Guía técnica de continuidad de cuidados para personas con trastornos mentales graves y/o problemas psicosociales de riesgo en los Centros de Salud Mental Comunitaria / Technical guide to continuity of care for people with serious mental disorders and/or psychosocial problems at risk in Community Mental Health Centers

La presente publicación describe las pautas para establecer los criterios conceptuales y metodológicos para la implementación, ejecución y evaluación de la continuidad de cuidados de las personas con trastorno mental grave y/o problemas psicosociales de riesgo en los Centros de Salud Mental Comunitaria

Exploratory analysis on payment mechanisms to Community Mental Health Centers in Chile using mixed grounded theory. / Análisis exploratorio sobre los mecanismos de pago a centros de salud mental comunitaria en Chile usando teoría fundamentada mixta.

Introduction: Research on psychiatric deinstitutionalization has neglected that reforms in this field are nested in a health system that has undergone financial reforms. This subordination could introduce incentives that are misaligned with new mental health policies. According to Chile's National Mental Health Plan, this would be the case in the Community Mental Health Centers (CMHC). The goal is to understand how the CMHCpayment mechanism is a potential incentive for community mental health. Methods: A mixed quantitative-qualitative convergent study using grounded theory. We collected administrative production data between 2010 and 2020. Following the payment mechanism theory, we interviewed 25 payers, providers, and user experts. We integrated the results through selective coding. This article presents the relevant results of mixed selective integration. Results: Seven payment mechanisms implemented heterogeneously in the country's CMHC are recognized. They respond to three schemes subject to rate limits and prospective public budget. They differ in the payment unit. They are associated with implementing the community mental health model negatively affecting users, the services provided, the human resources available, and the governance adopted. Governance, management, and payment unit conditions favoring the community mental health model are identified. Conclusions: A disjointed set of heterogeneously implemented payment schemes negatively affects the community mental health model. Formulating an explicit financing policy for mental health that is complementary to existing policies is necessary and possible.

Introducción: La investigación sobre desinstitucionalización psiquiátrica ha descuidado el hecho que las reformas en este campo se anidan en un sistema de salud que se ha sometido a reformas financieras. Esta subordinación podría introducir incentivos desalineados con las nuevas políticas de salud mental. Según el Plan Nacional de Salud Mental de Chile, este sería el caso en los centros de salud mental comunitaria. El objetivo es comprender cómo el mecanismo de pago al centro de salud mental comunitaria es un potencial incentivo para la salud mental comunitaria. Métodos: Este es un estudio mixto cuantitativo-cualitativo convergente, que utiliza la teoría fundamentada. Recolectamos datos administrativos de producción entre 2010 y 2020. Siguiendo la teoría de mecanismo de pago, entrevistamos a 25 expertos de los ámbitos pagador, proveedor y usuario. Integramos los resultados a través de la codificación selectiva. Este artículo presenta los resultados relevantes de la integración selectiva mixta. Resultados: Reconocimos siete mecanismos de pago implementados heterogéneamente en los centros de salud mental comunitaria del país. Estos, responden a tres esquemas supeditados a límites de tarifa y presupuesto público prospectivo. Se diferencian en la unidad de pago. Se asocian con la implementación del modelo de salud mental comunitaria afectando negativamente a los usuarios, los servicios provistos, los recursos humanos disponibles, la gobernanza adoptada. Identificamos condiciones de gobernanza, gestión y unidad de pago que favorecerían el modelo de salud mental comunitaria. Conclusiones: Un conjunto desarticulado de esquemas de pago implementados heterogéneamente, tiene efectos negativos para el modelo de salud mental comunitaria. Es necesario y posible formular una política de financiación explícita para la salud mental complementaria a las políticas existentes.

Attitudes toward and training in medications for opioid use disorders: a descriptive analysis among employees in the youth legal system and community mental health centers.

