Experiência de psicólogas(os) brasileiras(os) com atendimento psicológico online durante a primeira onda da pandemia de covid-19 / Brazilian psychologists' experience with online psychotherapy during the first wave of the covid-19 pandemic / Experiencia de los psicólogos brasileños con la atención psicológica en línea durante la primera ola de la pandemia de la covid-19

Com a emergência da pandemia de Covid-19, as(os) psicólogas(os) passaram a oferecer atendimento online para pacientes que até então eram atendidos de forma presencial. Na maior parte dos casos, essa mudança se deu de forma improvisada e sem capacitação prévia. Nesse contexto, este estudo, de caráter descritivo-exploratório, quanti-qualitativo e com delineamento transversal, buscou compreender a experiência das(os) psicólogas(os) na transição das intervenções da modalidade presencial para o atendimento remoto durante a pandemia de Covid-19 no Brasil, identificando dificuldades e lacunas percebidas nas orientações disponibilizadas pelo Conselho Federal de Psicologia. Participaram da pesquisa 385 psicólogas(os). Utilizou-se um questionário online para a coleta dos dados, distribuído por meio de uma plataforma digital entre maio e novembro de 2020. O estudo também foi divulgado em grupos da categoria profissional da psicologia em diversas redes sociais. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados por meio de análise estatística descritiva, e as respostas para as questões abertas por meio de análise temática reflexiva. Os achados foram organizados em três categorias temáticas: (a) lacunas percebidas nas orientações quanto à escolha da plataforma digital; (b) lacunas quanto ao preenchimento do cadastro no site E-Psi ; e (c) falta de treinamento adequado para realizar a transição para o formato online. Entre os principais resultados, destacaram-se a insegurança gerada pela falta de preparo prévio das(os) profissionais e a resistência de alguns clientes a aceitar a transposição dos atendimentos do modelo presencial para o online. Espera-se que o mapeamento das principais dificuldades enfrentadas pela categoria contribua para qualificar o debate sobre a efetividade das orientações disponibilizadas para as(os) psicólogas(os).(AU)

With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, psychologists began to offer online consultations to their patients, who were previously seen in person. In most cases, this change happened in an improvised way and with no prior training required. In this context, this study, of a descriptive-exploratory, quanti-qualitative character with cross-sectional design, aimed to understand the experience of psychologists in the transition from in-person to remote modality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, identifying difficulties and gaps regarding the guidelines provided by the Federal Council of Psychology. A total of 385 psychologists participated in the research. An online questionnaire was used for data collection, distributed via a digital platform between May and November 2020. The study was also shared in professional Psychology groups on several social networks. The quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis, and the answers to the open questions by reflective thematic analysis. The findings were organized into three thematic categories: (a) gaps perceived in the guidance regarding the choice of the digital platform; (b) gaps regarding the completion of the registration on the E-Psi website; and (c) lack of adequate training to make the transition to the online format. Among the main results were the insecurity generated by the lack of previous preparation of the professionals and the resistance of some clients to accept the transposition of the face-to-face services to the online model. It is expected that the mapping of the main difficulties faced by the category will contribute to qualify the debate about the effectiveness of the orientations made available to psychologists.(AU)

Con la emergencia de la pandemia de Covid-19, las(os) psicólogas(os) comenzaron a ofrecer atención psicológica en línea a pacientes que hasta entonces eran atendidos de forma presencial. Este cambio se producía a menudo de forma improvisada y sin la formación previa necesaria. Este estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, cuanticualitativo, con enfoque transversal, tuvo como objetivo comprender la experiencia de estos profesionales en la transición del trabajo presencial al remoto durante la pandemia de Covid-19 en Brasil, identificando dificultades y lagunas percibidas en las directrices del Consejo Federal de Psicología. Participaron en la investigación 385 psicólogos(as). Para la recogida de datos se utilizó un cuestionario en línea distribuido por plataforma digital entre mayo y noviembre de 2020. El estudio también se difundió en grupos de la categoría profesional de la Psicología en diversas redes sociales. Los datos cuantitativos se analizaron mediante análisis estadístico descriptivo, y las respuestas a las preguntas abiertas mediante análisis temático reflexivo. Los resultados se organizaron en tres categorías temáticas: (a) lagunas percibidas en la orientación sobre la elección de la plataforma digital; (b) lagunas relativas a la realización de la inscripción en el sitio web E-Psi ; y (c) falta de formación adecuada para realizar la transición al formato en línea. Entre los principales resultados, destacaron la inseguridad generada por la falta de preparación previa de los profesionales y la resistencia de algunos clientes a aceptar la transición de los servicios del modelo presencial al modelo en línea. Se espera que el estudio de las principales dificultades a las que se enfrenta la categoría contribuya a matizar el debate sobre la eficacia de las orientaciones puestas a disposición de los(as) psicólogos(as).(AU)

Health education website on home care for newborns: construction, validation, and evaluation / Sitio web educativo en salud sobre cuidados domiciliarios del recién nacido: construcción, validación y evaluación / Sitio Website educacional em saúde sobre cuidados domiciliares com recém-nascidos: construção, validação e avaliação

