ABSTRACT
Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) constitute an important cause of hospital-acquired infection associated with morbidity, mortality, and cost. The aim of these guidelines is to provide updated recommendations for the diagnosis and management of CRBSI in adults. Prevention of CRBSI is excluded. Experts in the field were designated by the two participating Societies (Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica and the Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva, Crítica y Unidades Coronarias). Short-term peripheral venous catheters, non-tunneled and long-term central venous catheters, tunneled catheters and hemodialysis catheters are covered by these guidelines. The panel identified 39 key topics that were formulated in accordance with the PICO format. The strength of the recommendations and quality of the evidence were graded in accordance with ESCMID guidelines. Recommendations are made for the diagnosis of CRBSI with and without catheter removal and of tunnel infection. The document establishes the clinical situations in which a conservative diagnosis of CRBSI (diagnosis without catheter removal) is feasible. Recommendations are also made regarding empirical therapy, pathogen-specific treatment (coagulase-negative staphylococci, Sthaphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp, Gram-negative bacilli, and Candida spp), antibiotic lock therapy, diagnosis and management of suppurative thrombophlebitis and local complications (AU)
La bacteriemia relacionada con catéteres (BRC) constituye una causa importante de infección hospitalaria y se asocia con elevada morbilidad, mortalidad y costo. El objetivo de esta guía de práctica clínica es proporcionar recomendaciones actualizadas para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la BRC en pacientes adultos. De este documento se excluye la prevención de la BRC. Expertos en la materia fueron designados por las 2 sociedades participantes (Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica y Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva, Crítica y Unidades Coronarias). Los catéteres venosos periféricos a corto plazo, los catéteres venosos centrales no tunelizados y de largo plazo, los catéteres tunelizados y los catéteres de hemodiálisis están incluidos por estas guías. El panel identificó 39 temas claves que fueron formulados de acuerdo con el formato PICO. La fuerza de las recomendaciones y la calidad de la evidencia se clasificaron de acuerdo con las directrices de la ESCMID. Se hacen recomendaciones para el diagnóstico de BRC con y sin extracción de catéter y de la infección en túnel. El documento establece las situaciones clínicas en las que es factible un diagnóstico conservador de CRBSI (diagnóstico sin retirada de catéter). También se hacen recomendaciones con respecto a la terapia empírica, el tratamiento específico según el patógeno identificado (estafilococos coagulasa negativos, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp, bacilos gramnegativos y Candida spp), la terapia con sellado del catéter, el diagnóstico, así como el tratamiento de la tromboflebitis supurativa y las complicaciones locales (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Consensus Development Conferences as Topic , Societies, Medical/standards , Bacteremia/diagnosis , Bacteremia/microbiology , Catheter-Related Infections/microbiology , Thrombophlebitis/therapy , Societies, Medical/organization & administration , Catheter-Related Infections/diagnosis , Catheters/microbiology , Intensive Care Units/standards , Coronary Care Units/standards , Thrombophlebitis/complications , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
La estandarización de la medicina intensiva puede mejorar el tratamiento del paciente crítico. No obstante, estos programas de estandarización no se han aplicado de forma generalizada en las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI). El objetivo de este trabajo es elaborar las recomendaciones para la estandarización del tratamiento de los pacientes críticos. Se seleccionó un panel de expertos de los trece grupos de trabajo (GT) de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva, Crítica y Unidades Coronarias (SEMICYUC), elegido por su experiencia clínica y/o científica para la realización de las recomendaciones. Se analizó la literatura publicada entre 2002 y 2016 sobre diferentes tópicos de los pacientes críticos. En reuniones de cada GT los expertos discutieron las propuestas y sintetizaron las conclusiones, que fueron finalmente aprobadas por los GT después de un amplio proceso de revisión interna realizado entre diciembre de 2015 y diciembre de 2016. Finalmente, se elaboraron un total de 65 recomendaciones, 5 por cada uno de los 13 GT. Estas recomendaciones se basan en la opinión de expertos y en el conocimiento científico y pretenden servir de guía para los intensivistas como una ayuda en el manejo de los pacientes críticos (AU)
