ABSTRACT
CONTEXT: Electronic health records (EHRs) are an emerging chronic disease surveillance data source and facilitating this data sharing is complex. PROGRAM: Using the experience of the Multi-State EHR-Based Network for Disease Surveillance (MENDS), this article describes implementation of a governance framework that aligns technical, statutory, and organizational requirements to facilitate EHR data sharing for chronic disease surveillance. IMPLEMENTATION: MENDS governance was cocreated with data contributors and health departments representing Texas, New Orleans, Louisiana, Chicago, Washington, and Indiana through engagement from 2020 to 2022. MENDS convened a governance body, executed data-sharing agreements, and developed a master governance document to codify policies and procedures. RESULTS: The MENDS governance committee meets regularly to develop policies and procedures on data use and access, timeliness and quality, validation, representativeness, analytics, security, small cell suppression, software implementation and maintenance, and privacy. Resultant policies are codified in a master governance document. DISCUSSION: The MENDS governance approach resulted in a transparent governance framework that cultivates trust across the network. MENDS's experience highlights the time and resources needed by EHR-based public health surveillance networks to establish effective governance.
Subject(s)
Chronic Disease Indicators , Information Dissemination , Humans , Electronic Health Records , Indiana , LouisianaABSTRACT
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease with various complications throughout its course. The presence of emotional burden in diabetes disease, which is referred to as diabetes-related distress (DRD) is common among such patients and may affect their response to treatment. Objectives: To assess the relationship of diabetes-related distress and glycaemic control among patients with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Family Medicine Department of LASUTH, Ikeja, Lagos. A total of 317 patients with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus were systematically recruited. The data were collected over a four-month period. Important clinical information including clinical characteristics and diabetes-related distress using the diabetes distress scale (DDS-17) was collected. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was also assessed. Results: The degrees of DRD were as follows: 54.9% (None/little), 40.1% (moderate) and 5.0% (severe). The mean HbA1c estimate for all participants was 7.83±1.8%. Among the 317 study participants, 67.2% had poor glycaemic control while 32.8% had good glycaemic control. There was a statistically significant association between DRD and glycaemic control (p< 0.001). Likewise, the various domains of DRD had statistically significant associations with glycaemic control with the exception of physician-related domain. Participants with better glycaemic control reported lower levels of DRD than participants with poorer glycaemic control. Conclusion: There is a high level of diabetes-related distress patients with diabetes mellitus. Good glycaemic control is important in improving or preventing DRD. Therefore, T2DM patients should be screened for DRD during their treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetes Mellitus , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Patient Care , Blood Glucose , Cross-Sectional Studies , Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune , Noncommunicable Diseases , Chronic Disease IndicatorsABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN. La hemofilia es una condición rara hereditaria, crónica, potencialmente discapacitante e incapacitante, caracterizada por frecuentes sangrados debidos al déficit del factor VIII coagulante, Hemofilia A o del factor IX Hemofilia B. Las evaluaciones de calidad de vida en personas con hemofilia, basadas principalmente en el aspecto biológico, llevaron a considerar un importante enfoque bioético que evalúe la afectación de la autonomía y dignidad debida a la enfermedad. OBJETIVO. Registrar la percepción de la autonomía y dignidad de personas que viven con hemofilia. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio descriptivo transversal. Población de 92 y muestra de 28 varones mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico de hemofilia, atendidos en la Clínica de Coagulopatías Congénitas del Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín en el periodo marzo 2021 a agosto del 2021. Se excluyó a varones menores de 18 años atendidos en otras instituciones del Sistema Nacional de Salud. Estudio basado en el desarrollo de las capacidades centrales descritas por Martha Nussbaum. Se aplicó el test The Hemophilia Well Being Index que evaluó calidad de vida con relación al bienestar personal asociado a salud, y la herramienta Body Mapping que analizó en base al interpretativismo fenomenológico. RESULTADOS. El 100% de personas presentaron afectación en algún área de la vida investigada por el Hemophilia Well Being Index, que se confirma con las expresiones escritas y gráficas recopiladas por el Body Mapping. CONCLUSIÓN. La autonomía y dignidad se encuentran afectadas en las personas que viven con hemofilia, al igual que las capacidades centrales; es importante valorar cómo estos parámetros afectan la consecución de logros, lo que se debe considerar en estudios futuros.