Objective: to build, validate, and evaluate an educational health website on home care for newborns for use by pregnant women, postpartum women, and family members. Method: methodological study developed according to the Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate model. After construction, the website was validated by 20 experts and evaluated by 20 individuals from the target audience, and the data wasanalyzed according to the Concordance Index with a cut-off point equal to or greater than 0.7 (70%). Results: in the validation, the Concordance Index for all the items was higher than 0.7 (70%), with a variation between 0.75 (75%) and 1 (100%), reaching an overall average value of 0.91 (91%). In the evaluation, all the items got top marks, with anoverall average value of 1 (100%). Conclusion: the educational website was built, validated, and evaluated in a satisfactory manner. It can be considered an appropriate tool for its purpose, with benefits in the teaching-learning process for families regarding postnatal home care fornewborns through its use. It can also be used to educate students and health professionals. The website is available for free access via laptops, computers, smartphones, or tablets.

Objetivo: construir, validar y evaluar un sitio web educativo en salud sobre cuidados domiciliarios del recién nacido para uso de mujeres embarazadas, puérperas y sus familias. Método: estudio metodológico desarrollado según el modelo Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement and Evaluate . Luego de su construcción, el sitio web fue validado por 20 expertos y evaluado por 20 personas del público objetivo, y los datos analizados según el Índice de Concordancia con un punto de corte igual o superior a 0,7 (70%). Resultados: en la validación, el Índice de Concordancia para todas las cuestiones fue superior a 0,7 (70%), con una variación entre 0,75 (75%) y 1 (100%), alcanzando un valor promedio general de 0,91 (91%). En la evaluación, todos los ítems obtuvieron la máxima puntuación, con un valor medio global de 1 (100%). Conclusión: el sitio web educativo fue construido, validado y evaluado de manera satisfactoria y puede ser considerado una herramienta adecuada para su objetivo, aportando beneficios al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las familias sobre el cuidado domiciliario posparto del recién nacido por medio de su uso. Además, también se puede aplicar a la educación de estudiantes y profesionales de la salud. El sitio web está disponible para acceso libre y gratuito por medio de notebooks , computadoras, smartphones o tablets .

Objetivo: construir, validar e avaliar um website educacional em saúde sobre os cuidados domiciliares com os recém-nascidos para uso de gestantes, puérperas e familiares. Método: estudo metodológico desenvolvido conforme o modelo Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement and Evaluate . Após a construção, o website foi validado por 20 experts e avaliado por 20 indivíduos do público-alvo e os dados analisados conforme Índice de Concordância com ponto de corte igual ou maior a 0,7 (70%). Resultados: na validação, o Índice de Concordância de todos os quesitos foi maior do que 0,7 (70%), com variação entre 0,75 (75%) e 1 (100%), alcançando valor médio global de 0,91 (91%). Na avaliação, todos os itens obtiveram nota máxima, com valor médio global de 1 (100%). Conclusão: o website educacional foi construído, validado e avaliado de maneira satisfatória, pode ser considerado uma ferramenta adequada ao seu objetivo, com benefícios no processo de ensino-aprendizagem das famílias, quanto ao cuidado pós-natal domiciliar com os recém-nascidos mediante sua utilização. Além disso, também pode ser aplicada na educação de estudantes e profissionais de saúde. O website encontra-se disponível para o acesso livre e gratuito por meio de notebooks , computadores, smartphones ou tablets .

Prevalence of internet addiction and psychological factors in adolescents during the covid-19 pandemic / Prevalência de dependência da internet e fatores psicológicos em adolescentes durante a pandemia de covid-19 / Prevalencia de la adicción a internet y factores psicológicos en adolescentes durante la pandemia de la covid-19

Addictive behaviors related to Internet are becoming more common and this tool has been essential once it enables home office, entertainment, homeschooling, and easy access to information. Despite the easiness brought by technology, the exaggerated use has affected users in different ways, including in the development of psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to assess internet addiction, depression, anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), attention, impulsivity, and stress in 48 adolescents (26 young women and 22 young men), aged from 15 to 18 years, with a mean age of 16.74 (0.61), mostly students of public schools, during COVID-19, to investigate correlations between these variables according to sex and sociodemographic aspects. To assess the factors, the Internet Addiction Test (IAT); the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale (SNAP-IV) Questionnaire ; the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale for brazilian adolescents (EDAE-A); the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11); and a sociodemographic questionnaire were applied. The data collection was performed in schools located in southern Brazil. The results indicated that 12 out of 48 adolescents were considered addicted to the Internet. Moreover, Internet addiction was a predictor of depression in regression analysis (p<0.001). In addition, participants classified as more addicted to the Internet scored lower averages in general attention (p<0.035) and higher averages in behavioral symptoms of inattention and ADHD (p<0.050), stress (p<0.003), anxiety (p<0.016), and depression (p<0.015), with effect sizes ranging from moderate to high. Therefore, the intense internet use by adolescents might cause psychological consequences such as depression in adolescents. Family support and professional intervention might help in the reduction of symptoms and consequences of internet addiction as well as in its prevention.(AU)

