[Adverse effects of lopinavir/ritonavir in critically ill patients with COVID-19]. / Efectos adversos de lopinavir/ritonavir en enfermedad grave por coronavirus (COVID-19).

During the SARSCoV-2 pandemic many drugs have been used as potential treatments in order to improve the clinical outcome and reduce the mortality. But since it is a currently unknown disease, the evidence about efficacy and safety is built as the drugs are prescribed. In this context, intensive pharmacovigilance allows early detection of adverse events, and thereby infer the safety profile of the indication. We conducted an observational, retrospective, single-center study involving adult patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. All adverse events detected in 23 patients in the Intensive Care Unit between March 15 and June 15, 2020 were registered. We describe type and severity of the adverse events and if treatment suspension was needed. The results show a high rate of adverse events (10/23, 43%) in treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir. In most cases early treatment suspension was required. Even though the limitations of our study derived from the small sample size, these results could help in building evidence about the safety of using lopinavir/ritonavir for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Durante el transcurso de la pandemia causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 se han utilizado diferentes fármacos como potenciales tratamientos específicos con el objetivo de lograr mejoría clínica y/o disminuir la mortalidad de los afectados, pero al tratarse de una enfermedad hasta ahora desconocida, la evidencia acerca de su seguridad y eficacia se va construyendo a medida que se los prescribe. La farmacovigilancia intensiva en este contexto permite detectar eventos adversos y mediante su reporte y análisis inferir el perfil de seguridad en cada indicación. Se realizó un estudio observacional, retrospectivo, en un único centro, en el cual se relevaron los eventos adversos en 23 pacientes adultos en estado crítico, de los cuales 18 recibieron lopinavir/ritonavir como tratamiento empírico, entre el 15 de marzo y el 15 de junio de 2020, durante su internación en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Se describe el tipo de eventos adversos, su gravedad y si fueron motivo de suspensión del tratamiento. Los resultados del presente análisis muestran una alta tasa de eventos adversos (10/23, 43%) entre los que recibieron lopinavir/ritonavir, llevando en la mayoría de los casos a la decisión de suspender el mismo antes de completar el tratamiento. Aun con las limitaciones propias del reducido número de casos, la divulgación de dichos resultados aporta evidencia para definir el perfil de seguridad de la combinación lopinavir/ritonavir usado en enfermedad grave por SARS-CoV-2.

Efectos adversos de lopinavir/ritonavir en enfermedad grave por coronavirus (COVID-19) / Adverse effects of lopinavir/ritonavir in critically ill patients with COVID-19

Resumen Durante el transcurso de la pandemia causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 se han utilizado diferentes fármacos como potenciales tratamientos específicos con el objetivo de lograr mejoría clínica y/o disminuir la mortalidad de los afectados, pero al tratarse de una enfermedad hasta ahora desconocida, la evidencia acerca de su seguridad y eficacia se va construyendo a medida que se los prescribe. La farmacovigilancia intensiva en este contexto permite detectar eventos adversos y mediante su reporte y análisis inferir el perfil de seguridad en cada indicación. Se realizó un estudio observacional, retrospectivo, en un único centro, en el cual se relevaron los eventos adversos en 23 pacientes adultos en estado crítico, de los cuales 18 recibieron lopinavir/ ritonavir como tratamiento empírico, entre el 15 de marzo y el 15 de junio de 2020, durante su internación en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Se describe el tipo de eventos adversos, su gravedad y si fueron motivo de suspensión del tratamiento. Los resultados del presente análisis muestran una alta tasa de eventos adversos (10/23, 43%) entre los que recibieron lopinavir/ritonavir, llevando en la mayoría de los casos a la decisión de suspender el mismo antes de completar el tratamiento. Aun con las limitaciones propias del reducido número de casos, la divulgación de dichos resultados aporta evidencia para definir el perfil de seguridad de la combinación lopinavir / ritonavir usado en enfermedad grave por SARS-CoV-2.

Abstract During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic many drugs have been used as potential treatments in order to improve the clinical outcome and reduce the mortality. But since it is a currently unknown disease, the evidence about efficacy and safety is built as the drugs are prescribed. In this context, intensive pharmacovigilance allows early detection of adverse events, and thereby infer the safety profile of the indication. We conducted an observational, retrospective, single-center study involving adult patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. All adverse events detected in 23 patients in the Intensive Care Unit between March 15 and June 15, 2020 were registered. We describe type and severity of the adverse events and if treatment suspension was needed. The results show a high rate of adverse events (10/23, 43%) in treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir. In most cases early treatment suspension was required. Even though the limitations of our study derived from the small sample size, these results could help in building evidence about the safety of using lopinavir/ritonavir for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Rhabdomyolysis as an initial presentation in a patient diagnosed with COVID-19.

The presence of rhabdomyolysis secondary to multiple infections has been reported, predominantly viral, but also bacterial and fungal. It is well known that COVID-19 can present a wide variety of complications during the course of infection; however, the presence of rhabdomyolysis as an initial condition has not been reported so far. We report a case of rhabdomyolysis as an initial presentation in a patient diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) infection.

Interferon-Free Regimen: Equally Effective in Treatment Naive and Experienced HCV Patients.

INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Interferon-free regimen has been reported to be highly efficient in treatment of HCV infection, including patients with compensated cirrhosis. We compared the efficacy of Ombitasvir, Paritaprevir, Ritonavir, Dasabuvir and Ribavirin (OBT/PTV/r, with DSV and RBV) therapy in patients with chronic HCV genotype 1b infection and compensated cirrhosis with and without prior treatment experience with pegylated interferon and ribavirin (IFN/RBV). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective two-center study was conducted in Mures County Hospital and Brasov County Hospital, Romania in period November 2015-July 2016. Both treatment naïve and PegIFN/RBV experienced patients with chronic HCV genotype 1b infection received 12 weeks of OBT/PTV/r, with DSV and RBV. Sustained virologic response 12 weeks after the treatment and eventual discontinuation of therapy due to adverse events were assessed in order to estimate safety and efficiency of therapeutic regimen. RESULTS: Fifty nine patients were included in study, 35 (59.3%) of them were previously treated with IFN/RBV. Forty four (74.5%) patients were previously diag-nosed with cirrhosis Child Pugh score 5, while 15 (25.4%) with Child Pugh score 6. All 59 patients achieved a SVR12 of 100% and one patient from treatment naïve cohort discontinued the therapy due to hyperbilirubinemia and encephalopathy. However viral load assessed at 12 weeks after discontinuation of therapy in this patient was undetectable. Conclusion An all-oral regimen of co-for-mulated OBT/PTV/r with DSV and RBV results in high rate of sustained virologic response at post-treatment week 12 among HCV GT1b infected patients associated with compensated cirrhosis, regardless of previous treatment experience with PegIFN/RBV.