QT interval instability and variability in dogs with naturally-occurring hypercortisolism.

Hypercortisolism is one of the most common endocrine diseases in dogs. In humans, it is clearly associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events, but studies in dogs are scarce. To investigate the arrhythmogenic risk of dogs with naturally-occurring hypercortisolism (NOHC), indices of variability and instability of the QT interval were retrospectively studied in 38 dogs with NOHC and prospectively studied in 12 healthy dogs: variance (QTv), total instability (TI), short-term (STI) and long-term (LTI), and mean (QTm). Except for QTm, all parameters studied were higher in the NOHC group than in the control group. In addition, STI and QTv showed moderate positive correlation with left ventricle wall thickness. The NOHC group was subdivided according to cortisol suppression pattern in the low-dose dexamethasone suppression test. All electrocardiographic indices of partial and absent suppression patterns were numerically higher than healthy dogs. QTv and TI were lower in the control group than in both NOHC subgroups. LTI and STI were lower in the CG than in the group with the partial suppression pattern. There was no statistical difference between sex groups in any of the electrocardiographic parameters studied. This result might indicate that the etiology of NOHC, and its consequent influence on hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis could interfere on the heterogeneity of ventricular repolarization parameters in different ways, especially in the short-term and the long-term stability; however further studies are necessary to understand the role of cortisol on electrical instability in dogs.

Assessment of selegiline and trilostane combined therapy efficacy for canine pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism treatment: A pilot randomized clinical trial.

Canine pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism (PDH) management with trilostane usually demands lifelong therapy. The greater the dose needed, the greater the risk of side effects. Selegiline therapy has been previously described but not commonly used for PDH treatment. The present work aimed to assess the efficacy of selegiline and trilostane combined therapy for canine PDH treatment. Fifteen client-owned dogs diagnosed with spontaneous PDH were enrolled. The patients were treated with trilostane (Tri group, n = 8, initial dose of 0.5 mg/kg, PO, q12h), or with trilostane and selegiline (Tri + Sel group, n = 7, initial trilostane dose of 0.5 mg/kg, PO, q12h and selegiline 1 mg/kg, PO, q24h). Dogs underwent clinical examination, serum biochemical analysis, urinalysis, abdominal ultrasound, and eACTH and post-ACTH cortisol measurements on treatment days zero (D0), 30 (D30), 90 (D90), and 180 (D180). There was a lack of adverse effects due to the combined therapy. Both groups showed a similar clinical response and lower post-ACTH cortisol levels at the study's end. There was no significant difference in trilostane dosage at D180 between groups. There was no documented increase in either right or left adrenal gland thickness in the Tri + Sel group in contrast with patients in the Tri group. However, there was no statistical difference between the groups regarding eACTH at D0 and D180. Patients in the Tri + Sel group achieved better serum triglycerides control at the end of the study. The association of selegiline with trilostane might be a feasible therapy for canine PDH; however, its eventual advantages need larger studies.

Cushing's syndrome caused by intra-adrenocortical adrenocorticotropic hormone in a dog.

A 13-year-old Labrador retriever was diagnosed with Cushing's syndrome (CS) caused by primary bilateral nodular adrenocortical hyperplasia with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) expression. The pituitary origin of CS was ruled out by suppression of plasma ACTH concentration and absence of a proliferative lesion on histological evaluation of the pituitary gland using periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, reticulin staining, and immunostaining for ACTH. A pheochromocytoma also was found at necropsy examination. On histological evaluation of both adrenal glands, at the junction of the fascicular and glomerular zones, multiple cell clusters distributed in both hyperplastic adrenal cortices expressed ACTH, whereas the pheochromocytoma cells did not. These results indicate that a disease similar to primary bilateral macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia in humans also occurs in dogs, with intra-adrenocortical expression of ACTH, glucocorticoids excess, and clinical signs of CS. Therefore, the term ACTH-independent could be inappropriate in some cases of bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia and suppressed plasma ACTH concentration in dogs.

Hyperadrenocorticism in a crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) kept under human care / Hiperadrenocorticismo em cachorro-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous) mantido sob cuidados humanos

Hyperadrenocorticism is a relatively common endocrine disease affecting the adrenal glands of domestic dogs. However, there are few reports of this disease in wild canids. A crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) kept under human care was diagnosed with the disease after detection of conformational abnormalities in the adrenal glands visualized by ultrasonography, a cortisol suppression test after low-dose dexamethasone, and the detection of proteinuria and bacteria in urinalysis. After the diagnosis, the patient was treated with trilostane with a satisfactory clinical response. This report aims to report the sonographic and laboratory findings of hyperadrenocorticism and its treatment in a specimen of the species.

O hiperadrenocorticismo é uma doença endócrina que acomete as glândulas adrenais relativamente comum em cães domésticos. Porém, em canídeos selvagens, poucos são os relatos descritos dessa enfermidade. Um exemplar de cachorro-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous), mantido sob cuidados humanos, foi diagnosticado com a doença após detecção de anormalidades conformacionais em glândulas adrenais visibilizadas via ultrassonografia, teste de supressão de cortisol após uso de baixa dose de dexametasona, além de detecção de proteinúria e bactérias em urinálise. Após o diagnóstico, instituiu-se tratamento medicamentoso a base de trilostano com resposta clínica satisfatória. Este relato objetiva reportar os achados ultrassonográficos e laboratoriais de hiperadrenocosticismo e seu tratamento em um exemplar da espécie.

