Coste hospitalario asociado al delirium en pacientes mayores / Hospital costs associated with delirium in older medical patients

Introducción. El delirium es una complicación frecuente y potencialmente prevenible del adulto mayor hospitalizado, asociado a mayor morbilidad y mortalidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los costes asociados a delirium en pacientes mayores en un hospital universitario. Materiales y métodos. Estudio prospectivo de cohortes de pacientes de 65 años o más, ingresados en la Unidad de Agudos no Quirúrgicos. Un equipo de psicogeriatras investigaron delirium usando el Confusion Assessment Method (CAM-S) cada 48h. Se consignaron datos demográficos, duración de la estancia hospitalaria, tipo de unidad, costes de farmacia y coste total de la hospitalización. Se realizó análisis bivariado y multivariado de los costes en relación a diagnóstico de delirium y posibles variables confundentes. Resultados. Cuatrocientos cincuenta y cuatro pacientes fueron analizados, 160 (35,2%) de la cohorte con delirium y 294 (64,8%) de la cohorte sin delirium. La cohorte delirium tuvo mayor estancia hospitalaria y mortalidad del 7,0% comparado con el 1,7% del grupo control. La mediana de gasto total durante la estancia hospitalaria fue un 38,7% mayor en la cohorte con delirium versus la cohorte sin delirium (p<0,001). En el análisis ajustado por variables confundentes, el coste total es significativamente mayor en pacientes con delirium (p=0,01). Conclusiones. Este estudio confirma que la presencia de delirium se asocia a costes significativamente mayores. Considerando que la prevención del delirium es posible, conocer los costes asociados a éste puede contribuir a justificar la implementación de programas de prevención y mejorar la calidad de atención de personas mayores(AU)

Introduction Delirium is a common and serious complication in older patients, associated with increased, potentially preventable, morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associated costs of delirium during hospitalization in a university affiliated hospital in Chile. Materials and methods. Prospective cohort study of consecutive patients 65 years and older, admitted to a medical ward. A psychogeriatric team assessed patients during the first and every 48h until discharge using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM-S), length of hospital stay, pharmacy and total hospitalization costs were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using bivariate and multivariate analysis according to delirium diagnosis. Results. Data from 454 patients was analyzed, 160 of them in a delirium cohort (35.2%) and 294 in a non-delirium cohort (64.8%). The delirium cohort had a longer hospital stay (DATA) and higher mortality (7.0% versus 1.7%). The median of total costs of delirium during hospital stay was 38.7% higher than the non-delirium cohort (P<.001). Total costs were significantly higher in the delirium cohort after adjustment of covariables (P=.01). Conclusions. This study confirms that delirium is associated with significantly greater costs. Considering that effective delirium prevention is possible, the knowledge of associated costs can help health care providers to justify prevention strategies and finally give better care for older patients(AU)

Evaluation of a Medical and Mental Health Unit compared with standard care for older people whose emergency admission to an acute general hospital is complicated by concurrent 'confusion': a controlled clinical trial. Acronym: TEAM: Trial of an Elderly Acute care Medical and mental health unit.

BACKGROUND: Patients with delirium and dementia admitted to general hospitals have poor outcomes, and their carers report poor experiences. We developed an acute geriatric medical ward into a specialist Medical and Mental Health Unit over an eighteen month period. Additional specialist mental health staff were employed, other staff were trained in the 'person-centred' dementia care approach, a programme of meaningful activity was devised, the environment adapted to the needs of people with cognitive impairment, and attention given to communication with family carers. We hypothesise that patients managed on this ward will have better outcomes than those receiving standard care, and that such care will be cost-effective. METHODS/DESIGN: We will perform a controlled clinical trial comparing in-patient management on a specialist Medical and Mental Health Unit with standard care. Study participants are patients over the age of 65, admitted as an emergency to a single general hospital, and identified on the Acute Medical Admissions Unit as being 'confused'. Sample size is 300 per group. The evaluation design has been adapted to accommodate pressures on bed management and patient flows. If beds are available on the specialist Unit, the clinical service allocates patients at random between the Unit and standard care on general or geriatric medical wards. Once admitted, randomised patients and their carers are invited to take part in a follow up study, and baseline data are collected. Quality of care and patient experience are assessed in a non-participant observer study. Outcomes are ascertained at a follow up home visit 90 days after randomisation, by a researcher blind to allocation. The primary outcome is days spent at home (for those admitted from home), or days spent in the same care home (if admitted from a care home). Secondary outcomes include mortality, institutionalisation, resource use, and scaled outcome measures, including quality of life, cognitive function, disability, behavioural and psychological symptoms, carer strain and carer satisfaction with hospital care. Analyses will comprise comparisons of process, outcomes and costs between the specialist unit and standard care treatment groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01136148.