INTRODUCTION. Hemophilia is a rare hereditary, chronic, potentially disabling and incapacitating condition, characterized by frequent bleeds due to deficiency of clotting factor VIII, Hemophilia A or factor IX Hemophilia B. Quality of life assessments in people with hemophilia, mainly based on the biological aspect, led to consider an important bioethical approach that evaluates the impairment of autonomy and dignity due to the disease. OBJECTIVE. To record the perception of autonomy and dignity of people living with hemophilia. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Cross-sectional descriptive study. Population of 92 and sample of 28 males over 18 years of age with a diagnosis of hemophilia, attended at the Congenital Coagulopathy Clinic of the Carlos Andrade Marin Specialty Hospital in the period March 2021 to August 2021. Males under 18 years of age attended in other institutions of the National Health System were excluded. The study was based on the development of the central capabilities described by Martha Nussbaum. The test The Hemophilia Well Being Index was applied, which evaluated quality of life in relation to personal wellbeing associated with health, and the tool Body Mapping which analyzed based on phenomenological interpretivism. RESULTS. 100% of people presented affectation in some area of life investigated by the Hemophilia Well Being Index, which is confirmed by the written and graphic expressions collected by the Body Mapping. CONCLUSION. Autonomy and dignity are affected in people living with hemophilia, as are core capacities; it is important to assess how these parameters affect achievement, which should be considered in future studies.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Perception , Quality of Life , Hemophilia B , Personal Autonomy , Patient Care , Hemophilia A , Blood Coagulation , Blood Coagulation Factors , Factor IX , Factor XIII , Chronic Disease , Civil Rights , Chronic Disease IndicatorsABSTRACT
As Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNTs) tendem a ser de longa duração e são o resultado de uma combinação de fatores genéticos, fisiológicos, ambientais e comportamentais. Tais agravos matam 41 milhões de pessoas a cada ano, o equivalente a 74% de todas as mortes no mundo, principalmente mortes prematuras, além de acarretar a perda de qualidade de vida, limitações e incapacidades, constituindo a maior carga de morbimortalidade. Sendo assim, esta síntese de evidências traz alguns pontos do Plano de Ações Estratégicas para o Enfrentamento das Doenças Não Transmissíveis no Brasil (2011-2022), que tem o intuito de reduzir a carga de DCNTs e evitar mortes prematuras, além de promover o desenvolvimento e a implementação de políticas públicas efetivas, integradas, sustentáveis e baseadas em evidências para a prevenção e o controle das DCNTs e seus fatores de risco e fortalecer os serviços de saúde voltados às doenças crônicas
Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behavioral factors. Such diseases kill 41 million people each year, equivalent to 74% of all deaths in the world, mainly premature deaths, in addition to causing a loss of quality of life, limitations and disabilities, constituting the highest burden of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this synthesis of evidence presents some points of the Strategic Action Plan for Combating Noncommunicable Diseases in Brazil (2011-2022), which aims to reduce the burden of NCDs and prevent premature deaths, in addition to promoting the development and the implementation of effective, integrated, sustainable and evidence-based public policies for the prevention and control of CNCDs and their risk factors and to strengthen health services aimed at chronic diseases
Subject(s)
Humans , Noncommunicable Diseases/epidemiology , Chronic Disease/mortality , Mortality, Premature/trends , Noncommunicable Diseases/prevention & control , Chronic Disease IndicatorsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the time trend of monthly mortality rates from chronic respiratory diseases in Brazil from 1996 to 2017, with forecasts for 2022, besides analyzing the possibility of achieving the goal of the Plano de Ações Estratégicas para o Enfrentamento das Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis no Brasil (Strategic Action Plan to Tackle Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases in Brazil) from 2011 to 2022. METHODS This is an ecological study that uses data from Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM - Mortality Information System), Sistema de Informações Demográficas e Socioeconômicas (Demographic and Socioeconomic Information System) and Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua (PNAD Contínua - Continuous National Household Sample Survey). We established the age range between 30 and 69 years old and the evolution of the rates over time was made by autoregressive integrated moving average models in R statistical tool. RESULTS Premature mortality rates from chronic respiratory diseases are decreasing in Brazil as a whole, mostly in state capitals. There is also a trend to reach the Ministry of Health's goal in most of the country. For capitals that tend not to reach the goal, there is an association between mortality and social indicators, healthcare network and frequency of smoking. CONCLUSION This study intends to improve planning of the public health system for the control of chronic respiratory diseases.
RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar a tendência temporal das taxas mensais de mortalidade por doenças respiratórias crônicas no Brasil de 1996 até 2017, com projeções para 2022, além de analisar a possibilidade de cumprimento da meta do Plano de Ações Estratégicas para o Enfrentamento das Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis no Brasil de 2011 até 2022. MÉTODOS Trata-se de estudo ecológico que utiliza dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade, do Sistema de Informações Demográficas e Socioeconômicas e da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua. O recorte etário foi estabelecido entre 30 e 69 anos e a evolução das taxas no tempo foi feita por meio de modelos autorregressivos integrados de média móvel em plataforma estatística R. RESULTADOS As taxas de mortalidade precoce por doenças respiratórias crônicas apresentam-se decrescentes no Brasil como um todo e na maior parte das capitais, assim como, há tendência a atingir a meta do Ministério da Saúde na maior parte do país. Para capitais que tendem a não atingir a meta, verifica-se associação entre mortalidade e indicadores sociais, rede assistencial de saúde e frequência do tabagismo. CONCLUSÃO Pretende-se que o estudo possibilite um melhor planejamento do sistema público de saúde para o controle das doenças respiratórias crônicas.
Subject(s)
Respiratory Tract Diseases/mortality , Health Programs and Plans , Brazil , Ecological Studies , Noncommunicable Diseases , Chronic Disease IndicatorsABSTRACT
Resumen: Objetivo: Describir el proceso de construcción y validación del instrumento educación, el cual tiene un diseño posintervención, para la promoción de la salud y vigilancia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) en comunidades quilombolas brasileñas. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio metodológico para validar un instrumento, que mezcla investigación cuantitativa y cualitativa, realizado en las comunidades quilombolas en el municipio de Capela/Sergipe, Brasil. Como primera etapa de la construcción del instrumento, se identificó el perfil social y clínico, al mismo tiempo que se ejecutaron las acciones de educación sanitaria sobre la prevención de enfermedades y estilos de vida saludables. Esto tenía el fin de identificar los déficits de información, fragancias y potencialidades en el entorno de las quilombolas. Para la validación del instrumento educativo, se calculó el índice de validez del contenido. Resultados: El índice de validez del contenido se obtuvo en el orden de 0.94. Las quilombolas presentan varias debilidades para el desarrollo de la ECNT, pero las potencialidades pueden fortalecerse y trabajarse en las oportunidades, destacando la importancia de las estrategias educativas para la prevención de problemas de salud. Conclusión: El proceso de validación mostró que el folleto se consideraba válido para la educación y la salud en las comunidades quilombolas, porque es atractivo, confiable y fácil de entender para este grupo de población. Se concluye que el objetivo propuesto se logró, ya que el folleto educativo titulado "Aprenda cómo cuidar su salud" fue validado para el diseño y el contenido con especialistas y la facilidad de comprensión con los líderes de las comunidades quilombolas.