Clinical and microbiological characterization of subclinical bacteriuria and sporadic bacterial cystitis in dogs with spontaneous hypercortisolism.

Study's aims were to characterize subclinical bacteriuria (SB) and sporadic bacterial cystitis (SBC) in dogs with spontaneous hypercortisolism (HC). Prospective cross-sectional design divided patients as newly diagnosed (n = 27), poorly controlled (n  = 21), well controlled (n  = 34), and controls (n  = 19). Urine culture positive results were identified by MALDI-TOF and submitted to antibiogram. Escherichia coli was the most common microorganism (36%). The majority of positive cultures in HC were SB (12.2%). All 4.1% SBC cases were in well controlled HC cases. Bacteriuria correlated with low urine specific gravity and low lymphocyte count. HC degree of control correlated with leukocyturia. SB/SBC cases were treated based in antimicrobial susceptibility leading to microbiological cure in 75% of HC cases. Persistent infections occurred only in SB cases, all by E. coli which became more resistant. SB/SBC prevalence in canine HC is actually lower. Further evidence for current ISCAID guideline contraindication for SB treatment due to HC were provided.

Conduta diagnóstica em equino da raça Crioula com síndrome de Cushing / Diagnostic process in a crioulo horse with Cushings syndrome

Background: Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, also known as equine Cushings syndrome, is a neurodegenerative disease. An important risk factor for Cushings is advanced aging and it is the most common endocrine disorder inolder horses. The prevalence in horses aged over 10 and 15 years is reported as 9.3% and 21%, respectively. Due to the slowprogressive nature of the disease, seasonal variation in hormone output and overlapping endocrine response to other events,accurate diagnosis is challenging. The diagnosis requires the combination of anamnesis, clinical signs, in addition to laboratory tests results. This study aimed to report Cushings syndrome in a Crioulo breed horse focusing on diagnostic methods.Case: A 13-year-old male Crioulo breed, orchiectomized, was attended at the Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), in PassoFundo, RS, Brazil. The owner reported that the animal had progressive weight loss and coat abnormal growth, with curlyappearance. From visual inspection, body condition score was 4 (1-9) bulging abdomen was noticed, hirsutism, depressionand lethargy. Also, there was a large neoplastic mass on the left side of gluteal region. Later, this mass was classified inhistopathological examination as a fibroblastic sarcoid and was treated. The animal presented physical parameters withinthe physiological limits of the specie. Normochromic normocytic anemia and neutrophilic leukocytosis were reported in thehematologic evaluation. In coproparasitological examination, there were 300 eggs per gram of feaces. Hyperadrenocorticismwas suspected in the clinical examination and dexamethasone suppression test was performed to confirm the fact. Basal serumwas collected at 17 h (M0) and subsequently 40 µg/kg of dexamethasone was administered intramuscular...(AU)

Conduta diagnóstica em equino da raça Crioula com síndrome de Cushing / Diagnostic process in a crioulo horse with Cushing’s syndrome

Background: Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, also known as equine Cushing’s syndrome, is a neurodegenerative disease. An important risk factor for Cushing’s is advanced aging and it is the most common endocrine disorder inolder horses. The prevalence in horses aged over 10 and 15 years is reported as 9.3% and 21%, respectively. Due to the slowprogressive nature of the disease, seasonal variation in hormone output and overlapping endocrine response to other events,accurate diagnosis is challenging. The diagnosis requires the combination of anamnesis, clinical signs, in addition to laboratory tests results. This study aimed to report Cushing’s syndrome in a Crioulo breed horse focusing on diagnostic methods.Case: A 13-year-old male Crioulo breed, orchiectomized, was attended at the Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), in PassoFundo, RS, Brazil. The owner reported that the animal had progressive weight loss and coat abnormal growth, with curlyappearance. From visual inspection, body condition score was 4 (1-9) bulging abdomen was noticed, hirsutism, depressionand lethargy. Also, there was a large neoplastic mass on the left side of gluteal region. Later, this mass was classified inhistopathological examination as a fibroblastic sarcoid and was treated. The animal presented physical parameters withinthe physiological limits of the specie. Normochromic normocytic anemia and neutrophilic leukocytosis were reported in thehematologic evaluation. In coproparasitological examination, there were 300 eggs per gram of feaces. Hyperadrenocorticismwas suspected in the clinical examination and dexamethasone suppression test was performed to confirm the fact. Basal serumwas collected at 17 h (M0) and subsequently 40 µg/kg of dexamethasone was administered intramuscular...