BACKGROUND: Research demonstrates gaps in medications for opioid use disorder uptake (MOUDs; methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone) especially among adolescents. These gaps may be partly attributable to attitudes about and training in MOUDs among youth-serving professionals. We extended prior research by conducting descriptive analyses of attitudes regarding effectiveness and acceptability of MOUDs, as well as training in MOUDs, among youth legal system (YLS) employees and community mental health center (CMHC) personnel who interface professionally with youth. METHODS: Using survey data from participants (n = 181) recruited from eight Midwest counties, we examined: (1) differences in MOUD attitudes/training by MOUD type and (2) by respondent demographics, and (3) prediction of MOUD attitudes/training by participant-reported initiatives to implement evidence-based practices (EBPs), workplace culture around EBPs, and workplace stress. Attitudes and training were measured in reference to five MOUD types (methadone, oral buprenorphine, injectable buprenorphine, oral naltrexone, injectable naltrexone) on three subscales (effectiveness, acceptability, training). RESULTS: Wilcoxon signed-rank tests demonstrated that most outcomes differed significantly by MOUD type (differences observed among 22 of 30 tests). Kruskal-Wallis tests suggested MOUD differences based on demographics. For methadone, CMHC providers endorsed greater perceived effectiveness than YLS providers and age explained significant differences in perceived effectiveness. For buprenorphine, CHMC providers viewed oral or injectable buprenorphine as more effective than YLS employees, respondents from more rural counties viewed oral buprenorphine as more effective than those from less rural counties, and age explained differences in perceived effectiveness. For naltrexone, perceived gender differed by gender. Hierarchical ordinal logistic regression analysis did not find an association between personal initiatives to implement EBPs, workplace culture supporting EBPs, or workplace stress and effectiveness or acceptability of MOUDs. However, personal initiatives to implement EBPs was associated with training in each MOUD. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight a few key findings: effectiveness/acceptability of and training in MOUDs largely differ by MOUD type; setting, rurality, age, gender, and education explain group differences in perceived effectiveness of and training in MOUDs; and implementing EBPs is associated with training in MOUDs. Future research would benefit from examining what predicts change in MOUD attitudes longitudinally.

Availability of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder in Community Mental Health Facilities.

Importance: Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are an effective but underutilized treatment. Opioid use disorder prevalence is high among people receiving treatment in community outpatient mental health treatment facilities (MHTFs), but MHTFs are understudied as an MOUD access point. Objective: To quantify availability of MOUD at community outpatient MHTFs in high-burden states as well as characteristics associated with offering MOUD. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study performed a phone survey between April and July 2023 among a representative sample of community outpatient MHTFs within 20 states most affected by the opioid crisis, including all Certified Community Behavioral Health Centers (CCBHCs). Participants were staff at 450 surveyed community outpatient MHTFs in 20 states in the US. Main Outcomes and Measures: MOUD availability. A multivariable logistic regression was fit to assess associations of facility, county, and state-level characteristics with offering MOUD. Results: Surveys with staff from 450 community outpatient MHTFs (152 CCBHCs and 298 non-CCBHCs) in 20 states were analyzed. Weighted estimates found that 34% (95% CI, 29%-39%) of MHTFs offered MOUD in these states. Facility-level factors associated with increased odds of offering MOUD were: self-reporting being a CCBHC (odds ratio [OR], 2.11 [95% CI, 1.08-4.11]), providing integrated mental and substance use disorder treatment (OR, 5.21 [95% CI, 2.44-11.14), having a specialized treatment program for clients with co-occurring mental and substance use disorders (OR, 2.25 [95% CI, 1.14-4.43), offering housing services (OR, 2.54 [95% CI, 1.43-4.51]), and laboratory testing (OR, 2.15 [95% CI, 1.12-4.12]). Facilities that accepted state-financed health insurance plans other than Medicaid as a form of payment had increased odds of offering MOUD (OR, 1.95 [95% CI, 1.01-3.76]) and facilities that accepted state mental health agency funds had reduced odds (OR, 0.43 [95% CI, 0.19-0.99]). Conclusions and Relevance: In this study of 450 community outpatient MHTFs in 20 high-burden states, approximately one-third offered MOUD. These results suggest that further study is needed to report MOUD uptake, either through increased prescribing at all clinics or through effective referral models.

Hope and psychological resilience in primary caregivers of patients with a chronic mental illness followed in a community mental health center.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to examine hope and psychological resilience in primary caregivers of patients with a chronic mental illness. DESIGN AND METHODS: The descriptive study was conducted on 297 caregivers in community mental health centers in Turkey. Data were collected using the Introductory Information Form, Dispositional Hope Scale and the Resilience Scale for Adults. FINDINGS: Hope and psychological resilience of primary caregivers of patients with a chronic mental illness were moderate. To sociodemographic and caregiver characteristics; caregivers who are over 40 years old, lost his/her spouse, low education level, housewife or retired, unemployed, who evaluated their incomes low, mother, living in the same house with the patient, caring for ten years or more, caring for another patient and not getting help in care had lower hope and resilience levels. Compared to patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder, caregivers of patients with schizophrenia had lower hope and psychological resilience levels. CONCLUSIONS: Primary caregivers of patients with a chronic mental illness should be supported in terms of hope and psychological resilience.