Abstract: Objective: To describe the process of construction and validation of an educational instrument, with a post-intervention design, for health promotion and surveillance of non-communicable chronic diseases (CNCDS) in Brazilian Quilombola communities. Methodology: This is a methodological study to validate an instrument with a mixed study of quantitative and qualitative research, carried out in Quilombolas communities in the municipality of Capela/Sergipe, state Brazil. As the first stage of the construction of the educational instrument, the social and clinical profile was identified, concomitantly with health education actions on the prevention of healthy diseases and lifestyles, in order to identify the information deficits, Fragilities and potentialities in the Quilombola environment. For the validation of the educational instrument, the content validity index was calculated. Results: The content validity index was obtained in the order of 0.94. The Quilombolas present several weaknesses for the development of CNCDS, however the potentialities can be strengthened and the opportunities worked, highlighting the importance of educational strategies for the prevention of health problems. Conclusion: The validation process showed that the booklet was considered valid for education and health in Quilombola communities, because it is attractive, reliable and easy to understand for this population group. It is concluded that the proposed objective was achieved, the educational booklet titled "Learn how to care for your health" was validated for layout and content with specialists, and the ease of understanding with community leaders Quilombolas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Chronic Disease Indicators , Quilombola Communities , Health Promotion , Brazil , Evaluation of Research Programs and ToolsABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo é fornecer informações sociodemográficas e de características individuais de adultos, relacionados à participação de atividade física (AF) da população residente na cidade de Salvador, Bahia, na expectativa de gerar informações que auxiliem a elaboração de políticas públicas direcionadas à promoção da saúde da população soteropolitana. Foram analisados dados de 2.030 adultos (≥ 18 anos de idade) de ambos os sexos, participantes do sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (Vigitel) de 2018. Os homens estavam fisicamente mais ativos do que as mulheres no lazer e no trabalho, enquanto as mulheres estavam mais ativas nas atividades domiciliares. Ser solteiro e/ou divorciado e ter maior escolaridade parece favorecer a participação em AF. Entre os cinco tipos AF recreativa mais praticados, a caminhada foi a atividade mais prevalente em ambos os sexos, com 24,7% e 21,3% da população feminina e masculina, respectivamente, seguida de musculação (7,2%), ginástica geral (5,0%), futebol/futsal (4,0%) e corrida (3,0%). A participação de musculação, futebol/futsal e corrida foi mais frequente na parcela masculina da população, enquanto a participação de ginástica geral foi alavancada pela atuação feminina. A persistência dos estereótipos de gênero pode explicar, em partes, a diversidade e a prevalência em certas modalidades de AF entre homens e mulheres. A continuidade e a periodicidade do monitoramento da AF pelo Vigitel permitirão o acompanhamento das tendências comportamentais da população de Salvador em relação à participação de AF, enquanto estudos futuros, com metodologias apropriadas, poderão explicar as diferenças dos padrões de AF entre os sexos.
This study seeks to provide demographic and personal behavior information about the participation in physical activity (PA) in the municipality of Salvador, state of Bahia, Brazil population, hoping to expand directed support to that population's health using PA promotion. Data from 2,030 adults (≥ 18 years old) of both sexes that participate in the Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Disease Surveillance System by Telephone Survey (Vigitel) in the year 2018 were analyzed, including sociodemographic and individual behavior variables related to participation in PA. Men were more physically active than women at leisure and at work, and women were more active than men at home (house cleaning). Being single and/or divorced and having a high level of education seems to favor the practice of PA. Among the five most practiced PA modalities, walking was preferred by 23.5% of the population, followed by weight training (7.2%), general gymnastics (5.0%), soccer/futsal (4.0%) and running (3.0%). Walking was the most practiced by both sexes, with a prevalence of 24.7% and 21.3% in the female and male population, respectively. The practice of weight training, soccer/futsal and running was more frequent in the male segment, whereas general gymnastics was leveraged by female participation. The persistence of gender stereotypes could explain, in part, the diversity and prevalence in certain modalities between men and women. The continuity and periodicity of PA monitoring by Vigitel will allow the monitoring of the behavioral trends of the population of Salvador regarding the participation in PA, and future studies with appropriate methodologies may explain the differences in PA patterns between genders.
El objetivo de este estudio es brindar información sociodemográfica y características individuales de los adultos, relacionadas con la participación en actividad física (AF) de la población residente en la ciudad de Salvador (Bahia, Brasil), para generar datos que servirán en la elaboración de políticas públicas orientadas a promover la salud de la población de Salvador. Se analizaron datos de 2.030 adultos (≥ 18 años de edad) de ambos sexos, participantes del Sistema de Vigilancia de Factores de Riesgo y Protección para Enfermedades Crónicas por Encuesta Telefónica (Vigitel) de 2018. Los varones eran físicamente más activos que las mujeres en el tiempo libre y en el trabajo, mientras que las mujeres eran más activas en las actividades del hogar. Ser soltero y/o divorciado y tener estudios superiores parece favorecer la participación en AF. Entre los cinco tipos de AF recreativa más practicada, caminar fue la más prevalente para ambos sexos, con un 24,7% y un 21,3% en la población femenina y masculina, respectivamente, seguido del entrenamiento con pesas (7,2%), gimnasia general (5,0%), fútbol/futsal (4,0%) y carreras (3,0%). El entrenamiento con pesas, el fútbol/futsal y la carrera fueron las más frecuentes entre los varones, mientras que la gimnasia general fue más practicada por las mujeres. La persistencia de estereotipos de género podría explicar, en parte, la diversidad y prevalencia de ciertos tipos de AF entre varones y mujeres. La continuidad y la periodicidad del seguimiento de AF por Vigitel permitirán monitorear las tendencias de comportamiento de la población de Salvador en relación a la participación en AF, y estudios futuros con metodologías adecuadas pueden explicar las diferencias en los patrones de AF entre géneros.