The standardization of the Intensive Care Medicine may improve the management of the adult critically ill patient. However, these strategies have not been widely applied in the Intensive Care Units (ICUs). The aim is to elaborate the recommendations for the standardization of the treatment of critical patients. A panel of experts from the thirteen working groups (WG) of the Spanish Society of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC) was selected and nominated by virtue of clinical expertise and/or scientific experience to carry out the recommendations. Available scientific literature in the management of adult critically ill patients from 2002 to 2016 was extracted. The clinical evidence was discussed and summarised by the experts in the course of a consensus finding of every WG and finally approved by the WGs after an extensive internal review process that was carried out between December 2015 and December 2016. A total of 65 recommendations were developed, of which 5 corresponded to each of the 13 WGs. These recommendations are based on the opinion of experts and scientific knowledge, and are intended as a guide for the intensivists in the management of critical patients (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Critical Care/standards , Critical Illness/therapy , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Intensive Care Units/standards , Coronary Care Units/standards , Withholding Treatment/standards , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/standardsABSTRACT
Desde su creación, en el año 1977 por el Dr. Manolo Quero, coincidiendo con la apertura del Hospital, el Servicio de Cardiología Pediátrica y Cardiopatías Congénitas del Hospital Ramón y Cajal, ha sido y es centro de referencia donde se siguen enfermos de toda la geografia española. Se creó para dar atención especializada a la gran demanda existente en aquellos años. Y, después de casi 40 años, tenemos la gran satisfacción de poder seguir viendo a esos niños, ya convertidos en adultos, y seguimos ofreciéndoles la asistencia necesaria para tratar las cardiopatías complejas de la mayoria de ellos. Este Servicio se ha caracterizado, tanto por su actividad asistencial como por su actividad docente e investigadora, que ha propiciado que sea distinguido como Centro de Referencia Nacional (CSUR). Hoy en día, contarnos con un Servicio mixto de 7 facultativos, provenientes de la Pediatria y de la Cardiología y especializados en la Cardiología Pediátrica y las Cardiopatías Congénitas. El Servicio cuenta con varias Unidades especializadas como la de Hemodinámica Intervencionista Infantil y en Cardiopatías Congénitas, Hipertensión Pulmonar Pediátrica y Unidad de Arritmias Pediátricas y en Cardiopatias Congenitas, entre otros. Nuestro Servicio se integra en un equipo multidisciplinar, compuesto por cirujanos cardiacos, intensivistas pediátricos, anestesistas, obstetras, radiólogos, rehabilitadores y enfermería especializada, entre otros, que permiten la atención integral al enfermo. La gran mayoría de las consultas externas se organizan con la filosofía de la consulta de alta resolución. Realizándose la mayoría de las exploraciones y técnicas complementarias (electrocardiograma, ecocardicigrafía, Holter, ergometría) en el mismo día de la consulta (AU)
Since its creation in 1977 by Dr. Manolo Quero, coinciding with the opening of the Hospital, the Ramon y Cajal Hospital Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease Unit has been and is a referral center where patients coming from any Spanish region can get specialized and personalized integral care for children with congenital heart disease. After almost 40 years, the Service has integrated also the care of our grown up patients with congenital heart defects, into a transversal care unit. This service is characterized by its healthcare activity and its teaching and research that have led it to be distinguished as a National Reference Center (CSUR) activity. Today we are 7 physicians who perform our functions in different sections and allowed to specialize and create units as Hemodynamics, pulmonary hypertension and arrhythmias among others. Our cardiology department is integrated into a also has a rnultidisciplinary team including cardiac surgeons, pediatric intensivists, anesthesiologists, radiologist, physiotherapist, among others that allow for comprehensive patient care nursing. Our outpatient visits are Organized with the philosophy of "high