Symptom Exacerbations of Patients Attending a Community Mental Health Center During the COVID-19 Pandemic. / Bir Toplum Ruh Sagligi Merkezi'nde Takip Edilen Hastalarda COVID-19 Salgini Sürecinde Belirtilerde Alevlenmeler.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the clinical conditions of the patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) in a community mental health center (CMHC). METHOD: Symptom exacerbations, emergency service admissions, drug dose increases, additional medication prescriptions, and psychiatric hospitalizations of patients with BD and SSD in the CMHC were evaluated retrospectively. The data from the 1-year prior, 6-months prior, 6-months after the onset and 1-year after the onset of the pandemic were compared. Hospital and CMHC medical records were used for outcomes. Personal and Social Performance (PSP) Scale was used to assess the level of functioning. RESULTS: 107 patients with the diagnosis of BD and 121 patients with the diagnosis of SSD were recruited. In the BD group, there was increase in the frequency of symptom exacerbations (p=0.001) and additional medication prescriptions or increased dose (p=0.007), with decrease in emergency service admissions (p=0.039) during the pandemic. In the patients with SSD, the number of patients with exacerbation of symptoms (p=0.001) and with increased dose or additional medication prescriptions (p=0.004) were higher during the pandemic. There was no increase in the rate of hospitalized patients in the period of first 6 months and first one year. Symptom exacerbations were more frequent in the SSD group with Covid (+) in family (p=0.016). CONCLUSION: The fact that the hospitalization rates remained the same despite an increase in the acute exacerbations provides info on the role of CMHCs and how mental health system functioned during the pandemic.

The Effect of an Emotion Recognition and Expression Program on the Alexithymia, Emotion Expression Skills and Positive and Negative Symptoms of Patients with Schizophrenia in a Community Mental Health Center.

This study aimed to examine the effect of an emotion recognition and expression program (EREP) on the alexithymia, emotion expression skills and positive and negative symptoms of patients with schizophrenia. The study had a non-randomized, quasi-experimental design including a pretest, post-test, and follow-up test. It was conducted with 36 patients with schizophrenia (n = 18 intervention group, n = 18 control group) who regularly visited a Community Mental Health Center (CMHC) in Türkiye and participated voluntarily. The EREP was applied to the intervention group for eight weeks. "Personal Information Form", "Emotion Expression Scale (EES)", "Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS)", and "Positive Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)" were applied to all participants in the pretest, post-test, and follow-up test. The follow-up test was applied one month after the end of the sessions. Number, percentage, chi-square test, and repeated measures analysis of variance were used for data evaluation. In the total alexithymia score, there was a significant difference in the group interaction by time in the intervention group compared to the control group. In terms of total alexithymia score, the post-test and follow-up test mean scores of the intervention group were lower than the control group (p < 0.05; η2 = 0.122). There was a significant time*group interaction in the positive emotion subscale of the EES (p < 0.05; η2 = 0.121). The findings of our study indicated that the EREP had a positive effect on the alexithymia scores of patients with schizophrenia. We found that the EREP used in our study contributed to the reduction of alexithymia levels in patients with schizophrenia.

Effectiveness of Psychosocial Skills Training and Community Mental Health Services: A Qualitative Research.

This study employs a phenomenological approach to investigate the experiences of individuals who access services at a community mental health center (CHMC) in Türkiye The aim of this study is to comprehend the experiences of individuals who participate in psychosocial skills training at the CHMC. Thematic analysis of data from sixteen in-depth interviews revealed three main themes and eight sub-themes. Functionality theme emphasizes the positive impact of CHMC services and training on daily life and social functioning. Effective Factors theme encompasses the elements that improve the effectiveness of CHMC services. Participants have provided suggestions for the content of the training under the theme of Recommendations. Study results show that CHMC services and psychosocial skills training benefit individuals' daily lives and functioning, but that opportunities for improvement exist. It is crucial to incorporate participant feedback, and further research should be conducted to investigate the effectiveness of these services in this area.