Como manejar doenças metabólicas que interferem na eficiência reprodutiva em éguas / How to manage metabolic diseases that affects reproductive efficiency in mares / Cómo manejar las enfermedades metabólicas que interfieren con laeficiencia reproductiva en yeguas

A síndrome cólica é uma das causas mais importante no desenvolvimento de desequilíbrios hidroeletrolíticos e ácido base em equinos e, por conseguinte, geradora de alteração na homeostase do organismo. É imperativo que medidas terapêuticas sejam adotadas na rotina de atendimento clínico do paciente equino com cólica visando corrigir os desequilíbrios hidroeletrolíticos e ácido base. A primordial opção de tratamento desses desequilíbrios é a terapia hidroeletrolítica, ou hidratação, fundamentada na correção e manutenção do estado hídrico, eletrolítico e ácido base do paciente através da administração de soluções eletrolíticas com o intuito de reestabelecer sua homeostase. As Diretrizes Terapêuticas para o Restabelecimento do Equilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico e Ácido Base em Equinos com Síndrome Cólica nas Condições Brasileiras de Atendimento têm como objetivo congregar vários profissionais com visão ampla, embasamento teórico sólido e vasta experiência prática, de forma a oferecer um guia terapêutico prático e específico, que possa ser utilizado por Médicos Veterinários que trabalham com equídeos em todo o Brasil.

Colic syndrome is one of the most important causes in the development of hydroelectrolytic and acid base imbalances in horses and, therefore, causes alteration in the body's homeostasis. It is imperative the adoptions of therapeutic measures in the clinical care routine of equine colic patients in order to correct the hydroelectrolytic and acid-base imbalances. The primary treatment for these imbalances is hydroelectrolytic therapy, or fluid therapy, based on the correction and maintenance of the patient's water, electrolyte and acid base status through the administration of electrolyte solutions to reestablish their homeostasis. The therapeutic guidelines for restoring hydroelectrolytic and acid-base balance in horses with colic syndrome under Brazilian conditions of care has the aim of to bring together several professionals with broad vision, solid theoretical background and extensive practical experience, in order to offer a practical and specific therapeutic guide thatc an be used by Equine Veterinary Doctors throughout Brazil.

El síndrome cólico es una de las causas más importantes en el desarrollo de desequilibrios hidroelectrolíticos y ácido base en equinos y, portanto, causa alteraciones en la homeostasis del organismo. Es imperativo que se adopten medidas terapéuticas en la rutina de atendimiento clínico de los pacientes equinos con cólico para corregir los desequilibrios hidroelectrolíticos y de ácido base. La opción primordialde tratamiento para estos desequilibrios es la terapia hidroelectrolítica, o hidratación, basada en la corrección y el mantenimiento del estado hídrico, electrolítico y ácido base del paciente a través de la administración de soluciones electrolíticas para restablecer su homeostasis. Las Directrices Terapéuticas para el Restablecimiento del Equilibrio Hidroeléctrico y Ácido Base en Equinos con Síndrome Cólico en las condiciones de Atendimiento Brasileras tienen como objetivo reunir a vários profesionales con visión amplia, antecedentes teóricos sólidos y amplia experiencia práctica para proporcionar una guía terapéutica práctica y específica, que pueda ser utilizada por Médicos Veterinarios que trabajan con equinos en todo Brasil.

Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory aspects in a case series of canine hyperadrenocorticism: 115 cases (2010-2014) / Aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e laboratoriais em uma série de cães com hiperadrenocorticismo: 115 casos (2010-2014)

Diseases' clinical-epidemiological characterization assists in directing the diagnosis. The objective of this study was to describe epidemiological, clinical and laboratorial aspects of a case series of canine hyperadrenocorticism (HAC). One-hundred fifteen records of dogs diagnosed by the low dose dexamethasone suppression test and/or ACTH stimulation test were evaluated. Of the cases, 81.3% were HAC ACTH-dependent and 18.7% HAC ACTH-independent. Females were more affected, representing 69.3% of the cases. The mean age was 10.3±2.5 years and 64.9% were gonadectomized. Most of the patients were small size dogs, weighting less than 10kg (73.9%). The most frequent breeds were: Poodle (27%), Dachshund (17.4%), and Yorkshire Terrier (10.4%). The most frequent clinical manifestations were polyphagia (86%), polydipsia (82.6%), polyuria (80%), abdominal enlargement (82.6%), thin skin (79.1%), muscular weakness (78.3%) and panting (74.8%). However, eventually unusual HAC-associated signs would be present in some dogs in a more important way compared with the classic disease´s clinical signs. The CBC showed neutrophilia (66%), eosinopenia (58.3%) and lymphopenia (42.6%) as main hematological abnormalities. The most common findings in serum biochemistry were increased alkaline phosphatase activity (81.74%), increased ALT activity (62.6%), hypercholesterolemia (66%) and hypertriglyceridemia (54.7%). Urinalysis revealed hyposthenuria in 14.9% and isostenuria in 13.5%; besides proteinuria in 50% of the cases. Abdominal ultrasound showed bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (92.2%) with adrenal asymmetry in 20.8% of the cases, in addition to hepatomegaly (80.9%), biliary sludge (67.8%) and hepatic hyperechogenicity (47.8%). It was concluded that small size gonadectomized female dogs, mainly Poodles and Dachshunds, presented higher frequency in the population studied, and that the main changes observed in clinical and complementary tests were polyphagia, polyuria, polydipsia, abdominal enlargement, adrenal hyperplasia, increased phosphatase alkaline and hyperlipidemia. These results corroborated to a better disease characterization at Brazil. This work concluded that the population studied resembles the profile describe in European and North American epidemiologic studies, and that the HAC dog´s clinical picture looks similar worldwide.(AU)