A dependência de internet é cada vez mais comum, pois essa ferramenta tem se tornado imprescindível, uma vez que possibilita home office, entretenimento, educação domiciliar e fácil acesso às informações. No entanto, o uso exagerado da tecnologia afeta os usuários de diversas formas, inclusive no desenvolvimento de transtornos psiquiátricos. Este estudo visou avaliar a dependência de internet, depressão, ansiedade, hiperatividade, atenção, impulsividade e estresse em 48 adolescentes (26 meninas e 22 meninos) de 15 a 18 anos, com idade média de 16,74 (0,61), estudantes de escolas públicas do Sul do Brasil durante a covid-19, para investigar correlações entre as variáveis anteriores de acordo com gênero e aspectos sociodemográficos. Para avaliar, aplicou-se o Internet Addiction Test (IAT), um teste de atenção, escala SNAP IV, escala de depressão, ansiedade e estresse para adolescentes (EDAE-A), escala de impulsividade de Barratt e um questionário sociodemográfico. Os resultados indicaram que 12 adolescentes foram considerados viciados em internet, e que a dependência desta foi preditora da depressão na análise de regressão (p < 0,001). Ainda, os participantes classificados como adictos tiveram médias mais baixas em atenção geral (p < 0,035) e mais altas em sintomas comportamentais de desatenção e hiperatividade (p < 0,050), estresse (p < 0,003), ansiedade (p < 0,016) e depressão (p < 0,015), com efeitos que variaram de moderado a alto. Portanto, o uso intenso da internet por adolescentes pode ter consequências psicológicas, como a depressão. Bom apoio familiar e intervenção profissional podem ajudar na redução dos sintomas e consequências, bem como na prevenção da dependência.(AU)

La adicción a Internet es cada vez más habitual, puesto que esta herramienta es esencial para el trabajo remoto, el entretenimiento, la educación domiciliar y el fácil acceso a la información. Sin embargo, su uso exagerado afecta a la vida de las personas de diferentes maneras, incluso en el desarrollo de trastornos psiquiátricos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la adicción a Internet, depresión, ansiedad, hiperactividad, atención, impulsividad y estrés en 48 adolescentes (26 muchachas y 22 muchachos), de entre 15 y 18 años, con una edad promedio de 16,74 (0,61), en su mayoría estudiantes de escuelas públicas del Sur de Brasil, durante la pandemia de la COVID-19, para investigar las correlaciones entre las variables mencionadas según género y aspectos sociodemográficos. Para evaluar los factores, se aplicaron el Test de Adicción a Internet (TAI), un test de atención, la escala SNAP IV, la Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés para adolescentes (EDAE-A), la escala de impulsividad de Barratt y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Los resultados indicaron que 12 adolescentes fueron considerados adictos a Internet, además, la adicción a Internet fue un predictor de la depresión en el análisis de regresión (p<0,001). Igualmente, los participantes clasificados como más adictos a Internet tuvieron promedios más bajos en atención general (p<0,035), y más altos en síntomas conductuales de falta de atención e hiperactividad (p<0,050), estrés (p<0,003), ansiedad (p<0,016) y depresión (p<0,015), con efectos que varían de moderado a alto. Por lo tanto, el uso intenso podría producir consecuencias psicológicas como la depresión en los adolescentes. Tener un buen apoyo familiar e intervención profesional puede ayudar a reducir los síntomas y las consecuencias de la adicción a Internet, así como prevenirla.(AU)

Analysis of Data Reception in the Communication Layer Applied to an Architecture of Mobile Sensor Networks in Marine Environments.

This paper is focused on the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology operating at 125 kHz in a communication layer for a network of mobile and static nodes in marine environments, with a specific focus on the Underwater Internet of Things (UIoT). The analysis is divided into two main sections: characterizing the penetration depth at different frequencies and evaluating the probabilities of data reception between antennas of static nodes and a terrestrial antenna considering the line of sight (LoS) between antennas. The results indicate that the use of RFID technology at 125 kHz allows for data reception with a penetration depth of 0.6116 dB/m, demonstrating its suitability for data communication in marine environments. In the second part of the analysis, we examine the probabilities of data reception between static-node antennas at different heights and a terrestrial antenna at a specific height. Wave samples recorded in Playa Sisal, Yucatan, Mexico, are used for this analysis. The findings show a maximum reception probability of 94.5% between static nodes with an antenna at a height of 0 m and a 100% data reception probability between a static node and the terrestrial antenna when the static-node antennas are optimally positioned at a height of 1 m above sea level. Overall, this paper provides valuable insights into the application of RFID technology in marine environments for the UIoT, considering the minimization of impacts on marine fauna. The results suggest that by adjusting the characteristics of the RFID system, the proposed architecture can be effectively implemented to expand the monitoring area, considering variables both underwater and on the surface of the marine environment.

Cooperative Multiband Spectrum Sensing Using Radio Environment Maps and Neural Networks.

