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1.
Rev. medica electron ; 41(6): 1533-1549, oct.-dic. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1094148

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La revisión por pares garantiza que los materiales publicados sean válidos y confiables, tanto como sea posible. El objetivo fue reconocer la importancia del trabajo de los revisores en las publicaciones científicas médicas y de la observación de los aspectos éticos durante su desempeño. Las revisiones por pares pueden ser a ciegas, a doble ciegas o abiertas, cada una de ellas con ventajas y desventajas. Durante las publicaciones de resultados de investigaciones científicas pueden producirse sesgos por parte de los revisores. Entre los sesgos de los revisores relacionados con faltas éticas se encuentran: los incumplimientos en plazos de revisión, la superficialidad de las revisiones, el lenguaje ofensivo contra editores o autores, el "amiguismo cognitivo" y el "sesgo de ego" por propia voluntad, entre otros. No obstante, es posible implementar acciones para minimizar los sesgos relacionados con esas faltas éticas. El trabajo de los revisores es digno de reconocer, teniendo en cuenta que casi siempre es realizado durante el tiempo libre, de forma voluntaria y por personas de alto prestigio como investigadores. En el mundo actual esta labor ha sido amenazada con la proliferación de revistas predadoras, pero también destacan los intentos para su reivindicación y promoción, como el del sitio web Publons. En el trabajo de los revisores intervienen múltiples factores, a veces contradictorios: intereses, deberes, derechos; pero todos ellos deben ponderarse sobre la base de una sólida formación y desempeño éticos (AU).


ABSTRACT Peer reviews guarantee published materials be as valid and reliable as it be possible. Recognize reviewers' work importance on scientific medical publication as well as the ethics issues to be accomplished during their performance. Development: Peer reviews could be single blind, double blind or open, each one with its advantages and disadvantages. During scientific research results publications, peer reviewer biases could be occurred. Some peer reviewer biases are related to ethical mistakes: no fulfillment of time limits, superficial evaluations, offense languages against editors or authors, at will cognitive cronyism and "ego bias", among others. Nevertheless, measures' implementation to minimize biases related to ethical mistakes is possible. The reviewers' work is suitable to be recognized, taking into account it is done almost all the times on free time, without financial compensation and by researchers with recognized prestige. In the present word, even when this work has been threat by predatory journals spreads, some intent to do it justice and promotion are highlight, as do the website Publons. Multiple factors, contradictory sometime, are involved in the reviewers' work: interests, duties, rights; but all of them should be pondering over the base of a solid ethic education and behavior (AU).


Subject(s)
Publication Bias , Peer Review, Research/ethics , Principle-Based Ethics , Ethics, Research , Communication , Confidentiality , Scientific and Technical Publications , Ethics, Professional , Data Anonymization/ethics , Data Management/ethics
2.
Cad. ética pesqui ; 1(1): 41-52, 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | CNS-BR, Coleciona SUS | ID: biblio-1281437

ABSTRACT

Este artigo objetiva analisar as normas internacionais e nacionais que tratam de ética em pesquisa e do acesso a dados de prontuário com base no referencial dos Direitos Humanos dos Pacientes, particularmente do direito à privacidade e do direito à confidencialidade. Neste estudo optou-se pela análise de normas nacionais e internacionais, com base no direito à privacidade e no direito à confidencialidade da informação pessoal. A partir das normas objeto dessa investigação, extraem-se as seguintes prescrições ético-jurídicas: a) o direito à privacidade e à confidencialidade do paciente/participante é o balizador ético jurídico da pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos e os interesses da produção científica não se sobrepõem ao do participante; b) o segundo uso de informação pessoal do paciente para fins de pesquisa não deve ser, prima facie, legalmente vedado; c) ferramentas devem ser adotadas visando assegurar a eticidade do segundo uso de dados pessoais para fins de pesquisa, tal como a anonimização de dados e o emprego de cláusulas especificas. Conclui-se que o segundo uso de dados do prontuário para fins de pesquisa há que ser legalmente autorizado e regulado e que a regra geral deve ser o acesso ao prontuário para fins de pesquisa consentido pelo paciente/participante, essa é a premissa de atuação de qualquer órgão de ética em pesquisa


This article aims to analyze international and national norms on research ethics and access to medical records based on the Human Rights of Patients, particularly the right to privacy and the right to confidentiality. It is a research of theoretical nature based on the Human Rights of Patients. In this study, we opted for the analysis of national and international norms based on the right to privacy and the right to confidentiality of personal information. The following ethical and legal prescriptions are taken out from the norms analyzed: a) the right to privacy and to confidentiality is the ethical-legal benchmark of research involving human subjects and the interests of scientific knowledge do not overlap the participant interest; b) the second use of the patient's personal information for research purposes should not be prima facie legally prohibited; c) tools should be adopted to ensure the ethics of the second use of personal data for research purposes, such as data anonymization and the use of specific clauses. It was concluded that the second use of the medical record for research purposes must be legally authorized and regulated and that the general rule should be access to medical records for the purposes of research by consent of the patient / participant, this is the premiseof any body of research ethics


Subject(s)
Humans , Medical Records , Confidentiality , Privacy , Ethics, Research , Medical Records/legislation & jurisprudence , Confidentiality/legislation & jurisprudence , Confidentiality/ethics , Privacy/legislation & jurisprudence , Patient Rights/legislation & jurisprudence , Patient Rights/ethics , Codes of Ethics , Data Anonymization/legislation & jurisprudence , Data Anonymization/ethics , Human Rights
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