Left Behind: Experiences of Community Mental Health Center Clients with Serious Mental Illness During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

While some international qualitative research has interviewed people with serious mental illnesses (SMI) about their experiences in the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic, few US studies have explored their experiences and perspectives as the pandemic has continued. Drawing from disability studies perspectives, this qualitative study conducted in 2022 explored the experiences of people with SMI seeking services at community mental health centers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Fifteen clients who identified as living with an SMI and were clients during March 2020 were interviewed. Using narrative analysis, we identified an overarching tenor of client experiences: feeling left behind by institutions and society. This feeling of being left behind was conceptualized as three themes. As the literature around the COVID-19 pandemic grows and we attempt to integrate it into community mental health policy and practice, it is essential to include the experiences and perspectives of clients with lived experience of SMI.

Improving interprofessional teamwork in a community mental health team: a team building circle program based on the restorative justice paradigm.

Improving teamwork among mental health practitioners is crucial. However, there have been few intervention studies on teamwork enhancement among community mental health practitioners in South Korea. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of the Team Building Circle program (TBC) based on the restorative justice paradigm, which sought to promote integration and cohesion. The TBC was developed to improve conflict interpretation mind-set, interpersonal skills, and teamwork among practitioners in community mental health centers. We conducted a quasi-experimental study using a pre and posttest design with a non-equivalent control group. The participants were 44 practitioners from four community mental health centers. Data were collected before the implementation TBC (pretest), just after (posttest), and 3 months after TBC (follow-up test). A generalized estimating equation model was used for analysis. Our findings indicate that the intervention group had improved scores in the ability to cope with interpersonal stress in a constructive way, interpersonal relationship skills, and teamwork compared to the control group. To improve teamwork among community mental health practitioners, managers are encouraged to consider providing TBC intervention.

Risk and protective factors for early dropout from telephone monitoring for individuals with drug convictions in community mental health centers in Japan.

INTRODUCTION: Individuals involved with the criminal justice system face challenges in receiving and maintaining substance use disorder (SUD) treatment and support. Although telephone monitoring (TM) could reduce these barriers, data on TM for community-dwelling individuals involved with the criminal justice system and research on individuals who drop out of TM are scarce. We examined the factors associated with dropping out early from the Voice Bridges Project, which provides TM for individuals on probation for drug-related convictions through community mental health centers in Japan. METHODS: Participants (n = 546) were individuals aged ≥20 years with methamphetamine-related convictions who were on probation. Univariate analyses examine the associations between one-year follow-up status and baseline variables, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses identify the risk and protective factors associated with dropping out. Stratified analyses report results based on sex and halfway-house residency. RESULTS: The one-year dropout rate was 43.6 % (n = 238). Multivariate analysis identified two risk factors for dropping out-halfway-house residency and suicide attempts in the past year, and two protective factors-higher education and the current use of SUD services. Sex-stratified analyses showed that halfway-house residency was a risk factor for both men and women. Attempted suicide was a risk factor for women. Conversely, higher education and current use of SUD services were protective factors for men. CONCLUSIONS: Our results identify unique risk factors for women, such as a recent history of suicide attempts, and distinctive protective factors for men, including higher education and current use of SUD services, emphasizing the importance of sex-specific approaches. Furthermore, the study reveals that irrespective of sex, vulnerable individuals, such as halfway-house residents, are at a higher risk of dropping out from TM.

Is there a prospective association between psychological distress as measured by the CORE-OM and treatment attendance and treatment duration? A follow-up study at a Norwegian Community Mental Health Centre.

BACKGROUND: Feasible and reliable methods for identifying factors associated with treatment duration and treatment attendance in mental health services are needed. This study examined to what degree the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) at the start of treatment is associated with treatment attendance and treatment duration. METHODS: Outpatients (N = 124) at a community mental health centre in Norway completed the 34-item CORE-OM questionnaire addressing the domains of subjective well-being, problems and symptoms, functioning and risk at the start of treatment. The CORE-OM subscales and the 'all' items total scale were used as predictor variables in regression models, with treatment duration, number of consultations attended, treatment attendance (number of therapy sessions attended divided by number of sessions offered) and termination of treatment (planned versus unplanned) as outcome variables. RESULTS: Higher CORE-OM subscale scores and the 'all' scale were associated with longer treatment duration. No association was found between CORE-OM scales and number of therapy sessions, treatment attendance (sessions attended/offered) or whether the patients unexpectedly ended treatment. CONCLUSION: Higher patient-reported psychological distress as measured by the CORE-OM at the start of treatment was prospectively associated with treatment duration but not with treatment attendance or drop-out of treatment. The findings imply that patients with higher initial psychological distress need longer treatment but that treatment attendance may be related to factors other than the severity of distress.