resolution" visits and all the complementary examinations and functional tests) EKG, echocardiography, Holter cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and sometimes in the MRI) are done in the same day of the external visit (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Coronary Care Units , Inpatient Care Units , Heart Defects, Congenital/epidemiology , Heart Defects, Congenital/prevention & control , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Heart Diseases/epidemiology , Heart Diseases/surgery , Coronary Care Units/methods , Child Care/methods , Child Health/standards , Cardiology Service, Hospital/organization & administration , Cardiology Service, Hospital/standards , Cardiology Service, Hospital , Coronary Care Units/organization & administration , Coronary Care Units/standards , Coronary Care Units/trendsABSTRACT
Objective: to develop a proposal for a nursing panel of indicators based on the guiding principles of Balanced Scorecard. Method: a single case study that ranked 200 medical records of patients, management reports and protocols, which are capable of generating indicators. Results: we identified 163 variables that resulted in 72 indicators; of these, 32 nursing-related: two financial indicators (patient's average revenue per day and patient's revenue per day by product used); two client indicators (overall satisfaction rate of patient with nursing care and adherence rate to the patient satisfaction survey); 23 process indicators, and five learning and growth indicators (average total hours of training, total of approved nursing professionals in the internal selection process, absenteeism rate, turnover rate and index of performance evaluation). Conclusion: although there is a limit related to the amount of data generated, the methodology of Balanced Scorecard has proved to be flexible and adaptable to incorporate nursing services. It was possible to identify indicators with adherence to more than one area. Internal processes was the area with the higher number of indicators.
Objetivo: elaborar uma proposta de painel de indicadores de enfermagem, a partir dos princípios norteadores do Balanced Scorecard. Método: estudo de caso único que classificou dados de 200 prontuários de pacientes, relatórios gerencias e protocolos, capazes de gerar indicadores. Resultados: foram identificados 163 variáveis que resultaram em 72 indicadores, desses, 32 relacionados com a enfermagem: dois indicadores na perspectiva financeira (receita média de paciente/dia e receita paciente/dia por produto utilizado); dois na do cliente (taxa de satisfação geral do paciente com assistência de enfermagem e taxa de adesão à pesquisa de satisfação do paciente); 23 na dos processos; e cinco na do aprendizado e crescimento (total médio de horas de treinamento, total de profissionais de enfermagem aprovados em processo seletivo interno, taxa de absenteísmo, índice de rotatividade e índice de realização de avaliação de desempenho). Conclusão: embora exista um limite relacionado à quantidade de dados gerados, a metodologia do Balanced Scorecard mostrou-se flexível e adaptável para incorporação ao serviço de enfermagem. Foi possível identificar indicadores com aderência a mais de uma perspectiva. Processos internos foi a perspectiva com maior número de indicadores.
Objetivo: elaborar una propuesta de panel de indicadores de enfermería partiendo de los principios orientadores del Balanced Scorecard. Método: estudio de caso único que clasificó 200 registros de datos de pacientes, informes de gestión y protocolos, capaces de generar indicadores. Resultados: se identificaron 163 variables que resultaron en 72 indicadores, de estos, 32 relacionados con la enfermería: dos indicadores de la perspectiva financiera (ingresos promedio de los pacientes/día y los ingresos del paciente/día para el producto utilizado); dos en la perspectiva del cliente (índice de satisfacción global de los pacientes con la atención de enfermería y cuota de afiliación a la encuesta de satisfacción del paciente); 23 en la perspectiva de los procesos; y cinco en la perspectiva del aprendizaje y crecimiento (promedio de horas totales de formación, el total de los profesionales de enfermería aprobados en el proceso interno de selección, el ausentismo, la tasa de rotación y la tasa de finalización de la evaluación del desempeño). Conclusión: aunque hay un límite en relación con la cantidad de datos generados, la metodología del Balanced Scorecard demostró ser flexible y adaptable para su incorporación en el servicio de enfermería. Fue posible identificar indicadores con adherencia a más de una perspectiva. Los procesos internos fueran la perspectiva con el mayor número de indicadores.