Cogitive radio networks (CRNs) require high capacity and accuracy to detect the presence of licensed or primary users (PUs) in the sensed spectrum. In addition, they must correctly locate the spectral opportunities (holes) in order to be available to nonlicensed or secondary users (SUs). In this research, a centralized network of cognitive radios for monitoring a multiband spectrum in real time is proposed and implemented in a real wireless communication environment through generic communication devices such as software-defined radios (SDRs). Locally, each SU uses a monitoring technique based on sample entropy to determine spectrum occupancy. The determined features (power, bandwidth, and central frequency) of detected PUs are uploaded to a database. The uploaded data are then processed by a central entity. The objective of this work was to determine the number of PUs, their carrier frequency, bandwidth, and the spectral gaps in the sensed spectrum in a specific area through the construction of radioelectric environment maps (REMs). To this end, we compared the results of classical digital signal processing methods and neural networks performed by the central entity. Results show that both proposed cognitive networks (one working with a central entity using typical signal processing and one performing with neural networks) accurately locate PUs and give information to SUs to transmit, avoiding the hidden terminal problem. However, the best-performing cognitive radio network was the one working with neural networks to accurately detect PUs on both carrier frequency and bandwidth.

Comparison of Collaborative and Cooperative Schemes in Sensor Networks for Non-Invasive Monitoring of People at Home.

This paper looks at wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in healthcare, where they can monitor patients remotely. WSNs are considered one of the most promising technologies due to their flexibility and autonomy in communication. However, routing protocols in WSNs must be energy-efficient, with a minimal quality of service, so as not to compromise patient care. The main objective of this work is to compare two work schemes in the routing protocol algorithm in WSNs (cooperative and collaborative) in a home environment for monitoring the conditions of the elderly. The study aims to optimize the performance of the algorithm and the ease of use for people while analyzing the impact of the sensor network on the analysis of vital signs daily using medical equipment. We found relationships between vital sign metrics that have a more significant impact in the presence of a monitoring system. Finally, we conduct a performance analysis of both schemes proposed for the home tracking application and study their usability from the user's point of view.

The Development of Sustainable Engineering with PjBL during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Sustainable Engineering education must provide cyber-physical and distributed systems competencies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), to contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). The COVID-19 pandemic caused profound impacts arising from a traditional on-site teaching model rupture and demanded distance learning for engineering students. In this context, we considered the following Research Questions (RQ): How can Project Based Learning (PjBL) be applied in hardware and software courses from the Engineering curriculum to foster practical activities during the COVID-19 pandemic? Is the student performance in the fully remote offering comparable to the face-to-face offering? (RQ1); Which Sustainable Development Goals are related to the Engineering students' project themes? (RQ2). Regarding RQ1, we present how PjBL was applied in first-, third- and fifth-year Computer Engineering Courses to support 31 projects of 81 future engineers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Student grades in a Software Engineering course indicate no relevant differences between student performance in remote and face-to-face offerings. Regarding RQ2, most Computer Engineering students from the Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo in 2020 and 2021 decided to create projects related to SDG 3-Good Health and Well-being, SDG 8-Decent Work and Economic Growth and SDG 11-Sustainable Cities and Communities. Most projects were related to health and well-being, which was an expected behavior according to how health issues were brought into highlight during the pandemic.

Prioritization-Driven Congestion Control in Networks for the Internet of Medical Things: A Cross-Layer Proposal.

Real-life implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT) in healthcare requires sufficient quality of service (QoS) to transmit the collected data successfully. However, unsolved challenges in prioritization and congestion issues limit the functionality of IoT networks by increasing the likelihood of packet loss, latency, and high-power consumption in healthcare systems. This study proposes a priority-based cross-layer congestion control protocol called QCCP, which is managed by communication devices' transport and medium access control (MAC) layers. Unlike existing methods, the novelty of QCCP is how it estimates and resolves wireless channel congestion because it does not generate control packets, operates in a distributed manner, and only has a one-bit overhead. Furthermore, at the same time, QCCP offers packet scheduling considering each packet's network load and QoS. The results of the experiments demonstrated that with a 95% confidence level, QCCP achieves sufficient performance to support the QoS requirements for the transmission of health signals. Finally, the comparison study shows that QCCP outperforms other TCP protocols, with 64.31% higher throughput, 18.66% less packet loss, and 47.87% less latency.

Evaluation on the information about absolute and relative indications of cesarean sections available on popular websites / Avaliação das informações sobre indicações absolutas e relativas de cesarianas disponíveis em sites populares