Adopting a Novel Approach to Prevent and Address Patient Mistreatment of Staff in a Community Mental Health Center.

Verbal mistreatment of staff by patients is common in health care settings. Experiencing or witnessing mistreatment can have harmful psychological impacts, affecting well-being and clinical practice. As part of an effort to become an antiracist organization, an academic community mental health center based in Connecticut developed an initiative to address verbal mistreatment. Training in the Expect, Recognize, Address, Support, Establish (ERASE) framework was provided to 140 staff members. This training and subsequent actions to enhance the culture of safety were perceived as helpful by staff. Further development of the initiative is proceeding as the center's primary performance improvement program.

The Transdiagnostic Intervention for Sleep and Circadian Dysfunction (TranS-C) for serious mental illness in community mental health part 3: study protocol to evaluate sustainment in a hybrid type 2 effectiveness-implementation cluster-randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: Although research on the implementation of evidence-based psychological treatments (EBPTs) has advanced rapidly, research on the sustainment of implemented EBPTs remains limited. This is concerning, given that EBPT activities and benefits regularly decline post-implementation. To advance research on sustainment, the present protocol focuses on the third and final phase-the Sustainment Phase-of a hybrid type 2 cluster-randomized controlled trial investigating the implementation and sustainment of the Transdiagnostic Intervention for Sleep and Circadian Dysfunction (TranS-C) for patients with serious mental illness and sleep and circadian problems in community mental health centers (CMHCs). Prior to the first two phases of the trial-the Implementation Phase and Train-the-Trainer Phase-TranS-C was adapted to fit the CMHC context. Then, 10 CMHCs were cluster-randomized to implement Standard or Adapted TranS-C via facilitation and train-the-trainer. The primary goal of the Sustainment Phase is to investigate whether adapting TranS-C to fit the CMHC context predicts improved sustainment outcomes. METHODS: Data collection for the Sustainment Phase will commence at least three months after implementation efforts in partnering CMHCs have ended and may continue for up to one year. CMHC providers will be recruited to complete surveys (N = 154) and a semi-structured interview (N = 40) on sustainment outcomes and mechanisms. Aim 1 is to report the sustainment outcomes of TranS-C. Aim 2 is to evaluate whether manipulating EBPT fit to context (i.e., Standard versus Adapted TranS-C) predicts sustainment outcomes. Aim 3 is to test whether provider perceptions of fit mediate the relation between treatment condition (i.e., Standard versus Adapted TranS-C) and sustainment outcomes. Mixed methods will be used to analyze the data. DISCUSSION: The present study seeks to advance our understanding of sustainment predictors, mechanisms, and outcomes by investigating (a) whether the implementation strategy of adapting an EBPT (i.e., TranS-C) to the CMHC context predicts improved sustainment outcomes and (b) whether this relation is mediated by improved provider perceptions of treatment fit. Together, the findings may help inform more precise implementation efforts that contribute to lasting change. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05956678 . Registered on July 21, 2023.

Evaluation of Individual Placement and Support at Three Community Mental Health Centers in California.