Subject(s)
Humans , Patient Satisfaction , Quality Indicators, Health Care/standards , Intensive Care Units/standards , Nursing Care/standards , Brazil , Coronary Care Units/standards , Organizational Case StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate head-of-bed elevation (HOBE) compliance in mechanically ventilated (MV) patients during different time periods, in order to identify factors that may influence compliance and to compare direct-observation compliance with checklist-reported compliance. DESIGN AND SETTING: A prospective observational study was carried out in a polyvalent Intensive Care Unit. PATIENTS: All consecutive patients with MV and no contraindication for semi-recumbency were studied. Intervention and variables: HOBE was observed during four periods of one month each for one year, the first period being blinded. HOBE was measured with an electronic device three times daily. Main variables were HOBE, type of airway device, type of bed, nursing shift, day of the week and checklist-reported compliance. No patient characteristics were collected. RESULTS: During the four periods, 2639 observations were collected. Global HOBE compliance was 24.0%, and the median angle head-of-bed elevation (M-HOBE) was 24.0° (IQR 18.8-30.0). HOBE compliance and M-HOBE by periods were as follows: blinded period: 13.8% and 21.1° (IQR 16.3-24.4); period 1: 25.5% and 24.3° (IQR 18.8-30.2); period 2: 22.7% and 24.4° (IQR 18.9-29.6); and period 3: 31.4% and 26.7° (IQR 21.3-32.6) (p < 0.001). An overestimation of 50-60% was found when comparing self-reported compliance using a checklist versus direct-observation compliance (p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found the presence of an endotracheal tube (ET) and bed without HOBE measuring device to be independently associated to greater compliance (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Although compliance increased significantly during the study period, it was still not optimal. Checklist-reported compliance significantly overestimated HOBE compliance. The presence of an ET and a bed without HOBE measuring device was associated to greater compliance
OBJETIVOS: Evaluar el cumplimiento de la elevación de la cabecera de la cama (ECC) en pacientes atendidos con ventilación mecánica (MV) durante distintos periodos de tiempo con el fin de identificar los factores que pueden influir sobre el cumplimiento y comparar el cumplimiento evaluado mediante observación directa con el cumplimiento evaluado mediante lista de verificación. DISEÑO Y ÁMBITO: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional y prospectivo en una unidad de cuidados intensivos polivalente. PACIENTES: Se estudió a todos los pacientes consecutivos atendidos con MV y en los que no estaba contraindicada la reclinación parcial. Intervención y variables: Se observó la ECC durante 4 periodos de un mes a lo largo de un año, el primero de ellos con enmascaramiento. Se midió la ECC mediante un dispositivo electrónico 3 veces al día. Las variables principales fueron ECC, tipo de dispositivo para las vías respiratorias, tipo de cama, turno de enfermería, día de la semana y cumplimiento notificado mediante lista de verificación. No se recopilaron las características de los pacientes. RESULTADOS: Se recopilaron 2.639 observaciones durante los 4 periodos. La tasa global de cumplimiento con la ECC fue del 24.0%, mientras que la mediana del ángulo de elevación de la cabecera de la cama (M-ECC) fue de 24.0° (IQR 18.830.0). El cumplimiento con la ECC y la M-ECC por cada periodo fue: periodo con enmascaramiento: 13.8% y 21.1° (IQR 16.3-24.4); periodo 1: 25.5% y 24.3° (IQR 18.8-30.2); periodo 2: 22.7% y 24.4° (IQR 18.9-29.6); y periodo 3: 31.4% y 26.7° (IQR 21.3-32.6) (p < 0.001). Se observó una sobreestimación del 50-60% al comparar el cumplimiento autoevaluado por medio de una lista de verificación frente al cumplimiento evaluado mediante observación directa (p < 0.001). Un análisis de regresión logística multivariante concluyó que la presencia de un tubo endotraqueal (TE) y de una cama sin dispositivo de medición de ECC se asociaban de manera independiente a un mayor cumplimiento (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONES: Si bien el cumplimiento aumentó de manera significativa durante el periodo del estudio, seguía sin ser el óptimo. El cumplimiento evaluado mediante lista de verificación sobreestimó de manera significativa el cumplimiento de la ECC. La presencia de un TE y una cama sin dispositivo de medición de ECC se asociaba a un mayor cumplimiento