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the reliability of information available on popular websites, in other words, websites aimed lay pregnant women, about absolute and relative indications for cesarean sections. Methods: this was a descriptive/comparative study based on the popular websites most likely to be visited by lay pregnant women and that contained information about indications for absolute and relative cesarean sections. Cohen's Kappa index of agreement was used to analyze the reliability degree on the indications for cesarean sections presented on the websites and the scientific evidence. Results: there was a higher prevalence (62.63%) of information on the indications for cesarean sections that did not mention whether the indication was absolute or relative, and of these indications, 40.74% were not indications for cesarean sections. Low agreement was also observed among websites and the scientific evidence when the website mentioned the indication for cesarean section was absolute or relative. Conclusion: this study showed that the reliability of the information on absolute and relative indications for cesarean sections available in popular websites is questionable.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a confiabilidade das informações disponíveis em sites populares, ou seja, sites voltados para gestantes leigas, sobre indicações absolutas e relativas de cesarianas. Métodos: estudo descritivo/comparativo, baseado nos sites populares mais prováveis de serem visitados por gestantes leigas e que traziam informações sobre as indicações de cesarianas absolutas e relativas. Para analisar o grau de confiabilidade das indicações de cesarianas apresentadas pelos sites e a evidência cientifica, foi realizado o índice de concordância de Kappa de Cohen. Resultados: houve maior prevalência (62,63%) de informações de indicações de cesarianas que não mencionavam se a indicação apresentada era absoluta ou relativa, sendo que destas, 40,74% não eram indicações de cesarianas. Observou-se, concordância baixa entre os sites e a evidência cientifica quando o site mencionava que a indicação de cesariana era absoluta ou relativa. Conclusão: este estudo demonstrou que a confiabilidade das informações acerca das indicações absolutas e relativas de cesarianas disponíveis em sites populares é questionável

Uso de las plataformas tecnológicas para generar campañas exitosas de comunicación en salud / Use of technological platforms to generate successful health communication campaigns

Fundamento: el papel de las plataformas tecnológicas es radical en cualquier propuesta de comunicación en salud, máxime si va dirigida a estudiantes universitarios con el fin de generar campañas exitosas en la población. Objetivo: identificar los componentes teórico-metodológicos y prácticos que sustentan el uso de las nuevas tecnologías, desde su enfoque social, junto con los aportes específicos de las plataformas virtuales, para la implementación de una propuesta de comunicación en salud. Métodos: se realizó una investigación con enfoque cualitativo, en la Universidad Católica de Cuenca, carrera de Medicina durante septiembre 2021-marzo 2022. Se emplearon métodos teóricos y empíricos: entrevistas en profundidad, revisión documental y grupos focales. Resultados: se evidenció falta de conocimientos por los estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina sobre los modelos de comunicación y su implementación con el uso de nuevas tecnologías referentes a campañas preventivas de salud. Se identificaron los componentes teórico-metodológicos y prácticos que sustentan el uso de las nuevas tecnologías, junto con los aportes específicos de las plataformas virtuales para la implementación de una propuesta de comunicación en salud sobre promoción de estilos de vida saludables y prevención de enfermedades, la cual fue valorada por criterios de expertos. Conclusiones: el producto diseñado resultó adecuado: proporcionó que los docentes, estudiantes médicos, futuros profesionales y funcionarios de la salud estén mejor preparados para comunicar, de forma efectiva, campañas de prevención y cuidado en salud, en disímiles contextos más allá del entorno nacional.

Background: the role of technological platforms is radical in any health communication proposal, especially if it is aimed at university students in order to generate successful campaigns in the population. Objective: to identify the theoretical-methodological and practical components that support the use of new technologies, from their social approach, together with the specific contributions of virtual platforms, for the implementation of a health communication proposal. Methods: an investigation with a qualitative approach was carried out at the Catholic University of Cuenca, Medicine degree from September 2021 to March 2022. Theoretical and empirical methods were used: in-depth interviews, documentary review and focal groups. Results: lack of knowledge was evidenced by the students of the Medicine degree about communication models and their implementation with the use of new technologies related to preventive health campaigns. The theoretical-methodological and practical components that support the use of new technologies were identified, together with the specific contributions of virtual platforms for the implementation of a health communication proposal on the promotion of healthy lifestyles and disease prevention, which was valued by expert criteria. Conclusions: the designed product was adequate: it provided that teachers, medical students, future professionals and health managers get prepared to effectively communicate prevention and health care campaigns in dissimilar contexts beyond the national environment.

Tecnologías 2.0 para la innovación y el desarrollo comunicacional en salud / Technologies 2.0 for innovation and communication development in health

Fundamento: las tecnologías 2.0 y las redes sociales son herramientas de comunicación que permiten a los usuarios compartir noticias; por lo que han tomado gran importancia para las autoridades sanitarias en Ecuador en temas de salud. Objetivo: indagar sobre el plan de comunicación digital que divulgó el Ministerio de Salud Pública, a través de su cuenta en Facebook, para mantener a los ciudadanos informados sobre las medidas de bioseguridad contra la COVID-19 y su contribución a la educación en salud. Métodos: se realizó una investigación con enfoque cualitativo en la página oficial de Facebook del Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador durante los meses enero-julio de 2021. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos para la fundamentación de la investigación y empíricos: la observación y la entrevista a profesionales relacionados con el rubro de la comunicación digital. Resultados: la campaña #JuntosPorLaSalud fue desarrollada bajo un estilo de tipo informativo y de tono formal para la creación de contenidos con imágenes; además como protocolo de seguridad de la información se colocó la palabra FALSO, una marca de agua para mostrar el fraude y el mal uso interpretativo de los post en tiempos de pandemia; de esta manera mantuvo un margen institucional respetable y de credibilidad frente a los usuarios. Conclusiones: el plan comunicacional digital divulgado en Facebook sirvió como un canalizador y altavoz de los mensajes emitidos por la institución; en todo momento se logró mantener a los usuarios informados sobre temas de prevención, bioseguridad y vacunas contra la COVID-19.