A caracterização clínica-epidemiológica de doenças auxilia no direcionamento do diagnóstico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e laboratoriais de uma série de casos de hiperadrenocorticismo (HAC) canino. Foram avaliados 115 prontuários de cães diagnosticados pelo teste de supressão por baixa dose de dexametasona e/ou teste de estimulação com ACTH. Os casos de HAC ACTH-dependentes representaram 81,3% da população, e 18,7% foram ACTH-independentes. As fêmeas foram mais acometidas, representando 69,3% dos casos. A média de idade foi 10,3 ± 2,5 anos e 64,9% eram gonadectomizados. A maioria dos cães foi de porte pequeno, de até 10 kg (73,9%). As raças mais frequentes foram Poodle (27%), Dachshund (17,4%) e Yorkshire (10,4%). As manifestações clínicas mais relatadas foram polifagia (86%), polidipsia (82,6%), poliúria (80%), abdome pendular (82,6%), atrofia cutânea (79,1%), fraqueza muscular (78,3%) e dispneia (74,8%). Entretanto, eventualmente sinais clínicos pouco associados ao HAC se manifestaram de forma mais importante que os sinais clássicos da doença. O hemograma revelou neutrofilia (66%), eosinopenia (58,3%) e linfopenia (42,6%) como principais alterações hematológicas. Na bioquímica sérica foi observado aumento de fosfatase alcalina (81,74% dos casos), aumento da atividade da ALT (62,6%), hipercolesterolemia (66%) e hipertrigliceridemia (54,7%). A urinálise revelou hipostenúria em 14,9% e isostenúria em 13,5%; além de proteinúria em 50% dos casos. A ecografia abdominal evidenciou hiperplasia bilateral de adrenal (92,2%) com assimetria de adrenais em 20,8% dos casos, além de hepatomegalia (80,9%), lama biliar (67,8%) e hiperecogenicidade hepática (47,8%). Concluiu-se que fêmeas castradas de pequeno porte, principalmente das raças Poodles e Dachshunds, apresentaram maior frequência na população estudada e que as principais alterações observadas clínicas e nos exames complementares foram polifagia, poliúria, polidipsia, aumento abdominal, hiperplasia da adrenal, aumento de fosfatase alcalina e hiperlipidemia. Estes resultados corroboram para melhor caracterização da doença no Brasil. Este estudo concluiu que a população estudada se assemelha ao perfil populacional de cães com HAC descrito em estudos Europeus e Norte Americanos de forma que o perfil dos casos ao redor do globo parece similar.(AU)

Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory aspects in a case series of canine hyperadrenocorticism: 115 cases (2010-2014) / Aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e laboratoriais em uma série de cães com hiperadrenocorticismo: 115 casos (2010-2014)

Diseases' clinical-epidemiological characterization assists in directing the diagnosis. The objective of this study was to describe epidemiological, clinical and laboratorial aspects of a case series of canine hyperadrenocorticism (HAC). One-hundred fifteen records of dogs diagnosed by the low dose dexamethasone suppression test and/or ACTH stimulation test were evaluated. Of the cases, 81.3% were HAC ACTH-dependent and 18.7% HAC ACTH-independent. Females were more affected, representing 69.3% of the cases. The mean age was 10.3±2.5 years and 64.9% were gonadectomized. Most of the patients were small size dogs, weighting less than 10kg (73.9%). The most frequent breeds were: Poodle (27%), Dachshund (17.4%), and Yorkshire Terrier (10.4%). The most frequent clinical manifestations were polyphagia (86%), polydipsia (82.6%), polyuria (80%), abdominal enlargement (82.6%), thin skin (79.1%), muscular weakness (78.3%) and panting (74.8%). However, eventually unusual HAC-associated signs would be present in some dogs in a more important way compared with the classic disease´s clinical signs. The CBC showed neutrophilia (66%), eosinopenia (58.3%) and lymphopenia (42.6%) as main hematological abnormalities. The most common findings in serum biochemistry were increased alkaline phosphatase activity (81.74%), increased ALT activity (62.6%), hypercholesterolemia (66%) and hypertriglyceridemia (54.7%). Urinalysis revealed hyposthenuria in 14.9% and isostenuria in 13.5%; besides proteinuria in 50% of the cases. Abdominal ultrasound showed bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (92.2%) with adrenal asymmetry in 20.8% of the cases, in addition to hepatomegaly (80.9%), biliary sludge (67.8%) and hepatic hyperechogenicity (47.8%). It was concluded that small size gonadectomized female dogs, mainly Poodles and Dachshunds, presented higher frequency in the population studied, and that the main changes observed in clinical and complementary tests were polyphagia, polyuria, polydipsia, abdominal enlargement, adrenal hyperplasia, increased phosphatase alkaline and hyperlipidemia. These results corroborated to a better disease characterization at Brazil. This work concluded that the population studied resembles the profile describe in European and North American epidemiologic studies, and that the HAC dog´s clinical picture looks similar worldwide.(AU)