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , /standards , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Respiration, Artificial/standards , Evidence-Based Practice/methods , Evidence-Based Practice/organization & administration , Evidence-Based Practice/standards , Critical Care/methods , Critical Care/standards , Patient Positioning/standards , Patient Positioning , Prospective Studies , Coronary Care Units/standards , Coronary Care Units , Intensive Care Units/trends , Logistic Models , Multivariate AnalysisABSTRACT
Fundamentos: A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) representa um problema mundial de saúde pública, com a perspectiva de aumentar ainda mais sua prevalência devido ao crescimento populacional e ao aumento da expectativa de vida. O tratamento clínico dos pacientes com IC consiste no uso de fármacos, dispositivos e procedimentos que melhoram o desempenho cardíaco, aliviam os sintomas e prolongam a sobrevida. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto do tratamento de insuficiência cardíaca no Hospital de Messejana (HM), Fortaleza, CE, Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, retrospectivo e quantitativo. Foram avaliados 635 pacientes adultos, internados nas Unidades Cardíacas do HM no período de janeiro 2011 a julho 2013, por meio da análise dos prontuários. Foram avaliados aspectos relacionados às taxas de mortalidade, à eficácia do tratamento e ao número de reinternações. Pesquisou-se ainda a incidência de infecções intra-hospitalares e o percentual de pacientes cujo tratamento foi o transplante cardíaco. Resultados: Em relação ao tratamento clínico, 88,3% usaram anticoagulantes, 80,8% diuréticos, 74,2% betabloqueador, 48,7% inibidores da enzima conversora da angiotensina e 19,25% bloqueador do receptor de angiotensina. Sobre o tratamento cirúrgico, 11% fizeram valvoplastia ou troca valvar, 9,3% transplante cardíaco,2,2% implante de marca-passo e 4,7% cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio. Conclusão: Os pacientes tratados de IC no HM receberam o esquema terapêutico clássico preconizado, incluindo-se o uso de dispositivos e de procedimentos cirúrgicos como o transplante cardíaco e tiveram evolução satisfatória na maioria dos casos, apesar de ainda exibirem alta taxa de mortalidade intra-hospitalar.
Background: Heart failure (HF) is a worldwide health problem with the prospect of further increasing its prevalence due to population growth and increased life expectancy. The clinical treatment of patients with HF is the use of drugs, de vices and procedures that improve cardiac performance, relieve symptoms and prolong survival. Objective: To evaluate the impact of treatment of heart failure in Hospital de Messejana (HM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Methods: This is an observational, retrospective and quantitative study. In this study, 635 adult patients admitted in the Cardiac Units of HM from January 2011 to July 2013 were evaluated through the analysis of medical records. The study evaluated aspects related to mortality rates, treatment effectiveness and the number of readmissions. It also investigated the incidence of hospital infections and the percentage of patients whose treatment was heart transplantation. Results: Concerning the clinical treatment, 88.3% used anticoagulants, 80.8% used diuretics, 74.2% used beta-blockers, 48.7% used angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and 19.25% used angiotensin receptor blocker. About the surgery, 11% had valvuloplasty orvalve replacement, 9.3% had heart transplantation, 2.2% had pacemaker implant and 4.7%, coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Conclusion: Patients treated with HF in HM received the classic therapy recommended, including the use of surgical devices and procedures such as heart transplantation and had a satisfactory outcome in most cases, despite a high rate of in-hospital mortality.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Heart Failure/therapy , Quality of Health Care , Coronary Care Units/standards , Heart Failure/epidemiology , Length of Stay , Observational Study , Retrospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