Individual Placement and Support (IPS) has been shown to effectively help people with serious mental illness obtain competitive employment, and IPS programs have been established in over 40 U.S. states and at least 20 other countries. As this expansion continues, the field needs data describing IPS implementation, clients, fidelity, and outcomes in real-world, non-research settings, specifically regarding racial and ethnic disparities and young adults. The goal of this study was to observe the initial three years of IPS implementation, measuring fidelity, client characteristics, and employment outcomes in three mental health agencies in one California county. In 2018, officials in one California county contracted with the IPS Center to provide training and measure IPS program fidelity at three mental health agencies in a large urban area. The goal was to establish and maintain IPS programs with good fidelity and effectiveness. After an initial year of preparation, three mental health programs recruited unemployed clients with interest in employment and implemented IPS. An IPS trainer provided initial training, ongoing consultation, and measured program fidelity. The program clinicians documented client characteristics, IPS service use, and quarterly employment throughout 13 quarters. The project followed 351 mental health clients as they participated in three new supported employment programs over a three-year period. The average client age was 36 years, including 107 (31%) young adults (ages 18-25) and 244 older adults (ages 26+); 177 (50%) identified their gender as female, 173 as male, and 1 as other or declined to answer; 119 (36%) identified as Hispanic, 116 (35%) as non-Hispanic White, 42 (13%) as non-Hispanic Asian, 35 (11%) as non-Hispanic Black, and 20 (6%) as other non-Hispanic. Most clients (78%) had diagnoses of non-psychotic conditions such as anxiety or depression, and 22% had diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizoaffective, or other psychotic disorder. During the project, 312 (87%) engaged in supported employment services, 206 (58%) attained competitive employment, and 177 (50%) found their first job within nine months of enrolling. Hispanics (64%), Asians (57%), and non-Hispanic Blacks (77%) achieved higher employment rates than non-Hispanic Whites (49%). Young adults (73%) achieved higher employment rates than older adults (51%). Engaging in new IPS supported employment programs over several months led to high rates of competitive employment across all groups in real-world, non-research settings, typically within nine months. Hispanics, Asians, and non-Hispanic Blacks achieved higher rates of competitive employment than non-Hispanic Whites, and young adults achieved higher rates than older adults. Further research may explain these differences.

Return to Community Mental Health Centers after the Pandemic: A Qualitative Study on Turkish Patients' Subjective Experiences.

BACKGROUND: Community mental health centers (CMHCs) are important institutions for individuals with chronic mental illness. During the COVID-19 period, patients with mental health could not optimally access care in CMHCs. AIM: To explore the experiences of patients using a CMHC after its closure due to the COVID-19 pandemic. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a descriptive qualitative study that included 16 patients with mental disorders who regularly used CMHCs during the pre-pandemic period. Their data were collected between March 2022 and August 2022 using face-to-face, in-depth semi-structured interviews. All interviews were recorded and the content analysis method was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The age range of the 16 study participants was 29-53 years with a mean age of 40.8 ± 6.5 years. Nine (56.3%) participants were men, and 7 (43.7%) were women. Ten (62.5%) participants had schizophrenia, whereas 6 (37.5%) had bipolar disorder. According to content analysis, the five main themes that emerged based on the statements of participants were the effects of change, difficulties experienced, support needs, coping experiences, and suggestions. The results showed that although patients using CMHCs are struggling with the adverse consequences of the pandemic process, they also have difficulty managing their diseases and daily life due to their inability to access psychosocial services in the CMHCs. CONCLUSION: The patients reported their negative experiences and need for support during the pandemic. The study highlights the need to adequately accommodate mental health services delivery during future pandemics that may impose movement restrictions.

A representação social da doença mental na Guiné-Bissau / The social representation of mental illness in Guinea-Bissau