A caracterização clínica-epidemiológica de doenças auxilia no direcionamento do diagnóstico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e laboratoriais de uma série de casos de hiperadrenocorticismo (HAC) canino. Foram avaliados 115 prontuários de cães diagnosticados pelo teste de supressão por baixa dose de dexametasona e/ou teste de estimulação com ACTH. Os casos de HAC ACTH-dependentes representaram 81,3% da população, e 18,7% foram ACTH-independentes. As fêmeas foram mais acometidas, representando 69,3% dos casos. A média de idade foi 10,3 ± 2,5 anos e 64,9% eram gonadectomizados. A maioria dos cães foi de porte pequeno, de até 10 kg (73,9%). As raças mais frequentes foram Poodle (27%), Dachshund (17,4%) e Yorkshire (10,4%). As manifestações clínicas mais relatadas foram polifagia (86%), polidipsia (82,6%), poliúria (80%), abdome pendular (82,6%), atrofia cutânea (79,1%), fraqueza muscular (78,3%) e dispneia (74,8%). Entretanto, eventualmente sinais clínicos pouco associados ao HAC se manifestaram de forma mais importante que os sinais clássicos da doença. O hemograma revelou neutrofilia (66%), eosinopenia (58,3%) e linfopenia (42,6%) como principais alterações hematológicas. Na bioquímica sérica foi observado aumento de fosfatase alcalina (81,74% dos casos), aumento da atividade da ALT (62,6%), hipercolesterolemia (66%) e hipertrigliceridemia (54,7%). A urinálise revelou hipostenúria em 14,9% e isostenúria em 13,5%; além de proteinúria em 50% dos casos. A ecografia abdominal evidenciou hiperplasia bilateral de adrenal (92,2%) com assimetria de adrenais em 20,8% dos casos, além de hepatomegalia (80,9%), lama biliar (67,8%) e hiperecogenicidade hepática (47,8%). Concluiu-se que fêmeas castradas de pequeno porte, principalmente das raças Poodles e Dachshunds, apresentaram maior frequência na população estudada e que as principais alterações observadas clínicas e nos exames complementares foram polifagia, poliúria, polidipsia, aumento abdominal, hiperplasia da adrenal, aumento de fosfatase alcalina e hiperlipidemia. Estes resultados corroboram para melhor caracterização da doença no Brasil. Este estudo concluiu que a população estudada se assemelha ao perfil populacional de cães com HAC descrito em estudos Europeus e Norte Americanos de forma que o perfil dos casos ao redor do globo parece similar.(AU)

Disfunção da Pars Intermédia da Pituitária (PPID) em equinos – em ascensão mas ainda pouco conhecida

A disfunção da pars intermédia da pituitária (ppid), também conhecida como Síndrome de Cushing, é uma doença degenerativa dos neurônios dopaminérgicos afetando a pars intermédia da glândula pituitária ou hipófise e está relacionada à idade em equinos. Um em cada quatro equinos a partir de 10 anos são diagnosticados nos eua e Austrália. Os sintomas da doença são hirsutismo, laminite, perda de musculatura epaxial, infecções recorrentes, feridas de difícil cicatrização e ocorrem devido ao aumento da produção de peptídeos derivados do pró-opiomelanocortina (pomc), como o adrenocorticotrófico (acth). Muitos pacientes vem a óbito devido ao diagnóstico tardio, cronicidade da doença e ineficiência do tratamento em casos avançados. Por isso o alerta para que o diagnóstico e tratamento sejam precoces e efetivos.

Disfunção da Pars Intermédia da Pituitária (PPID) em equinos em ascensão mas ainda pouco conhecida

A disfunção da pars intermédia da pituitária (ppid), também conhecida como Síndrome de Cushing, é uma doença degenerativa dos neurônios dopaminérgicos afetando a pars intermédia da glândula pituitária ou hipófise e está relacionada à idade em equinos. Um em cada quatro equinos a partir de 10 anos são diagnosticados nos eua e Austrália. Os sintomas da doença são hirsutismo, laminite, perda de musculatura epaxial, infecções recorrentes, feridas de difícil cicatrização e ocorrem devido ao aumento da produção de peptídeos derivados do pró-opiomelanocortina (pomc), como o adrenocorticotrófico (acth). Muitos pacientes vem a óbito devido ao diagnóstico tardio, cronicidade da doença e ineficiência do tratamento em casos avançados. Por isso o alerta para que o diagnóstico e tratamento sejam precoces e efetivos.(AU)

Myolipoma associated with hyperadrenocorticism and diabetes mellitus in a female poodle / Miolipoma associado a hiperadrenocorticismo e diabetes mellitus em uma poodle fêmea

This report provides an unpublished account of an intra-abdominal myolipoma in a 11-year-old female Poodle with hyperadrenocorticism and diabetes mellitus. The patient was well controlled for both endocrine diseases; however, was suffering for severe abdominal discomfort. Ultrasound scan revealed a huge abdominal mass. At necropsy a pinkish mass (35cm x 28cm x 12cm) of elastic consistency attached to the broad ligament of the left uterine horn was reported. Histologically, this mass was constituted of a mixed population of well-differentiated adipocytes and of spindle-shaped mesenchymal cells. Both tumor cells were positive for vimentin at immunohistochemistry, while the spindle-shaped cells were positive for desmin and actin, compatible with smooth muscle cells. Immunohistochemistry was crucial for myolipoma characterization.(AU)