Background: 2.0 technologies and social networks are communication tools that allow users to share news; therefore, they have taken on great importance on health issues for the health authorities in Ecuador. Objective: to inquire about the digital communication plan published by the Ministry of Public Health, through its Facebook account, to keep citizens informed about biosecurity measures against COVID-19 and its contribution to health education. Methods: an investigation with a qualitative approach was carried out on the official Facebook page of the Ministry of Public Health of Ecuador from January to July 2021. Theoretical methods were used to support the investigation and empirical ones: observation and interview with professionals related to the field of digital communication. Results: the #JuntosPorLaSalud campaign was developed under an informative style and a formal tone for the creation of content with images; in addition, as an information security protocol, the word FALSE was placed, a watermark to show fraud and misuse of posts in times of pandemic; In this way, it maintained a respectable institutional margin and credibility with respect to users. Conclusions: the digital communication plan disclosed on Facebook served as a channel and loudspeaker for the messages issued by the institution; at all times it was possible to keep users informed on issues of prevention, biosecurity and vaccines against COVID-19.

Elaboração e validação de um portal de informações sobre prevenção combinada da infecção pelo HIV / Development and validation of an information portal on combined prevention of HIV infection

Introdução: A infecção pelo Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV) ainda constitui um desafio global capaz de gerar impactos sociais, econômicos e de saúde, assim como de repercutir nos custos hospitalares, nos indicadores de morbimortalidade e nas diferentes dimensões que constituem a qualidade de vida da população. Por ser considerada uma condição crônica, complexa e difícil controle, a incorporação de tecnologias nas práticas assistenciais é amplamente referenciada, podendo refletir na ampliação do acesso à informação e na combinação entre duas ou mais estratégias para prevenção. Objetivo: Construir e validar um portal de informações sobre prevenção combinada da infecção pelo HIV. Método: Estudo metodológico conduzido em quatro etapas: definição, arquitetura, design e implementação. A estruturação do conteúdo foi fundamentada na literatura científica, assim como nas diretrizes, recomendações clínicas e protocolos assistenciais para prevenção combinada do HIV. Participaram do processo de validação 24 enfermeiros com conhecimento, atuação clínica e produção científica na área de interesse, bem como 23 juízes de informática que avaliaram a qualidade da interface, layout, diagramação, formato das telas, disposição dos botões de navegação, qualidade estética e audiovisual. Ainda, a tecnologia foi apreciada pelo público-alvo, expresso por 24 pessoas consideradas como população chave. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da plataforma virtual Research Electronic Data Capture, empregando-se uma escala do tipo Likert para fins de consenso. Para análise, utilizou-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo, sendo considerado satisfatórios os escores iguais ou superiores a 0,80. Este estudo obteve aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, e o parecer favorável à realização foi emitido por meio do processo número 5.068.52. Resultados: A versão final do portal de comunicação e informação foi denominado PREVINAIDST e direcionada para prevenção combinada do HIV na população geral. O processo de validação por especialistas em saúde evidenciou indicador global de concordância satisfatório (0,94), assim como boa impressão geral (0,96), conteúdo (0,98) e linguagem (1,00) adequados, relevância (0,96), elevado potencial de atratividade (0,91) e inovação (0,90). Para os juízes de informática, a tecnologia também foi considerada válida ao apresentar escore global de concordância de 0,97. Outras dimensões avaliadas indicam que o recurso informacional é de fácil navegação (0,96), apresentando qualidade de interface (0,96), estética e audiovisual (0,99). Na mesma perspectiva das avaliações anteriores, o portal foi considerado válido, inovador (0,98), atrativo (0,98) e de fácil uso (0,83) pela população alvo. Conclusão: A trajetória percorrida para desenvolvimento do portal conferiu sustentação científica, tecnológica e operacional, configurando-o como recurso assistencial inovador e relevante por reunir evidências válidas, seguras, precisas, objetivas e favoráveis à educação combinada, à informação e à prevenção combinada do HIV em diferentes contextos e níveis de atenção à saúde