Enquadramento Teórico: Segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde cerca de 450 milhões de pessoas no mundo inteiro padecem de doença mental, as quais representam 12% da carga global das doenças. Contudo, os Governos continuam a não disponibilizar mais de 1% de seu recurso orçamentário para o setor, portanto, cerca de 40% dos Países não possuem políticas de saúde mental e 90% nem se quer incluem crianças e adolescentes em suas políticas de saúde mental. A Guiné-Bissau conta apenas com um único Centro de Saúde Mental e não possui Política de Saúde Mental, fazendo parte dos 40% das nações que não possuem uma política específica relacionada com a saúde mental. A literatura científica sobre prevalência das doenças mentais na Guiné-Bissau é tão escassa que o último estudo data de 1991, no qual se concretizou o défice na identificação da doença mental na pessoa que procura os cuidados de saúde. Se a pesquisa se direcionar para as conceções e representações da doença mental na Guiné- Bissau, então a evidência científica é ainda mais deficitária. Os estudos sobre as representações sociais da doença mental, especialmente junto de estudantes e profissionais de saúde pode ser um fator importante para que se possa compreender de que forma estes profissionais encaram e podem ajudar a pessoa com doença mental. A compreensão da doença mental é condiciona por diversos determinais sociais, nos quais se incluem a educação, a idade, o género, a cultura, as crenças religiosas. Também as práticas religiosas e culturais parecem ter uma grande influência na perceção dos guineenses sobre a doença mental, o que, juntamente com a baixa literacia contribuem para a estigmatização da pessoa com doença mental. Neste sentido, este estudo pretende dar a conhecer as representações da doença mental nos estudantes e profissionais, da área da saúde, na Guiné-Bissau mental, considerando que são estes profissionais capacitados para melhorar a literacia da saúde mental na comunidade. Metodologia: Estudo de abordagem qualitativa e caráter exploratório com recurso a entrevistas semiestruturadas. Foram incluídas 9 pessoas (3 estudantes de enfermagem, 2 estudantes de medicina, 2 enfermeiros (sendo 1 do centro de saúde mental e 1 do centro de saúde de Quelele), 2 médicos (1 afeto ao Centro de Saúde Mental ?Osvaldo Máximo Vieira? e 1 do Centro de Saúde de Quelele), na Guiné-Bissau. Resultados: Dos dados analisados emergiram dois domínios: Representações sobre a Doença Mental, Representações sobre a Pessoa com Doença Mental. Das Representações sobre a Doença Mental, emergem categorias relacionadas com: Conceção da Doença Mental; Causas da Doença Mental, Tratamento da Doença Mental e Doença Mental relacionada com o Sobrenatural. Das Representações sobre a Pessoa com Doença Mental, emergem as seguintes categorias: A pessoa com Doença Mental, Impacto da Doença Mental. Conclusões: O estudo permitiu compreender a representação da doença mental junto dos profissionais e estudantes de saúde na Guiné-Bissau. Dos dados compreendemos que os participantes têm uma representação da doença mental, e uma representação da pessoa que tem doença mental. Essas representações, de certa forma, parecem ser influenciadas pela formação biomédica, crença religiosa e valores culturais de cada um. A integração da saúde mental nos cuidados de saúde primários em todas as regiões e áreas sanitárias, associados a outros serviços de saúde mental a nível de atenção secundária e terciária podem ser o caminho para uma abordagem compreensiva e menos estigmatizante para com pessoa com doença mental. Esta integração exige uma priorização de formação e qualificação dos recursos humanos que inclua uma abordagem do ser humano de forma integrada, intervenções psicoeducativas, com foco em literacia em saúde mental, realizadas individualmente e em grupo.

Repercussões da COVID-19 na saúde mental de trabalhadores nos centros de atenção psicossocial / COVID-19 mental health repercussions in the workforce at community mental health centres / Repercusiones de la COVID-19 en la salud mental de los trabajadores de centros de salud mental

Objetivo: identificar os diferentes perfis de trabalhadores de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) e investigar suas características sociodemográficas e de saúde mental no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: foram convidados os 127 trabalhadores de seis CAPS da cidade de Pelotas ­ RS, dos quais 82 participaram (taxa de resposta de 67%); os questionários PHQ-9 e GHQ-12 foram aplicados para rastreamento de sintomas depressivos e transtornos mentais comuns, sendo realizada uma análise de clusters. Resultados: os agrupamentos exibiram elevada homogeneidade interna e heterogeneidade externa, permitindo observar associações com as variáveis explicativas e diferenças entre os clusters, que revelam potenciais riscos para depressão e transtornos mentais comuns. Conclusão: os trabalhadores da saúde mental estão expostos a riscos para a saúde mental, sendo necessário compreender o impacto da pandemia da COVID-19 nestes trabalhadores e dar subsídios para atender às suas necessidades. (AU).

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify different profiles of workers of Community Mental Health Centres and their socio demographic and mental health characteristics in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: 127 workers from six Centres in the city of Pelotas, South Brazil, were invited to a survey and 82 applied (67% response rate); PHQ-9 and GHQ-12 questionnaires were used to the screening of depressive symptoms and common mental health problems and a cluster analysis was performed. Results: clusters showed high internal homogeneity and external heterogeneity, with associations between explanatory variables and differences among clusters, which reveal potential risks for depression and common mental disorders. Conclusion: mental health workers are exposed to risks, and it is necessary to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of these workers to support your needs. (AU).

