeSH Terms com sintaxes (HPV [All Fields]) AND ("Child Abuse, Sexual" [MeSH Terms]). Artigos relevantes entre 1989 e 2009 foram selecionados. Aspectos ético-legais foram consultados na legislação penal e Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente. RESULTADOS: Diferentes formas de transmissão não sexual do HPV em crianças estão documentadas, destacando-se a transmissão vertical, auto e heteroinoculação de verrugas cutâneas, e aquisição por instrumentos. Estudos são discordantes quanto à aplicabilidade do DNA-HPV para diferenciar a transmissão sexual e não sexual das verrugas anogenitais. CONCLUSÃO: Evidências indicam que em crianças com menos de dois anos de idade a transmissão não sexual do HPV deve ser fortemente considerada na ausência de lesões genitais, de outra DST, ou de história consistente de abuso. A probabilidade de associação entre HPV e abuso sexual aumenta diretamente com a idade, principalmente após os cinco anos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Child Abuse, Sexual , Condylomata Acuminata , Domestic Violence , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Papillomavirus Infections , Criminal Liability , Child Advocacy/ethicsABSTRACT
O presente trabalho faz revisão dos artigos recentemente publicados em revistas médicas de circulação nacional e internacional sobre o tema do consentimento informado. Apresenta, em sua introdução, os aspectos históricos e a dimensão global das questões jurídicas e legais, discorrendo sobre a importância ética do assunto. A seguir, pontua algumas das peculiaridades da prática do uso do consentimento informado na pediatria, arguindo sobre a necessidade do respeito à autonomia da criança e do adolescente. Desenvolve uma linha de análise bioética desta prática em unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal em países emdesenvolvimento, nas quais além da vulnerabilidade dos pacientes, na maioria bebês prematuros, somam-se outros aspectos técnicos, culturais, religiosos, educacionais, econômicos, sociais etc. Conclui ressaltando a complexidade deste procedimento e alerta que apenas seu uso não garante efetivamente o respeito e a proteção dos pacientes, quer envolvidos ou não em protocolos de pesquisas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Bioethics , Comprehensive Health Care , Developing Countries , Disaster Vulnerability , Child Advocacy/ethics , Ethics, Medical , Informed Consent , Intensive Care, Neonatal , Personal Autonomy , Adolescent , Adolescent Health , Adult Health , Child , Child HealthABSTRACT
Se aborda el tema desde la perspectiva del Derecho Constitucional, refiriéndose, por una parte, al carácter de personas que nuestra Carta Fundamental reconoce a los niños y adolescentes; sobre la base de la dignidad humana, los niños son personas titulares de los derechos garantizados por la Constitución y en los tratados internacionales vigentes y, en consecuencia, gozan de la dignidad que se reconoce por nuestra Carta Fundamental como inherente a todas las personas; el autor desarrolla algunas ideas en torno del principio consistente en que debe considerarse siempre el interés superior del niño, para terminar aplicando esas reflexiones al ámbito de la atención en la salud de los niños y adolescentes.
We present some thoughts about the challenges of the attention in the health of children and adolescents, from the point of view of the constitutional right. Our basic Charter recognizes the child as a person, with the same rights as an adult. This recognition stems from the fact that the full dignity as a human being is given to a child, and adolescent or an adult. The recognition afforded by our Charter is in line with International Treaties. The author presents some ideas on the principle of the best interest of the child and applies these ideas to the provision of health to children and adolescents.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Child , Adolescent Health , Child Health , Jurisprudence , Child Advocacy/ethics , Child Advocacy/legislation & jurisprudence , Delivery of Health Care , Patient RightsSubject(s)
Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Child Advocacy/ethics , Child Advocacy/legislation & jurisprudenceSubject(s)
Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Child Advocacy/ethics , Child Advocacy/legislation & jurisprudenceABSTRACT
En Bioética Pediátrica, aun cuando los criteriosconcernientes a los pacientes adultos sirven de baseconceptual, el grado de desarrollo cognitivo ypsicosocial del niño debe tenerse en consideracióncon respecto a las decisiones y acciones que selleven a cabo sobre él. En la toma de decisiones, lospadres ocupan un lugar central. Además, el compromisoprimario del pediatra es servir con lo mejoral bienestar del niño.Los medios modernos para sustentar la vida deniños críticamente enfermos han suscitado controversiasacerca de los límites de su aplicación yfundamentos morales. La distinción efectuada entremedios proporcionados y no proporcionadoses útil para tomar decisiones en los casos másdificultosos. Los cuidados paliativos contribuyen amejorar la calidad de vida aliviando el dolor y laansiedad y promoviendo el bienestar físico ypsicoespiritual del niño y su familia. Las pruebasde genética molecular en el recién nacido, con el usode la espectrometría de masa, se han ampliadopero, asimismo, han planteado cuestiones éticas,sociales y legales, por lo que su aplicación exigeprudencia.Palabras clave: Bioética Pediátrica, medios para sustentarla vida, cuidados paliativos, pruebas genéticasneonatales.
Subject(s)
Child , Bioethics , Child Advocacy/ethics , Bioethical Issues/legislation & jurisprudence , Palliative Care , EuthanasiaABSTRACT
En Bioética Pediátrica, aun cuando los criteriosconcernientes a los pacientes adultos sirven de baseconceptual, el grado de desarrollo cognitivo ypsicosocial del niño debe tenerse en consideracióncon respecto a las decisiones y acciones que selleven a cabo sobre él. En la toma de decisiones, lospadres ocupan un lugar central. Además, el compromisoprimario del pediatra es servir con lo mejoral bienestar del niño.Los medios modernos para sustentar la vida deniños críticamente enfermos han suscitado controversiasacerca de los límites de su aplicación yfundamentos morales. La distinción efectuada entremedios ¶proporcionados÷ y ¶no proporcionados÷es útil para tomar decisiones en los casos másdificultosos. Los cuidados paliativos contribuyen amejorar la calidad de vida aliviando el dolor y laansiedad y promoviendo el bienestar físico ypsicoespiritual del niño y su familia. Las pruebasde genética molecular en el recién nacido, con el usode la espectrometría de masa, se han ampliadopero, asimismo, han planteado cuestiones éticas,sociales y legales, por lo que su aplicación exigeprudencia.Palabras clave: Bioética Pediátrica, medios para sustentarla vida, cuidados paliativos, pruebas genéticasneonatales.(AU)
Subject(s)
Child , Bioethics , Bioethical Issues/legislation & jurisprudence , Child Advocacy/ethics , Euthanasia , Palliative CareABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: As part of the evaluation of the obligations which the health sector acquired within the national policy for eradication of child labor, it is necessary to analyze their pertinence in relation to the context, the goals of the system and, overall, the needs felt by children of both sexes, young workers and their families. METHODS: For this evaluation the systemic approach is used where one side the commitments are compared with the social, political and economic context in which they were formulated and, on the other side, all those involved in the subject are called. From this a comparative strategy or triangulation is generated in order to obtain the coincident aspects as well as the conflicting ones, analyzing the different positions. RESULTS: Difficulties become evident in the sector regarding decision taking, as well as the ignorance of children and youths as social subjects of rights. CONCLUSIONS: In the health sector limitations are present for the understanding of the phenomenon of child labor, as well as of the role of the health sector in the solution of the problem ad the structural barriers created by the Law 100 of 1993.