Subject(s)
Chronic Disease , Risk Factors , Adult , Resistance Training , Chronic Disease Indicators , Leisure Activities , Motor ActivityABSTRACT
Resumo: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a cobertura e a confiabilidade do encerramento dos casos de tuberculose drogarresistente (TB DR), do Sistema de Informação de Tratamentos Especiais de Tuberculose (SITE-TB), que ocorreram no Brasil no período de 2013 a 2016, a partir de relacionamentos probabilísticos com o Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), Gerenciador de Ambiente Laboratorial (GAL) e Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM). Os casos de TB DR com início de tratamento entre 2013 e 2016 no Brasil constituíram a população do estudo. O relacionamento com o SINAN avaliou a cobertura e estimou a subnotificação dos casos de TB DR. Aplicou-se o método de captura-recaptura, com uso do estimador de Chapman. O relacionamento com o GAL identificou casos diagnosticados pelo laboratório que não estavam notificados no SITE-TB. O relacionamento com o SIM avaliou a confiabilidade do encerramento óbito no SITE-TB, utilizando o coeficiente kappa. Estimou-se uma população de 2.945 (IC95%: 2.365-3.602) casos novos de TB DR com o estimador de Chapman. No GAL, foram encontrados 1.626 indivíduos não notificados no SITE-TB, mesmo com exame laboratorial confirmatório de resistência aos medicamentos antiTB. Classificou-se como excelente, PABAK (prevalance and bias adjusted kappa) de 0,86 (IC95%: 0,85-0,87), a concordância entre o desfecho óbito do SITE-TB e o SIM. Os resultados mostraram que ainda temos lacunas relacionadas ao diagnóstico e ao tratamento da TB DR no Brasil. A subnotificação no SITE-TB de casos de TB DR representa um desafio para o controle da doença. A localização desses indivíduos e o início precoce do tratamento devem constituir uma ação priorizada nos serviços de saúde.
Abstract: The study aimed to assess the coverage and reliability of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) case closure in the Information System on Special Treatments for Tuberculosis (SITE-TB in Portuguese) in Brazil from 2013 to 2016, based on probabilistic linkage with the Information System on Diseases of Notification (SINAN), Laboratory Environment Manager (GAL), and Mortality Information System (SIM). The study population consisted of DR-TB cases that initiated treatment from 2013 to 2016 in Brazil. Linkage with SINAN assessed the coverage and estimated underreporting of DR-TB cases. The capture-recapture method was applied, using the Chapman estimator. Linkage with GAL identified cases diagnosed by the laboratory that had not been reported to SITE-TB. Linkage with SIM assessed the reliability of case closure by death in SITE-TB, using the kappa coefficient. We estimated a population of 2,945 (95%CI: 2,365-3,602) new cases of DR-TB with the Chapman estimator. We located 1,626 individuals in the GAL database that had not been reported to SITE-TB, even with laboratory confirmation of drug resistance. PABAK (prevalance and bias adjusted kappa) of 0.86 (95%CI: 0.85-0.87) was classified as excellent for the agreement in death as the outcome between the SITE-TB and SIM databases. The results pointed to persistent gaps related to diagnosis and treatment of DR-TB in Brazil. Underreporting of DR-TB cases in the SITE-TB database poses a challenge for TB control. Identification of these individuals and early start of treatment should be prioritized in health services.
Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la cobertura y fiabilidad del cierre de casos de tuberculosis resistente a multiple medicamentos (TB DR; por sus siglas en portugués) en el Sistema de Información de Tratamientos Especiales de Tuberculosis (SITE-TB), que se produjeron en Brasil durante el período de 2013 a 2016, a partir de relaciones probabilísticas con el Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Notificación (SINAN por sus siglas en portugués), Gestor de Ambiente de Laboratorio (GAL) y Sistema de Información sobre Mortalidad (SIM). La población del estudio fueron los casos de TB DR con inicio de tratamiento entre 2013 y 2016 en Brasil. La relación con el SINAN evaluó la cobertura y estimó la subnotificación de los casos de TB DR. Se aplicó el método de captura-recaptura, utilizando el estimador de Chapman. La relación con el GAL identificó casos diagnosticados por el laboratorio que no estaban notificados en el SITE-TB. La relación con el SIM evaluó la fiabilidad del cierre óbito en el SITE-TB, utilizando el coeficiente kappa. Se estimó que para una población de 2.945 (IC95%: 2.365-3.602) casos nuevos de TB DR con el estimador de Chapman. Se encontraron en el GAL a 1.626 individuos no notificados en el SITE-TB, incluso con examen de laboratorio confirmatorio de resistencia a los medicamentos antiTB. Se clasificó como excelente, PABAK (prevalance and bias adjusted kappa) de 0,86 (IC95%: 0,85-0,87), la concordancia entre el resultado óbito del SITE-TB y el SIM. Los resultados mostraron que todavía existen lagunas relacionadas con el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la TB DR en Brasil. La subnotificación en el SITE-TB de casos de TB DR representa un desafío para el control de la enfermedad. La localización de esos individuos y el inicio precoz del tratamiento debe ser una acción priorizada en los servicios de salud.
Subject(s)
Humans , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/epidemiology , Tuberculosis , Brazil/epidemiology , Reproducibility of Results , Disease Notification , Chronic Disease IndicatorsABSTRACT
Introducción: El enfrentamiento a la COVID-19 impone importantes retos a los profesionales de la salud relacionados con la prevención y control de infecciones en la comunidad y en las instituciones de salud. Uno de los mayores retos a los que se enfrenta los hospitales es gestionar de una forma más eficiente sus recursos sin que ello suponga un deterioro de la calidad percibida por el paciente y personal sanitario. Objetivo: Modelar la efectividad del sistema de enfrentamiento a la COVID-19 basado en su eficacia y eficiencia. Método: Confección de un Cuadro de Mando Integral basado en indicadores de eficiencia y eficacia. Resultados: Se diseñó el Cuadro de Mando Integral para el sistema de enfrentamiento a la pandemia. Cuenta con cinco perspectivas: Financiera, Aprendizaje y Crecimiento, Procesos internos, Cliente y Vida, esta última relacionada con el indicador de letalidad del virus. Se tiene los indicadores globales de eficacia y eficiencia y el EFECOVID, que permite determinar la efectividad del sistema ante esta pandemia. Conclusiones: Se diseña el indicador EFECOVID para diagnosticar la efectividad del sistema de enfrentamiento a la COVID-19. Tiene como soporte un Cuadro de Mando Integral diferente al tradicional por estar dirigido a disminuir los efectos de la pandemia, además, detener como perspectiva adicional de desempeño a "Vida" que manifiesta que el fin es quebrantar la pandemia(AU)
Introduction: Facing COVID-19 adds important challenges for healthcare professionals in charge of the facilities, and the control and prevention of infections in the community. One of the biggest challenges faced by hospitals is to manage their resources with more efficiency without lowering the quality of the service. Objective: To shape the efficacy of COVID-19 management system, based on its effectiveness and efficiency. Method: A balanced scorecard was made based on indicators of efficiency and effectiveness. Results: The balanced scorecard was designed to support the pandemic management system, with 5 indicators of performance: Financial, Learning and Growth, Internal Processes, Client and Life (the last one related to virus lethality indicator). The global indicators of efficiency-effectiveness and EFECOVID serve as references to determine the usefulness of the system to face the pandemic. Conclusions: The EFECOVID indicator was designed to diagnose the efficacy of COVID-19 management system. It is supported by a balanced scorecard, different from the traditional one in order to stop the pandemic, contrary to ¨Vida¨ program, that was focused on dealing with the pandemic(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Health Status Indicators , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Chronic Disease Indicators , Models, TheoreticalABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: El enfrentamiento a la COVID-19 impone importantes retos a los profesionales de la salud relacionados con la prevención y control de infecciones en la comunidad y en las instituciones de salud. Uno de los mayores retos a los que se enfrenta los hospitales es gestionar de una forma más eficiente sus recursos sin que ello suponga un deterioro de la calidad percibida por el paciente y personal sanitario. Objetivo: Modelar la efectividad del sistema de enfrentamiento a la COVID-19 basado en su eficacia y eficiencia. Método: Confección de un Cuadro de Mando Integral basado en indicadores de eficiencia y eficacia. Resultados: Se diseñó el Cuadro de Mando Integral para el sistema de enfrentamiento a la pandemia. Cuenta con cinco perspectivas: Financiera, Aprendizaje y Crecimiento, Procesos internos, Cliente y Vida, esta última relacionada con el indicador de letalidad del virus. Se tiene los indicadores globales de eficacia y eficiencia y el EFECOVID, que permite determinar la efectividad del sistema ante esta pandemia. Conclusiones: Se diseña el indicador EFECOVID para diagnosticar la efectividad del sistema de enfrentamiento a la COVID-19. Tiene como soporte un Cuadro de Mando Integral diferente al tradicional por estar dirigido a disminuir los efectos de la pandemia, además, detener como perspectiva adicional de desempeño a "Vida" que manifiesta que el fin es quebrantar la pandemia.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Facing COVID-19 adds important challenges for healthcare professionals in charge of the facilities, and the control and prevention of infections in the community. One of the biggest challenges faced by hospitals is to manage their resources with more efficiency without lowering the quality of the service. Objective: To shape the efficacy of COVID-19 management system, based on its effectiveness and efficiency. Method: A balanced scorecard was made based on indicators of efficiency and effectiveness. Results: The balanced scorecard was designed to support the pandemic management system, with 5 indicators of performance: Financial, Learning and Growth, Internal Processes, Client and Life (the last one related to virus lethality indicator). The global indicators of efficiency-effectiveness and EFECOVID serve as references to determine the usefulness of the system to face the pandemic. Conclusions: The EFECOVID indicator was designed to diagnose the efficacy of COVID-19 management system. It is supported by a balanced scorecard, different from the traditional one in order to stop the pandemic, contrary to ¨Vida¨ program, that was focused on dealing with the pandemic.
Subject(s)
Humans , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Infection Control , Chronic Disease Indicators , COVID-19/prevention & control , LifeABSTRACT
Resumo Objetivos Selecionar, desenvolver e validar as definições dos indicadores clínicos do resultado "Conhecimento: Controle da Doença Crônica" da Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) para pacientes com úlcera venosa (UVe). Métodos Estudo de validação por consenso de especialistas, realizado em um hospital universitário em 2017. Participaram do estudo 10 especialistas com experiência na utilização da NOC e no cuidado aos pacientes com UVe. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de encontro presencial com os especialistas, que validaram os indicadores previamente selecionados pelos pesquisadores. Posteriormente, foram desenvolvidas as definições conceituais e operacionais de nove indicadores selecionados, em consonância com a literatura e a experiência clínica dos especialistas. Na sequência, os especialistas responderam a um instrumento no google form, para contribuir com o refinamento das definições conceituais e operacionais dos indicadores e, por fim, houve novo encontro presencial, onde os especialistas validaram os indicadores e suas definições, considerando-se a concordância de 100%. Resultados Os nove indicadores selecionados e validados com suas definições conceituais e operacionais foram: causas e fatores contribuintes; benefícios do controle da doença; sinais e sintomas da doença crônica; estratégias de prevenção UVde complicações; estratégias para equilibrar atividade e repouso; estratégias de controle da dor; procedimentos envolvidos no regime de tratamento; responsabilidades pessoais com o regime de tratamentos e recursos financeiros para assistência. Conclusão Os indicadores clínicos selecionados e validados, por consenso de especialistas, poderão auxiliar enfermeiros no planejamento de intervenções e na avaliação dos resultados sobre o conhecimento do paciente referente aos cuidados no tratamento e prevenção da UVe.