Este relato apresenta um caso inédito de miolipoma intra-abdominal em um poodle fêmea de 11 anos de idade com hiperadrenocorticismo e diabetes mellitus concomitante. A paciente apresentava um bom controle das doenças endócrinas, porém, grande desconforto abdominal. Ao ultrassom abdominal evidenciou-se uma massa de grandes proporções. Na necropsia uma massa rosácea (35cm x 28cm x 12cm) de consistência elástica unida ao ligamento largo do corno uterino esquerdo foi identificada. Histologicamente esta massa era constituída de uma população mista de adipócitos bem diferenciados e células fusiformes mesenquimais. Ambos tipos celulares foram positivos para vimentina na imuno-histoquímica, enquanto as células fusiformes foram positivas também para desmina e actina, compatível com músculo liso. A imuno-histoquímica foi crucial para o diagnóstico do miolipoma.(AU)

Granulosa cell tumor associated with occult hyperadrenocorticism in a yorkshire terrier bitch

Background: Hyperadrenocorticism (HAC), is considered a set of symptoms due to excessive exposure to cortisol. Naturally occurring HAC is most often related to pituitary tumors (pituitary-dependent HAC - PDH). Occult HAC, is referred as a clinical picture highly consistent with HAC; however, routine screening tests are negative. In addition, one or more steroids are elevated following administration of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). Ovarian granulosa cell tumors, can produce steroids leading to paraneoplastic syndromes. The objective of this study was to report an unpublished case of ovarian granulosa cell tumor associated with occult hyperadrenocorticism in a Yorkshire Terrier.Case: A 13-year-old intact female dog, Yorkshire Terrier, was brought for consultation with slight weight loss, polyuria, polydipsia, irregular estrous cycles, increased abdominal volume and thin coat. On physical examination the animal was gasping and presented severe periodontal disease, bulging abdomen, alopecia and skin hyperpigmentation. Complete blood count presented no changes; however, serum biochemistry evaluation highlighted hyperalbuminemia, hypertriglyceridemia, alkaline phosphatase increased activity, and urinary specific gravity and creatinine below reference values. On abdominal ultrasonography left adrenal gland measured 2.08 cm x 1.08 cm and the right adrenal gland measured 2.11 cm x 0.84 cm, indicating bilateral adrenomegaly compatible with PDH. In the hypogastric abdomen, a large heterogeneous hypoechogenic mass was also observed, with areas of cystic cavities, measuring 5.80 cm x 7.30 cm. A low dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDST) was performed, due to PDH suspicion. The test did not confirm HAC, suspecting, then, to be a case of occult/atypical HAC. Due to the strong clinical suspicion, and owner financial problems for further investigated occult HAC, trilostane treatment was initiated.[...](AU)

Granulosa cell tumor associated with occult hyperadrenocorticism in a yorkshire terrier bitch

Background: Hyperadrenocorticism (HAC), is considered a set of symptoms due to excessive exposure to cortisol. Naturally occurring HAC is most often related to pituitary tumors (pituitary-dependent HAC - PDH). Occult HAC, is referred as a clinical picture highly consistent with HAC; however, routine screening tests are negative. In addition, one or more steroids are elevated following administration of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). Ovarian granulosa cell tumors, can produce steroids leading to paraneoplastic syndromes. The objective of this study was to report an unpublished case of ovarian granulosa cell tumor associated with occult hyperadrenocorticism in a Yorkshire Terrier.Case: A 13-year-old intact female dog, Yorkshire Terrier, was brought for consultation with slight weight loss, polyuria, polydipsia, irregular estrous cycles, increased abdominal volume and thin coat. On physical examination the animal was gasping and presented severe periodontal disease, bulging abdomen, alopecia and skin hyperpigmentation. Complete blood count presented no changes; however, serum biochemistry evaluation highlighted hyperalbuminemia, hypertriglyceridemia, alkaline phosphatase increased activity, and urinary specific gravity and creatinine below reference values. On abdominal ultrasonography left adrenal gland measured 2.08 cm x 1.08 cm and the right adrenal gland measured 2.11 cm x 0.84 cm, indicating bilateral adrenomegaly compatible with PDH. In the hypogastric abdomen, a large heterogeneous hypoechogenic mass was also observed, with areas of cystic cavities, measuring 5.80 cm x 7.30 cm. A low dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDST) was performed, due to PDH suspicion. The test did not confirm HAC, suspecting, then, to be a case of occult/atypical HAC. Due to the strong clinical suspicion, and owner financial problems for further investigated occult HAC, trilostane treatment was initiated.[...]

Adrenalectomia em cão para tratamento de Feocromocitoma maligno: relato de caso / Adrenalectomia in dog for treatment of Feochromocytoma maligno: case report / Adrenalectomía en perro para tratamiento de Feocromocitoma maligno: relato de caso

Foi atendida uma fêmea, canina, de raça Chow Chow, com oitos anos de idade com histórico de anorexia há dois dias. Apresentou ao exame físico pelo opaco, foi solicitado hemograma que apresentou anemia,hiperproteinemia e eosinofilia, foi realizado exame bioquímico ALT, FA, ureia e creatinina que não obtiveram alterações.Na ultrassonografia abdominal encontrou-se adenomegalia por hiperadrenocorticismo devido a neoplasia em glândula adrenal direita. Sendo indicado como tratamento adrenalectomia unilateral direita, no exame histopatológico foi caracterizado o Feocromocitoma maligno. O feocromocitoma maligno é um tumor característico de glândula adrenal, ocorre normalmente de forma unilateral. Os tumores adrenocorticais são responsáveis por 15 a 20% do hiperadrenocorticismo (HAC) espontâneo em cães, sendo mais comuns os adenomas e os carcinomas.(AU)