Introdution: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection still poses a global challenge capable of generating social, economic, and health impacts, as well as impacting hospital costs, morbidity and mortality indicators, and the different dimensions that constitute the quality of life of the population. As it is considered a chronic, complex, and difficult to control condition, the incorporation of technologies into care practices is widely referenced, which may reflect in the expansion of access to information and in the combination of two or more prevention strategies. Objective: Therefore, this study aimed to construct and validate an information portal on combined prevention of HIV infection. Method:This is a methodological study conducted in four stages: definition, architecture, design, and implementation. The content structure was based on scientific literature, as well as guidelines, clinical recommendations, and care protocols for combined HIV prevention. Twenty-four nurses with knowledge, clinical practice, and scientific production in the area of interest, as well as 23 computer judges who evaluated the quality of the interface, layout, diagramming, screen format, navigation button layout, aesthetic and audiovisual quality, participated in the validation process. Additionally, the technology was appreciated by the target audience, expressed by 24 people considered as a key population. Data collection was carried out through the virtual platform Research Electronic Data Capture, using a Likert scale for consensus purposes. Content Validity Index was used for analysis, and scores equal to or greater than 0.80 were considered satisfactory. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Ribeirão Preto School of Nursing, University of São Paulo, and the favorable opinion for its implementation was issued through process number 5.068.52. Results: The final version of the communication and information portal was named PREVINAIDST and directed towards combined HIV prevention for both HIV-negative people and people living with HIV. The validation process by health experts showed a satisfactory overall agreement indicator (0.94), as well as good overall impression (0.96), adequate content (0.98) and language (1.00), relevance (0.96), high potential for attractiveness (0.91) and innovation (0.90). For the computer judges, the technology was also considered valid, with a global agreement score of 0.97. Other evaluated dimensions indicate that the informational resource is easy to navigate (0.96), presenting interface quality (0.96), aesthetic and audiovisual quality (0.99). In the same perspective as the previous evaluations, the portal was considered valid, innovative (0.98), attractive (0.98), and easy to use (0.83) by the target population. Conclusion: PREVINAIDST constitutes a valid, innovative digital information portal, enabling it as an innovative technology, accessible for the approach of combined prevention of HIV infection, and it can be of broad access in different contexts and levels of health care

Security in V2I Communications: A Systematic Literature Review.

Recently, the number of vehicles equipped with wireless connections has increased considerably. The impact of that growth in areas such as telecommunications, infotainment, and automatic driving is enormous. More and more drivers want to be part of a vehicular network, despite the implications or risks that, for instance, the openness of wireless communications, its dynamic topology, and its considerable size may bring. Undoubtedly, this trend is because of the benefits the vehicular network can offer. Generally, a vehicular network has two modes of communication (V2I and V2V). The advantage of V2I over V2V is roadside units' high computational and transmission power, which assures the functioning of early warning and driving guidance services. This paper aims to discover the principal vulnerabilities and challenges in V2I communications, the tools and methods to mitigate those vulnerabilities, the evaluation metrics to measure the effectiveness of those tools and methods, and based on those metrics, the methods or tools that provide the best results. Researchers have identified the non-resistance to attacks, the regular updating and exposure of keys, and the high dependence on certification authorities as main vulnerabilities. Thus, the authors found schemes resistant to attacks, authentication schemes, privacy protection models, and intrusion detection and prevention systems. Of the solutions for providing security analyzed in this review, the authors determined that most of them use metrics such as computational cost and communication overhead to measure their performance. Additionally, they determined that the solutions that use emerging technologies such as fog/edge/cloud computing present better results than the rest. Finally, they established that the principal challenge in V2I communication is to protect and dispose of a safe and reliable communication channel to avoid adversaries taking control of the medium.

SIPEA: Aplicación web para el Hospital Celia Sánchez Manduley en Manzanillo / SIPEA: Web Application for Celia Sánchez Manduley Hospital in Manzanillo

Anemia is the most common blood disorder in the world, affecting millions of people yearly. It has multiple causes and jeopardizes development, growth and learning. Current tools provide non-hematologist doctors with just numbers. The present paper proposes a web application intended to provide doctors at Celia Sánchez Manduley Hospital in Manzanillo with a tool for determining the morphologic type of anemia, creating a list of possible causes, and also storing patient data in a database for future researches. As an information system, the website constitutes a powerful tool for the decision-making process, in particular, the diagnostic process, intended to provide more detailed information on anemia as well as to foster the information management at the hospital. For the application, HTML, CSS, JavaScript and PHP were used as languages; Apache as a web server; CodeIgniter as a PHP framework; MariaDB as a database management system; and Visual Studio Code as a development environment(AU)

La anemia afecta a millones de personas anualmente, esta obedece a múltiples causas y compromete el crecimiento, desarrollo y aprendizaje. Las herramientas actuales ofrecen al médico no especialista en hematología solo cifras. El presente trabajo propone una aplicación web con la cual se pretende brindar a los médicos del Hospital Celia Sánchez Manduley en Manzanillo una herramienta para la determinación del tipo morfológico de anemia, la elaboración de un listado de las posibles causas que la originan, así como el almacenamiento de datos de los pacientes para futuras investigaciones, y con ello contribuir a la toma de decisiones, en particular, al proceso de diagnóstico, y a una mejor gestión de información en el hospital. Para la aplicación se utilizaron los lenguajes HTML, CSS, JavaScript y PHP, el servidor web Apache, el framework PHP CodeIgniter, el gestor de base de datos MariaDB y el entorno de desarrollo Visual Studio Code(AU)

Ministry of Health & Wellness Launches Official Website October 11, 2022 / Ministry of Health & Wellness Launches Official Website October 11, 2022

The Ministry of Health & Wellness (MoHW), through its Communications Unit and in collaboration with PAHO and other partners, announces the launch of the ministry's official website, health.gov.bz. In keeping in line with Belize's National Digital Agenda to transform government services through the integration of technology, the ministry has been working hard to develop a modern, interactive, and user-friendly website.