FUNDAMENTO: A criação de sistemas ou linhas de cuidado ao infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) tem o objetivo de otimizar o atendimento ao paciente, desde o diagnóstico precoce até o tratamento adequado e em tempo hábil. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a implantação da linha de cuidado do IAM, em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, e seu impacto na mortalidade hospitalar por IAM. MÉTODOS: A linha de cuidado do IAM foi implantada em Belo Horizonte entre 2010 e 2011 com intuito de ampliar o acesso dos pacientes do sistema público de saúde ao tratamento preconizado pelas diretrizes vigentes. As equipes das unidades de pronto atendimento foram treinadas e foi implantado sistema de tele-eletrocardiografia nessas unidades. Os desfechos primários deste estudo observacional retrospectivo foram o número de internações e a mortalidade hospitalar por IAM, de 2009 a 2011. RESULTADOS: No período avaliado, 294 profissionais foram treinados e 563 ECGs foram transmitidos das unidades de pronto atendimento para as unidades coronarianas. Houve redução importante da taxa de mortalidade hospitalar (12,3% em 2009 versus 7,1% em 2011, p < 0,001), enquanto o número de internações por IAM permaneceu estável. Ocorreu aumento do custo médio de internação (média R$ 2.480,00 versus R$ 3.501,00, p < 0,001), aumento da proporção de internações contemplando diárias de terapia intensiva (32,4% em 2009 versus 66,1% em 2011, p < 0,001) e de pacientes internados em hospitais de alta complexidade (47,0% versus 69,6%, p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A implantação da linha de cuidado do IAM permitiu maior acesso da população ao tratamento adequado e, consequentemente, redução na mortalidade hospitalar por IAM.
BACKGROUND:The creation of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) management systems is aimed at optimizing the management of patients from early diagnosis to proper and timely treatment. OBJECTIVE: To assess the implantation of an AMI management system in the municipality of Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais, and its impact on in-hospital mortality due to AMI. METHODS: The AMI management system was implanted in the municipality of Belo Horizonte between 2010 and 2011, aiming at increasing the access of patients of the public health system to the treatment recommended by the existing guidelines. The teams at the prompt care units were trained, and the system of tele-electrocardiography was implanted in those units. The primary outcomes of this retrospective observational study were the number of admissions and in-hospital mortality due to AMI, from 2009 to 2011. RESULTS: In the period studied, 294 professionals were trained and 563 electrocardiograms (ECGs) transmitted from prompt care units to coronary units. A significant reduction was observed in the in-hospital mortality rate (12.3% in 2009 versus 7.1% in 2011, p < 0.001), while the number of admissions due to AMI remained stable. The mean cost of admission increased (mean R$ 2,480.00 versus R$ 3,501.00; p < 0.001), the proportion of admissions including intensive care unit stay increased (32.4% in 2009 versus 66.1% in 2011; p < 0.001), and the number of patients admitted to tertiary hospitals increased (47.0% versus 69.6%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The AMI management system implantation increased the access of the population to proper treatment, thus reducing in-hospital mortality due to AMI.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Coronary Care Units/methods , Emergency Service, Hospital/organization & administration , Health Services Accessibility/statistics & numerical data , Myocardial Infarction , Brazil , Coronary Care Units/standards , Electrocardiography/methods , Emergency Service, Hospital/standards , Hospital Mortality , Hospitalization/economics , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis , Myocardial Infarction/mortality , Myocardial Infarction/therapy , Retrospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Telemedicine/methodsABSTRACT