An eight-year-old female, canine Chow Chow breed with an anorexia history of two days old was seen.He was submitted to a physical examination for the opaque, he was asked for a blood count that presented anemia,hyperproteinemia and eosinophilia, a biochemical ALT, AF, urea and creatinine test were performed, which did not change. In abdominal ultrasonography adenomegaly was observed due to hyperadrenocorticism due to neoplasia in the right adrenal gland. Being indicated as a right unilateral adrenalectomy treatment, histopathological examination characterized the malignant pheochromocytoma.Malignant pheochromocytoma is a tumor characteristic of the adrenal gland, usually occurs unilaterally. Adrenocortical tumors account for 15 to 20% of spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) in dogs, with adenomas and carcinomas being more common.(AU)

La edad de ocho años de edad, canina Chow Chow crianza con una anorexia historia de dos días de edad. En el caso de que se produzca una hemorragia, la hiperproteinemia y la eosinophilia, el bioquímico ALT, el AF, la urea y la creatinina test fueron realizadas, que no cambió. In abdominal ultrasonografía adenomegaly fue observado debido a hiperadrenocorticismo debido a la neoplasia en el derecho adrenal gland. El uso de las a la derecha unilateral adrenalectomy del tratamiento, el histopathological examina el maligno pheochromocytoma.Malignantpheochromocytoma es un tumor característico de la adrenal gland, generalmente ocurre unilateralmente.Adrenocortical tumors account para 15 a 20% de espontaneous hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) en perros, con adenomas y carcinomas ser más comunes.(AU)

Hidrocefalia Congênita Canina Seguida De Hiperadrenocorticismo Iatrogênico: Revisão De Literatura E Relato De Caso / Canine Congenital Hydrocephalus Followed By An Iatrogenic Hiperadrenocorticism Status: Review And Case Report / Hidrocefalia Canina Congenita Con Consecuente Hiperadrenocorticismo Iatrogenico: Revisión De Literatura Y Reporte De Caso

A hidrocefalia congênita é caracterizada em animais pelo acúmulo excessivo de líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) no crânio, decorrente principalmente de infecção viral do sistema nervoso do feto no ambiente uterino; por predisposição genética ou ainda por quadros de distocia. No presente relato abordam-se os principais aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos e terapêuticos desta patologia em cães, e apresenta-se um caso clínico de hidrocefalia congênita em cão sem raça definida, que foi acompanhado clinicamente e laboratorialmente durante 12 meses, e recebeu tratamento alopático convencional e acupuntura, evoluindo para quadro de hiperadrenocorticismo secundário.(AU)

The congenital hydrocephalus is characterized in animals by high accumulation of cephalorachidian fluid (CRF) in cranium, due a viral infection of central nervous system of fetus during its development; due genetic predisposition or also due dystocia problems at birth. The main clinical, diagnosis and therapeutic aspects of this pathology in dogs are discussed in the present report. A clinical case report of a hydrocephalus mixed breed dog is also presented. Dog was clinically and laboratory followed during 12 months, and it was treated with conventional allopathic and acupuncture, with a secondary development of iatrogenic hiperadrenocorticism status.(AU)

La hidrocefalia congénita es caracterizada en animales por el acumulo excesivo de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) en el cráneo, decurrente infección viral del feto en desenvolvimiento; predisposición genética o distocias. En el presente reporte los principales aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos y terapéuticos de esta patología en perros san discutidos. Se describe también un caso clínico de hidrocefalia congénita en uno perro sin raza definida, que fue acompañado clínicamente y laboratorialmente durante 12 meses, y recibió tratamiento alopático convencional y acupuntura, con desarrollo secundario hiperadrenocorticismo iatrogénico.(AU)

Epidemiologia Dos Endoparasitas Em Bovinos: Uma Visão Do Brasil E Do Mundo / Epidemiology Of Endoparasites In Bovines: A View Of Brazil And Of The World

Em bovinos, as enfermidades parasitárias causam prejuízos econômicos e produtivos significativos. Além disso, comprometem a saúde e o bem-estar animal. Tratando-se mais especificamente dos endoparasitas, um fator agravante é a apresentação insidiosa da doença, e assim, são subdiagnosticados e/ou negligenciados. Por isso, a realização de estudos epidemiológicos de parasitas são ferramentas úteis para a identificação das espécies de helmintos, bem como para avaliar as suas prevalências e os graus de infecção nos animais. Com base nessas informações, medidas de profilaxia e prevenção podem ser mais bem delineadas. Apesar da relevância destes tipos de estudos, há escassez de resultados recentes e atualizados sobre a situação de rebanhos bovinos frente ao parasitismo. Desta maneira, objetivou-se realizar um levantamento retrospectivo de estudos epidemiológicos versando sobre endoparasitas nas diferentes regiões do Brasil, bem como de outros países de clima semelhante ao do Brasil, que foram categorizadas de acordo com seus climas tropical, subtropical e temperado.(AU)