Objetivo: identificar los diferentes perfiles de trabajadores de los Centros de Atención Psicosocial y sus características sociodemográficas y de salud mental en relación con la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: de los 127 trabajadores invitados de los 6 Centros en de Pelotas, Sur de Brasil, 82 contestaron (tasa de respuesta de 67%); los cuestionarios PHQ-9 e GHQ-12 fueron utilizados para rastreo de síntomas depresivos y trastornos mentales comunes y se hizo una análisis de conglomerados. Resultados: los conglomerados exhibieron alta homogeneidad interna y heterogeneidad externa, permitiendo observar asociaciones con variables explicativas y diferencias entre conglomerados, que revelan riesgos de depresión y trastornos mentales comunes. Conclusión: los trabajadores de la salud mental tienen riesgos para la salud mental siendo necesario comprender el impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en estos trabajadores y proporcionar subsidios para el apoyo a sus necesidades. (AU).

Rotina, possibilidades e desafios familiares de crianças e adolescentes com adoecimento mental acompanhados pelo Centro de Atenção Psicossocial / Routine, possibilities and family challenges of children and adolescents with mental disorders assisted in the Psychosocial Care Center

Objetivo: Comprender las representaciones sociales de familiares de personas menores de edad en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial sobre este servicio. Método: Se trata de una investigación de enfoque cualitativo y exploratorio basada en el marco teórico-metodológico de representaciones sociales, desarrollada con 19 familiares en un servicio situado en el interior del Pernambuco, Brasil, después de la aprobación por el Comité de Ética (CAAE 66524717.2.0000.5196). Se utilizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas como técnica para la recolección de datos, procesadas por el software Iramuteq, con posterior análisis de contenido de Bardin para la interpretación de los datos, mostrándolos gráficamente a través del dendrograma. Resultados: Los familiares basan sus representaciones en la rutina establecida por el servicio, la cual se vuelve parte de su vida diaria y juega un papel importante en la interacción social de las personas participantes. Además, en las posibilidades que tanto la misma persona atendida como toda la familia desarrollan a través de la acogida y el acompañamiento. Por último, en los desafíos que aún quedan por delante para una atención más eficaz. Conclusión: Las personas participantes representaron al servicio como importante para establecer una rutina que, si bien modifica la vida diaria de todas las personas integrantes de la familia, juega un valioso papel en su interacción social.

Objetivo: Compreender as representações sociais de familiares das crianças e adolescentes acompanhados por um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil acerca deste serviço. Método: Trata-se de pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa e exploratória embasada no referencial teórico-metodológico das Representações Sociais, desenvolvida com 19 familiares das crianças e adolescentes em um serviço localizado no sertão médio de Pernambuco, Brasil, após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética (CAAE 66524717.2.0000.5196). Foi utilizada como técnica para coleta de dados entrevistas semiestruturadas, processadas pelo software Iramuteq, com posterior Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin para interpretação dos dados, expondo-os graficamente através do dendrograma. Resultados: Os familiares pautaram suas representações na rotina estabelecida pelo serviço, que passa a fazer parte do seu cotidiano e desempenha importante função na interação social dos participantes; nas possibilidades que o mesmo desenvolve na criança/adolescente e em toda a família que frequenta o espaço através do acolhimento e acompanhamento; e nos desafios que ainda se colocam para o cuidado mais efetivo. Conclusão: Os participantes representaram o CAPSij como um serviço importante por estabelecer uma rotina que, embora modifique o cotidiano de todos os membros familiares, desempenha valorosa função na interação social dos usuários.

Objective: To understand the social representations of family members of children and adolescents with mental disorders about the Psychosocial Care Center. Method: This was a qualitative and exploratory research based on the theoretical and methodological Social Representations framework developed with 19 family members in a service located in the middle backlands of Pernambuco, Brazil; this happened after the Ethics Committee (CAAE 66524717.2.0000.5196) approval. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews processed by the Iramuteq software; they were later interpreted through the Bardin's Content Analysis, displaying them graphically through a dendrogram. Results: The family members base their representations on the routine established by the service, which becomes part of their daily lives and plays an important role in: the social interaction of the participants, the possibilities that the service develops for the child/adolescent and in the whole family that attends the space through welcoming and monitoring, and the challenges that are still faced for a more effective care. Conclusion: The participants represented the service as important for establishing a routine that, despite the fact that it modifies the daily life of all family members, plays a valuable function in the user's social interaction.