On the Efficient Delivery and Storage of IoT Data in Edge-Fog-Cloud Environments.

Cloud storage has become a keystone for organizations to manage large volumes of data produced by sensors at the edge as well as information produced by deep and machine learning applications. Nevertheless, the latency produced by geographic distributed systems deployed on any of the edge, the fog, or the cloud, leads to delays that are observed by end-users in the form of high response times. In this paper, we present an efficient scheme for the management and storage of Internet of Thing (IoT) data in edge-fog-cloud environments. In our proposal, entities called data containers are coupled, in a logical manner, with nano/microservices deployed on any of the edge, the fog, or the cloud. The data containers implement a hierarchical cache file system including storage levels such as in-memory, file system, and cloud services for transparently managing the input/output data operations produced by nano/microservices (e.g., a sensor hub collecting data from sensors at the edge or machine learning applications processing data at the edge). Data containers are interconnected through a secure and efficient content delivery network, which transparently and automatically performs the continuous delivery of data through the edge-fog-cloud. A prototype of our proposed scheme was implemented and evaluated in a case study based on the management of electrocardiogram sensor data. The obtained results reveal the suitability and efficiency of the proposed scheme.

Evaluating Link Lifetime Prediction to Support Computational Offloading Decision in VANETs.

In urban mobility, Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) provide a variety of intelligent applications. By enhancing automobile traffic management, these technologies enable advancements in safety and help decrease the frequency of accidents. The transportation system can now follow the development and growth of cities without sacrificing the quality and organisation of its services thanks to safety apps that include collision alerts, real-time traffic information, and safe driving applications, among others. Applications can occasionally demand a lot of computing power, making their processing impractical for cars with limited onboard processing capacity. Offloading of computation is encouraged by such a restriction. However, because vehicle mobility operations are dynamic, communication times (also known as link lifetimes) between nodes are frequently short. VANET applications and processes are impacted by such communication delays (e.g., the offloading decision when using the Computational Offloading technique). Making an accurate prediction of the link lifespan between vehicles is therefore challenging. The effectiveness of the communication time estimation is currently constrained by the link lifespan prediction methods used in the computational offloading process. This work investigates five machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict the link lifetime between nodes in VANETs in different scenarios. We propose the procedures required to carry out the link lifetime prediction method using existing ML techniques. The tactic creates datasets with the features the models need to learn and be trained. The SVR and XGBoost algorithms that were selected as part of the assessment process were trained. To make the prediction using the trained models, we modified the lifespan prediction function from an offloading approach. To determine the viability of applying link lifespan predictions from the models trained in the road and urban scenarios, we conducted a performance study. The findings indicate that compared to the conventional prediction strategy described in the literature, the suggested link lifetime prediction via regression approaches decreases prediction error rates. An offloading method from the literature is extended by the selected SVR. The task loss and recovery rates might be significantly reduced using the SVR. XGBoost outperformed its ML competitors in task recovery or drop rate by 70% to 80% in an assessed hypothesis compared to an offloading choice technique in the literature. With greater offloading rates from an application on the VANET, this effort is intended to give better efficiency in estimating this data using machine learning in various vehicular settings.

SNR Prediction with ANN for UAV Applications in IoT Networks Based on Measurements.

The 5G deployment brings forth the usage of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) to assist wireless networks by providing improved signal coverage, acting as relays or base-stations. Another technology that could help achieve 5G massive machine-type communications (mMtc) goals is the Long Range Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN) communication protocol. This paper studied these complementary technologies, LoRa and UAV, through measurement campaigns in suburban, densely forested environments. Downlink and uplink communication at different heights and spreading factors (SF) demonstrate distinct behavior through our analysis. Moreover, a neural network was trained to predict the measured signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) behavior and results compared with SNR regression models. For the downlink scenario, the neural network results show a root mean square error (RMSE) variation between 1.2322-1.6623 dB, with an error standard deviation (SD) less than 1.6730 dB. For the uplink, the RMSE variation was between 0.8714-1.3891 dB, with an error SD less than 1.1706 dB.

Modeling Radio Wave Propagation for Wireless Sensor Networks in Vegetated Environments: A Systematic Literature Review.

The use of wireless sensor networks (WSN) for monitoring variables in agricultural environments and natural forests has been increasing in recent years. However, the sizing of these systems is affected by the inaccuracy of the radio wave propagation models used, leading to possible increased costs and measurement errors. This systematic literature review (SLR) aims to identify propagation models widely used in WSN deployments in agricultural or naturally vegetated environments and their effectiveness in estimating signal losses. We also identified today's wireless technologies most used in precision agriculture (PA) system implementations. In addition, the results of studies focused on the development of new propagation models for different environments are evaluated. Scientific and technical analysis is presented based on articles consulted in different specialized databases, which were selected according to different combinations of criteria. The results show that, in most of the application cases, vegetative models present high error values when estimating attenuation.