In bovines, parasitic diseases cause significant economic and productivity damage. Furthermore, they compromise animal health and well-being. In the more specific case of endoparasites, one aggravating factor is the insidious presentation of the disease that renders it underdiagnosed and/or neglected. For this reason, epidemiological studies of parasites serve as useful tools for the identification of species of helminths, and for evaluating their prevalences and degrees of infection in animals. These data enable better delineation of preventive and prophylactic measures. Despite the relevance of these types of studies, recent updated results on the situation of bovine herds exposed to parasitism are scarce. Thus, the present work aimed to perform a retrospective survey of epidemiological studies examining endoparasites in different regions of Brazil, which also included international data, with countries categorized according to climates (tropical, subtropical and temperate).(AU)

Adrenalectomia em cão para tratamento de Feocromocitoma maligno: relato de caso / Adrenalectomia in dog for treatment of Feochromocytoma maligno: case report / Adrenalectomía en perro para tratamiento de Feocromocitoma maligno: relato de caso

Foi atendida uma fêmea, canina, de raça Chow Chow, com oitos anos de idade com histórico de anorexia há dois dias. Apresentou ao exame físico pelo opaco, foi solicitado hemograma que apresentou anemia,hiperproteinemia e eosinofilia, foi realizado exame bioquímico ALT, FA, ureia e creatinina que não obtiveram alterações.Na ultrassonografia abdominal encontrou-se adenomegalia por hiperadrenocorticismo devido a neoplasia em glândula adrenal direita. Sendo indicado como tratamento adrenalectomia unilateral direita, no exame histopatológico foi caracterizado o Feocromocitoma maligno. O feocromocitoma maligno é um tumor característico de glândula adrenal, ocorre normalmente de forma unilateral. Os tumores adrenocorticais são responsáveis por 15 a 20% do hiperadrenocorticismo (HAC) espontâneo em cães, sendo mais comuns os adenomas e os carcinomas.

An eight-year-old female, canine Chow Chow breed with an anorexia history of two days old was seen.He was submitted to a physical examination for the opaque, he was asked for a blood count that presented anemia,hyperproteinemia and eosinophilia, a biochemical ALT, AF, urea and creatinine test were performed, which did not change. In abdominal ultrasonography adenomegaly was observed due to hyperadrenocorticism due to neoplasia in the right adrenal gland. Being indicated as a right unilateral adrenalectomy treatment, histopathological examination characterized the malignant pheochromocytoma.Malignant pheochromocytoma is a tumor characteristic of the adrenal gland, usually occurs unilaterally. Adrenocortical tumors account for 15 to 20% of spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) in dogs, with adenomas and carcinomas being more common.

La edad de ocho años de edad, canina Chow Chow crianza con una anorexia historia de dos días de edad. En el caso de que se produzca una hemorragia, la hiperproteinemia y la eosinophilia, el bioquímico ALT, el AF, la urea y la creatinina test fueron realizadas, que no cambió. In abdominal ultrasonografía adenomegaly fue observado debido a hiperadrenocorticismo debido a la neoplasia en el derecho adrenal gland. El uso de las a la derecha unilateral adrenalectomy del tratamiento, el histopathological examina el maligno pheochromocytoma.Malignantpheochromocytoma es un tumor característico de la adrenal gland, generalmente ocurre unilateralmente.Adrenocortical tumors account para 15 a 20% de espontaneous hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) en perros, con adenomas y carcinomas ser más comunes.

Epidemiologia Dos Endoparasitas Em Bovinos: Uma Visão Do Brasil E Do Mundo / Epidemiology Of Endoparasites In Bovines: A View Of Brazil And Of The World

Em bovinos, as enfermidades parasitárias causam prejuízos econômicos e produtivos significativos. Além disso, comprometem a saúde e o bem-estar animal. Tratando-se mais especificamente dos endoparasitas, um fator agravante é a apresentação insidiosa da doença, e assim, são subdiagnosticados e/ou negligenciados. Por isso, a realização de estudos epidemiológicos de parasitas são ferramentas úteis para a identificação das espécies de helmintos, bem como para avaliar as suas prevalências e os graus de infecção nos animais. Com base nessas informações, medidas de profilaxia e prevenção podem ser mais bem delineadas. Apesar da relevância destes tipos de estudos, há escassez de resultados recentes e atualizados sobre a situação de rebanhos bovinos frente ao parasitismo. Desta maneira, objetivou-se realizar um levantamento retrospectivo de estudos epidemiológicos versando sobre endoparasitas nas diferentes regiões do Brasil, bem como de outros países de clima semelhante ao do Brasil, que foram categorizadas de acordo com seus climas tropical, subtropical e temperado.

In bovines, parasitic diseases cause significant economic and productivity damage. Furthermore, they compromise animal health and well-being. In the more specific case of endoparasites, one aggravating factor is the insidious presentation of the disease that renders it underdiagnosed and/or neglected. For this reason, epidemiological studies of parasites serve as useful tools for the identification of species of helminths, and for evaluating their prevalences and degrees of infection in animals. These data enable better delineation of preventive and prophylactic measures. Despite the relevance of these types of studies, recent updated results on the situation of bovine herds exposed to parasitism are scarce. Thus, the present work aimed to perform a retrospective survey of epidemiological studies examining endoparasites in different regions of Brazil, which also included international data, with countries categorized according to climates (tropical, subtropical and temperate).