La cardiopatía isquémica es un problema relevante de salud en la mujer. Supone en España la causa de muerte del 10% de las mujeres. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las posibles diferencias por sexo en las características clínicas, el perfil de riesgo cardiovascular, las medidas diagnósticas, el tratamiento y el pronóstico de los pacientes ingresados con síndromes coronarios agudos (SCA) en España de 1994 a 2002. Para ello se han analizado los resultados de los registros de la Sección de Cardiopatía Isquémica y Unidades Coronarias de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología realizados en ese período (RISCI, PRIAMHO I y II, DESCARTES y TRIANA). Se efectuó una recodificación de las variables y la fusión en una única base de datos, de lo que resultó una muestra de 48.369 pacientes (el 75,7% varones y el 24,3% mujeres). En 13.405 pacientes se trataba de un SCASEST (el 26,6% de mujeres) y en 34.334 casos, de un SCACEST (el 23,2% de mujeres). Las mujeres tenían, respecto a los varones, una edad superior, un perfil de riesgo cardiovascular más desfavorable y antecedentes más frecuentes de insuficiencia cardiaca, recibieron con menor frecuencia bloqueadores beta y estatinas, se sometieron a intervencionismo coronario en menor proporción y presentaron mortalidad e incidencia de eventos adversos graves durante el ingreso un 50% superiores a las de los varones y mayor mortalidad en el seguimiento. Los resultados en el SCACEST presentaron las mismas diferencias en relación con el sexo; el porcentaje de mujeres sometidas a reperfusión fue inferior al de varones y el tiempo hasta la reperfusión, significativamente mayor en las mujeres. La mortalidad y las complicaciones hospitalarias y la mortalidad al mes en las mujeres duplicaron las de los varones. Sin embargo, el sexo femenino fue un predictor independiente de mortalidad hospitalaria a 1 mes y a 1 año en el SCACEST, pero no en el SCASEST. En conclusión, el estudio detecta diferencias en el perfil clínico y en el manejo relacionadas con el sexo de los pacientes ingresados por SCA en el período estudiado, aunque sólo el sexo se mostró como predictor independiente de mortalidad en el SCACEST (AU)
Coronary heart disease is a major health problem in women. In Spain, it is the cause of death in 10%. The aim of this study was to investigate possible sex differences in the clinical characteristics, cardiovascular risk profile, diagnostic assessment, treatment and prognosis of patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Spain between 1994-2002. Data from trials conducted by the Working Group on Ischemic Heart Disease and Coronary Care Units of the Spanish Society of Cardiology Section during this period (i.e., RISCI, PRIAMHO I and II, DESCARTES and TRIANA) were analyzed. Data were reclassified and combined into a single database that included 48,369 patients (75.7% male and 24.3% female). Of these, 13,405 (26.6% female) had non-STelevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS), while 34,334 (23.2% female) had ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (STEACS). Compared with men, women were older, had a worse cardiovascular risk profile, more often had a history of heart failure, received beta-blockers and statins less often, were less likely to undergo percutaneous revascularization, presented on admission with a 50% higher mortality rate and incidence of serious adverse events, and had higher mortality during followup. The sex differences in those with STEACS were similar: fewer women underwent coronary reperfusion and the time to reperfusion was significantly longer. In addition, the initial mortality, in-hospital complication and 1-month mortality rates in women were double those in men. However, female gender was an independent predictor of in-hospital, 1-month and 1-year mortality only for STEACS, and not for NSTEACS. In conclusion, sex differences were found in the clinical profile and management of patients admitted for ACS. However, sex was an independent predictor of mortality only in those with STEACS (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Acute Coronary Syndrome/epidemiology , Acute Coronary Syndrome/mortality , Myocardial Ischemia/mortality , Risk Factors , Sex Differentiation , Spain/epidemiology , Prognosis , Coronary Care Units/organization & administration , Coronary Care Units/standardsABSTRACT
Médicos especialistas y residentes del postgrado de Cardiologia del hospital universitario de Mérida, revisaron y actualizaron un conjunto de normas ya existentes en ese servicio, para los pacientes con insuficiencias coronaria aguda, dirigidas al médico encargado de la atención de estos pacientes. Se describen las técnicas que se utilizan actualmente en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de una afección coronaria.