Resumen Objetivo Seleccionar, desarrollar y validar las definiciones de los indicadores clínicos del resultado "Conocimiento: Control de la Enfermedad Crónica" de Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) para pacientes con úlcera venosa (UVe). Métodos Estudio de validación por consenso de expertos, realizado en un hospital universitario en el año 2017. Participaron del estudio 10 especialistas con experiencia en el uso de NOC y en el cuidado de los pacientes con UVe. La recolección de datos ocurrió por medio de un encuentro presencial con los especialistas, los cuales validaron los indicadores previamente seleccionados por los investigadores. Posteriormente, se desarrollaron las definiciones conceptuales y operacionales de nueve indicadores seleccionados, en consonancia con la literatura y la experiencia clínica de los especialistas. Además, los expertos respondieron a un instrumento en Google formulario, para contribuir al refinamiento de las definiciones conceptuales y operacionales de los indicadores y, por último, hubo una nueva reunión presencial, donde los expertos validaron los indicadores y sus definiciones, considerándose la concordancia del 100%. Resultados Los nueve indicadores seleccionados y validados con sus definiciones conceptuales y operacionales fueron: causas y factores contribuyentes; beneficios del control de la enfermedad; signos y síntomas de la enfermedad crónica; estrategias de prevención UVe de complicaciones; estrategias para equilibrar actividad y reposo; estrategias de control del dolor; procedimientos implicados en el régimen de tratamiento; responsabilidades personales con el régimen de tratamientos y recursos financieros para asistencia. Conclusión Los indicadores clínicos seleccionados y validados por consenso de expertos, podrán ayudar a enfermeros en las intervenciones de planificación y evaluación de los resultados sobre el conocimiento del paciente referente al cuidado en el tratamiento y prevención de la UVe.
Abstract Objectives Select, develop and validate the definitions of the clinical indicators for the outcome "Knowledge: Chronic Disease Management" in the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) for venous ulcer (VU) patients. Methods Validation study by expert consensus, developed at a university hospital in 2017. The study participants were 10 experts knowledgeable on the use of NOC and care for VU patients. The data were collected during a face-to-face meeting with the experts, who validated the indicators the researchers had previously selected. Then, the conceptual and operational definitions were developed for nine selected indicators, in line with the literature and the experts' clinical experience. Next, the experts answered a questionnaire in Google Forms to contribute to the refining of the indicators' conceptual and operational definitions and, finally, a new face-to-face meeting was held, when the experts validated the indicators and their definitions, considering an agreement level of 100%. Results The nine selected and validated indicators, with their conceptual and operational definitions, were: cause and contributing factors; benefits of disease management; signs and symptoms of chronic disease; strategies to prevent complications; strategies to balance activity and rest; strategies to manage pain; procedures involved in treatment regimen; personal responsibilities for treatment regimen and financial resources for assistance. Conclusion The selected clinical indicators validated by expert consensus can help nurses to plan interventions and assess outcomes on the patients' knowledge about care in VU treatment and prevention.
Subject(s)
Humans , Patients , Varicose Ulcer , Knowledge , Standardized Nursing Terminology , Chronic Disease Indicators , Nursing Care , Nursing Process , Health Education , Chronic Disease , Validation Studies as TopicABSTRACT
Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) is a strategy developed by the World Health Organization. Regional Office for Africa in 1998. The Ministry of Health; Tanzania has adopted this strategy for strengthening communicable diseases surveillance in the country. In order to improve the effectiveness of the implementation of IDSRmonitoring and evaluating the performance of the surveillance system; identifying areas that require strengthening and taking action is important. This paper presents the findings of baseline data collection for the period October - December 2003 in 12 districts representing eight regions of Tanzania. The districts involved were Mbulu; Babati; odoma Rural; Mpwapwa; Igunga; Tabora Urban; Mwanza Urban; Muleba; Nkasi; Sumbawanga Rural; Tunduru and Masasi. Results are grouped into three key areas: surveillance reporting; use of surveillance data and management of the IDSR system. In general; reporting systems are weak; both in terms of receiving all reports from all acilities in a timely manner; and in managing those reports at the district level. Routine analysis of surveillance data is not being done at facility or district levels; and districts do not monitor the performance of their surveillance system. There was also good communication and coordination with other sectors in terms of sharing information and resources. It is important that districts' capacity on IDSR is strengthened to enable them monitor and evaluate their own performance using established indicators
Subject(s)
Surveillance of the Workers Health , Chronic Disease Indicators , Communicable Disease Control , Public Health , Health Facilities , Sentinel SurveillanceABSTRACT
EN ESTE NÚMERO: Análisis de mortalidad nuevos usos para indicadores antiguos | Informes de enfermedades crónicas en el Boletín Semanal de Morbilidad y Mortalidad | Vigilancia del SIDA en las Américas | Actividades de epidemiología en los países | Enfermedades sujetas al Reglamento Sanitario Internacional | Reunión de la Asociación Internacional de Epidemiología.